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Lymperatou A, Engelsen TK, Skiadas IV, Gavala HN. Prediction of methane yield and pretreatment efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass based on composition. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 155:302-310. [PMID: 36410147 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is considered a key resource for the future expansion of biogas production through anaerobic digestion (AD), and research on the development of pretreatment technologies for improving biomass conversion is an intensive and fast-growing field. Consequently, there is a need for creating tools able to predict the efficiency of a certain pretreatment on different biomass types, fast and accurately, and to assist in selecting a pretreatment technology for a specific biomass. In this study, seven different types of raw lignocellulosic biomass of industrial relevance were systematically analyzed regarding their composition (carbohydrates, lignin, lipids, ash, extractives, etc.) and subjected to a common pretreatment. The aim of the study was to identify the most important characteristics that make a biomass good receptor of the specific pretreatment prior to AD. A simple ammonia pretreatment was chosen as a case study and partial least squares regression (PLS-R) was used for modeling initially the ultimate methane yield of raw and pretreated biomass. In the sequel, PLS-R was used for modeling the efficiency of the pretreatment on increasing the ultimate methane yield and hydrolysis rate as a function of the biomass composition. The fit of the models was satisfactory, ranging from R2 = 0.89 to R2 = 0.97. The results showed that the most decisive characteristics for predicting the efficiency of the pretreatment were the lipid (r = -0.88), ash (r = +0.79), protein (r = -0.61), and hemicellulose/lignin (r = -0.53) content of raw biomass. Finally, the approach followed in this study facilitated an improved understanding of the mechanism of the pretreatment and presented a methodology to be followed for developing tools for the prediction of pretreatment efficiency in the field of lignocellulosic biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lymperatou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Thor K Engelsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ioannis V Skiadas
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Hariklia N Gavala
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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2
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Effects of Sludge Concentration and Disintegration/Solubilization Pretreatment Methods on Increasing Anaerobic Biodegradation Efficiency and Biogas Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to determine suitable municipal sludge treatment solutions to simultaneously minimize the environmental negative impacts and achieve sustainable energy benefits. In this study, different sludge pretreatment techniques were applied and investigated to enhance the sludge solubility and, subsequently, facilitate the anaerobic biodegradation performance of the mixed sludge under different sludge concentrations and pretreatment techniques. The sludge characteristics before and after pretreatment and batch experiments of anaerobic digestion of sludge samples under different conditions were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the mechanical pretreatment method, alone and in combination with low-temperature heat treatment, significantly improved the sludge solubility, with the highest solubility at 39.23%. The maximum biomethane yield achieved was 0.43 m3/kg after 10 d of anaerobic digestion of a 3% sludge sample subjected to mechanical and thermal pretreatment prior to anaerobic biodegradation. In comparison, it took more than 28 d to achieve the same biomethane production with the unpretreated sludge sample. Mechanical pretreatment and subsequent heat treatment showed a high ability to dissolve sludge and, subsequently, accelerate anaerobic digestion, thereby providing promising prospects for increasing the treatment capacity of existing and new sludge treatment plants.
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3
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Nkuna R, Roopnarain A, Rashama C, Adeleke R. Insights into organic loading rates of anaerobic digestion for biogas production: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:487-507. [PMID: 34315294 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas production is affected by many factors that includes organic loading rate (OLR). This OLR appears to be closely linked to various other factors and understanding these linkages would therefore allow the sole use of OLR for process performance monitoring, control, as well as reactor design. This review's objective is to collate the various AD factor specific studies, then relate these factors' role in OLR fluctuations. By further analyzing the influence of OLR on the AD performance, it would then be possible, once all the other factors have been determined and fixed, to manage an AD plant by monitoring and controlling OLR only. Decisions on reactor design, process kinetics, biogas yield and process stability can then be made much more quickly and with minimal troubleshooting steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Nkuna
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Ashira Roopnarain
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil Climate and Water, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles Rashama
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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4
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Bianco F, Şenol H, Papirio S. Enhanced lignocellulosic component removal and biomethane potential from chestnut shell by a combined hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144178. [PMID: 33360342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes new perspectives for the management and biorefinery of wastes deriving from the agri-food sector such as chestnut shell (CS), which was here used as an organic feedstock for biomethane production through anaerobic digestion (AD). 1-5% alkaline (i.e. NaOH and KOH), hydrothermal (i.e. at 100 °C) and combined hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatments were employed to enhance the CS biodegradability prior to biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests conducted under mesophilic conditions. The hydrothermally-pretreated CS with 3% NaOH achieved the highest biomethane yield of 253 (±9) mL CH4·g VS-1 coupled to a volatile solid reduction of 48%. The hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment positively affected both delignification and hemicellulose polymerization, promoting an approximately 2.4-fold higher substrate biodegradability compared to the untreated CS, which only reached a CH4 production of 104 (±5) mL CH4·g VS-1. AD proceeded via volatile fatty acid accumulation, subsequently followed by methane production that was effectively simulated via the modified Gompertz kinetic having a R2 of 0.974-0.999. Among the physical-chemical parameters characterizing the CS, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was highly correlated with the BMP showing a Pearson coefficient of 0.952. The cumulative biomethane yield, the sCOD and the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin amount of CS were also processed through the least square method, obtaining a useful regression equation to predict the BMP. The economic assessment indicated that the hydrothermal-alkaline pretreatment is a cost-effective method to improve the BMP of CS, also for future full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bianco
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy.
