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The Use of Zidovudine Pharmacophore in Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for AIDS Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238502. [PMID: 36500608 PMCID: PMC9738661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of polypharmacology embraces multiple drugs combined in a therapeutic regimen (drug combination or cocktail), fixed dose combinations (FDCs), and a single drug that binds to different targets (multi-target drug). A polypharmacology approach is widely applied in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), providing life-saving therapies for millions of people living with HIV. Despite the success in viral load suppression and patient survival of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the development of new drugs has become imperative, owing to the emergence of resistant strains and poor adherence to cART. 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, also known as azidothymidine or zidovudine (AZT), is a widely applied starting scaffold in the search for new compounds, due to its good antiretroviral activity. Through the medicinal chemistry tool of molecular hybridization, AZT has been included in the structure of several compounds allowing for the development of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) as antiretrovirals. This review aims to systematically explore and critically discuss AZT-based compounds as potential MTDLs for the treatment of AIDS. The review findings allowed us to conclude that: (i) AZT hybrids are still worth exploring, as they may provide highly active compounds targeting different steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle; (ii) AZT is a good starting point for the preparation of co-drugs with enhanced cell permeability.
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2
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de Castro S, Camarasa MJ. Polypharmacology in HIV inhibition: can a drug with simultaneous action against two relevant targets be an alternative to combination therapy? Eur J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29529501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection still has a serious health and socio-economical impact and is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. HIV infection and the AIDS pandemic are still matters of great concern, especially in less developed countries where the access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is limited. Patient compliance is another serious drawback. Nowadays, HAART is the treatment of choice although it is not the panacea. Despite the fact that it suppresses viral replication at undetectable viral loads and prevents progression of HIV infection into AIDS HAART has several pitfalls, namely, long-term side-effects, drug resistance development, emergence of drug-resistant viruses, low compliance and the intolerance of some patients to these drugs. Moreover, another serious health concern is the event of co-infection with more than one pathogen at the same time (e.g. HIV and HCV, HBV, herpes viruses, etc). Currently, the multi-target drug approach has become an exciting strategy to address complex diseases and overcome drug resistance development. Such multifunctional molecules combine in their structure pharmacophores that may simultaneously interfere with multiple targets and their use may eventually be more safe and efficacious than that involving a mixture of separate molecules because of avoidance or delay of drug resistance, lower incidence of unwanted drug-drug interactions and improved compliance. In this review we focus on multifunctional molecules with dual activity against different targets of the HIV life cycle or able to block replication, not only of HIV but also of other viruses that are often co-pathogens of HIV. The different approaches are documented by selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia de Castro
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC) Juan de La Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC) Juan de La Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Zaprutko L. Recent advances in synthesis and biological activity of triterpenic acylated oximes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:203-231. [PMID: 25859175 PMCID: PMC4379416 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades more and more attention has been paid to triterpenes-a group of compounds with five- or four-ring skeleton and carboxyl, hydroxyl or oxo groups. Triterpenes with unsubstituted C-3 hydroxyl group can be easily transformed into appropriate ketones and then into oximes. The carbonyl group can be created not only from the hydroxyl group at C-3 position, but also at C-2, C-12 or C-28 positions. Several methods of creation of two = NOH groups within one molecule of triterpene are known. There are also known triterpenes with two carbonyl groups, e.g. at C-3 and C-11 positions, which differ in reactivity: among them only C-3 group can be transformed into oxime. A reactive hydroxyimine group can undergo the action of acylating agents, such as carboxylic acids or their derivatives, also the ones with significant pharmacological activity. Acyl derivatives of triterpenic oximes exhibit important pharmacological activity. The biological tests performed with the use of cell cultures inoculated with viruses showed inhibitory activity of some triterpenic acyloximes against type 1 HSV (H7N1), ECHO-6 and HIV-1 viruses. Another acylated oximes derived from triterpenes shown cytotoxic or antiproliferative activity against many lines of cancer cells. In many cases the pharmacological effects of the tested acyloxyiminotriterpenes were comparable to those of appropriate standard drugs. One of the newest application of acyl derivatives of triterpenic oximes is their ability to form organogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. No. 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. No. 