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Lin F, Li F, Wang C, Wang J, Yang Y, Yang L, Li Y. Mechanism Exploration of Arylpiperazine Derivatives Targeting the 5-HT 2A Receptor by In Silico Methods. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071064. [PMID: 28672848 PMCID: PMC6152085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a G-protein coupled receptor, the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor is known for its critical role in the cognitive, behavioural and physiological functions, and thus is a primary molecular target to treat psychiatric diseases, including especially depression. With purpose to explore the structural traits affecting the inhibitory activity, currently a dataset of 109 arylpiperazine derivatives as promising 5-HT2A antagonists was built, based on which the ligand-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study by using both comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches was carried out. The resultant optimal CoMSIA model displays proper validity and predictability with cross-validated correlation coefficient Q² = 0.587, non-cross-validated correlation coefficient R²ncv = 0.900 and predicted correlation coefficient for the test set of compounds R²pre = 0.897, respectively. Besides, molecular docking was also conducted to investigate the binding mode between these ligands and the active site of the 5-HT2A receptor. Meanwhile, as a docking supplementary tool to study the antagonists' conformation in the binding cavity, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also performed, providing further elucidation about the changes in the ligand-receptor complex. Lastly, some new molecules were also newly-designed based on the above results that are potential arylpiperazine antagonists of 5-HT2A receptor. We hope that the present models and derived information may be of help for facilitating the optimization and design of novel potent antagonists as antidepressant drugs as well as exploring the interaction mechanism of 5-HT2A antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Henan Institute of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large class of transmembrane proteins that play critical roles in both normal physiology and pathophysiology. These critical roles offer targets for therapeutic intervention, as exemplified by the substantial fraction of current pharmaceutical agents that target members of this family. Tremendous contributions to our understanding of GPCR structure and dynamics have come from both indirect and direct structural characterization techniques. Key features of GPCR conformations derived from both types of characterization techniques are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L. Parrill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-901-678-2638; Fax: +1-901-678-3447
| | - Debra L. Bautista
- Christian Brothers High School, 5900 Walnut Grove Road, Memphis, TN 38120, USA; E-Mail: (D.L.B.)
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Shah JR, Mosier PD, Roth BL, Kellogg GE, Westkaemper RB. Synthesis, structure-affinity relationships, and modeling of AMDA analogs at 5-HT2A and H1 receptors: structural factors contributing to selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6496-504. [PMID: 19700330 PMCID: PMC3088504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H(1) and serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors present in the CNS have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. 9-Aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA), a conformationally constrained diarylalkyl amine derivative, has affinity for both of these receptors. A structure-affinity relationship (SAFIR) study was carried out studying the effects of N-methylation, varying the linker chain length and constraint of the aromatic rings on the binding affinities of the compounds with the 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors. Homology modeling of the 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors suggests that AMDA and its analogs, the parent of which is a 5-HT(2A) antagonist, can bind in a fashion analogous to that of classical H(1) antagonists whose ring systems are oriented toward the fifth and sixth transmembrane helices. The modeled orientation of the ligands are consistent with the reported site-directed mutagenesis data for 5-HT(2A) and H(1) receptors and provide a potential explanation for the selectivity of ligands acting at both receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh R. Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Philip D. Mosier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Glen E. Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Richard B. Westkaemper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
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Runyon SP, Mosier PD, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB. Potential modes of interaction of 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) derivatives with the 5-HT2A receptor: a ligand structure-affinity relationship, receptor mutagenesis and receptor modeling investigation. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6808-28. [PMID: 18847250 DOI: 10.1021/jm800771x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 3-position substitution of 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) on 5-HT 2A receptor affinity were determined and compared to a parallel series of DOB-like 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropanes substituted at the 4-position. The results were interpreted within the context of 5-HT 2A receptor models that suggest that members of the DOB-like series can bind to the receptor in two distinct modes that correlate with the compounds' functional activity. Automated ligand docking and molecular dynamics suggest that all of the AMDA derivatives, the parent of which is a 5-HT 2A antagonist, bind in a fashion analogous to that for the sterically demanding antagonist DOB-like compounds. The failure of the F340 (6.52)L mutation to adversely affect the affinity of AMDA and the 3-bromo derivative is consistent with the proposed modes of orientation. Evaluation of ligand-receptor complex models suggest that a valine/threonine exchange between the 5-HT 2A and D 2 receptors may be the origin of selectivity for AMDA and two substituted derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Runyon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Dewkar GK, Peddi S, Mosier PD, Roth BL, Westkaemper RB. Methoxy-substituted 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) derivatives exhibit differential binding affinities at the 5-HT(2A) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5268-71. [PMID: 18774714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of methoxy-substitution at the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-positions of 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) on h5-HT(2A) receptor affinity were determined. Racemic mixtures of these compounds were found to show the following affinity trend: 3-MeO > 4-MeO > 1-MeO approximately 2-MeO. Comparison of the effects of these substitutions, with the aid of computational molecular modeling techniques, suggest that the various positional and stereochemical isomers of the methoxy-substituted AMDA compounds interact differently with the h5-HT(2A) receptor. It is predicted that for the compounds with higher affinities, the methoxy oxygen atom is able to interact with hydrogen bond-donating sidechains within alternative h5-HT(2A) receptor binding sites, whereas the lower-affinity isomers lack this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan K Dewkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
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Ginawi OT, Al-Majed AA, Al-Suwailem AK. NAN-190, a possible specific antagonist for methamphetamine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 41:122-7. [PMID: 15698535 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effect of NAN-190, a selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, on methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity, anorexia, analgesia, and hyperthermia was investigated in male mice. Methamphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p) produced a significant increase in locomotor activity, which was significantly antagonized by NAN-190 at a dose of 4 mg/kg, i.p. NAN-190 did not alter the antinociceptive activity of mice when it was administered alone. Methamphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p) produced a significant decrease in food intake of mice, which were deprived of food during the previous 24h. This anorectic activity of methamphetamine was significantly antagonized by NAN-190 at a dose of 2 mg/kg, i.p. NAN-190 did not alter the food intake of mice when it was administered alone. Methamphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p) also produced a significant increase in body temperature of mice, which was significantly antagonized by NAN-190 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, i.p. NAN-190 did not alter the body temperature of mice when it was administered alone. In the writhing test, methamphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.p) produced a significant antinociceptive effect in mice. This was significantly antagonized by NAN-190 at a dose of 1 mg/kg, i.p. NAN-190 did not alter the antinociceptive activity of mice when it was administered alone. The results of the present study indicate a possible role for serotonergic mechanisms, in addition to the catecholaminergic systems, in the above-studied activities of methamphetamine in mice. This role is possibly mediated through direct stimulation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor subtype. All of the above-studied activities of methamphetamine were antagonized by NAN-190, which may indicate that NAN-190 is a possible antagonist for methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Ginawi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Peddi S, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB. Structural determinants for high 5-HT 2A receptor affinity of spiro[9,10-dihydroanthracene]-9,3 ′ -pyrrolidine (SpAMDA). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2279-83. [PMID: 15081025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and 5-HT(2A) receptor affinities of ring altered derivatives of spiro[9,10-dihydroanthracene]-9,3(')-pyrrolidine (4), a structurally unique tetracyclic 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, are described. The characteristics of the parent compound prove to be necessary for optimal 5-HT(2A) receptor affinity. However, expansion of the size of the pyrrolidine and central rings produce compounds with reasonably high 5-HT(2A) receptor affinities. In addition, the parent compound is shown to have high 5-HT(2) receptor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Peddi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Peddi S, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB. Ring substituted analogues of 5-aminomethyl-10,11-dihydro-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (AMDH): potential modes of binding to the 5-HT(2A) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2565-8. [PMID: 12852967 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and 5-HT(2A) receptor affinities of 2-substituted-5-aminomethyl-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (AMDH) derivatives