| | - Halil Şenol
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Giresun University, 28000, Turkey
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Hashimoto K, Kubota N, Marushima T, Ohno M, Nakai S, Motoshige H, Nishijima W. A quantitative analysis method to determine the amount of cellulose fibre in waste sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1225-1235. [PMID: 31475875 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1662097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel quantitative analysis method for cellulose fibre was developed to understand its behaviour in biological wastewater treatment and waste sludge processes. The method developed in this study was designed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa to remove it by dissolving all the organic components except cellulose from the sludge due to needing the solubilisation of bacteria occupied almost of sludge matrix and quantifying the amount of remaining cellulose. The results of this study indicated that a combined treatment process that employed 2,000 U/L protease, 2 M hydrogen peroxide, and 2 mM potassium hydroxide after pre-treatment for floc dispersion with an ultrasonic treatment at 26 W for 1 min resulted in a solubilisation of 96% of P. aeruginosa without losing the cellulose fibre. When it was applied to the cellulose fibre added in the sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment facility, 99.5% of the cellulose fibre was recovered by using the high-speed centrifuge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Hashimoto
- Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Narumi Kubota
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Marushima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohno
- Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Nishijima
- Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Elsamadony M, Mostafa A, Fujii M, Tawfik A, Pant D. Advances towards understanding long chain fatty acids-induced inhibition and overcoming strategies for efficient anaerobic digestion process. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116732. [PMID: 33316662 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, caused by long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), has been considered as an important issue in the wastewater treatment sector. Proper understanding of mechanisms behind the inhibition is a must for further improvements of the AD process in the presence of LCFAs. Through analyzing recent literature, this review extensively describes the mechanism of LCFAs degradation, during AD. Further, a particular focus was directed to the key parameters which could affect such process. Besides, this review highlights the recent research efforts in mitigating LCFAs-caused inhibition, through the addition of commonly used additives such as cations and natural adsorbents. Specifically, additives such as bentonite, cation-based adsorbents, as well as zeolite and other natural adsorbents for alleviating the LCFAs-induced inhibition are discussed in detail. Further, panoramic evaluations for characteristics, various mechanisms of reaction, merits, limits, recommended doses, and preferred conditions for each of the different additives are provided. Moreover, the potential for increasing the methane production via pretreatment using those additives are discussed. Finally, we provide future horizons for the alternative materials that can be utilized, more efficiently, for both mitigating LCFAs-based inhibition and boosting methane potential in the subsequent digestion of LCFA-related wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsamadony
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan; Tanta University, Faculty of Engineering, Public Works Engineering Department, 31521, Tanta City, Egypt.
| | - Alsayed Mostafa
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
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7
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Physicochemical Characterization of Home-Made Soap from Waste-Used Frying Oils. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increase from 1.94 μg/g to 2.33 μg/g for olive oil fresh/fried pair and from 3.43 μg/g to 4.10 μg/g for rapeseed–palm oil fresh/fried pair. The studies addressing the soap biodegradation process revealed that soaps are degrading up to four times faster than oils in waste processing plants. Literature data showed the syntrophic ways of soap degradation and degradation solely done by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Obtained results, same as literature data, indicated that soaps produced from fried plant oils represent acceptable products from the economic and environmental point of view. Soap production can be considered one of the possible ways toward reduction of waste oil disposal.
