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Nicolas HA, Hua K, Quigley H, Ivare J, Tesson F, Akimenko MA. A CRISPR/Cas9 zebrafish lamin A/C mutant model of muscular laminopathy. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:645-661. [PMID: 34599606 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations frequently cause cardiac and/or skeletal muscle diseases called striated muscle laminopathies. We created a zebrafish muscular laminopathy model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to target the zebrafish lmna gene. RESULTS Heterozygous and homozygous lmna mutants present skeletal muscle damage at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf), and mobility impairment at 4 to 7 dpf. Cardiac structure and function analyses between 1 and 7 dpf show mild and transient defects in the lmna mutants compared to wild type (WT). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of genes implicated in striated muscle laminopathies show a decrease in jun and nfκb2 expression in 7 dpf homozygous lmna mutants compared to WT. Homozygous lmna mutants have a 1.26-fold protein increase in activated Erk 1/2, kinases associated with striated muscle laminopathies, compared to WT at 7 dpf. Activated Protein Kinase C alpha (Pkc α), a kinase that interacts with lamin A/C and Erk 1/2, is also upregulated in 7 dpf homozygous lmna mutants compared to WT. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an animal model of skeletal muscle laminopathy where heterozygous and homozygous lmna mutants exhibit prominent skeletal muscle abnormalities during the first week of development. Furthermore, this is the first animal model that potentially implicates Pkc α in muscular laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Nicolas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hailey Quigley
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Ivare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Nicolas HA, Bertrand AT, Labib S, Mohamed-Uvaize M, Bolongo PM, Wu WY, Bilińska ZT, Bonne G, Akimenko MA, Tesson F. Protein Kinase C Alpha Cellular Distribution, Activity, and Proximity with Lamin A/C in Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112388. [PMID: 33142761 PMCID: PMC7693451 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle laminopathies are cardiac and skeletal muscle conditions caused by mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA). LMNA codes for the A-type lamins, which are nuclear intermediate filaments that maintain the nuclear structure and nuclear processes such as gene expression. Protein kinase C alpha (PKC-α) interacts with lamin A/C and with several lamin A/C partners involved in striated muscle laminopathies. To determine PKC-α’s involvement in muscular laminopathies, PKC-α’s localization, activation, and interactions with the A-type lamins were examined in various cell types expressing pathogenic lamin A/C mutations. The results showed aberrant nuclear PKC-α cellular distribution in mutant cells compared to WT. PKC-α activation (phos-PKC-α) was decreased or unchanged in the studied cells expressing LMNA mutations, and the activation of its downstream targets, ERK 1/2, paralleled PKC-α activation alteration. Furthermore, the phos-PKC-α-lamin A/C proximity was altered. Overall, the data showed that PKC-α localization, activation, and proximity with lamin A/C were affected by certain pathogenic LMNA mutations, suggesting PKC-α involvement in striated muscle laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Nicolas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.A.N.); (W.Y.W.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Anne T. Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (A.T.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Sarah Labib
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Musfira Mohamed-Uvaize
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Pierrette M. Bolongo
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Wen Yu Wu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.A.N.); (W.Y.W.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Zofia T. Bilińska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (A.T.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.A.N.); (W.Y.W.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (S.L.); (M.M.-U.); (P.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 7370)
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3
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Kariminejad A, Dahl-Halvarsson M, Ravenscroft G, Afroozan F, Keshavarz E, Goullée H, Davis MR, Faraji Zonooz M, Najmabadi H, Laing NG, Tajsharghi H. TOR1A variants cause a severe arthrogryposis with developmental delay, strabismus and tremor. Brain 2019; 140:2851-2859. [PMID: 29053766 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
See Ginevrino and Valente (doi:10.1093/brain/awx260) for a scientific commentary on this article.
Autosomal dominant torsion dystonia-1 is a disease with incomplete penetrance most often caused by an in-frame GAG deletion (p.Glu303del) in the endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein torsinA encoded by TOR1A. We report an association of the homozygous dominant disease-causing TOR1A p.Glu303del mutation, and a novel homozygous missense variant (p.Gly318Ser) with a severe arthrogryposis phenotype with developmental delay, strabismus and tremor in three unrelated Iranian families. All parents who were carriers of the TOR1A variant showed no evidence of neurological symptoms or signs, indicating decreased penetrance similar to families with autosomal dominant torsion dystonia-1. The results from cell assays demonstrate that the p.Gly318Ser substitution causes a redistribution of torsinA from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nuclear envelope, similar to the hallmark of the p.Glu303del mutation. Our study highlights that TOR1A mutations should be considered in patients with severe arthrogryposis and further expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with TOR1A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Dahl-Halvarsson
- Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fariba Afroozan
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Keshavarz
- Department of Radiology, Mahdieh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hayley Goullée
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Homa Tajsharghi
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia and the Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Health and Education, Division Biomedicine and Public Health, University of Skovde, SE-541 28, Skovde, Sweden
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4
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Cellular and Animal Models of Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040291. [PMID: 30934932 PMCID: PMC6523539 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lamin A/C (LMNA) gene codes for nuclear intermediate filaments constitutive of the nuclear lamina. LMNA has 12 exons and alternative splicing of exon 10 results in two major isoforms—lamins A and C. Mutations found throughout the LMNA gene cause a group of diseases collectively known as laminopathies, of which the type, diversity, penetrance and severity of phenotypes can vary from one individual to the other, even between individuals carrying the same mutation. The majority of the laminopathies affect cardiac and/or skeletal muscles. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to such tissue-specific phenotypes caused by mutations in a ubiquitously expressed gene are not yet well elucidated. This review will explore the different phenotypes observed in established models of striated muscle laminopathies and their respective contributions to advancing our understanding of cardiac and skeletal muscle-related laminopathies. Potential future directions for developing effective treatments for patients with lamin A/C mutation-associated cardiac and/or skeletal muscle conditions will be discussed.
