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Riadi Y. UV Light Mediated Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Substituedpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1665554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Verma K, Tailor YK, Khandelwal S, Agarwal M, Rushell E, Kumari Y, Awasthi K, Kumar M. An efficient and environmentally sustainable domino protocol for the synthesis of structurally diverse spiroannulated pyrimidophenazines using erbium doped TiO 2 nanoparticles as a recyclable and reusable heterogeneous acid catalyst. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30430-30440. [PMID: 35546857 PMCID: PMC9085390 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally sustainable domino protocol has been presented for the synthesis of structurally diverse spiroannulated pyrimidophenazines involving a four component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, benzene-1,2-diamine, cyclic ketones and amino derivatives in the presence of erbium doped TiO2 nanoparticles as a recyclable and reusable heterogeneous acid catalyst. The present synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions with operational simplicity, excellent yield with high purity, short reaction time and high atom economy with the use of a recoverable and reusable environmentally sustainable heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | | | | | - Monu Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Esha Rushell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Yogita Kumari
- Soft Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India
| | - Kamlendra Awasthi
- Soft Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India
| | - Mahendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
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3
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Goldsmith CS, Kim SM, Karunarathna N, Neuendorff N, Toussaint LG, Earnest DJ, Bell-Pedersen D. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity leads to cell type-specific effects on the molecular circadian clock and time-dependent reduction of glioma cell invasiveness. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:43. [PMID: 29316898 PMCID: PMC5761097 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock is the basis for biological time keeping in eukaryotic organisms. The clock mechanism relies on biochemical signaling pathways to detect environmental stimuli and to regulate the expression of clock-controlled genes throughout the body. MAPK signaling pathways function in both circadian input and output pathways in mammals depending on the tissue; however, little is known about the role of p38 MAPK, an established tumor suppressor, in the mammalian circadian system. Increased expression and activity of p38 MAPK is correlated with poor prognosis in cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme; however, the toxicity of p38 MAPK inhibitors limits their clinical use. Here, we test if timed application of the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-745 reduces glioma cell invasive properties in vitro. METHODS The levels and rhythmic accumulation of active phosphorylated p38 MAPK in different cell lines were determined by western blots. Rhythmic luciferase activity from clock gene luciferase reporter cells lines was used to test the effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on clock properties as determined using the damped sine fit and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Nonlinear regression and Akaike's information criteria were used to establish rhythmicity. Boyden chamber assays were used to measure glioma cell invasiveness following time-of-day-specific treatment with VX-745. Significant differences were established using t-tests. RESULTS We demonstrate the activity of p38 MAPK cycles under control of the clock in mouse fibroblast and SCN cell lines. The levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK were significantly reduced in clock-deficient cells, indicating that the circadian clock plays an important role in activation of this pathway. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with VX-745 led to cell-type-specific period changes in the molecular clock. In addition, phosphorylated p38 MAPK levels were rhythmic in HA glial cells, and high and arrhythmic in invasive IM3 glioma cells. We show that inhibition of p38 MAPK activity in IM3 cells at the time of day when the levels are normally low in HA cells under control of the circadian clock, significantly reduced IM3 invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS Glioma treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitors may be more effective and less toxic if administered at the appropriate time of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Goldsmith
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Sam Moon Kim
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Nirmala Karunarathna
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Nichole Neuendorff
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M, Health Science Center, College of Medicine Bryan, Texas, TX, 77807-3260, USA
| | - L Gerard Toussaint
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M, Health Science Center, College of Medicine Bryan, Texas, TX, 77807-3260, USA
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M, Health Science Center, College of Medicine Bryan, Texas, TX, 77807-3260, USA. .,Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Deborah Bell-Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, Texas, 77843, USA. .,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA. .,Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843, USA.