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8
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Kapoor R, Ghosh P, Kumar M, Sengupta S, Gupta A, Kumar SS, Vijay V, Kumar V, Kumar Vijay V, Pant D. Valorization of agricultural waste for biogas based circular economy in India: A research outlook. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:123036. [PMID: 32107150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental deterioration and the need for energy security are intrinsic problems linked with the linear economy based on fossil fuels. Recently, a transformation to a sustainable circular bio-economy is being experienced where biomass waste is being valorized for energy production as well as minimization of waste and greenhouse gas emissions. The agricultural waste, generated in vast quantities in India is a prospective feedstock for biogas production. Agri-waste to biogas based circular economy requires an integration of agri-waste management, biogas production and utilization and policy support. This paper comprehensively discusses the potential of biogas production from agricultural waste, its upgradation and utilization along with the government initiatives, policy regulations. In addition, barriers that impede the development of an efficient agri-waste to biogas based circular economy, and the future research opportunities to meet the growing needs for agri-waste management, energy production and climate change mitigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimika Kapoor
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Madan Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Subhanjan Sengupta
- Birla Institute of Management Technology (BIMTECH), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Asmita Gupta
- Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Maurice Nagar, Roop Nagar, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Smita S Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, Haryana 121006, India
| | - Vandit Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium.
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9
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Conversion of waste cooking oil into biogas: perspectives and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2833-2856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Fang W, Zhang X, Zhang P, Wan J, Guo H, Ghasimi DSM, Morera XC, Zhang T. Overview of key operation factors and strategies for improving fermentative volatile fatty acid production and product regulation from sewage sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:93-111. [PMID: 31791521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production through anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge, instead of methane production, has been regarded as a high-value and promising roadmap for sludge stabilization and resource recovery. This review first presents the effects of some essential factors that influence VFA production and composition. In the second part, we present an extensive analysis of conventional pretreatment and co-fermentation strategies ultimately addressed to improving VFA production and composition. Also, the effectiveness of these approaches is summarized in terms of sludge degradation, hydrolysis rate, and VFA production and composition. According to published studies, it is concluded that some pretreatments such as alkaline and thermal pretreatment are the most effective ways to enhance VFA production from sewage sludge. The possible reasons for the improvement of VFA production by different methods are also discussed. Finally, this review also highlights several current technical challenges and opportunities in VFA production with spectrum control, and further related research is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. E-mail:
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Panyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jijun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hongxiao Guo
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Dara S M Ghasimi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Xavier Carol Morera
- Institut Quimíc de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. E-mail: .
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11
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Chozhavendhan S, Gnanavel G, Karthiga Devi G, Subbaiya R, Praveen Kumar R, Bharathiraja B. Enhancement of Feedstock Composition and Fuel Properties for Biogas Production. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0410-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Evaluation of the Methane Production Potential of Catfish Processing Wastewater Using Various Anaerobic Digestion Strategies. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. catfish industry is a major industry that has been declining over the years due to imports competition and growing operational costs. Catfish processing wastewater management and high energy requirement put a large financial burden on catfish processing facilities. Recovered protein-based solids have provided some value-added co-products, however, more co-products are needed to offset processing costs. Anaerobic digestion is a proven waste treatment method that produces methane, which is an energetic co-product that can be used within the processing facilities. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of anaerobic digestion as an alternative to the currently used aerobic biotreatment of catfish processing wastewater. Initial assessments indicated the recalcitrance of the full-strength wastewater to anaerobic digestion, yielding only ~4 m3 per ton (U.S.) of input chemical oxygen demand (CODinput). Thus, several strategies were evaluated to improve the methane yield from the wastewater. These strategies include nutrient (nitrogen and sulfur) amendment, along with ozone, HCl, and NaOH pretreatment. The results showed that nutrient amendment was the most suitable strategy for improving the digestibility of the catfish processing wastewater. A methane yield of 121–236 m3/ton (U.S.) CODinput was obtained, with a purity of 67–80 vol.%. These results are similar to yields and purities of biogas from other feedstock, such as food waste, wastewater solids, and fish canning wastewater. This indicates that anaerobic digestion could be a viable alternative for simultaneous treatment and energetic co-product generation from catfish processing wastewater.