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5
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Tamiello C, Halder M, Kamps MAF, Baaijens FPT, Broers JLV, Bouten CVC. Cellular strain avoidance is mediated by a functional actin cap - observations in an Lmna-deficient cell model. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:779-790. [PMID: 28062850 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In adherent cells, the relevance of a physical mechanotransduction pathway provided by the perinuclear actin cap stress fibers has recently emerged. Here, we investigate the impact of a functional actin cap on the cellular adaptive response to topographical cues and uniaxial cyclic strain. Lmna-deficient fibroblasts are used as a model system because they do not develop an intact actin cap, but predominantly form a basal layer of actin stress fibers underneath the nucleus. We observe that topographical cues induce alignment in both normal and Lmna-deficient fibroblasts, suggesting that the topographical signal transmission occurs independently of the integrity of the actin cap. By contrast, in response to cyclic uniaxial strain, Lmna-deficient cells show a compromised strain avoidance response, which is completely abolished when topographical cues and uniaxial strain are applied along the same direction. These findings point to the importance of an intact and functional actin cap in mediating cellular strain avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tamiello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Halder
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam A F Kamps
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW - School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P T Baaijens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jos L V Broers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Franaszczyk M, Chmielewski P, Truszkowska G, Stawinski P, Michalak E, Rydzanicz M, Sobieszczanska-Malek M, Pollak A, Szczygieł J, Kosinska J, Parulski A, Stoklosa T, Tarnowska A, Machnicki MM, Foss-Nieradko B, Szperl M, Sioma A, Kusmierczyk M, Grzybowski J, Zielinski T, Ploski R, Bilinska ZT. Titin Truncating Variants in Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Prevalence and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169007. [PMID: 28045975 PMCID: PMC5207678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TTN gene truncating variants are common in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), although data on their clinical significance is still limited. We sought to examine the frequency of truncating variants in TTN in patients with DCM, including familial DCM (FDCM), and to look for genotype-phenotype correlations. Clinical cardiovascular data, family histories and blood samples were collected from 72 DCM probands, mean age of 34 years, 45.8% FDCM. DNA samples were examined by next generation sequencing (NGS) with a focus on the TTN gene. Truncating mutations were followed up by segregation study among family members. We identified 16 TTN truncating variants (TTN trunc) in 17 probands (23.6% of all cases, 30.3% of FDCM, 17.9% of sporadic DCM). During mean 63 months from diagnosis, there was no difference in adverse cardiac events between probands with and without TTN truncating mutations. Among relatives 29 mutation carriers were identified, nine were definitely affected (31%), eight probably affected (27.6%) one possibly affected (3.4%) and eleven were not affected (37.9%). When relatives with all affected statuses were combined, disease penetrance was still incomplete (62.1%) even after exclusion of unaffected relatives under 40 (82%) and was higher in males versus females. In all mutation carriers, during follow-up, 17.4% had major adverse cardiac events, and prognosis was significantly worse in men than in women. In conclusion, TTN truncating variants were observed in nearly one fourth of young DCM patient population, in vast majority without conduction system disease. Incomplete penetrance suggests possible influence of other genetic and/or environmental factors on the course of cardiotitinopathy. Counseling should take into account sex and incomplete penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Franaszczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Chmielewski
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Truszkowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Stawinski
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Michalak
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Pollak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Szczygieł
- Department of Cardiomyopathies, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kosinska
- Department of Medical; Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Parulski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tarnowska
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin M. Machnicki
- Department of Immunology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogna Foss-Nieradko
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Szperl
- Department of Medical Biology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sioma
- Department of Cardiomyopathies, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kusmierczyk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Grzybowski
- Department of Cardiomyopathies, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zielinski
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical; Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (RP); (ZTB)
| | - Zofia T. Bilinska
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (RP); (ZTB)
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7
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Cattin ME, Ferry A, Vignaud A, Mougenot N, Jacquet A, Wahbi K, Bertrand AT, Bonne G. Mutation in lamin A/C sensitizes the myocardium to exercise-induced mechanical stress but has no effect on skeletal muscles in mouse. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:490-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dadali EL, Sharkova IV, Adyan TA, Milovidova TB, Polakov АV. [Clinical/genetic characteristics of patients with congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the LMNA gene]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:70-75. [PMID: 26977629 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161161170-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study clinical/genetic characteristics of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the LMNA gene in 5 patients from the Russian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA samples of 42 probands, aged from 2 months to 9 years, with characteristic signs of congenital muscular dystrophy from nonrelated families were studied. The diagnosis was based on the results of genealogical analysis, neurological examination, serum creatine phosphokinase activity, results of electroneuromyography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the Russian population, the frequency of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the LMNA gene is not less than 12% of all cases of this group of diseases. The results indicate the presence of major mutation c.94_96delAAC in the LMNA gene. Specific phenotypic features of this form of congenital muscular dystrophy with symptoms of progressive flaccid paralysis with predominant lesions of axial muscles and plantar flexor muscles of the foot are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Dadali
- Research centre for medical genetics, Moskow
| | | | - T A Adyan
- Research centre for medical genetics, Moskow
| | | | - А V Polakov
- Research centre for medical genetics, Moskow
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Kiel T, Busch A, Meyer-Rachner A, Hübner S. Laminopathy-inducing mutations reduce nuclear import of expressed prelamin A. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:271-80. [PMID: 24943589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lamins are structural components of the nuclear lamina and integral parts of the nucleoplasm. The tripartite domain structure partitions the molecule into an amino-terminal head, central rod and a carboxy-terminal tail domain. The tail domain contains a nuclear localization sequence and in most lamins an additional CaaX motif, which is necessary to post-translationally process prelamin to mature lamin. As players of nuclear and cellular integrity, lamins must possess unrestrained access to the nucleus. To study whether nuclear trafficking of lamins is compromised in laminopathies, we determined relative nuclear import activities between expressed prelamin A and selected laminopathy-inducing mutants thereof. Furthermore, the impact of inhibition of maturation on nuclear import of expressed prelamin A was examined. To perform quantitative transport measurements, import competent but lamina incorporation-deficient GFP- or DsRed-tagged prelamin A deletion mutants were used, which lacked the head and rod domain (ΔHR-prelamin A). Nuclear accumulation of ΔHR-prelamin A carrying the lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome-inducing mutations R419C and L421P or progeria-causing deletions was significantly reduced, but that of the maturation-deficient mutant ΔHR-prelamin A SSIM was significantly increased. In the case of the full length prelamin A mutants R419C and L421P altered subcellular localization and reduced lamina incorporation were detected, with the prelamin A-binding protein Narf being redistributed into R419-containing aggregates. The results suggest that impaired nuclear transport of certain prelamin A mutants may represent a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of certain laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kiel
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Busch
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Rachner
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Hübner
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Würzburg, Germany.