are described. Comparison of the effects of substitution on affinities allowed assignment of potential binding modes in comparison with DOB-like agonists/antagonists and 3-substituted 1-(aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Peddi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Roth BL, Baner K, Westkaemper R, Siebert D, Rice KC, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Rothman RB. Salvinorin A: a potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous kappa opioid selective agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:11934-9. [PMID: 12192085 PMCID: PMC129372 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.182234399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia divinorum, whose main active ingredient is the neoclerodane diterpene Salvinorin A, is a hallucinogenic plant in the mint family that has been used in traditional spiritual practices for its psychoactive properties by the Mazatecs of Oaxaca, Mexico. More recently, S. divinorum extracts and Salvinorin A have become more widely used in the U.S. as legal hallucinogens. We discovered that Salvinorin A potently and selectively inhibited (3)H-bremazocine binding to cloned kappa opioid receptors. Salvinorin A had no significant activity against a battery of 50 receptors, transporters, and ion channels and showed a distinctive profile compared with the prototypic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide. Functional studies demonstrated that Salvinorin A is a potent kappa opioid agonist at cloned kappa opioid receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 cells and at native kappa opioid receptors expressed in guinea pig brain. Importantly, Salvinorin A had no actions at the 5-HT(2A) serotonin receptor, the principal molecular target responsible for the actions of classical hallucinogens. Salvinorin A thus represents, to our knowledge, the first naturally occurring nonnitrogenous opioid-receptor subtype-selective agonist. Because Salvinorin A is a psychotomimetic selective for kappa opioid receptors, kappa opioid-selective antagonists may represent novel psychotherapeutic compounds for diseases manifested by perceptual distortions (e.g., schizophrenia, dementia, and bipolar disorders). Additionally, these results suggest that kappa opioid receptors play a prominent role in the modulation of human perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Roth
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program and Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Runyon SP, Peddi S, Savage JE, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB. Geometry-affinity relationships of the selective serotonin receptor ligand 9-(aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1656-64. [PMID: 11931619 DOI: 10.1021/jm010354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the exception of its two aromatic rings and basic nitrogen atom, 9-(aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA; 1) is remarkably devoid of the pharmacophore features usually associated with high-affinity receptor ligands such as the heteroatom hydrogen bonding features of the endogenous ligand serotonin. AMDA does contain a phenylethylamine skeleton within a tricyclic ring system, and the presence of the second aromatic group is necessary for optimal receptor affinity. The structural requirements for the binding of AMDA at 5-HT(2A) receptors were investigated with respect to the geometric relationship between the two aromatic rings. It appears that the geometry of the AMDA parent is in the optimal range for fold angle between aromatic moieties. Evaluation of conformationally constrained derivatives of AMDA suggests that a chain extended trans, gauche form is most likely responsible for high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Runyon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Roth BL, Shapiro DA. Insights into the structure and function of 5-HT(2) family serotonin receptors reveal novel strategies for therapeutic target development. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2001; 5:685-695. [PMID: 12540278 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.5.6.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
5-HT(2) family serotonin receptors, principal sites of action of serotonin in the brain, represent major molecular targets for drugs used in treating a variety of diseases including schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, chronic pain conditions and obesity. The 5-HT(2) family of receptors has three members: 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C). Therefore, it is likely that subtype-selective compounds will be needed to avoid serious side effects and to enhance therapeutic indices. Unfortunately, recent insights into the structure and function of 5-HT(2A) receptors have revealed that structurally-diverse agonists and antagonists have distinct modes of interacting with 5-HT(2A) receptors, complicating efforts at structure-based drug-design. These distinct binding modes would not have been predicted based on conventional structure-activity relationships or static docking models. Fortunately, these complicated binding modes can be predicted and simulated using molecular dynamics, allowing for the possibility of structure-based drug design. Thus, provided appropriately sophisticated drug design strategies are employed, it is likely that uniquely valuable medications will result which could have great potential for treating a variety of mental and physical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Roth
- Departments of Biochemistry, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4935, USA.
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