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13
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Cho K, Shin SG, Kim W, Lee J, Lee C, Hwang S. Microbial community shifts in a farm-scale anaerobic digester treating swine waste: Correlations between bacteria communities associated with hydrogenotrophic methanogens and environmental conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:167-176. [PMID: 28551535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community structure in a farm-scale anaerobic digester treating swine manure was investigated during three process events: 1) prolonged starvation, and changes of 2) operating temperature (between meso- and thermophilic) and 3) hydraulic retention time (HRT). Except during the initial period, the digester was dominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens (HMs). The bacterial community structure significantly shifted with operating temperature and HRT but not with long-term starvation. Clostridiales (26.5-54.4%) and Bacteroidales (2.5-13.7%) became dominant orders in the digester during the period of HM dominance. Abundance of diverse meso- and thermophilic bacteria increased during the same period; many of these species may be H2 producers, and/or syntrophic acetate oxidizers. Some of these species showed positive correlations with [NH4+-N] (p<0.1); this relationship suggests that ammonia was a significant parameter for bacterial selection. The bacterial niche information reported in this study can be useful to understand the ecophysiology of anaerobic digesters treating swine manure that contains high ammonia content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Cho
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeob Lee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Harris PW, Schmidt T, McCabe BK. Evaluation of chemical, thermobaric and thermochemical pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of high-fat cattle slaughterhouse waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:605-610. [PMID: 28810214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to enhance the anaerobic digestion of fat-rich dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge through chemical, thermobaric, and thermochemical pre-treatment methods. Soluble chemical oxygen demand was enhanced from 16.3% in the control to 20.84% (thermobaric), 40.82% (chemical), and 50.7% (thermochemical). Pre-treatment altered volatile fatty acid concentration by -64% (thermobaric), 127% (chemical) and 228% (thermochemical). Early inhibition was reduced by 20% in the thermochemical group, and 100% in the thermobaric group. Specific methane production was enhanced by 3.28% (chemical), 8.32% (thermobaric), and 8.49% (thermochemical) as a result of pre-treatment. Under batch digestion, thermobaric pre-treatment demonstrated the greatest improvement in methane yield with respect to degree of pre-treatment applied. Thermobaric pre-treatment was also the most viable for implementation at slaughterhouses, with potential for heat-exchange to reduce pre-treatment cost. Further investigation into long-term impact of pre-treatments in semi-continuous digestion experiments will provide additional evaluation of appropriate pre-treatment options for high-fat slaughterhouse wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Harris
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernadette K McCabe
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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15
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Afolabi OOD, Sohail M. Microwaving human faecal sludge as a viable sanitation technology option for treatment and value recovery - A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 187:401-415. [PMID: 27836558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The prolonged challenges and terrible consequences of poor sanitation, especially in developing economies, call for the exploration of new sustainable sanitation technologies. Such technologies must be: capable of effectively treating human faecal wastes without any health or environmental impacts; scalable to address rapid increases in population and urbanization; capable of meeting environmental regulations and standards for faecal management; and competitive with existing strategies. Further and importantly, despite its noxiousness and pathogenic load, the chemical composition of human faecal sludge indicates that it could be considered a potentially valuable, nutrient-rich renewable resource, rather than a problematic waste product. New approaches to faecal sludge management must consequently seek to incorporate a 'valuable resource recovery' approach, compatible with stringent treatment requirements. This review intends to advance the understanding of human faecal sludge as a sustainable organic-rich resource that is typically high in moisture (up to 97 per cent), making it a suitable candidate for dielectric heating, i.e. microwave irradiation, to promote faecal treatment, while also recovering value-added products such as ammonia liquor concentrate (suitable for fertilizers) and chars (suitable for fuel) - which can provide an economic base to sustain the technology. Additionally, microwaving human faecal sludge represents a thermally effective approach that can destroy pathogens, eradicate the foul odour associated human faecal sludge, while also preventing hazardous product formations and/or emissions, aside from other benefits such as improved dewaterability and heavy metals recovery. Key technological parameters crucial for scaling the technology as a complementary solution to the challenges of onsite sanitation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola O D Afolabi
- School of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - M Sohail
- School of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Geng Y, Zhang B, Du L, Tang Z, Li Q, Zhou Z, Yin X. Improving Methane Production During the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge: Cao-ultrasonic Pretreatment and Using Different Seed Sludges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Lindner J, Zielonka S, Oechsner H, Lemmer A. Effects of mechanical treatment of digestate after anaerobic digestion on the degree of degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 178:194-200. [PMID: 25451773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to increase the biogas production from different substrates by applying a mechanical treatment only to the non-degraded digestate after the fermentation process in order to feed it back into the process. To evaluate this approach, digestates were grounded with a ball mill for four different treatment time periods (0, 2, 5, 10 min) and then the effects on the particle size, volatile organic substances, methane yield and degradation kinetic were measured. A decrease of volatile fatty acids based on this treatment was not detected. The mechanical treatment caused in maximum to a triplication of the methane yield and to a quadruplicating of the daily methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lindner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Simon Zielonka
