1
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Terzioglu G, Young-Pearse TL. Microglial function, INPP5D/SHIP1 signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:89. [PMID: 38017562 PMCID: PMC10685641 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have brought microglia under the spotlight, as loci associated with AD risk are enriched in genes expressed in microglia. Several of these genes have been recognized for their central roles in microglial functions. Increasing evidence suggests that SHIP1, the protein encoded by the AD-associated gene INPP5D, is an important regulator of microglial phagocytosis and immune response. A recent study from our group identified SHIP1 as a negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human iPSC-derived microglial cells (iMGs). In addition, we found evidence for a connection between SHIP1 activity and inflammasome activation in the AD brain. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as part of innate immune responses against pathogens and endogenous damage signals. Previously published studies have suggested that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in AD and contributes to AD-related pathology. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome in the context of AD-related inflammation. We then review the known intracellular functions of SHIP1, including its role in phosphoinositide signaling, interactions with microglial phagocytic receptors such as TREM2 and evidence for its intersection with NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Through rigorous examination of the intricate connections between microglial signaling pathways across several experimental systems and postmortem analyses, the field will be better equipped to tailor newly emerging therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Terzioglu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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2
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Chu YN, Akahori A, Takatori S, Tomita T. Pathological Roles of INPP5D in Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:289-301. [PMID: 37525057 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Current hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) postulates that amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in the brain causes tau inclusion in neurons and leads to cognitive decline. The discovery of the genetic association between triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) with increased AD risk points to a causal link between microglia and AD pathogenesis, and revealed a crucial role of TREM2-dependent clustering of microglia around amyloid plaques that prevents Aβ toxicity to facilitate tau deposition near the plaques. Here we review the physiological and pathological roles of another AD risk gene expressed in microglia, inositol polyphosphate-5-polyphosphatase D (INPP5D), which encodes a phosphoinositide phosphatase. Evidence suggests that its risk polymorphisms alter the expression level and/or function of INPP5D, while concomitantly affecting tau levels in cerebrospinal fluids. In β-amyloidosis mice, INPP5D was upregulated upon Aβ deposition and negatively regulated the microglial clustering toward amyloid plaques. INPP5D seems to exert its function by acting antagonistically at downstream of the TREM2 signaling pathway, suggesting that it is a novel regulator of the protective barrier by microglia. Further studies to elucidate INPP5D's role in AD may help in developing new therapeutic targets for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Ning Chu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aika Akahori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Takatori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Cheung HF, Coman C, Westhoff P, Manke M, Sickmann A, Borst O, Gawaz M, Watson SP, Heemskerk JWM, Ahrends R. Targeted Phosphoinositides Analysis Using High-Performance Ion Chromatography-Coupled Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3114-3123. [PMID: 33938762 PMCID: PMC8280744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are minor components of cell membranes, but play crucial roles in numerous signal transduction pathways. To obtain quantitative measures of phosphoinositides, sensitive, accurate, and comprehensive methods are needed. Here, we present a quantitative targeted ion chromatography-mass spectrometry-based workflow that separates phosphoinositide isomers and increases the quantitative accuracy of measured phosphoinositides. Besides testing different analytical characteristics such as extraction and separation efficiency, the reproducibility of the developed workflow was also investigated. The workflow was verified in resting and stimulated human platelets, fat cells, and rat hippocampal brain tissue, where the LOD and LOQ for phosphoinositides were at 312.5 and 625 fmol, respectively. The robustness of the workflow is shown with different applications that confirms its suitability to analyze multiple less-abundant phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire
Yam Fung Cheung
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College
of Medical and Dental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Coman
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mailin Manke
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College
of Medical and Dental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department
of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
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4
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Hibbs ML, Raftery AL, Tsantikos E. Regulation of hematopoietic cell signaling by SHIP-1 inositol phosphatase: growth factors and beyond. Growth Factors 2018; 36:213-231. [PMID: 30764683 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2019.1569649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SHIP-1 is a hematopoietic-specific inositol phosphatase activated downstream of a multitude of receptors including those for growth factors, cytokines, antigen, immunoglobulin and toll-like receptor agonists where it exerts inhibitory control. While it is constitutively expressed in all immune cells, SHIP-1 expression is negatively regulated by the inflammatory and oncogenic micro-RNA miR-155. Knockout mouse studies have shown the importance of SHIP-1 in various immune cell subsets and have revealed a range of immune-mediated pathologies that are engendered due to loss of SHIP-1's regulatory activity, impelling investigations into the role of SHIP-1 in human disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature relating to the role of SHIP-1 in hematopoietic cell signaling and function, we summarize recent reports that highlight the dysregulation of the SHIP-1 pathway in cancers, autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases, and lastly we discuss the importance of SHIP-1 in restraining myeloid growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Hibbs
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology , Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - April L Raftery
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology , Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- a Department of Immunology and Pathology , Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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5