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4
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of aminopyrazine derivatives as inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK-2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Riadi Y, Massip S, Leger JM, Jarry C, Lazar S, Guillaumet G. Convenient synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines via regioselective palladium-catalyzed reactions. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Fischer S, Koeberle SC, Laufer SA. p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, a patent review (2005 – 2011). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1843-66. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.636737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Bagley MC, Davis T, Dix MC, Fusillo V, Pigeaux M, Rokicki MJ, Kipling D. Microwave-Assisted Ullmann C−S Bond Formation: Synthesis of the P38α MAPK Clinical Candidate VX-745. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8336-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9017155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Bagley
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Terence Davis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - Matthew C. Dix
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Vincenzo Fusillo
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Morgane Pigeaux
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Michal J. Rokicki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - David Kipling
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
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8
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Lumeras W, Caturla F, Vidal L, Esteve C, Balagué C, Orellana A, Domínguez M, Roca R, Huerta JM, Godessart N, Vidal B. Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationships of Aminopyridine N-Oxides, a Novel Scaffold for the Potent and Selective Inhibition of p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5531-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9008604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramón Roca
- Department of Computational and Structural Drug Discovery
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9
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Lin S, Lombardo M, Malkani S, Hale JJ, Mills SG, Chapman K, Thompson JE, Zhang WX, Wang R, Cubbon RM, O'Neill EA, Luell S, Carballo-Jane E, Yang L. Novel 1-(2-aminopyrazin-3-yl)methyl-2-thioureas as potent inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK-2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3238-42. [PMID: 19423344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1-(2-aminopyrazin-3-yl)methyl-2-thioureas are described as inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK-2). These compounds demonstrate potent in vitro activity against the enzyme with IC(50) values as low as 15 nM, and suppress expression of TNFalpha in THP-1 cells and in vivo in an acute inflammation model in mice. The synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and biological evaluation of these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songnian Lin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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10
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Cheng J, Xu L, Stevens ED, Trudell ML, Izenwasser S, Wade D. Stereoselective synthesis of conformationally constrained tropane analogues: 6-Chloro-2,5-diazatetracyclo[8.5.0.02,13.04,9]pentadeca-4,6,8-triene-11-one and 6-chloro-2,7-diazatetracyclo-[8.5.0.02,13.04,9]pentadeca-4,6,8-triene-11-one. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Tikad A, Routier S, Akssira M, Guillaumet G. Efficient one-pot synthesis of 2,4-di(het)aryl and 2,4-diamino pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines involving regioselective SNAr and palladium-catalyzed reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:5113-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b913657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Rokosz LL, Beasley JR, Carroll CD, Lin T, Zhao J, Appell KC, Webb ML. Kinase inhibitors as drugs for chronic inflammatory and immunological diseases: progress and challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:883-903. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.7.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Zhou Y, Kijima T, Kuwahara S, Watanabe M, Izumi T. Synthesis of ethyl 5-cyano-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-nicotinate. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Synthesis and biological activity of quinolinone and dihydroquinolinone p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2222-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Tikad A, Routier S, Akssira M, Leger JM, Jarry C, Guillaumet G. New Efficient Route to Dissymmetric 2,4-Di(het)aryl-pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidines via Regioselective Cross-Coupling Reactions. Org Lett 2007; 9:4673-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol7014434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Tikad
- ICOA UMR 6005 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067, Orléans, France, LCBA Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, BP 146, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco, and EA 2962, Pharmacochimie, Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France
| | - Sylvain Routier
- ICOA UMR 6005 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067, Orléans, France, LCBA Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, BP 146, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco, and EA 2962, Pharmacochimie, Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- ICOA UMR 6005 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067, Orléans, France, LCBA Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, BP 146, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco, and EA 2962, Pharmacochimie, Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France
| | - Jean-Michel Leger
- ICOA UMR 6005 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067, Orléans, France, LCBA Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, BP 146, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco, and EA 2962, Pharmacochimie, Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France
| | - Christian Jarry
- ICOA UMR 6005 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067, Orléans, France, LCBA Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, BP 146, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco, and EA 2962, Pharmacochimie, Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- ICOA UMR 6005 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067, Orléans, France, LCBA Université Hassan II-Mohammedia, BP 146, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco, and EA 2962, Pharmacochimie, Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, France
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16
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Natarajan SR, Heller ST, Nam K, Singh SB, Scapin G, Patel S, Thompson JE, Fitzgerald CE, O'Keefe SJ. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 6: 2-Arylpyridazin-3-ones as templates for inhibitor design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5809-13. [PMID: 16945533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
p38 inhibitors based on 3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidazin-2-one template were synthesized and their SAR explored. Benchmark compounds 30, 35, and 36 were found to be potent against the enzyme. Crystal structure of p38 in complex with 30 indicated a key pi-stacking interaction with the pendant tyrosine residue-35 in the glycine-rich loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan R Natarajan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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17
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Natarajan SR, Liu L, Levorse M, Thompson JE, O'Neill EA, O'Keefe SJ, Vora KA, Cvetovich R, Chung JY, Carballo-Jane E, Visco DM. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 5: Discovery of an orally bio-available and highly efficacious compound based on the 7-amino-naphthyridone scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5468-71. [PMID: 16945534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new sub-class of p38 inhibitors represented by 7-amino-naphthyridone have been discovered. Benchmark compound 16 potently inhibited p38 in vitro, was functionally active, and displayed excellent pharmacokinetic profiles in two animal species. Compound 16 reduced inflammation in animal disease models at EC(50) doses as low as 0.2mpk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan R Natarajan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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18
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Natarajan SR, Wisnoski DD, Thompson JE, O'Neill EA, O'Keefe SJ. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 3: SAR on 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-ones and 3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4400-4. [PMID: 16750629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 05/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
p38 inhibitors based on 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one and 3,4-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one platforms were synthesized and preliminary SAR explored. Among the pyrimido-pyrimidones the emergence of two sub-types of analogs-C7-amino-pyrimidines such as 24 and C7-amino-piperidines such as 42-characterized with good p38 inhibition and better off-target profiles in terms of ion channel activities was significant. Representative compound 54 in the pyrido-pyrimidone class was found to be equipotent with corresponding analog in the quinazolinone series.