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11
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Ho CY, Jaalouk DE, Lammerding J. Novel insights into the disease etiology of laminopathies. Rare Dis 2013; 1:e27002. [PMID: 24860693 PMCID: PMC3927491 DOI: 10.4161/rdis.27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are caused by mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins lamins A and C. Laminopathies include dilated cardiomyopathy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, and familial partial lipodystrophy. Despite their near-ubiquitous expression, most laminopathies involve highly tissue-specific phenotypes, often affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle. The underlying mechanism(s) remain incompletely understood. We recently reported that altered actin dynamics in lamin A/C-deficient and mutant cells disturb nuclear shuttling of the transcriptional co-activator MKL1, which is critical for cardiac function. Expression of the inner nuclear membrane protein emerin rescues MKL1 translocation through modulating actin dynamics. Here, we elaborate on these findings, discuss new insights into the role of nuclear actin in MKL1activity, and demonstrate that primary human skin fibroblasts from a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy have impaired MKL1 nuclear translocation. These findings further strengthen the relevance of impaired MKL1 signaling as a potential contributor to the disease mechanism in laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yee Ho
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology/Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca, NY USA ; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA USA
| | - Diana E Jaalouk
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology/Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca, NY USA ; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA USA ; Department of Biology; American University of Beirut; Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology/Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca, NY USA ; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA USA
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Cooper DN, Krawczak M, Polychronakos C, Tyler-Smith C, Kehrer-Sawatzki H. Where genotype is not predictive of phenotype: towards an understanding of the molecular basis of reduced penetrance in human inherited disease. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1077-130. [PMID: 23820649 PMCID: PMC3778950 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals with a particular disease-causing mutation or genotype fail to express most if not all features of the disease in question, a phenomenon that is known as 'reduced (or incomplete) penetrance'. Reduced penetrance is not uncommon; indeed, there are many known examples of 'disease-causing mutations' that fail to cause disease in at least a proportion of the individuals who carry them. Reduced penetrance may therefore explain not only why genetic diseases are occasionally transmitted through unaffected parents, but also why healthy individuals can harbour quite large numbers of potentially disadvantageous variants in their genomes without suffering any obvious ill effects. Reduced penetrance can be a function of the specific mutation(s) involved or of allele dosage. It may also result from differential allelic expression, copy number variation or the modulating influence of additional genetic variants in cis or in trans. The penetrance of some pathogenic genotypes is known to be age- and/or sex-dependent. Variable penetrance may also reflect the action of unlinked modifier genes, epigenetic changes or environmental factors. At least in some cases, complete penetrance appears to require the presence of one or more genetic variants at other loci. In this review, we summarize the evidence for reduced penetrance being a widespread phenomenon in human genetics and explore some of the molecular mechanisms that may help to explain this enigmatic characteristic of human inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
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Saraiva F, Rodrigues D, Andrade H, Negrão L, Gonçalves L, Marinho A, Providência LA. [Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: case report]. Rev Port Cardiol 2013; 31:241-5. [PMID: 22284682 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 1 (EDMD1) is a familial disease with X-Linked recessive transmission, caused by a mutation in a nuclear envelope protein, emerin. Clinical manifestations usually occur in adolescence and include contractures, muscle atrophy and weakness, and cardiac conduction disturbances. We describe the case of a young male, aged 16, with first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block and limited extension of both forearms. He had elevated CK, and cardiac monitoring showed severe conduction tissue disease, with significant sinus pauses, chronotropic incompetence and periods of AV dissociation during exercise. Immunohistochemical staining using an emerin antibody showed absence of the protein in a fragment of muscle tissue and genetic study identified a mutation associated with EDMD1. Study of his brother, aged 21, also established a diagnosis of EDMD1. Both individuals received a permanent pacemaker but musculoskeletal manifestations at that time did not warrant any other intervention: Screening for certain genetic diseases, including muscular dystrophies, is mandatory following identification of conduction abnormalities in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saraiva
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Yang L, Munck M, Swaminathan K, Kapinos LE, Noegel AA, Neumann S. Mutations in LMNA modulate the lamin A--Nesprin-2 interaction and cause LINC complex alterations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71850. [PMID: 23977161 PMCID: PMC3748058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In eukaryotes the genetic material is enclosed by a continuous membrane system, the nuclear envelope (NE). Along the NE specific proteins assemble to form meshworks and mutations in these proteins have been described in a group of human diseases called laminopathies. Laminopathies include lipodystrophies, muscle and cardiac diseases as well as metabolic or progeroid syndromes. Most laminopathies are caused by mutations in the LMNAgene encoding lamins A/C. Together with Nesprins (Nuclear Envelope Spectrin Repeat Proteins) they are core components of the LINC complex (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton). The LINC complex connects the nucleoskeleton and the cytoskeleton and plays a role in the transfer of mechanically induced signals along the NE into the nucleus, and its components have been attributed functions in maintaining nuclear and cellular organization as well as signal transduction. Results Here we narrowed down the interaction sites between lamin A and Nesprin-2 to aa 403–425 in lamin A and aa 6146–6347 in Nesprin-2. Laminopathic mutations in and around the involved region of lamin A (R401C, G411D, G413C, V415I, R419C, L421P, R427G, Q432X) modulate the interaction with Nesprin-2 and this may contribute to the disease phenotype. The most notable mutation is the lamin A mutation Q432X that alters LINC complex protein assemblies and causes chromosomal and transcription factor rearrangements. Conclusion Mutations in Nesprin-2 and lamin A are characterised by complex genotype phenotype relations. Our data show that each mutation in LMNAanalysed here has a distinct impact on the interaction among both proteins that substantially explains how distinct mutations in widely expressed genes lead to the formation of phenotypically different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Munck