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Dobranowski P, Sly LM. SHIP negatively regulates type II immune responses in mast cells and macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1053-1064. [PMID: 29345374 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0817-340r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SHIP is a hematopoietic-specific lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates PI3K-generated PI(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. SHIP removes this second messenger from the cell membrane blunting PI3K activity in immune cells. Thus, SHIP negatively regulates mast cell activation downstream of multiple receptors. SHIP has been referred to as the "gatekeeper" of mast cell degranulation as loss of SHIP dramatically increases degranulation or permits degranulation in response to normally inert stimuli. SHIP also negatively regulates Mϕ activation, including both pro-inflammatory cytokine production downstream of pattern recognition receptors, and alternative Mϕ activation by the type II cytokines, IL-4, and IL-13. In the SHIP-deficient (SHIP-/- ) mouse, increased mast cell and Mϕ activation leads to spontaneous inflammatory pathology at mucosal sites, which is characterized by high levels of type II inflammatory cytokines. SHIP-/- mast cells and Mϕs have both been implicated in driving inflammation in the SHIP-/- mouse lung. SHIP-/- Mϕs drive Crohn's disease-like intestinal inflammation and fibrosis, which is dependent on heightened responses to innate immune stimuli generating IL-1, and IL-4 inducing abundant arginase I. Both lung and gut pathology translate to human disease as low SHIP levels and activity have been associated with allergy and with Crohn's disease in people. In this review, we summarize seminal literature and recent advances that provide insight into SHIP's role in mast cells and Mϕs, the contribution of these cell types to pathology in the SHIP-/- mouse, and describe how these findings translate to human disease and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dobranowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Pauls SD, Marshall AJ. Regulation of immune cell signaling by SHIP1: A phosphatase, scaffold protein, and potential therapeutic target. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:932-945. [PMID: 28480512 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide phosphatase SHIP is a critical regulator of immune cell activation. Despite considerable study, the mechanisms controlling SHIP activity to ensure balanced cell activation remain incompletely understood. SHIP dampens BCR signaling in part through its association with the inhibitory coreceptor Fc gamma receptor IIB, and serves as an effector for other inhibitory receptors in various immune cell types. The established paradigm emphasizes SHIP's inhibitory receptor-dependent function in regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling by dephosphorylating the phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 ; however, substantial evidence indicates that SHIP can be activated independently of inhibitory receptors and can function as an intrinsic brake on activation signaling. Here, we integrate historical and recent reports addressing the regulation and function of SHIP in immune cells, which together indicate that SHIP acts as a multifunctional protein controlled by multiple regulatory inputs, and influences downstream signaling via both phosphatase-dependent and -independent means. We further summarize accumulated evidence regarding the functions of SHIP in B cells, T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and macrophages, and data suggesting defective expression or activity of SHIP in autoimmune and malignant disorders. Lastly, we discuss the biological activities, therapeutic promise, and limitations of small molecule modulators of SHIP enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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7
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Zhang Z, Wu N, Lu Y, Davidson D, Colonna M, Veillette A. DNAM-1 controls NK cell activation via an ITT-like motif. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2165-82. [PMID: 26552706 PMCID: PMC4647266 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAM-1–mediated active biochemical signals initiated by a conserved ITT-like motif are essential for its capacity to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Enhancement of these signals may underlie the therapeutic impact of blocking anti-TIGIT antibodies for treatment of cancer and viral infections. DNAM-1 (CD226) is an activating receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and other immune cells. Upon recognition of its ligands, CD155 and CD112, DNAM-1 promotes NK cell–mediated elimination of transformed and virus-infected cells. It also has a key role in expansion and maintenance of virus-specific memory NK cells. Herein, the mechanism by which DNAM-1 controls NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production was elucidated. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production triggered by DNAM-1 were mediated via a conserved tyrosine- and asparagine-based motif in the cytoplasmic domain of DNAM-1. Upon phosphorylation by Src kinases, this motif enabled binding of DNAM-1 to adaptor Grb2, leading to activation of enzymes Vav-1, phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase, and phospholipase C-γ1. It also promoted activation of kinases Erk and Akt, and calcium fluxes. Although, as reported, DNAM-1 promoted adhesion, this function was signal-independent and insufficient to promote cytotoxicity. DNAM-1 signaling was also required to enhance cytotoxicity, by increasing actin polymerization and granule polarization. We propose that DNAM-1 promotes NK cell activation via an immunoreceptor tyrosine tail (ITT)–like motif coupling DNAM-1 to Grb2 and other downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ning Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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8
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Malik M, Parikh I, Vasquez JB, Smith C, Tai L, Bu G, LaDu MJ, Fardo DW, Rebeck GW, Estus S. Genetics ignite focus on microglial inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:52. [PMID: 26438529 PMCID: PMC4595327 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past five years, a series of large-scale genetic studies have revealed novel risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Analyses of these risk factors have focused attention upon the role of immune processes in AD, specifically microglial function. In this review, we discuss interpretation of genetic studies. We then focus upon six genes implicated by AD genetics that impact microglial function: TREM2, CD33, CR1, ABCA7, SHIP1, and APOE. We review the literature regarding the biological functions of these six proteins and their putative role in AD pathogenesis. We then present a model for how these factors may interact to modulate microglial function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Malik
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Ishita Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Jared B Vasquez
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Conor Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Leon Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Steven Estus
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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9