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Ester Derivatives of Nucleoside Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase: 2. Molecular Systems for the Combined Therapy with 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-Deoxythymidine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11171-005-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Ma CM, Nakamura N, Hattori M, Kawahata T, Otake T. Inhibitory effects of triterpene-azidothymidine conjugates on proliferation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its protease. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:877-80. [PMID: 12045355 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The conjugates of some dicarboxylic acid hemiesters of triterpenes which show potent inhibition against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV-1 PR) with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor azidothymidine (AZT) or anti-HIV alkaloid FK 3000 were prepared, and their inhibitory activities were investigated against HIV-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) and HIV-1 PR. Most of the triterpene-AZT conjugates showed potent anti-HIV activity as well as moderate to potent PR inhibitory activity, though AZT itself showed no PR inhibitory activity at all. However, the triterpene-FK 3000 conjugates showed neither PR inhibitory activity nor anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Mei Ma
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan
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6
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Vlieghe P, Clerc T, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Salles JP, Kraus JL. Synthesis of new covalently bound kappa-carrageenan-AZT conjugates with improved anti-HIV activities. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1275-83. [PMID: 11881996 DOI: 10.1021/jm010969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the first covalent synthesis of kappa-carrageenan-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) conjugates. A succinate diester spacer was used to covalently couple AZT onto kappa-carrageenan, resulting in a tripartite prodrug. Two methods (UV and radioactive counting) are described and validated to determine the AZT loading onto the kappa-carrageenan carrier. This polymeric carrier, through its own intrinsic anti-HIV activity, is expected to act not only as a drug delivery agent but also as an anti-HIV agent. Synergism between the two drugs (kappa-carrageenan and AZT) was demonstrated when MT-4 cells were preincubated with the kappa-carrageenan-AZT conjugate prior to HIV-1-infection. A threshold of AZT loaded onto the kappa-carrageenan was required to achieve this synergistic effect. Such kappa-carrageenan-AZT conjugates could be of great therapeutic interest because these conjugates, which contain a low AZT concentration, present improved anti-HIV activities relative to free AZT. Moreover, kappa-carrageenan is a well-tolerated biopolymer, already used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vlieghe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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7
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Vlieghe P, Clerc T, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Salles JP, Kraus JL. New 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidin-5'-yl O-(4-hydroxyalkyl or -alkenyl or -alkylepoxide) carbonate prodrugs: synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3014-21. [PMID: 11520210 DOI: 10.1021/jm010863i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New 5'-O-carbonate prodrugs of zidovudine (AZT) have been synthesized in order to enhance its uptake by HIV-1 infected cells, to improve its anti-HIV potency, and to optimize the intramolecular cyclic rearrangement process related to the 5'-O-(4-hydroxybutyl) carbonate moiety. Evidence of this prodrug rearrangement was confirmed by comparison of the serum half-lives of the 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidin-5'-yl O-(4-hydroxyalkyl or -alkenyl or -alkylepoxide) carbonate prodrugs with our thermodynamic predictions. Interestingly, these 5'-O-carbonate prodrug series show increased anti-HIV potencies in conjunction with, or without, reduced cytotoxicity as compared to AZT that lead to a gain in selectivity indexes. The cytotoxicity of AZT could be reduced with these 5'-O-carbonate prodrug series by delaying the 5'-O-glucuronidation of AZT, which is one of the major limitations of AZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vlieghe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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8
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Tamamura H, Omagari A, Hiramatsu K, Kanamoto T, Gotoh K, Kanbara K, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H, Otaka A, Fujii N. Synthesis and evaluation of bifunctional anti-HIV agents based on specific CXCR4 antagonists-AZT conjugation. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:2179-87. [PMID: 11504655 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found that T140, a 14-amino acid residue peptide, inhibits infection of target cells by T cell-line-tropic strains of HIV-1 (X4-HIV-1) through its specific binding to a chemokine receptor, CXCR4. Here, we report synthesis and evaluation of bifunctional anti-HIV compounds, which are composed of T140 analogues and a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). Novel conjugated analogues have been proved to have the ability for controlled release of AZT in neutral aqueous media as well as mouse and feline sera, and high selectivity indexes (SIs, 50% cytotoxic concentration/50% effective concentration) caused by a synergistic effect of two different regenerating agents. Thus, these bifunctional compounds have several potential advantages. T140 analogues can possibly work as a carrier of AZT targeting T cells due to their specific affinity for CXCR4 on T cells. A synergistic effect by two types of regenerating agents may enable drug dosage to be reduced, and thus it may effectively suppress toxic side effects and the appearance of drug-resistant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tamamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan.
