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Mirzaie S, Abdi F, GhavamiNejad A, Lu B, Wu XY. Covalent Antiviral Agents. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:285-312. [PMID: 34258745 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, many viral infections have emerged and are taking a huge toll on human lives globally. Meanwhile, viral resistance to current drugs has drastically increased. Hence, there is a pressing need to design potent broad-spectrum antiviral agents to treat a variety of viral infections and overcome viral resistance. Covalent inhibitors have the potential to achieve both goals owing to their biochemical efficiency, prolonged duration of action, and the capability to inhibit shallow, solvent-exposed substrate-binding domains. In this chapter, we review the structures, activities, and inhibition mechanisms of covalent inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, dengue virus, enterovirus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and influenza viruses. We also discuss the application of in silico study in covalent inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sako Mirzaie
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ghiasi T, Ahmadi S, Ahmadi E, Talei Bavil Olyai MR, Khodadadi Z. The index of ideality of correlation: QSAR studies of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitors using SMILES descriptors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:495-520. [PMID: 34074200 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1925344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Robust and reliable QSAR models were developed to predict half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitors from the Monte Carlo technique. 524 HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors were extracted from the scientific literature to create a reasonably large set. The models were developed using CORAL software by using two target functions namely target function 1 (TF1) without applying the index of ideality of correlation (IIC) and target function 2 (TF2) that uses IIC. The constructed models based on TF2 were statistically more significant and robust than the models based on TF1. The determination coefficients (r2) of training and test sets were 0.86 and 0.88 for the best split based on TF2. The promoters of the increase/decrease of activity were also extracted and interpreted in detail. The model interpretation results explain the role of different structural attributes in predicting the pIC50 values of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitors. Based on the mechanistic model interpretation results, eight new compounds were designed and their pIC50 values were predicted based on the average prediction of ten models.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ghiasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M R Talei Bavil Olyai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Khodadadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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In Silico Screening for Potent Anti-HCV Compounds with Inhibitory Activities Toward the NS3/4A Protease. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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QSAR studies of the bioactivity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitors by multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2931-2938. [PMID: 28501513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models using various descriptor sets and training/test set selection methods were explored to predict the bioactivity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitors by using a multiple linear regression (MLR) and a support vector machine (SVM) method. 512 HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors and their IC50 values which were determined by the same FRET assay were collected from the reported literature to build a dataset. All the inhibitors were represented with selected nine global and 12 2D property-weighted autocorrelation descriptors calculated from the program CORINA Symphony. The dataset was divided into a training set and a test set by a random and a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM) method. The correlation coefficients (r2) of training sets and test sets were 0.75 and 0.72 for the best MLR model, 0.87 and 0.85 for the best SVM model, respectively. In addition, a series of sub-dataset models were also developed. The performances of all the best sub-dataset models were better than those of the whole dataset models. We believe that the combination of the best sub- and whole dataset SVM models can be used as reliable lead designing tools for new NS3/4A protease inhibitors scaffolds in a drug discovery pipeline.
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Belfrage AK, Gising J, Svensson F, Åkerblom E, Sköld C, Sandström A. Efficient and Selective Palladium-Catalysed C-3 Urea Couplings to 3,5-Dichloro-2(1H)-pyrazinones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gising J, Belfrage AK, Alogheli H, Ehrenberg A, Åkerblom E, Svensson R, Artursson P, Karlén A, Danielson UH, Larhed M, Sandström A. Achiral pyrazinone-based inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease and drug-resistant variants with elongated substituents directed toward the S2 pocket. J Med Chem 2013; 57:1790-801. [PMID: 23517538 DOI: 10.1021/jm301887f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the design, synthesis, inhibitory potency, and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel class of achiral peptidomimetic HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. The compounds are based on a dipeptidomimetic pyrazinone glycine P3P2 building block in combination with an aromatic acyl sulfonamide in the P1P1' position. Structure-activity relationship data and molecular modeling support occupancy of the S2 pocket from elongated R(6) substituents on the 2(1H)-pyrazinone core and several inhibitors with improved inhibitory potency down to Ki = 0.11 μM were identified. A major goal with the design was to produce inhibitors structurally dissimilar to the di- and tripeptide-based HCV protease inhibitors in advanced stages of development for which cross-resistance might be an issue. Therefore, the retained and improved inhibitory potency against the drug-resistant variants A156T, D168V, and R155K further strengthen the potential of this class of inhibitors. A number of the inhibitors were tested in in vitro preclinical profiling assays to evaluate their apparent pharmacokinetic properties. The various R(6) substituents were found to have a major influence on solubility, metabolic stability, and cell permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gising