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Zhang D, Li X, Jia S, Dai L, Zhao J, Chen Y, Dai X. A review: factors affecting excess sludge anaerobic digestion for volatile fatty acids production. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:678-88. [PMID: 26287825 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of methods that improve the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from excess sludge during the anaerobic digestion process. These methods are mainly divided into two approaches. The first approach is located in the pre-treatment methods, which change the properties of the substrates, such as thermal pre-treatment, alkaline pre-treatment, microwave pre-treatment and ultrasonic pre-treatment. The other approach is found in the fermentation process control methods, which influence the environment of anaerobic digestion for the production of VFA, such as pH, temperature, mixing, additives and solids retention time control. In the text recent research studies of each method are listed and analyzed in detail. Comparably, microwave and ultrasonic pre-treatment methods are considered emerging and promising technologies due to their efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the microwave pre-treatment has high electricity demand, which might make the process economically unfeasible. In order to calculate optimal operation, further studies still need to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaoshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Shuting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Lingling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
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19
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Ruiz-Hernando M, Martín-Díaz J, Labanda J, Mata-Alvarez J, Llorens J, Lucena F, Astals S. Effect of ultrasound, low-temperature thermal and alkali pre-treatments on waste activated sludge rheology, hygienization and methane potential. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 61:119-129. [PMID: 24907480 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge is slower to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions than is primary sludge due to the glycan strands present in microbial cell walls. The use of pre-treatments may help to disrupt cell membranes and improve waste activated sludge biodegradability. In the present study, the effect of ultrasound, low-temperature thermal and alkali pre-treatments on the rheology, hygienization and biodegradability of waste activated sludge was evaluated. The optimum condition of each pre-treatment was selected based on rheological criteria (reduction of steady state viscosity) and hygienization levels (reduction of Escherichia coli, somatic coliphages and spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia). The three pre-treatments were able to reduce the viscosity of the sludge, and this reduction was greater with increasing treatment intensity. However, only the alkali and thermal conditioning allowed the hygienization of the sludge, whereas the ultrasonication did not exhibit any notorious effect on microbial indicators populations. The selected optimum conditions were as follows: 27,000 kJ/kg TS for the ultrasound, 80 °C during 15 min for the thermal and 157 g NaOH/kg TS for the alkali. Afterward, the specific methane production was evaluated through biomethane potential tests at the specified optimum conditions. The alkali pre-treatment exhibited the greatest methane production increase (34%) followed by the ultrasonication (13%), whereas the thermal pre-treatment presented a methane potential similar to the untreated sludge. Finally, an assessment of the different treatment scenarios was conducted considering the results together with an energy balance, which revealed that the ultrasound and alkali treatments entailed higher costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-Hernando
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Martín-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 684, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Labanda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 684, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 684, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Llorens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 684, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Lucena
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 684, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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20
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Kim DJ. Pre-treatment Technology of Wastewater Sludge for Enhanced Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digestion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7464/ksct.2013.19.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Hutnan M, Kolesárová N, Bodik I. Anaerobic digestion of crude glycerol as sole substrate in mixed reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2179-2187. [PMID: 24350472 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.804581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of crude glycerol (CG) from the biodiesel industry in the production of biogas offers a perspective of further energy generation, which may result into the drop of biodiesel costs on the developing world market. This contribution is focused on anaerobic treatment of CG as a single substrate in mixed laboratory reactors. Experiences from long-term operation of mixed reactors processing either untreated or acidulated CG are discussed. The possibility of cofermentation of washing water (WW) from biodiesel production with CG was also attempted. It was demonstrated that long-term mesophilic anaerobic treatment of CG as the only substrate is possible. Except for nitrogen, and possibly phosphorus, the addition of other nutrients is unnecessary. Processing of both non-acidulated and acidulated CG in laboratory mixed reactors inoculated with suspended sludge resulted in a stable operation with high specific methane production (0.328 L/g chemical oxygen demand (COD) for non-acidulated CG and 0.345 L/g COD for acidulated CG), regarding organic loading rate of up to 4 g COD/(L x d). Due to the considerable content of dissolved inorganic salts in CG it is recommended to dilute this substrate with water to prevent the accumulation of salts and inhibition of the biomass activity. WW was proved to be a problematic substrate for anaerobic cofermentation with CG because its addition to the reactor caused a decrease in the pH value and biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Hutnan