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Rudge SA, Wakelam MJO. Phosphatidylinositolphosphate phosphatase activities and cancer. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:176-92. [PMID: 26302980 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r059154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways mediates the actions of a plethora of hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters upon their target cells following receptor occupation. Overactivation of these pathways has been implicated in a number of pathologies, in particular a range of malignancies. The tight regulation of signaling pathways necessitates the involvement of both stimulatory and terminating enzymes; inappropriate activation of a pathway can thus result from activation or inhibition of the two signaling arms. The focus of this review is to discuss, in detail, the activities of the identified families of phosphoinositide phosphatase expressed in humans, and how they regulate the levels of phosphoinositides implicated in promoting malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Rudge
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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10
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11
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Taylor EB, Nayak DK, Quiniou SMA, Bengten E, Wilson M. Identification of SHIP-1 and SHIP-2 homologs in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:79-87. [PMID: 25743379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Src homology domain 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatases (SHIP) proteins have diverse roles in signal transduction. SHIP-1 and SHIP-2 homologs were identified in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, based on sequence homology to murine and human SHIP sequences. Full-length cDNAs for catfish SHIP-1 and SHIP-2 (IpSHIP-1 and IpSHIP-2) were obtained using 5' and 3' RACE protocols. Catfish SHIP molecules share a high degree of sequence identity to their respective SHIP sequences from diverse taxa and both are encoded by single copy genes. IpSHIP-1 and IpSHIP-2 transcripts were expressed in all catfish tissues analyzed except for skin, and IpSHIP-1 message was more abundant than IpSHIP-2 message in lymphoid tissues. Catfish clonal B, cytotoxic T, and macrophage cell lines also expressed message for both molecules. IpSHIP-1 and IpSHIP-2 SH2 domains were expressed as recombinant proteins and were both found to be bound by cross-reacting rabbit anti-mouse SHIP-1 pAb. The anti-mouse SHIP-1 pAb also reacted with cell lysates from the cytotoxic T cell lines, macrophages and stimulated PBL. SHIP-1 is also phosphorylated at a conserved tyrosine residue, as shown by immunoprecipitation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Deepak K Nayak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sylvie M A Quiniou
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Eva Bengten
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Melanie Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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12
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Bauderlique-Le Roy H, Vennin C, Brocqueville G, Spruyt N, Adriaenssens E, Bourette RP. Enrichment of Human Stem-Like Prostate Cells with s-SHIP Promoter Activity Uncovers a Role in Stemness for the Long Noncoding RNA H19. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1252-62. [PMID: 25567531 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding normal and cancer stem cells should provide insights into the origin of prostate cancer and their mechanisms of resistance to current treatment strategies. In this study, we isolated and characterized stem-like cells present in the immortalized human prostate cell line, RWPE-1. We used a reporter system with green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the promoter of s-SHIP (for stem-SH2-domain-containing 5'-inositol phosphatase) whose stem cell-specific expression has been previously shown. We observed that s-SHIP-GFP-expressing RWPE-1 cells showed stem cell characteristics such as increased expression of stem cell surface markers (CD44, CD166, TROP2) and pluripotency transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2), and enhanced sphere-forming capacity and resistance to arsenite-induced cell death. Concomitant increased expression of the long noncoding RNA H19 was observed, which prompted us to investigate a putative role in stemness for this oncofetal gene. Targeted suppression of H19 with siRNA decreased Oct4 and Sox2 gene expression and colony-forming potential in RWPE-1 cells. Conversely, overexpression of H19 significantly increased gene expression of these two transcription factors and the sphere-forming capacity of RWPE-1 cells. Analysis of H19 expression in various prostate and mammary human cell lines revealed similarities with Sox2 expression, suggesting that a functional relationship may exist between H19 and Sox2. Collectively, we provide the first evidence that s-SHIP-GFP promoter reporter offers a unique marker for the enrichment of human stem-like cell populations and highlight a role in stemness for the long noncoding RNA H19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bauderlique-Le Roy
- 1 UMR 8161 CNRS, Institut de Biologie de Lille, SIRIC ONCOLille, Institut Pasteur de Lille , Lille, France
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13
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Gajadhar AS, Johnson H, Slebos RJC, Shaddox K, Wiles K, Washington MK, Herline AJ, Levine DA, Liebler DC, White FM. Phosphotyrosine signaling analysis in human tumors is confounded by systemic ischemia-driven artifacts and intra-specimen heterogeneity. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1495-503. [PMID: 25670172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein phosphorylation analysis may provide insight into intracellular signaling networks underlying tumor behavior, revealing diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic information. Human tumors collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas program potentially offer the opportunity to characterize activated networks driving tumor progression, in parallel with the genetic and transcriptional landscape already documented for these tumors. However, a critical question is whether cellular signaling networks can be reliably analyzed in surgical specimens, where freezing delays and spatial sampling disparities may potentially obscure physiologic signaling. To quantify the extent of these effects, we analyzed the stability of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) sites in ovarian and colon tumors collected under conditions of controlled ischemia and in the context of defined intratumoral sampling. Cold-ischemia produced a rapid, unpredictable, and widespread impact on tumor pTyr networks within 5 minutes of resection, altering up to 50% of pTyr sites by more than 2-fold. Effects on adhesion and migration, inflammatory response, proliferation, and stress response pathways were recapitulated in both ovarian and colon tumors. In addition, sampling of spatially distinct colon tumor biopsies revealed pTyr differences as dramatic as those associated with ischemic times, despite uniform protein expression profiles. Moreover, intratumoral spatial heterogeneity and pTyr dynamic response to ischemia varied dramatically between tumors collected from different patients. Overall, these findings reveal unforeseen phosphorylation complexity, thereby increasing the difficulty of extracting physiologically relevant pTyr signaling networks from archived tissue specimens. In light of this data, prospective tumor pTyr analysis will require appropriate sampling and collection protocols to preserve in vivo signaling features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Gajadhar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robbert J C Slebos
