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Withey SL, Doyle MR, Bergman J, Desai RI. Involvement of Nicotinic Receptor Subtypes in the Behavioral Effects of Nicotinic Drugs in Squirrel Monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:397-409. [PMID: 29784663 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the α4β2, but not the α7, subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in mediating the behavioral effects of nicotine and related drugs. However, the importance of other nAChR subtypes remains unclear. The present studies were conducted to examine the involvement of nAChR subtypes by determining the effects of selected nicotinic agonists and antagonists in squirrel monkeys either 1) responding for food reinforcement or 2) discriminating the nicotinic agonist (+)-epibatidine (0.001 mg/kg) from vehicle. In food-reinforcement studies, nicotine, (+)-epibatidine, varenicline and cytisine all produced dose-dependent decreases in rates of food-maintained responding. The rate-decreasing effects of nicotine were antagonized by mecamylamine (nonselective), not appreciably altered by dihydro-β-erythroidine (α4β2 selective), and exacerbated by the nicotinic partial agonists, varenicline and cytisine. Results from discrimination studies show that non-nicotinic drugs did not substitute for (+)-epibatidine, and that except for lobeline, the nicotinic agonists produced either full [(+)-epibatidine, (-)-epibatidine, and nicotine] or partial (varenicline, cytisine, anabaseine, and isoarecolone) substitution for (+)-epibatidine. In interaction studies with antagonists differing in selectivity, (+)-epibatidine discrimination was substantively antagonized by mecamylamine, slightly attenuated by hexamethonium (peripherally restricted) or dihydro-β-erythroidine, and not altered by methyllycaconitine (α7 selective). Varenicline and cytisine enhanced (+)-epibatidine's discriminative-stimulus effects. Correlational analysis revealed a close correspondence between relative behavioral potencies of nicotinic agonists in both studies and their published relative binding affinities at α4β2 and α3β4, but not α7 nAChR, subtypes. Collectively, these results are consistent with the idea that the α4β2 and α3β4, but not α7 nAChR subtypes play a role in the behavioral effects of nicotinic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Withey
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle R Doyle
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Bergman
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Rajeev I Desai
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
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Desai RI, Doyle MR, Withey SL, Bergman J. Nicotinic effects of tobacco smoke constituents in nonhuman primates. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1779-89. [PMID: 26892379 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent studies in rodents suggest that non-nicotine constituents of tobacco smoke (e.g., minor tobacco alkaloids) may promote tobacco consumption-either through their own pharmacological effects or by augmenting the effects of nicotine. However, there is scant information on the behavioral pharmacology of minor tobacco alkaloids in primate species. OBJECTIVE The present studies were conducted to determine whether the minor tobacco alkaloids nornicotine, anabasine, anatabine, myosmine, and cotinine exhibit nicotine-like behavioral effects in squirrel monkeys. METHODS Initial experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nicotine (0.032-1.0 mg/kg) and the minor tobacco alkaloids nornicotine (1-1.8 mg/kg), anabasine (0.1-1.0 mg/kg), anatabine (10-32 mg/kg), myosmine (0.32-1.8 mg/kg), and cotinine (10-180 mg/kg) on food-maintained performance (n = 4). Next, the ability of tobacco alkaloids to substitute for the α4β2-selective nicotinic agonist (+)-epibatidine in drug discrimination experiments was evaluated in a separate group of monkeys (n = 4). RESULTS Results show that nicotine and each minor tobacco alkaloid except cotinine (a) produced dose-related decreases in food-maintained responding; (b) substituted for (+)-epibatidine and, in additional experiments, produced additive effects when combined with nicotine; (c) induced emesis or tremor at doses that reduced food-maintained responding and had (+)-epibatidine-like discriminative-stimulus effects; and (d) based on correlation with reported receptor binding affinities, likely produced their behavioral effects through α4β2 receptor mechanisms. CONCLUSION Selected minor tobacco alkaloids have nicotinic-like effects that may contribute to tobacco consumption and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev I Desai
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Michelle R Doyle
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Sarah L Withey
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jack Bergman
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Yang F, Zhang Z, Dang Q, Bai X. Substituent-directed reduction of cyclic aminals leading to two different heterocycles selectively: syntheses of functionalized nicotines and pyrido[2,3-b]azepines. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shu C, Li L, Yu YF, Jiang S, Ye LW. Gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of chiral homopropargyl sulfonamides: a reliable access to enantioenriched pyrrolidin-3-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2522-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of chiral homopropargyl sulfonamides has been developed, which provides a reliable access to synthetically useful chiral pyrrolidin-3-ones with excellent ee by combining the chiral tert-butylsulfinimine chemistry and gold catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, PR China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, PR China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, PR China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, PR China
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Shu C, Liu MQ, Wang SS, Li L, Ye LW. Gold-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Chiral Homopropargyl Amides: Synthesis of Enantioenriched γ-Lactams. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3292-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400127x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Meng-Qi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, PR China
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Chellappan SK, Xiao Y, Tueckmantel W, Kellar KJ, Kozikowski AP. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 9- and 10-substituted cytisine derivatives. Nicotinic ligands of enhanced subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2673-6. [PMID: 16640326 PMCID: PMC2504867 DOI: 10.1021/jm051196m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and pharmacological properties of several cytisine derivatives. Among them, two 10-substituted derivatives showed much higher selectivities for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype in binding assays than cytisine. The 9-vinyl derivative was found to have a very similar agonist activity profile to that of cytisine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela K Chellappan
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Daly JW. Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2005; 25:513-52. [PMID: 16075378 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-005-3968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents. 2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources. 3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Daly
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Wei ZL, Xiao Y, Yuan H, Baydyuk M, Petukhov PA, Musachio JL, Kellar KJ, Kozikowski AP. Novel pyridyl ring C5 substituted analogues of epibatidine and 3-(1-methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine (A-84543) as highly selective agents for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing beta2 subunits. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1721-4. [PMID: 15771418 DOI: 10.1021/jm0492406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a hydrophobic or hydrogen-bonding alkynyl group into the C5 position of the pyridyl ring of epibatidine and A-84543 significantly increased the selectivity for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing beta2 subunits over nAChRs containing beta4 subunits (K(i) ratio up to 92000-fold). Our data indicate that the extracellular domains of the nAChRs are sufficiently different to allow for the design of novel ligands with high affinity and selectivity for the nAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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An efficient route to 6-(het)aryl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ones as potential nAChRs ligands. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Karig G, Large JM, Sharples CGV, Sutherland A, Gallagher T, Wonnacott S. Synthesis and nicotinic binding of novel phenyl derivatives of UB-165. Identifying factors associated with alpha7 selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:2825-8. [PMID: 14611837 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four racemic phenyl-substituted analogues 3-6 of the potent nicotinic agonist UB-165 1 have been synthesised and evaluated against the alpha(4)beta(2), alpha(3)beta(4), and alpha(7) neuronal nicotinic receptors. The 2'-phenyl derivative 3 shows no activity at these major receptor subtypes, while the 4'-phenyl analogue 4 shows an enhanced level of alpha(7) selectivity as compared to UB-165 and deschloro UB-165 2. These results are discussed within the context of recent pharmacophore models.
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Glennon RA. 2. Medicinal chemistry of alpha4beta2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004; 42:55-123. [PMID: 15003719 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(04)42002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 581 MCV Station, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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