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karthic Swaminathan
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Larisa E. Kapinos
- Biozentrum and the Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (AAN); (SN)
| | - Sascha Neumann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (AAN); (SN)
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Eymard B, Ferreiro A, Ben Yaou R, Stojkovic T. Muscle diseases with prominent joint contractures: Main entities and diagnostic strategy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013; 169:546-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Stallmeyer B, Koopmann M, Schulze-Bahr E. Identification of Novel Mutations in LMNA Associated with Familial Forms of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:543-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Stallmeyer
- Institut für Genetik von Herzerkrankungen (IfGH), Universitätsklinik Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für klinische Forschung (IZKF), Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Koopmann
- Department für Kardiology und Angiology, Universitätsklinik Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Institut für Genetik von Herzerkrankungen (IfGH), Universitätsklinik Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für klinische Forschung (IZKF), Münster, Germany
- Department für Kardiology und Angiology, Universitätsklinik Münster, Münster, Germany
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Jimenez-Escrig A, Gobernado I, Garcia-Villanueva M, Sanchez-Herranz A. Autosomal recessive Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy caused by a novel mutation (R225Q) in the lamin A/C gene identified by exome sequencing. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:605-10. [PMID: 22431096 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to describe a new mutation in the LMNA gene diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. METHODS A two-generation kindred with recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy was evaluated by exome sequencing of the proband's DNA. RESULTS Exome sequencing disclosed 194,618 variants (170,196 SNPs, 8482 MNPs, 7466 insertions, 8307 deletions, and 167 mixed combinations); 71,328 were homozygotic and 123,290 were heterozygotic, with 11,753 non-synonymous, stop-gain, stop-loss, or frameshift mutations occurring in the coding region or nearby intronic region. The cross-referencing of these mutations in candidate genes for muscular dystrophy showed a homozygote mutation c.G674A in exon 4 of LMNA causing a protein change R225Q in an arginine conserved from human to Xenopus tropicalis and in lamin B1. CONCLUSIONS This technique will be preferred for studying patients with muscular dystrophy in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Jimenez-Escrig
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Ramon y Cajal and Universidad de Alcala, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Abstract
The LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex is a proposed mechanical link tethering the nucleo- and cyto-skeleton via the NE (nuclear envelope). The LINC components emerin, lamin A/C, SUN1, SUN2, nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 interact with each other at the NE and also with other binding partners including actin filaments and B-type lamins. Besides the mechanostructural functions, the LINC complex is also involved in signalling pathways and gene regulation. Emerin was the first LINC component associated with a human disease, namely EDMD (Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy). Later on, other components of the LINC complex, such as lamins A/C and small isoforms of nesprin-1 and nesprin-2, were found to be associated with EDMD, reflecting a genetic heterogeneity that has not been resolved so far. Only approximately 46% of the EDMD patients can be linked to genes of LINC and non-LINC components, pointing to further genes involved in the pathology of EDMD. Obvious candidates are the LINC proteins SUN1 and SUN2. Recently, screening of binding partners of LINC components as candidates identified LUMA (TMEM43), encoding a binding partner of emerin and lamins, as a gene involved in atypical EDMD. Nevertheless, such mutations contribute only to a very small fraction of EDMD patients. EDMD-causing mutations in STA/EMD (encoding emerin) that disrupt emerin binding to Btf (Bcl-2-associated transcription factor), GCL (germ cell-less) and BAF (barrier to autointegration factor) provide the first glimpses into LINC being involved in gene regulation and thus opening new avenues for functional studies. Thus the association of LINC with human disease provides tools for understanding its functions within the cell.
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Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: Case report. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bertrand AT, Chikhaoui K, Ben Yaou R, Bonne G. [Laminopathies: one gene, several diseases]. Biol Aujourdhui 2011; 205:147-62. [PMID: 21982404 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2011017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lamins A and C, encoded by the LMNA gene, are nuclear proteins expressed in all post-mitotic cells. Together with B-type lamins, they form a meshwork of proteins beneath the inner nuclear membrane, the lamina, in connection with the cytoskeleton. Lamins A/C also interact with chromatin and numerous proteins, including transcription factors. Mutations in LMNA are responsible for more than ten different disorders, commonly called "laminopathies". These diseases affect tissues in a specific (striated muscle, adipose tissue, peripheral nerve) or in a systemic manner (premature ageing syndromes). This wide spectrum of phenotypes is associated to a wide variety of mutations. This large clinical and genetic heterogeneity, unique to the LMNA gene, makes genotype-phenotype relations particularly difficult to establish. However, correlations have been obtained in several cases. Hence, LMNA mutations identified in premature ageing syndromes lead to the accumulation of immature proteins with a toxic effect for cells. Mutations in laminopathies of the adipose tissue mainly localize in the Ig-like domain of the proteins, potentially affecting the interaction with the SREBP-1 transcription factor. In laminopathies of the striated muscles, the mutations are spread throughout the gene. These mutations are thought to induce structural modifications of the proteins, thereby affecting their polymerization into nuclear lamina. Such defect would lead to a mechanical weakness of the nuclear lamina and of the cells, particularly in striated muscles continuously stretching. The exploration of pathophysiological mechanisms of LMNA mutations largely benefits from the numerous mouse models created, which have been widely used to analyze affected molecular pathways and to test putative therapeutic treatments.