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. The Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kent Shaddox
- The Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kerry Wiles
- Cooperative Human Tissue Network Western Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mary Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alan J Herline
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- The Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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14
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Elong Edimo W, Schurmans S, Roger PP, Erneux C. SHIP2 signaling in normal and pathological situations: Its impact on cell proliferation. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 54:142-151. [PMID: 24091101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases are critical enzymes in modulating the concentrations of PI(3,4,5)P3, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. The SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 belong to this family of enzymes that dephosphorylate the 5 position of PI(3,4,5)P3 to produce PI(3,4)P2. Data obtained in zebrafish and in mice have shown that SHIP2 is critical in development and growth. Exome sequencing identifies mutations in the coding region of SHIP2 as a cause of opsismodysplasia, a severe but rare chondrodysplasia in human. SHIP2 has been reported to have both protumorigenic and tumor suppressor function in human cancer very much depending on the cell model. This could be linked to the relative importance of PI(3,4)P2 (a product of SHIP2 phosphatase activity) which is also controlled by the PI 4-phosphatase and tumor suppressor INPP4B. In the glioblastoma cell line 1321 N1, that do not express PTEN, lowering SHIP2 expression has an impact on the levels of PI(3,4,5)P3, cell morphology and cell proliferation. It positively stimulates cell proliferation by decreasing the expression of key regulatory proteins of the cell cycle such as p27. Together the data point out to a role of SHIP2 in development in normal cells and at least in cell proliferation in some cancer derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William's Elong Edimo
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratoire de Génétique fonctionnelle, GIGA-Research Centre, Secteur de Biochimie Métabolique, Département des Sciences Fonctionnelles (Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire), Université de Liège, 1 rue de l'Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium
| | - Pierre P Roger
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides are the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol, and play a very significant role in a diverse range of signaling processes in eukaryotic cells. A number of phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes, including phosphoinositide-kinases and phosphatases are involved in the synthesis and degradation of these phospholipids. Recently, the function of various phosphatases in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway has been of great interest. In the present review we summarize the structural insights and biochemistry of various phosphatases in regulating phosphoinositide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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16
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Gumbleton M, Kerr WG. Role of inositol phospholipid signaling in natural killer cell biology. Front Immunol 2013; 4:47. [PMID: 23508471 PMCID: PMC3589743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important for host defense against malignancy and infection. At a cellular level NK cells are activated when signals from activating receptors exceed signaling from inhibitory receptors. At a molecular level NK cells undergo an education process to both prevent autoimmunity and acquire lytic capacity. Mouse models have shown important roles for inositol phospholipid signaling in lymphocytes. NK cells from mice with deletion in different members of the inositol phospholipid signaling pathway exhibit defects in development, NK cell repertoire expression and effector function. Here we review the current state of knowledge concerning the function of inositol phospholipid signaling components in NK cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gumbleton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
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17
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Riedel A, Mofolo B, Avota E, Schneider-Schaulies S, Meintjes A, Mulder N, Kneitz S. Accumulation of splice variants and transcripts in response to PI3K inhibition in T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e50695. [PMID: 23383294 PMCID: PMC3562341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measles virus (MV) causes T cell suppression by interference with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation. We previously found that this interference affected the activity of splice regulatory proteins and a T cell inhibitory protein isoform was produced from an alternatively spliced pre-mRNA. Hypothesis Differentially regulated and alternatively splice variant transcripts accumulating in response to PI3K abrogation in T cells potentially encode proteins involved in T cell silencing. Methods To test this hypothesis at the cellular level, we performed a Human Exon 1.0 ST Array on RNAs isolated from T cells stimulated only or stimulated after PI3K inhibition. We developed a simple algorithm based on a splicing index to detect genes that undergo alternative splicing (AS) or are differentially regulated (RG) upon T cell suppression. Results Applying our algorithm to the data, 9% of the genes were assigned as AS, while only 3% were attributed to RG. Though there are overlaps, AS and RG genes differed with regard to functional regulation, and were found to be enriched in different functional groups. AS genes targeted extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, while RG genes were mainly enriched in cytokine-receptor interaction and Jak-STAT. When combined, AS/RG dependent alterations targeted pathways essential for T cell receptor signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell cycle entry. Conclusions PI3K abrogation interferes with key T cell activation processes through both differential expression and alternative splicing, which together actively contribute to T cell suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Riedel
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Boitumelo Mofolo
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ayton Meintjes
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola Mulder