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Nina Kolesárová
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Bodik
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Carrère H, Dumas C, Battimelli A, Batstone DJ, Delgenès JP, Steyer JP, Ferrer I. Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 183:1-15. [PMID: 20708333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the main sludge treatment techniques used as a pretreatment to anaerobic digestion. These processes include biological (largely thermal phased anaerobic), thermal hydrolysis, mechanical (such as ultrasound, high pressure and lysis), chemical with oxidation (mainly ozonation), and alkali treatments. The first three are the most widespread. Emphasis is put on their impact on the resulting sludge properties, on the potential biogas (renewable energy) production and on their application at industrial scale. Thermal biological provides a moderate performance increase over mesophilic digestion, with moderate energetic input. Mechanical treatment methods are comparable, and provide moderate performance improvements with moderate electrical input. Thermal hydrolysis provides substantial performance increases, with a substantial consumption of thermal energy. It is likely that low impact pretreatment methods such as mechanical and thermal phased improve speed of degradation, while high impact methods such as thermal hydrolysis or oxidation improve both speed and extent of degradation. While increased nutrient release can be a substantial cost in enhanced sludge destruction, it also offers opportunities to recover nutrients from a concentrated water stream as mineral fertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Carrère
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
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23
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Nizami AS, Korres NE, Murphy JD. Review of the integrated process for the production of grass biomethane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8496-508. [PMID: 20028043 DOI: 10.1021/es901533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Production of grass biomethane is an integrated process which involves numerous stages with numerous permutations. The grass grown can be of numerous species, and it can involve numerous cuts. The lignocellulosic content of grass increases with maturity of grass; the first cut offers more methane potential than the later cuts. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are higher (and as such methane potential is higher) for grass cut in the afternoon as opposed to that cut in the morning. The method of ensiling has a significant effect on the dry solids content of the grass silage. Pit or clamp silage in southern Germany and Austria has a solids content of about 40%; warm dry summers allow wilting of the grass before ensiling. In temperate oceanic climates like Ireland, pit silage has a solids content of about 21% while bale silage has a solids content of 32%. Biogas production is related to mass of volatile solids rather than mass of silage; typically one ton of volatile solid produces 300 m(3) of methane. The dry solids content of the silage has a significant impact on the biodigester configuration. Silage with a high solids content would lend itself to a two-stage process; a leach bed where volatile solids are converted to a leachate high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket where the COD can be converted efficiently to CH(4). Alternative configurations include wet continuous processes such as the ubiquitous continuously stirred tank reactor; this necessitates significant dilution of the feedstock to effect a solids content of 12%. Various pretreatment methods may be employed especially if the hydrolytic step is separated from the methanogenic step. Size reduction, thermal, and enzymatic methodologies are used. Good digester design is to seek to emulate the cow, thus rumen fluid offers great potential for hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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24
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Battimelli A, Carrère H, Delgenès JP. Saponification of fatty slaughterhouse wastes for enhancing anaerobic biodegradability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3695-3700. [PMID: 19200718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The thermochemical pretreatment by saponification of two kinds of fatty slaughterhouse waste--aeroflotation fats and flesh fats from animal carcasses--was studied in order to improve the waste's anaerobic degradation. The effect of an easily biodegradable compound, ethanol, on raw waste biodegradation was also examined. The aims of the study were to enhance the methanisation of fatty waste and also to show a link between biodegradability and bio-availability. The anaerobic digestion of raw waste, saponified waste and waste with a co-substrate was carried out in batch mode under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The results showed little increase in the total volume of biogas, indicating a good biodegradability of the raw wastes. Mean biogas volume reached 1200 mL/g VS which represented more than 90% of the maximal theoretical biogas potential. Raw fatty wastes were slowly biodegraded whereas pretreated wastes showed improved initial reaction kinetics, indicating a better initial bio-availability, particularly for mesophilic runs. The effects observed for raw wastes with ethanol as co-substrate depended on the process temperature: in mesophilic conditions, an initial improvement was observed whereas in thermophilic conditions a significant decrease in biodegradability was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Battimelli
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France.