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Bank EM, Ben-Harush K, Wiesel-Motiuk N, Barkan R, Feinstein N, Lotan O, Medalia O, Gruenbaum Y. A laminopathic mutation disrupting lamin filament assembly causes disease-like phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:2716-28. [PMID: 21653823 PMCID: PMC3145547 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-01-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human LMNA gene underlie many laminopathic diseases, including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD); however, a mechanistic link between the effect of mutations on lamin filament assembly and disease phenotypes has not been established. We studied the ΔK46 Caenorhabditis elegans lamin mutant, corresponding to EDMD-linked ΔK32 in human lamins A and C. Cryo-electron tomography of lamin ΔK46 filaments in vitro revealed alterations in the lateral assembly of dimeric head-to-tail polymers, which causes abnormal organization of tetrameric protofilaments. Green fluorescent protein (GFP):ΔK46 lamin expressed in C. elegans was found in nuclear aggregates in postembryonic stages along with LEM-2. GFP:ΔK46 also caused mislocalization of emerin away from the nuclear periphery, consistent with a decreased ability of purified emerin to associate with lamin ΔK46 filaments in vitro. GFP:ΔK46 animals had motility defects and muscle structure abnormalities. These results show that changes in lamin filament structure can translate into disease-like phenotypes via altering the localization of nuclear lamina proteins, and suggest a model for how the ΔK32 lamin mutation may cause EDMD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Bank
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Kfir Ben-Harush
- Department of Life Sciences and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheeva 84120, Israel
| | - Naama Wiesel-Motiuk
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Barkan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Naomi Feinstein
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Oren Lotan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Life Sciences and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheeva 84120, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Scharner J, Brown CA, Bower M, Iannaccone ST, Khatri IA, Escolar D, Gordon E, Felice K, Crowe CA, Grosmann C, Meriggioli MN, Asamoah A, Gordon O, Gnocchi VF, Ellis JA, Mendell JR, Zammit PS. Novel LMNA mutations in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and functional characterization of four LMNA mutations. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:152-67. [PMID: 20848652 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA cause a variety of diseases affecting striated muscle including autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), LMNA-associated congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD), and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B). Here, we describe novel and recurrent LMNA mutations identified in 50 patients from the United States and Canada, which is the first report of the distribution of LMNA mutations from a large cohort outside Europe. This augments the number of LMNA mutations known to cause EDMD by 16.5%, equating to an increase of 5.9% in the total known LMNA mutations. Eight patients presented with either p.R249W/Q or p.E358K mutations and an early onset EDMD phenotype: two mutations recently associated with L-CMD. Importantly, 15 mutations are novel and include eight missense mutations (p.R189P, p.F206L, p.S268P, p.S295P, p.E361K, p.G449D, p.L454P, and p.W467R), three splice site mutations (c.IVS4 + 1G>A, c.IVS6 - 2A>G, and c.IVS8 + 1G>A), one duplication/in frame insertion (p.R190dup), one deletion (p.Q355del), and two silent mutations (p.R119R and p.K270K). Analysis of 4 of our lamin A mutations showed that some caused nuclear deformations and lamin B redistribution in a mutation specific manner. Together, this study significantly augments the number of EDMD patients on the database and describes 15 novel mutations that underlie EDMD, which will contribute to establishing genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Scharner
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: a novel mutation in the LMNA gene. Pediatr Neurol 2009; 41:127-30. [PMID: 19589462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described here is the phenotypical expression of a novel LMNA mutation c.1157 G>T in a Czech patient with an early-onset form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. The mutation predicts aberrant splicing. Now 21 years old, the patient has had slowly progressing muscle dystrophy since the age of one and early contractures of elbows. He is the only family member affected. Even though the dystrophy typically affects the heart as well, in the present case these signs are not yet expressed.
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Quijano-Roy S, Mbieleu B, Bönnemann CG, Jeannet PY, Colomer J, Clarke NF, Cuisset JM, Roper H, De Meirleir L, D'Amico A, Ben Yaou R, Nascimento A, Barois A, Demay L, Bertini E, Ferreiro A, Sewry CA, Romero NB, Ryan M, Muntoni F, Guicheney P, Richard P, Bonne G, Estournet B. De novo LMNA mutations cause a new form of congenital muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol 2008; 64:177-86. [PMID: 18551513 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a new entity of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by de novo LMNA mutations. METHODS Fifteen patients presenting with a myopathy of onset in the first year of life were subjected to neurological and genetic evaluation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed for all patients. RESULTS The 15 patients presented with muscle weakness in the first year of life, and all had de novo heterozygous LMNA mutations. Three of them had severe early-onset disease, no motor development, and the rest experienced development of a "dropped head" syndrome phenotype. Despite variable severity, there was a consistent clinical pattern. Patients typically presented with selective axial weakness and wasting of the cervicoaxial muscles. Limb involvement was predominantly proximal in upper extremities and distal in lower extremities. Talipes feet and a rigid spine with thoracic lordosis developed early. Proximal contractures appeared later, most often in lower limbs, sparing the elbows. Ten children required ventilatory support, three continuously through tracheotomy. Cardiac arrhythmias were observed in four of the oldest patients but were symptomatic only in one. Creatine kinase levels were mild to moderately increased. Muscle biopsies showed dystrophic changes in nine children and nonspecific myopathic changes in the remaining. Markedly atrophic fibers were common, most often type 1, and a few patients showed positive inflammatory markers. INTERPRETATION The LMNA mutations identified appear to correlate with a relatively severe phenotype. Our results further broaden the spectrum of laminopathies and define a new disease entity that we suggest is best classified as a congenital muscular dystrophy (LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy, or L-CMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Quijano-Roy
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Garches-Necker-Mondor-Hendaye, Garches, France.