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Design and synthesis of bicyclic pyrazinone and pyrimidinone amides as potent TF–FVIIa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1604-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smoum R, Rubinstein A, Dembitsky VM, Srebnik M. Boron containing compounds as protease inhibitors. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4156-220. [PMID: 22519511 DOI: 10.1021/cr608202m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Smoum
- The School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Gembus V, Janvier S, Lecouvé JP, Vaysse-Ludot L, Brière JF, Levacher V. Concise synthesis of an enantiopure bicyclic pyrazinone as constrained peptidomimetic building block. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2003-7. [PMID: 22302309 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthetic route has been developed for the preparation of a constrained peptidomimetic pyrazinone building block. From hydroxy-L-lysine, the desired pyrazinone is obtained in 43% overall yield (6 steps) via an efficient deprotection-double cyclization sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gembus
- CNRS UMR COBRA, INSA et Université de Rouen, FR 3038, Institut de Recherche en Chimie Organique Fine, Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
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Loughlin WA, Tyndall JDA, Glenn MP, Hill TA, Fairlie DP. Update 1 of: Beta-Strand Mimetics. Chem Rev 2011; 110:PR32-69. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900395y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A. Loughlin
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Joel D. A. Tyndall
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Matthew P. Glenn
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - David P. Fairlie
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
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Örtqvist P, Gising J, Ehrenberg AE, Vema A, Borg A, Karlén A, Larhed M, Danielson UH, Sandström A. Discovery of achiral inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease based on 2(1H)-pyrazinones. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6512-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Li X, Zhang YK, Liu Y, Ding CZ, Zhou Y, Li Q, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Zhang S, Kazmierski WM, Wright LL, Smith GK, Grimes RM, Crosby RM, Creech KL, Carballo LH, Slater MJ, Jarvest RL, Thommes P, Hubbard JA, Convery MA, Nassau PM, McDowell W, Skarzynski TJ, Qian X, Fan D, Liao L, Ni ZJ, Pennicott LE, Zou W, Wright J. Novel macrocyclic HCV NS3 protease inhibitors derived from α-amino cyclic boronates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5695-700. [PMID: 20801653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of P2-P4 macrocyclic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors with α-amino cyclic boronates as warheads at the P1 site was designed and synthesized. When compared to their linear analogs, these macrocyclic inhibitors exhibited a remarkable improvement in cell-based replicon activities, with compounds 9a and 9e reaching sub-micromolar potency in replicon assay. The SAR around α-amino cyclic boronates clearly established the influence of ring size, chirality and of the substitution pattern. Furthermore, X-ray structure of the co-crystal of inhibitor 9a and NS3 protease revealed that Ser-139 in the enzyme active site traps boron in the warhead region of 9a, thus establishing its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Li
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1020 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
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Li X, Zhang YK, Liu Y, Ding CZ, Li Q, Zhou Y, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Qian X, Fan D, Liao L, Ni ZJ, White GV, Mordaunt JE, Lazarides LX, Slater MJ, Jarvest RL, Thommes P, Ellis M, Edge CM, Hubbard JA, Somers D, Rowland P, Nassau P, McDowell B, Skarzynski TJ, Kazmierski WM, Grimes RM, Wright LL, Smith GK, Zou W, Wright J, Pennicott LE. Synthesis and evaluation of novel α-amino cyclic boronates as inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3550-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gembus V, Janvier S, Lecouvé JP, Gloanec P, Marsais F, Levacher V. Novel Approach for the Synthesis of Five-Membered-Ring-Fused Pyrazinones. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gising J, Örtqvist P, Sandström A, Larhed M. A straightforward microwave method for rapid synthesis of N-1, C-6 functionalized 3,5-dichloro-2(1H)-pyrazinones. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2809-15. [DOI: 10.1039/b905501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wei HY, Lu CS, Lin TH. Exploring the P2 and P3 ligand binding features for hepatitis C virus NS3 protease using some 3D QSAR techniques. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:1131-44. [PMID: 18024210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models have been constructed using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), and catalyst pharmacophore feature building programs for a series of 26 truncated ketoacid inhibitors designed particularly for exploring the P2 and P3 binding pockets of HCV NS3 protease. The structures of these inhibitors were built from a structure template extracted from the crystal structure of HCV NS3 protease. The structures were aligned through docking each inhibitor into the NS3 active site using program GOLD. The best CoMSIA model was identified from the stepwise analysis results and the corresponding pharmacophore features derived were used for constructing a pharmacophore hypothesis by the catalyst program. Pharmacophore features obtained by CoMFA and CoMSIA are found to be in accord with each other and are both mapped onto the molecular 5K surface of NS3 active site. These pharmacophore features were also compared with those obtained by the catalyst program and mapped onto the same NS3 molecular surface. The pharmacophore building process was also performed for 20 boronic acid based NS3 inhibitors characterized by a long hydrophobic side chain attached at position P2. This latter pharmacophore hypothesis built by the catalyst program was also mapped onto the molecular surface of NS3 active site to define a second hydrophobic feature at position P2. The possibility of using the pharmacophore features mapped P2 and P3 binding pocket to design more potent depeptidized NS3 inhibitors was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yuan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Sudo K, Yamaji K, Kawamura K, Nishijima T, Kojima N, Aibe K, Shimotohno K, Shimizu Y. High-throughput screening of low molecular weight NS3-NS4A protease inhibitors using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate. Antivir Chem Chemother 2006; 16:385-92. [PMID: 16329285 DOI: 10.1177/095632020501600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-NS4A protease is an attractive target for anti-HCV agents because of its important role in replication. An optimized fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate for NS3-NS4A protease, based on the sequence of the NS5A-5B cleavage site, was designed and synthesized. High-throughput screening of in-house compound libraries was performed using a FRET substrate FS10 (MOCAcDKIVPC-SMSYK-Dnp) and MBP-NS3-NS4A fusion protein. Several hit compounds were found, including YZ-9577 (2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl) bis (phenylmethanone) with potent inhibitory activity (IC50=1.6 microM) and good selectivity against other human serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sudo
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Kaval N, Appukkuttan P, Van der Eycken E. The Chemistry of 2-(1H)-Pyrazinones in Solution and on Solid Support. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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White PW, Llinas-Brunet M, Bös M. Blunting the Swiss army knife of hepatitis C virus: inhibitors of NS3/4A protease. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:65-107. [PMID: 16697895 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Malancona S, Colarusso S, Ontoria JM, Marchetti A, Poma M, Stansfield I, Laufer R, Di Marco A, Taliani M, Verdirame M, Gonzalez-Paz O, Matassa VG, Narjes F. SAR and pharmacokinetic studies on phenethylamide inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3/NS4A serine protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:4575-9. [PMID: 15357995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/21/2004] [Accepted: 05/27/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SAR on the phenethylamide 1 (Ki 1.2 microM) in the P2- and the P'-position led to potent inhibitors, one of which showed good exposure and low clearance when administered intramuscularly to rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savina Malancona
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, Merck Research Laboratories, Via Pontina Km 30.600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Loughlin
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Portal-Núñez S, González-Navarro CJ, García-Delgado M, Vizmanos JL, Lasarte JJ, Borrás-Cuesta F. Peptide inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. Antivir Chem Chemother 2004; 14:225-33. [PMID: 14694985 DOI: 10.1177/095632020301400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly prevalent virus and one of the major agents of chronic hepatitis. Since HCV NS3 protease is essential for the processing of HCV polyprotein, this protease is a target of choice to control HCV replication. Peptide inhibitors of NS3 were developed by selective amino acid replacement of six leader sequences, corresponding to regions of HCV polyprotein that are cleaved by NS3. The large numbers of potential 14-mer and 16-mer peptide inhibitors thus obtained were tested against NS3 using the fluorescent probe RETS1 and peptide cofactor SVVIVGRIILSGRA from NS4A protein. This afforded several peptide inhibitors with an IC50 of around 2 microM. These peptides may be good leading compounds for the development of peptidomimetics to control HCV replication in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Meanwell NA, Serrano-Wu MH, Snyder LB. Chapter 22. Non-HIV antiviral agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004; 38:213-228. [PMID: 32287463 PMCID: PMC7126470 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(03)38023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on non-HIV antiviral agents. The development of antiviral agents to treat non-HIV infections is largely focused on therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis infections B and C. Nucleoside analog continue to be the mainstay of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) therapeutics. The first small molecule inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the NS3 protease inhibitor BILN-2061, entered phase 2 clinical trials, producing a striking reduction in viral load in treated individuals. The development of the HCV replicon system and its application to screening for antiviral agents provided tangible benefit with the disclosure of mechanistically and structurally diverse HCV inhibitors. Adefovir dipivoxil has been approved in the United States and the European Union for the treatment of HBV, providing a second small molecule antiviral to add to lamivudine (3TC) and the injectable protein IFNα as the only approved agents for treating HBV infection. The chapter also provides details of the inhibitors of hepatitis B and C virus, the inhibitors of simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus, the inhibitors of respiratory viruses and the inhibitors of West Nile virus and Papilloma virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Michael H Serrano-Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Lawrence B Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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