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Brauer H, Strauss J, Wegner W, Müller-Tidow C, Horstmann M, Jücker M. Leukemia-associated mutations in SHIP1 inhibit its enzymatic activity, interaction with the GM-CSF receptor and Grb2, and its ability to inactivate PI3K/AKT signaling. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2095-101. [PMID: 22820502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1 is a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is constitutively activated in 50-70% of acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Ten different missense mutations in SHIP1 have been described in 3% of AML patients suggesting a functional role of SHIP1 in AML. Here, we report the identification of two new SHIP1 mutations T162P and R225W that were detected in 2 and 1 out of 96 AML patients, respectively. The functional analysis of all 12 AML-associated SHIP1 mutations, one ALL-associated SHIP1 mutation (Q1076X) and a missense SNP (H1168Y) revealed that two mutations i.e. Y643H and P1039S abrogated the ability of SHIP1 to reduce constitutive PI3K/AKT signaling in Jurkat cells. The loss of function of SHIP1 mutant Y643H which is localized in the inositol phosphatase domain was due to a reduction of the specific activity by 84%. Because all other SHIP1 mutants had a normal enzymatic activity, we assumed that these SHIP1 mutants may be functionally impaired due to a loss of interaction with plasma membrane receptors or adapter proteins. In agreement with this model, we found that the SHIP1 mutant F28L located in the FLVR motif of the SH2 domain was incapable of binding tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins including the GM-CSF receptor and that the SHIP1 mutant Q1076X lost its ability to bind to the C-terminal SH3 domain of the adapter protein Grb2. In addition, SHIP1 mutant P1039S which does not reduce PI3K/AKT signaling anymore is located in a PXXP SH3 domain consensus binding motif suggesting that mutation of the conserved proline residue interferes with binding of SHIP1 to a so far unidentified SH3 domain containing protein. In summary, our data indicate that SHIP1 mutations detected in human leukemia patients impair the negative regulatory function of SHIP1 on PI3K/AKT signaling in leukemia cells either directly by reduced enzymatic activity or indirectly by disturbed protein interaction with tyrosine-phosphorylated membrane receptors or adapter proteins. These results further support a functional role of SHIP1 as tumor suppressor protein in the pathogenesis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Brauer
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Condé C, Rambout X, Lebrun M, Lecat A, Di Valentin E, Dequiedt F, Piette J, Gloire G, Legrand S. The inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 inhibits NOD2-induced NF-κB activation by disturbing the interaction of XIAP with RIP2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41005. [PMID: 22815893 PMCID: PMC3398883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SHIP-1 is an inositol phosphatase predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Over the ten past years, SHIP-1 has been described as an important regulator of immune functions. Here, we characterize a new inhibitory function for SHIP-1 in NOD2 signaling. NOD2 is a crucial cytoplasmic bacterial sensor that activates proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses upon bacterial invasion. We observed that SHIP-1 decreases NOD2-induced NF-κB activation in macrophages. This negative regulation relies on its interaction with XIAP. Indeed, we observed that XIAP is an essential mediator of the NOD2 signaling pathway that enables proper NF-κB activation in macrophages. Upon NOD2 activation, SHIP-1 C-terminal proline rich domain (PRD) interacts with XIAP, thereby disturbing the interaction between XIAP and RIP2 in order to decrease NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Condé
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Signal Transduction Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Xavier Rambout
- The laboratory of protein signaling and interactions, Signal Transduction Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marielle Lebrun
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Signal Transduction Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurore Lecat
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Signal Transduction Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Franck Dequiedt
- The laboratory of protein signaling and interactions, Signal Transduction Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Signal Transduction Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Gloire
- Interface Entreprises-Université Liège Science park, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Legrand
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Signal Transduction Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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20
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Edimo WE, Janssens V, Waelkens E, Erneux C. Reversible Ser/Thr SHIP phosphorylation: a new paradigm in phosphoinositide signalling?: Targeting of SHIP1/2 phosphatases may be controlled by phosphorylation on Ser and Thr residues. Bioessays 2012; 34:634-42. [PMID: 22641604 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PI) phosphatases such as the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatases 1/2 (SHIP1 and 2) are important signalling enzymes in human physiopathology. SHIP1/2 interact with a large number of immune and growth factor receptors. Tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1/2 has been considered to be the determining regulatory modification. However, here we present a hypothesis, based on recent key publications, highlighting the determining role of Ser/Thr phosphorylation in regulating several key properties of SHIP1/2. Since a subunit of the Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A has been shown to interact with SHIP2, a putative mechanism for reversing SHIP2 Ser/Thr phosphorylation can be anticipated. PI phosphatases are potential target molecules in human diseases, particularly, but not exclusively, in cancer and diabetes. Therefore, this novel regulatory mechanism deserves further attention in the hunt for discovering novel or complementary therapeutic strategies. This mechanism may be more broadly involved in regulating PI signalling in the case of synaptojanin1 or the phosphatase, tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- William's Elong Edimo
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Evidence of SHIP2 Ser132 phosphorylation, its nuclear localization and stability. Biochem J 2011; 439:391-401. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 are major signalling molecules in mammalian cell biology. PtdIns(3,4)P2 can be produced by PI3Ks [PI (phosphoinositide) 3-kinases], but also by PI 5-phosphatases including SHIP2 [SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain-containing inositol phosphatase 2]. Proteomic studies in human cells revealed that SHIP2 can be phosphorylated at more than 20 sites, but their individual function is unknown. In a model of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10)-null astrocytoma cells, lowering SHIP2 expression leads to increased PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels and Akt phosphorylation. MS analysis identified SHIP2 phosphosites on Ser132, Thr1254 and Ser1258; phosphotyrosine-containing sites were undetectable. By immunostaining, total SHIP2 concentrated in the perinuclear area and in the nucleus, whereas SHIP2 phosphorylated on Ser132 was in the cytoplasm, the nucleus and nuclear speckles, depending on the cell cycle stage. SHIP2 phosphorylated on Ser132 demonstrated PtdIns(4,5)P2 phosphatase activity. Endogenous phospho-SHIP2 (Ser132) showed an overlap with PtdIns(4,5)P2 staining in nuclear speckles. SHIP2 S132A was less sensitive to C-terminal degradation and more resistant to calpain as compared with wild-type enzyme. We have identified nuclear lamin A/C as a novel SHIP2 interactor. We suggest that the function of SHIP2 is different at the plasma membrane where it recognizes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, and in the nucleus where it may interact with PtdIns(4,5)P2, particularly in speckles.