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Burke B, Stewart CL. The laminopathies: the functional architecture of the nucleus and its contribution to disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2008; 7:369-405. [PMID: 16824021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most inherited diseases are associated with mutations in a specific gene. Often, mutations in two or more different genes result in diseases with a similar phenotype. Rarely do different mutations in the same gene result in a multitude of seemingly different and unrelated diseases. Mutations in the Lamin A gene (LMNA), which encodes largely ubiquitously expressed nuclear proteins (A-type lamins), are associated with at least eight different diseases, collectively called the laminopathies. Studies examining how different tissue-specific diseases arise from unique LMNA mutations are providing unanticipated insights into the structural organization of the nucleus, and how disruption of this organization relates to novel mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Burke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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Rankin J, Auer-Grumbach M, Bagg W, Colclough K, Duong NT, Fenton-May J, Hattersley A, Hudson J, Jardine P, Josifova D, Longman C, McWilliam R, Owen K, Walker M, Wehnert M, Ellard S. Extreme phenotypic diversity and nonpenetrance in families with theLMNA gene mutation R644C. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1530-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Muñoz-Alarcón A, Pavlovic M, Wismar J, Schmitt B, Eriksson M, Kylsten P, Dushay MS. Characterization of lamin mutation phenotypes in Drosophila and comparison to human laminopathies. PLoS One 2007; 2:e532. [PMID: 17565385 PMCID: PMC1885830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that make up the nuclear lamina, a matrix underlying the nuclear membrane in all metazoan cells that is important for nuclear form and function. Vertebrate A-type lamins are expressed in differentiating cells, while B-type lamins are expressed ubiquitously. Drosophila has two lamin genes that are expressed in A- and B-type patterns, and it is assumed that similarly expressed lamins perform similar functions. However, Drosophila and vertebrate lamins are not orthologous, and their expression patterns evolved independently. It is therefore of interest to examine the effects of mutations in lamin genes. Mutations in the mammalian lamin A/C gene cause a range of diseases, collectively called laminopathies, that include muscular dystrophies and premature aging disorders. We compared the sequences of lamin genes from different species, and we have characterized larval and adult phenotypes in Drosophila bearing mutations in the lam gene that is expressed in the B-type pattern. Larvae move less and show subtle muscle defects, and surviving lam adults are flightless and walk like aged wild-type flies, suggesting that lam phenotypes might result from neuromuscular defects, premature aging, or both. The resemblance of Drosophila lam phenotypes to human laminopathies suggests that some lamin functions may be performed by differently expressed genes in flies and mammals. Such still-unknown functions thus would not be dependent on lamin gene expression pattern, suggesting the presence of other lamin functions that are expression dependent. Our results illustrate a complex interplay between lamin gene expression and function through evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Muñoz-Alarcón
- Department of Life Sciences, Södertörns högskola, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Pavlovic
- Department of Life Sciences, Södertörns högskola, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jasmine Wismar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Neurochemie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bertram Schmitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Neurochemie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kylsten
- Department of Life Sciences, Södertörns högskola, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mitchell S. Dushay
- Department of Life Sciences, Södertörns högskola, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Comparative Physiology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Stewart CL, Kozlov S, Fong LG, Young SG. Mouse models of the laminopathies. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:2144-56. [PMID: 17493612 PMCID: PMC1949387 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The A and B type lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that comprise the bulk of the nuclear lamina, a thin proteinaceous structure underlying the inner nuclear membrane. The A type lamins are encoded by the lamin A gene (LMNA). Mutations in this gene have been linked to at least nine diseases, including the progeroid diseases Hutchinson-Gilford progeria and atypical Werner's syndromes, striated muscle diseases including muscular dystrophies and dilated cardiomyopathies, lipodystrophies affecting adipose tissue deposition, diseases affecting skeletal development, and a peripheral neuropathy. To understand how different diseases arise from different mutations in the same gene, mouse lines carrying some of the same mutations found in the human diseases have been established. We, and others have generated mice with different mutations that result in progeria, muscular dystrophy, and dilated cardiomyopathy. To further our understanding of the functions of the lamins, we also created mice lacking lamin B1, as well as mice expressing only one of the A type lamins. These mouse lines are providing insights into the functions of the lamina and how changes to the lamina affect the mechanical integrity of the nucleus as well as signaling pathways that, when disrupted, may contribute to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Stewart
- Laboratory of Cancer and Developmental Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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Bernard R, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Delague V, Lévy N. Molecular genetics of autosomal-recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies. Neuromolecular Med 2007; 8:87-106. [PMID: 16775369 DOI: 10.1385/nmm:8:1-2:87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (ARCMT) account for less than 10% of the families with CMT. On the other hand, in countries with a high prevalence of consanguinity this mode of inheritance accounts, likely, for the vast majority of CMT phenotypes. Like dominant forms, autosomal-recessive forms are generally subdivided into demyelinating forms (autosomal-recessive CMT1: ARCMT1 or CMT4) and axonal forms (ARCMT2). Until now, demyelinating ARCMT were more extensively studied at the genetic level than the axonal forms. Although the latter are undoubtedly the rarest forms among the heterogeneous group of CMT, three distinct forms have been genetically mapped and recent studies in the past 4 yr provided evidence that their respective causing genes have been characterized. Indeed, gene defects in encoding A-type lamins (LMNA), encoding Ganglioside-induced Differentiation-Associated Protein-1 (GDAP1) and encoding the mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription, subunit 25 homolog (MED25) have been identified in ARCMT2 subtypes. Given the clinical, electrophysiological and histological heterogeneity of CMT2, it is likely that unreported forms of ARCMT2, related to novel genes, remain to be discovered, leading to an even more complex classification. However, our goal in this review is to provide the reader with a clear view on the known genes and mechanisms involved in ARCMT2 and their associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaëlle Bernard