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19
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Lin TH, Metzger A, Diller DJ, Desai M, Henderson I, Ahmed G, Kimble EF, Quadros E, Webb ML. Discovery and characterization of triaminotriazine aniline amides as highly selective p38 kinase inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:495-502. [PMID: 16702443 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.097568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play important roles in cellular responses to inflammation and external stress. Inhibitors of the p38 MAP kinase have shown promise for potential treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, acute coronary syndrome, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. We identified a novel class of p38 inhibitors via high-throughput screening. PS200981 [3-(4-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-6-(((1S,2R,5S)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-yl)methylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-4-methylbenzamide], a representative compound identified from screening a collection of combinatorial libraries, amounting to 2.1 million compounds, inhibits p38alpha kinase and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha levels in cell media of human monocytes with IC50 values of 1 microM. The screening data revealed a preferred synthon, 3-amino-4-methyl benzamide, which is critical for the activity against p38. This synthon appeared almost exclusively in screening hits including PS200981, and slight variations of this synthon including 3-amino benzamide and 2-amino-4-methyl benzamide also contained in the library were inactive. PS200981 is equally potent against the alpha and beta forms of p38 but did not inhibit p38 gamma and is >25-fold selective versus a panel of other kinases. PS200981 inhibited the LPS-induced increase in TNFalpha levels when administered at 30 mg/kg to mice. Selectivity and in vivo activity of this class of p38 inhibitors was further demonstrated by PS166276 [(R)-3-(4-(isobutyl(methyl)-amino)-6-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-4-methylbenzamide], a highly structurally related but more potent and less cytotoxic inhibitor, in several intracellular signaling assays, and in LPS-challenged mice. Overall, this novel class of p38 inhibitors is potent, active in vitro and in vivo, and is highly selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung H Lin
- Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery Inc., P.O. Box 5350, Princeton, NJ 08543-5350, USA
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20
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Bao J, Hunt JA, Miao S, Rupprecht KM, Stelmach JE, Liu L, Ruzek RD, Sinclair PJ, Pivnichny JV, Hop CECA, Kumar S, Zaller DM, Shoop WL, O'neill EA, O'keefe SJ, Thompson CM, Cubbon RM, Wang R, Zhang WX, Thompson JE, Doherty JB. p38 MAP kinase inhibitors: Metabolically stabilized piperidine-substituted quinolinones and naphthyridinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:64-8. [PMID: 16242322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 09/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinones and naphthyridinones with C7 N-t-butyl piperidine substituents were found to be potent p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. These compounds significantly suppress TNF-alpha release in both cellular and LPS-stimulated whole blood assays. They also displayed excellent PK profiles across three animal species. Quinolinone at 10 mpk showed comparable oral efficacy to that of dexamethasone at 1 mpk in a murine collagen-induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Bao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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21
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Abstract
The recent successful introduction of the anti-cytokine biologicals Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Anakinra has stimulated the search for anti-cytokine small-molecules. A number of molecular targets have been identified for the development of such small molecular anti-cytokine agents. The focus of this review will be on those inhibitors of cytokine production, which target either p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), or IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE). P38 MAP kinase occupies a central role in the signaling network responsible for the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and TNF-alpha, and regulates their biosynthesis at both the transcriptional and translational level. TACE and ICE are two proteases required for the processing of proTNF-alpha and proIL-1beta, respectively into their mature, proinflammatory form. Since the mid-1990s, a plethora of inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, TACE, and ICE has been characterized in vitro, and individual representatives from all three inhibitor classes have in the meantime been advanced into clinical trials. This review will highlight the correlation between effective inhibition at the molecular target and cellular activity in functional assays of cytokine, particularly TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, production. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) will be discussed regarding activity at the respective enzyme target, but also with regard to properties required for efficient in vitro and in vivo cellular activity (e.g., oral availability, solubility, cell penetration, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Wagner
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, England
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22
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Dombroski MA, Letavic MA, McClure KF, Barberia JT, Carty TJ, Cortina SR, Csiki C, Dipesa AJ, Elliott NC, Gabel CA, Jordan CK, Labasi JM, Martin WH, Peese KM, Stock IA, Svensson L, Sweeney FJ, Yu CH. Benzimidazolone p38 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:919-23. [PMID: 15012994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Revised: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro p38 alpha activity of a novel series of benzimidazolone inhibitors is described. The p38 alpha SAR is consistent with a mode of binding wherein the benzimidazolone carbonyl serves as the H-bond acceptor to Met109 of p38 alpha in a manner analogous to the pyridine nitrogen of prototypical pyridylimidazole p38 inhibitors. Potent p38 alpha activity comparable to that of several previously reported p38 inhibitors is observed for this novel chemotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Dombroski