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22
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SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase inhibits transformation of Abelson murine leukemia virus. J Virol 2011; 85:9239-42. [PMID: 21697469 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05115-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
v-Abl protein tyrosine kinase encoded by Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MLV) transforms pre-B cells. Transformation requires the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. This pathway is antagonized by SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase (SHIP), raising the possibility that v-Abl modulates PI3K signaling through SHIP. Consistent with this, we show that v-Abl expression reduces levels of full-length p145 SHIP in a v-Abl kinase activity-dependent fashion. This event requires signals from the Abl SH2 domain but not the carboxyl terminus. Forced expression of full-length SHIP significantly reduces Ab-MLV pre-B-cell transformation. Therefore, reduction of SHIP protein by v-Abl is a critical component in Ab-MLV transformation.
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23
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Mehta P, Wavreille AS, Justiniano SE, Marsh RL, Yu J, Burry RW, Jarjoura D, Eubank T, Caligiuri MA, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S. LyGDI, a novel SHIP-interacting protein, is a negative regulator of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21175. [PMID: 21695085 PMCID: PMC3114867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SHIP and SHIP-2 are inositol phosphatases that regulate FcγR-mediated phagocytosis through catalytic as well as non-catalytic mechanisms. In this study we have used two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis to identify downstream signaling proteins that uniquely associate with SHIP or SHIP-2 upon FcγR clustering in human monocytes. We identified LyGDI as a binding partner of SHIP, associating inducibly with the SHIP/Grb2/Shc complex. Immunodepletion and competition experiments with recombinant SHIP domains revealed that Grb2 and the proline-rich domain of SHIP were necessary for SHIP-LyGDI association. Functional studies in primary human monocytes showed that LyGDI sequesters Rac in the cytosol, preventing it from localizing to the membrane. Consistent with this, suppression of LyGDI expression resulted in significantly enhanced FcγR-mediated phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mehta
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anne-Sophie Wavreille
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Justiniano
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Marsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Burry
- Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Jarjoura
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy Eubank
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Butchar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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24
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Condé C, Gloire G, Piette J. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of SHIP-1 in signal transduction and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1320-34. [PMID: 21672530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PI3K cascade is a central signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and survival. Tight regulation of the PI3K signaling pathway is necessary to avoid aberrant cell proliferation and cancer development. Together with SHIP-1, the inositol phosphatases PTEN and SHIP-2 are the gatekeepers of this pathway. In this review, we will focus on SHIP-1 functions. Negative regulation of immune cell activation by SHIP-1 is well characterized. Besides its catalytic activity, SHIP-1 also displays non-enzymatic activity playing role in several immune pathways. Indeed, SHIP-1 exhibits several domains that mediate protein-protein interaction. This review emphasizes the negative regulation of immune cell activation by SHIP-1 that is mediated by its protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Condé
- Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, GIGA-Research B34, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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25
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The host phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 regulates dissemination of vaccinia virus. J Virol 2011; 85:7402-10. [PMID: 21543482 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02391-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
After fusing with the plasma membrane, enveloped poxvirus virions form actin-filled membranous protrusions, called tails, beneath themselves and move toward adjacent uninfected cells. While much is known about the host and viral proteins that mediate formation of actin tails, much less is known about the factors controlling release. We found that the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 localizes to actin tails. Localization requires phosphotyrosine, Abl and Src family tyrosine kinases, and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) but not the Arp2/Arp3 complex or actin. Cells lacking SHIP2 have normal actin tails but release more virus. Moreover, cells infected with viral strains with mutations in the release inhibitor A34 release more virus but recruit less SHIP2 to tails. Thus, the inhibitory effects of A34 on virus release are mediated by SHIP2. Together, these data suggest that SHIP2 and A34 may act as gatekeepers to regulate dissemination of poxviruses when environmental conditions are conducive.