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Matsumoto H, Kimura T, Hamawaki T, Kumagai A, Goto T, Sano K, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of anti-HIV double-drugs. conjugates of HIV protease inhibitors with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor through spontaneously cleavable linkers. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1589-600. [PMID: 11408178 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the prodrug concept as well as the combination of two different classes of anti-HIV agents, we designed and synthesized a series of anti-HIV double-drugs consisting of HIV protease inhibitors conjugated with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in an effort to enhance the antiviral activity. For the conjugation, a series of linkers that conjoins the two different classes of inhibitors has been investigated. Double-drugs using a succinyl amino acid linker were shown to release the parent drugs via spontaneous imide formation at a faster rate compared to compounds using a glutaryl amino acid linker, as expected from the energetically favorable cyclization to the five-membered ring. Among the double-drugs, KNI-1039 (3b) with a glutarylglycine linker exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity compared with that of the individual components. Double-drug 3b was relatively stable in culture medium, whereas it regenerated active species in cell homogenate. These results suggested that the synergistic enhancement of anti-HIV activities of 3b may be due to their ability to penetrate into the target cell and subsequent regeneration of two different classes of anti-HIV agents in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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10
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Vlieghe P, Bihel F, Clerc T, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Salles JP, Chermann JC, Kraus JL. New 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidin-5'-yl O-(omega-hydroxyalkyl) carbonate prodrugs: synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation. J Med Chem 2001; 44:777-86. [PMID: 11262088 DOI: 10.1021/jm001033s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prodrugs of zidovudine (AZT) have been synthesized in an effort to enhance its uptake by HIV-1 infected cells and its anti-HIV activity. The 5'-OH function of AZT was functionalized with various enzymatically labile alkyl groups using specific procedures. The prodrug moieties included 5'-O-carbonate, 5'-O-carbamate, and 5'-O-ester. Analogues of the 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidin-5'-yl O-(omega-hydroxyalkyl) carbonate series were particularly interesting since they were rearranged through an intramolecular cyclic process during their enzymatic hydrolysis. Evidence of this prodrug rearrangement was confirmed by comparison of the serum half-lives of 5'-O-carbonate prodrugs with their corresponding 5'-O-ester- and 5'-O-carbamate-AZT prodrugs. Interestingly, the anti-HIV-1 activities (EC(50)) of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidin-5'-yl O-(4-hydroxybutyl) carbonate 10 in acutely infected MT-4 cells and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were 0.5 nM and 0.78 nM, respectively. Compound 10 was 30 to 50 times more potent than its parent drug AZT. Our results suggest that the specific intramolecular rearrangement associated with the 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidin-5'-yl O-(omega-hydroxyalkyl) carbonate prodrugs could explain the remarkable anti-HIV-1 activity of this series of AZT prodrugs. Prodrug 10 may therefore have better clinical potential than AZT for the treatment of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vlieghe
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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11
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Matsumoto H, Matsuda T, Nakata S, Mitoguchi T, Kimura T, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of prodrug-type anti-HIV agents: ester conjugates of carboxylic acid-containing dipeptide HIV protease inhibitors and a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:417-30. [PMID: 11249134 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of substrate transition-state mimic concept of HIV protease, a series of small-sized dipeptide inhibitors containing hydrophilic carboxyl group were designed and synthesized. These dipeptide inhibitors showed good HIV protease inhibitory activity, but their anti-HIV activity was poor. The low antiviral activities of these inhibitors were probably due to their inadequate cell membrane permeability caused by the presence of a free carboxylic acid in the inhibitors. Based on the prodrug concept as well as the combination of two different classes of anti-HIV agents, conjugates of HIV protease inhibitors with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor were synthesized. Some of these conjugates exhibited excellent antiviral activity compared with that of individual inhibitors. The synergistic enhancement of anti-HIV activities of these conjugates may be due to their ability to penetrate into the target cell and subsequent regeneration of two different classes of anti-HIV agents in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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12
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Jeon KJ, Katsuraya K, Inazu T, Kaneko Y, Mimura T, Uryu T. NMR Spectroscopic Detection of Interactions between a HIV Protein Sequence and a Highly Anti-HIV Active Curdlan Sulfate. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja001577j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Jun Jeon
- Contribution from the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, The Noguchi Institute, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Ajinomoto Co., Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan
| | - Kaname Katsuraya
- Contribution from the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, The Noguchi Institute, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Ajinomoto Co., Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Inazu
- Contribution from the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, The Noguchi Institute, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Ajinomoto Co., Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kaneko
- Contribution from the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, The Noguchi Institute, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Ajinomoto Co., Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan
| | - Toru Mimura
- Contribution from the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, The Noguchi Institute, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Ajinomoto Co., Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Uryu
- Contribution from the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, The Noguchi Institute, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Ajinomoto Co., Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yatsusawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan
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13
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Matsumoto H, Hamawaki T, Ota H, Kimura T, Goto T, Sano K, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y. 'Double-Drugs'--a new class of prodrug form of an HIV protease inhibitor conjugated with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor by a spontaneously cleavable linker. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1227-31. [PMID: 10866387 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a new series of prodrug-type anti-HIV agents consisting of a peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitor conjugated with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in an effort to enhance the antiviral activity. For the conjugation, a series of linkers that conjoin the two different classes of inhibitors have been investigated. Conjugates using a succinyl amino acid linker were shown to release the parent components via the spontaneous imide formation at a faster rate compared to conjugates using a glutaryl amino acid linker, as expected from the energetically favorable cyclization to the five-membered ring. Herein, we report a new 'double-drug' 4b (KNI-1039) with a glutarylglycine linker, which exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity compared with that of the individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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14
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De Michelis C, Rocheblave L, Priem G, Chermann JC, Kraus JL. New anti-HIV derivatives: synthesis and antiviral evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:1253-62. [PMID: 10896105 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A small focused library of 18 compounds incorporating the motif 1,3-(N,N'-dibenzyl)diamino-2-propanol has been synthesized, using adapted synthetic methodologies. These series of compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV activity on infected MT4 cells (syncytium formation observation). Some of the new synthesized compounds show potent anti-HIV activities. EC50 values for compounds (31, 40, 34, 37 and 46) range from 0.1 to 1 microM. In order to determine at which level these new derivatives interfere with the HIV replicative cycle, inhibition assays on recombinant HIV protease and HIV integrase have been performed. None of the compounds were found active on these two enzymatic targets. Experiments are in progress in order to identify their biological target within the HIV replicative cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Michelis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Université de la Mediterranée, Marseille, France
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15
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