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25
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Carrère H, Sialve B, Bernet N. Improving pig manure conversion into biogas by thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:3690-3694. [PMID: 19251411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermal (70-190 degrees C) and thermo-chemical (pH=10 and 12, 25 degrees C and 90-190 degrees C) treatments were investigated in order to maximise the production of methane from pig manure. Methane production from treated and raw manure was assessed from batch mesophilic biochemical methane potential tests. Methane potential of manure soluble fraction increased with the temperature of thermal treatments whereas temperatures higher than 135 degrees C were necessary to improve the methane potential of the total fraction. The best results were obtained with the highest temperature (190 degrees C). When thermo-chemical treatments were carried out at pH=12, both liquid phase and total fraction manure biodegradabilities were significantly decreased. Methane potential of manure total fraction was improved by treatments at pH=10 and temperatures ranging from 150 to 190 degrees C but biodegradability of liquid fraction was highly degraded, except for treatment at 190 degrees C. In both cases of thermal and thermo-chemical treatments at pH=10, the increase in manure biodegradability seemed to be linked to the reduction of the hemicellulosic like fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Carrère
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne, F-11100, France.
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26
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Ward AJ, Hobbs PJ, Holliman PJ, Jones DL. Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:7928-40. [PMID: 18406612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is in the interest of operators of anaerobic digestion plants to maximise methane production whilst concomitantly reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the digested material. Although the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion is not a new idea, commercial anaerobic digestion processes are often operated at well below their optimal performance due to a variety of factors. This paper reviews current optimisation techniques associated with anaerobic digestion and suggests possible areas where improvements could be made, including the basic design considerations of a single or multi-stage reactor configuration, the type, power and duration of the mixing regime and the retention of active microbial biomass within the reactor. Optimisation of environmental conditions within the digester such as temperature, pH, buffering capacity and fatty acid concentrations is also discussed. The methane-producing potential of various agriculturally sourced feedstocks has been examined, as has the advantages of co-digestion to improve carbon-to-nitrogen ratios and the use of pre-treatments and additives to improve hydrolysis rates or supplement essential nutrients which may be limiting. However, perhaps the greatest shortfall in biogas production is the lack of reliable sensory equipment to monitor key parameters and suitable, parallelised control systems to ensure that the process continually operates at optimal performance. Modern techniques such as software sensors and powerful, flexible controllers are capable of solving these problems. A direct comparison can be made here with, for instance, oil refineries where a more mature technology uses continuous in situ monitoring and associated feedback procedures to routinely deliver continuous, optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Wales - Bangor, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
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Effect of the enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of lipids-rich wastewater on the anaerobic biodigestion. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chipasa KB, Medrzycka K. Behavior of lipids in biological wastewater treatment processes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:635-45. [PMID: 16491352 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipids (characterized as oils, greases, fats and long-chain fatty acids) are important organic components of wastewater. Their amount, for example, in municipal wastewater is approximately 30-40% of the total chemical oxygen demand. The concern over the behavior of lipids in biological treatment systems has led to many studies, which have evaluated their removal, but still the exact behavior of lipids in these processes is not well understood. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of how lipids/fatty acids affect both aerobic and anaerobic processes and specific methods that have been used in an attempt to enhance their removal from wastewater. Overall, the literature shows that lipids/fatty acids are readily removed by biological treatment methods, inhibitory to microbial growth as well as the cause of foaming, growth of filamentous bacteria and floc flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Chipasa
- Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland.
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