- Departement de Genetique Medicale Hopital d'enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
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Heydemann A, Doherty KR, McNally EM. Genetic modifiers of muscular dystrophy: Implications for therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:216-28. [PMID: 16916601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The genetic understanding of the muscular dystrophies has advanced considerably in the last two decades. Over 25 different individual genes are now known to produce muscular dystrophy, and many different "private" mutations have been described for each individual muscular dystrophy gene. For the more common forms of muscular dystrophy, phenotypic variability can be explained by precise mutations. However, for many genetic mutations, the presence of the identical mutation is associated with marked phenotypic range that affects muscle function as well as cardiac function. The explanation for phenotype variability in the muscular dystrophies is only now being explored. The availability of genetically engineered animal models has allowed the generation of single mutations on the background of highly inbred strain. Phenotypic variation that is altered by genetic background argues for the presence of genetic modifier loci that can ameliorate or enhance aspects of the dystrophic phenotype. A number of individual genes have been implicated as modifiers of muscular dystrophy by studies in genetically engineered mouse models of muscular dystrophy. The value of these genes and products is that the pathways identified through these experiments may be exploited for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlke Heydemann
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
The laminopathies are a diverse group of conditions caused by mutations in the LMNA gene (MIM*150330). LMNA encodes the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A and lamin C by utilization of an alternative splice site in exon 10. The human LMNA gene was identified in 1986 but it was another 13 years before it was found to be the causative gene for a disease, namely Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Since then, a further eight clearly defined phenotypes have been associated with LMNA mutations. The diversity of these phenotypes is striking with features such as premature ageing, axonal neuropathy, lipodystrophy and myopathy being seen. These phenotypes and the emerging genotype/phenotype correlations are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rankin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
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Muntoni F, Bonne G, Goldfarb LG, Mercuri E, Piercy RJ, Burke M, Yaou RB, Richard P, Récan D, Shatunov A, Sewry CA, Brown SC. Disease severity in dominant Emery Dreifuss is increased by mutations in both emerin and desmin proteins. Brain 2006; 129:1260-8. [PMID: 16585054 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with the same genetic disorder often show remarkable differences in clinical severity, a finding generally attributed to the genetic background. We identified two patients with genetically proven Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) who followed an unusual course and had uncommon clinicopathological findings. We hypothesized digenic inheritance and looked for additional molecular explanations. Mutations in additional separate genes were identified in both patients. The first patient was a member of a family with molecularly proven X-linked EDMD. However, the clinical features were unusually severe for this condition in the propositus: he presented at 2.5 years with severe proximal weakness and markedly elevated serum creatine kinase. Muscle weakness rapidly progressed, leading to loss of independent ambulation by the age of 12. In addition, the patient developed cardiac conduction system disease requiring pacing at the age of 11 and severe dilated cardiomyopathy in the early teens. Despite pacing, he had several syncopal episodes attributed to ventricular dysrhythmias. As these resemble the cardiac features of patients with the autosomal dominant variant of EDMD, we examined the lamin A/C gene, identifying a de-novo mutation in the propositus. The second patient had a cardioskeletal myopathy, similar to his mother who had died more than 20 years previously. Because of the dominant family history, a laminopathy was suspected and a mutation in exon 11 of the LMNA gene was identified. This mutation, however, was not present in his mother, but instead, surprisingly, was identified in his virtually asymptomatic father. Unusual accumulations of desmin found in the cardiac muscle of the propositus prompted us to examine the desmin gene in this patient, and in so doing, we identified a desmin mutation, in addition to the LMNA mutation in the propositus. These cases suggest that separate mutations in related proteins that are believed to interact, or that represent different parts of a presumed functional pathway, may synergistically contribute to disease severity in autosomal dominant EDMD. Furthermore, digenic inheritance may well contribute to the clinical severity of many other neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Jacob KN, Garg A. Laminopathies: multisystem dystrophy syndromes. Mol Genet Metab 2006; 87:289-302. [PMID: 16364671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Laminopathies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders due to abnormalities in type A lamins and can manifest varied clinical features affecting many organs including the skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissue, nervous system, cutaneous tissue, and bone. Mutations in the gene encoding lamins A and C (LMNA) cause primary laminopathies, including various types of lipodystrophies, muscular dystrophies and progeroid syndromes, mandibuloacral dysplasia, dilated cardiomyopathies, and restrictive dermopathy. The secondary laminopathies are due to mutations in ZMPSTE24 gene which encodes for a zinc metalloproteinase involved in processing of prelamin A into mature lamin A and cause mandibuloacral dysplasia and restrictive dermopathy. Skin fibroblast cells from many patients with laminopathies show a range of abnormal nuclear morphology including bleb formation, honeycombing, and presence of multi-lobulated nuclei. The mechanisms by which mutations in LMNA gene cause multisystem dystrophy are an active area of current investigation. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of marked pleiotropy in laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Jacob
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390-9052, USA