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26
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Neumann K, Oellerich T, Heine I, Urlaub H, Engelke M. Fc gamma receptor IIb modulates the molecular Grb2 interaction network in activated B cells. Cell Signal 2011; 23:893-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Kerr WG, Colucci F. Inositol phospholipid signaling and the biology of natural killer cells. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:249-57. [PMID: 21422750 DOI: 10.1159/000323920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) isoenzymes catalyzes the production of second messengers that recruit critical regulators of cell growth, survival, proliferation and motility. Conversely, 3'-(phosphatase and tensin homolog) and 5'-inositol polyphosphatases (SH2-containing inositol phosphatases 1/2, SHIP1/2) are recruited to sites of PI3K signaling at the plasma membrane to oppose or, in some cases, to modify and enhance PI3K signaling. A substantial and growing body of literature demonstrates that these enzymes which mediate interchange of phosphates on inositol phospholipid species at the plasma membrane have prominent roles in natural killer cell biology, including development, effector functions and trafficking. Here, we review the salient points of these recent papers with a special emphasis on the role of p110δ and SHIP1 in natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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28
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Abstract
SHIP1 is at the nexus of intracellular signaling pathways in immune cells that mediate bone marrow (BM) graft rejection, production of inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines, immunoregulatory cell formation, the BM niche that supports development of the immune system, and immune cancers. This review summarizes how SHIP participates in normal immune physiology or the pathologies that result when SHIP is mutated. This review also proposes that SHIP can have either inhibitory or activating roles in cell signaling that are determined by whether signaling pathways distal to PI3K are promoted by SHIP's substrate (PI(3,4,5)P(3) ) or its product (PI(3,4)P(2) ). This review also proposes the "two PIP hypothesis" that postulates that both SHIP's product and its substrate are necessary for a cancer cell to achieve and sustain a malignant state. Finally, due to the recent discovery of small molecule antagonists and agonists for SHIP, this review discusses potential therapeutic settings where chemical modulation of SHIP might be of benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Kerr
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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29
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Hamilton MJ, Ho VW, Kuroda E, Ruschmann J, Antignano F, Lam V, Krystal G. Role of SHIP in cancer. Exp Hematol 2010; 39:2-13. [PMID: 21056081 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase, SHIP (or SHIP1), is a hematopoietic-restricted phosphatidylinositide phosphatase that translocates to the plasma membrane after extracellular stimulation and hydrolyzes the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-generated second messenger PI-3,4,5-P(3) to PI-3,4-P(2). As a result, SHIP dampens down PI-3,4,5-P(3)-mediated signaling and represses the proliferation, differentiation, survival, activation, and migration of hematopoietic cells. There are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that SHIP may act as a tumor suppressor during leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis. Because of its ability to skew macrophage progenitors toward M1 macrophages and naïve T cells toward T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells, SHIP may play a critical role in activating the immune system to eradicate solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the role of SHIP in hematopoietic cells and its therapeutic potential in terms of suppressing leukemias and lymphomas and manipulating the immune system to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa J Hamilton
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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30
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Abstract
Second messenger molecules relay, amplify, and diversify cell surface receptor signals. Two important examples are phosphorylated D-myo-inositol derivatives, such as phosphoinositide lipids within cellular membranes, and soluble inositol phosphates. Here, we review how phosphoinositide metabolism generates multiple second messengers with important roles in T-cell development and function. They include soluble inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate, long known for its Ca(2+)-mobilizing function, and phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate, whose generation by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and turnover by the phosphatases PTEN and SHIP control a key "hub" of TCR signaling. More recent studies unveiled important second messenger functions for diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and soluble inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP(4)) in immune cells. Inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate acts as a soluble phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate analog to control protein membrane recruitment. We propose that phosphoinositide lipids and soluble inositol phosphates (IPs) can act as complementary partners whose interplay could have broadly important roles in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina H Huang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Ruela-de-Sousa RR, Queiroz KCS, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM. Reversible phosphorylation in haematological malignancies: potential role for protein tyrosine phosphatases in treatment? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:287-303. [PMID: 20659529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Most aspects of leukocyte physiology are under the control of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation. It is clear that excessive phosphorylation of signal transduction elements is a pivotal element of many different pathologies including haematological malignancies and accordingly, strategies that target such phosphorylation have clinically been proven highly successful for treatment of multiple types of leukemias and lymphomas. Cellular phosphorylation status is dependent on the resultant activity of kinases and phosphatases. The cell biology of the former is now well understood; for most cellular phosphoproteins we now know the kinases responsible for their phosphorylation and we understand the principles of their aberrant activity in disease. With respect to phosphatases, however, our knowledge is much patchier. Although the sequences of whole genomes allow us to identify phosphatases using in silico methodology, whereas transcription profiling allows us to understand how phosphatase expression is regulated during disease, most functional questions as to substrate specificity, dynamic regulation of phosphatase activity and potential for therapeutic intervention are still to a large degree open. Nevertheless, recent studies have allowed us to make meaningful statements on the role of tyrosine phosphatase activity in the three major signaling pathways that are commonly affected in leukemias, i.e. the Ras-Raf-ERK1/2, the Jak-STAT and the PI3K-PKB-mTOR pathways. Lessons learned from these pathways may well be applicable elsewhere in leukocyte biology as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R Ruela-de-Sousa