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Patel SB, Cameron PM, Frantz-Wattley B, O'Neill E, Becker JW, Scapin G. Lattice stabilization and enhanced diffraction in human p38α crystals by protein engineering. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1696:67-73. [PMID: 14726206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p38 alpha is activated in response to environmental stress and cytokines, and plays a significant role in inflammatory responses. For these reasons, it is an important target for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The crystals of p38 alpha that we obtained by published procedures were usually small, quite mosaic, and difficult to reproduce and thus posed a difficulty for the intensive high-resolution studies required for a structure-guided drug discovery approach. Based on crystallographic and biochemical evidences, we prepared a single point mutation of a surface cysteine (C162S) and found that it prevents aggregation and improves the homogeneity and stability of the enzyme. This mutation also facilitates the crystallization process and increases the diffracting power of p38 alpha crystals. Surprisingly, we found that the mutation induces a change in the conformation of a nearby surface loop resulting in stronger lattice interactions, consistent with the improved crystal quality. The mutant protein, because of its improved stability and strengthened lattice interactions, thus provides a significantly improved reagent for use in structure-based drug design for this important disease target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita B Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, PO Box 2000 RY50-105, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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24
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Schlapbach A, Heng R, Di Padova F. A novel Pd-catalyzed cyclization reaction of ureas for the synthesis of dihydroquinazolinone p38 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:357-60. [PMID: 14698158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent p38 inhibitors based on the dihydroquinazoline scaffold was synthesized using a novel Pd-catalyzed cyclization reaction of aryl-benzyl ureas. Optimization of this compound class led to compound 20, which inhibits p38alpha in vitro with IC(50)=14 nM and is active in the mouse TNFalpha-release model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schlapbach
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Arthritis and Bone Metabolism, Lichtstrasse, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Liu L, Stelmach JE, Natarajan SR, Chen MH, Singh SB, Schwartz CD, Fitzgerald CE, O'Keefe SJ, Zaller DM, Schmatz DM, Doherty JB. SAR of 3,4-Dihydropyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidone p38 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3979-82. [PMID: 14592489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development for a class of potent 3,4-dihydropyrido(3,2-d)pyrimidone inhibitors of p38a MAP kinase is described. Modification of N-1 aryl and C-6 arylsulfide in 3,4-dihydropyrido(3,2-d)pyrimidone analogues for the interaction with the hydrophobic pockets in p38 active site is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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26
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Fitzgerald CE, Patel SB, Becker JW, Cameron PM, Zaller D, Pikounis VB, O'Keefe SJ, Scapin G. Structural basis for p38alpha MAP kinase quinazolinone and pyridol-pyrimidine inhibitor specificity. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2003; 10:764-9. [PMID: 12897767 DOI: 10.1038/nsb949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2003] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The quinazolinone and pyridol-pyrimidine classes of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors have a previously unseen degree of specificity for p38 over other MAP kinases. Comparison of the crystal structures of p38 bound to four different compounds shows that binding of the more specific molecules is characterized by a peptide flip between Met109 and Gly110. Gly110 is a residue specific to the alpha, beta and gamma isoforms of p38. The delta isoform and the other MAP kinases have bulkier residues in this position. These residues would likely make the peptide flip energetically unfavorable, thus explaining the selectivity of binding. To test this hypothesis, we constructed G110A and G110D mutants of p38 and measured the potency of several compounds against them. The results confirm that the selectivity of quinazolinones and pyridol-pyrimidines results from the presence of a glycine in position 110. This unique mode of binding may be exploited in the design of new p38 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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27
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Stelmach JE, Liu L, Patel SB, Pivnichny JV, Scapin G, Singh S, Hop CECA, Wang Z, Strauss JR, Cameron PM, Nichols EA, O'Keefe SJ, O'Neill EA, Schmatz DM, Schwartz CD, Thompson CM, Zaller DM, Doherty JB. Design and synthesis of potent, orally bioavailable dihydroquinazolinone inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:277-80. [PMID: 12482439 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of potent, orally bioavailable (in rat) and selective dihydroquinazolinone inhibitors of p38alpha MAP kinase is described. These analogues are hybrids of a pyridinylimidazole p38alpha inhibitor reported by Merck Research Laboratories and VX-745. Optimization of the C-5 phenyl and the C-7 piperidinyl substituents led to the identification of 15i which gave excellent suppression of TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated whole blood (IC(50)=10nM) and good oral exposure in rats (F=68%, AUCn PO=0.58 microM h).
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Stelmach
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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