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De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Lévy N. Altered splicing in prelamin A-associated premature aging phenotypes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 44:199-232. [PMID: 17076270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-34449-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGPS), a rare and severe developmental disorder characterized by features recalling premature aging, and restrictive dermopathy (RD), a neonatal lethal genodermatosis, have recently been identified as being primary or secondary "laminopathies." These are heterogeneous disorders due to altered function of lamins A/C or related proteins. In physiological conditions, mature lamin A is obtained through a series of post-translational processing steps performed on a protein precursor, prelamin A. The major pathophysiological mechanism involved in progeria is an aberrant splicing of pre-mRNAs issued from the LMNA gene, due to a de novo heterozygous point mutation, leading to the production and accumulation of truncated lamin A precursors. Aberrant splicing of prelamin A pre-mRNAs causing the production of more extensively truncated precursors is involved in the allelic disease restrictive dermopathy. Other restrictive dermopathy cases are due to the inactivation of a key enzyme involved in the maturation of lamin A precursors (ZMPSTE24). In functional terms, all these conditions share the same pathophysiological basis: intranuclear accumulation of lamin A precursors, which cannot be fully processed (due to primary or secondary events) and exert toxic, dominant negative effects on nuclear homeostasis. Most other laminopathies are due to autosomal dominant LMNA point mutations inferred to cause single amino acid substitutions. In any case, the impact of these mutations on pre-mRNA splicing has rarely been assessed. These disorders affect different tissues and organs, mainly including bone, skin, striated muscles, adipose tissue, vessels, and peripheral nerves in isolated or combined fashions, giving rise to syndromes whose severity ranges from mild to perinatally lethal. In this chapter we review the structure and functions of lamins A/C in physiological and pathological conditions, describe their known or putative roles, namely, in the pathogenesis of HGPS and RD in relation to existing animal models, and envisage possible targeted therapeutic strategies on the basis of recent research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'Enfants la Timone, 264 Rue St. Pierre, 13385 Marseille, Cedex 5, France
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D'Amico A, Haliloglu G, Richard P, Talim B, Maugenre S, Ferreiro A, Guicheney P, Menditto I, Benedetti S, Bertini E, Bonne G, Topaloglu H. Two patients with 'Dropped head syndrome' due to mutations in LMNA or SEPN1 genes. Neuromuscul Disord 2005; 15:521-4. [PMID: 15961312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Revised: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dropped head syndrome is characterized by severe weakness of neck extensor muscles with sparing of the flexors. It is a prominent sign in several neuromuscular conditions, but it may also be an isolated feature with uncertain aetiology. We report two children in whom prominent weakness of neck extensor muscles is associated with mutations in lamin A/C (LMNA) and selenoprotein N1 (SEPN1) genes, respectively. This report expands the underlying causes of the dropped head syndrome which may be the presenting feature of a congenital muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'Amico
- Unit of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Ben Yaou R, Bécane HM, Demay L, Laforet P, Hannequin D, Bohu PA, Drouin-Garraud V, Ferrer X, Mussini JM, Ollagnon E, Petiot P, Penisson-Besnier I, Streichenberger N, Toutain A, Richard P, Eymard B, Bonne G. La dystrophie musculaire des ceintures autosomique dominante associée à des troubles de la conduction cardiaque (LGMD1B). Description de 8 nouvelles familles avec mutations du gène LMNA. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2005; 161:42-54. [PMID: 15678000 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(05)84972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1b (LGMD1B), due to LMNA gene mutations, is a relatively rare form of LGMD characterized by proximal muscle involvement associated with heart involvement comprising atrio-ventricular conduction blocks and dilated cardiomyopathy. Its clinical and genetic diagnosis is crucial for cardiac management and genetic counselling. Seven LMNA mutations have been previously reported to be responsible for LGMD1B. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe the neurological and cardiologic features of 14 patients belonging to 8 families in whom we identified 6 different LMNA mutations, 4 of them having never been reported. Results. Eleven patients had an LGMD1B phenotype with scapulohumeral and pelvic-femoral involvement. Thirteen patients had cardiac disease associating conduction defects (12 patients) or arrhythmias (9 patients). Seven patients needed cardiac device (pacemaker or implantable cardiac defibrillator) and two had heart transplantation. CONCLUSION This study allowed us to specify the clinical characteristics of this entity and to outline the first phenotype/genotype relations resulting from these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ben Yaou
- INSERM U582-Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.
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Goodchild RE, Dauer WT. Mislocalization to the nuclear envelope: an effect of the dystonia-causing torsinA mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:847-52. [PMID: 14711988 PMCID: PMC321769 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0304375101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dystonia is a disease characterized by involuntary twisting movements caused by CNS dysfunction without underlying histopathology. DYT1 dystonia is a form of primary dystonia caused by an in-frame GAG deletion (DeltaE302/3) in the TOR1A gene that encodes the endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein torsinA. We show that torsinA is also present in the nuclear envelope (NE), where it appears to interact with substrate, and that the DeltaE302/3 mutation causes a striking redistribution of torsinA from the endoplasmic reticulum to the NE. In addition, DeltaE302/3-torsinA recruits WT torsinA to the NE, potentially providing insight into an understanding of the dominant inheritance of the disease. DYT1 dystonia appears to be a previously uncharacterized NE disease and the first, to our knowledge, to selectively affect CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose E Goodchild
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Mounkes L, Stewart CL. Structural organization and functions of the nucleus in development, aging, and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2004; 61:191-228. [PMID: 15350402 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(04)61008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Mounkes
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Pramparo T, Gregato G, De Gregori M, Friso A, Clementi M, Ardenghi P, Rocchi M, Zuffardi O, Tenconi R. Reciprocal translocation associated with multiple exostoses in seven members of a three generation family and discovered through an infertile male. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 123A:79-83. [PMID: 14556251 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a four generations family with multiple exostoses segregating with a reciprocal translocation t(8;19)(q24.11;q13.13) in 8 members of three generations. FISH investigations detected a breakage of the dosage-sensitive EXT1 gene. Although three members of the family died perinatally from unknown causes and one carrier had four spontaneous abortions, the translocation was discovered only when the cytogenetic analysis was requested in an affected male because of oligozoospermia. In fact, it is well known that infertile males may be carriers of reciprocal or Robertsonian translocations with a higher frequency than the general population. This family stresses the importance of requesting the cytogenetic analysis in all cases in which a dominant disease segregates with repeated miscarriages and/or newborn deaths of unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Pramparo
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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