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Bankaitis VA. Phosphoinositide phosphatases in cell biology and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:201-17. [PMID: 20043944 PMCID: PMC2873057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are essential signaling molecules linked to a diverse array of cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. The metabolic interconversions of these phospholipids are subject to exquisite spatial and temporal regulation executed by arrays of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes. These include PtdIns- and phosphoinositide-kinases that drive phosphoinositide synthesis, and phospholipases and phosphatases that regulate phosphoinositide degradation. In the past decade, phosphoinositide phosphatases have emerged as topics of particular interest. This interest is driven by the recent appreciation that these enzymes represent primary mechanisms for phosphoinositide degradation, and because of their ever-increasing connections with human diseases. Herein, we review the biochemical properties of six major phosphoinositide phosphatases, the functional involvements of these enzymes in regulating phosphoinositide metabolism, the pathologies that arise from functional derangements of individual phosphatases, and recent ideas concerning the involvements of phosphoinositide phosphatases in membrane traffic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7090, USA
| | - Vytas A. Bankaitis
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7090, USA
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Abstract
The growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is a ubiquitously expressed and evolutionary conserved adapter protein possessing a plethora of described interaction partners for the regulation of signal transduction. In B lymphocytes, the Grb2-mediated scaffolding function controls the assembly and subcellular targeting of activating as well as inhibitory signalosomes in response to ligation of the antigen receptor. Also, integration of simultaneous signals from B-cell coreceptors that amplify or attenuate antigen receptor signal output relies on Grb2. Hence, Grb2 is an essential signal integrator. The key question remains, however, of how pathway specificity can be maintained during signal homeostasis critically required for the balance between immune cell activation and tolerance induction. Here, we summarize the molecular network of Grb2 in B cells and introduce a proteomic approach to elucidate the interactome of Grb2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Neumann
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Parry RV, Harris SJ, Ward SG. Fine tuning T lymphocytes: A role for the lipid phosphatase SHIP-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:592-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cooper JB, Cohen EEW. Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2009; 31:1086-94. [PMID: 19378324 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase that activates multiple signaling pathways, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/v-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog protein (Akt), has long been a target of novel therapies. Despite universal EGFR expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the majority of patients do not respond to EGFR inhibitors. This review focuses on mechanisms of resistance to these agents in HNSCC, and how these may be unique when compared with other malignancies such as non-small cell lung and colorectal cancers. Published studies and abstracts reveal that there are likely several mechanisms underlying resistance, suggesting that different strategies will be required to improve efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Cooper
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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The role of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases in cellular function and human disease. Biochem J 2009; 419:29-49. [PMID: 19272022 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are membrane-bound signalling molecules that regulate cell proliferation and survival, cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicular trafficking by recruiting effector proteins to cellular membranes. Growth factor or insulin stimulation induces a canonical cascade resulting in the transient phosphorylation of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) by PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) to form PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), which is rapidly dephosphorylated either by PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) back to PtdIns(4,5)P(2), or by the 5-ptases (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases), generating PtdIns(3,4)P(2). The 5-ptases also hydrolyse PtdIns(4,5)P(2), forming PtdIns4P. Ten mammalian 5-ptases have been identified, which share a catalytic mechanism similar to that of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases. Gene-targeted deletion of 5-ptases in mice has revealed that these enzymes regulate haemopoietic cell proliferation, synaptic vesicle recycling, insulin signalling, endocytosis, vesicular trafficking and actin polymerization. Several studies have revealed that the molecular basis of Lowe's syndrome is due to mutations in the 5-ptase OCRL (oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe). Futhermore, the 5-ptases SHIP [SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain-containing inositol phosphatase] 2, SKIP (skeletal muscle- and kidney-enriched inositol phosphatase) and 72-5ptase (72 kDa 5-ptase)/Type IV/Inpp5e (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase E) are implicated in negatively regulating insulin signalling and glucose homoeostasis in specific tissues. SHIP2 polymorphisms are associated with a predisposition to insulin resistance. Gene profiling studies have identified changes in the expression of various 5-ptases in specific cancers. In addition, 5-ptases such as SHIP1, SHIP2 and 72-5ptase/Type IV/Inpp5e regulate macrophage phagocytosis, and SHIP1 also controls haemopoietic cell proliferation. Therefore the 5-ptases are a significant family of signal-modulating enzymes that govern a plethora of cellular functions by regulating the levels of specific phosphoinositides. Emerging studies have implicated their loss or gain of function in human disease.
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Steelman LS, Stadelman KM, Chappell WH, Horn S, Bäsecke J, Cervello M, Nicoletti F, Libra M, Stivala F, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA. Akt as a therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:1139-65. [PMID: 18694380 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.9.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is central in the transmission of growth regulatory signals originating from cell surface receptors. OBJECTIVE This review discusses how mutations occur that result in elevated expression the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway and lead to malignant transformation, and how effective targeting of this pathway may result in suppression of abnormal growth of cancer cells. METHODS We searched the literature for articles which dealt with altered expression of this pathway in various cancers including: hematopoietic, melanoma, non-small cell lung, pancreatic, endometrial and ovarian, breast, prostate and hepatocellular. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently aberrantly regulated in various cancers and targeting this pathway with small molecule inhibitors and may result in novel, more effective anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Steelman
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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SH2-inositol phosphatase 1 negatively influences early megakaryocyte progenitors. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3565. [PMID: 18958162 PMCID: PMC2569203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The SH2-containing-5′inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP) influences signals downstream of cytokine/chemokine receptors that play a role in megakaryocytopoiesis, including thrombopoietin, stromal-cell-derived-Factor-1/CXCL-12 and interleukin-3. We hypothesize that SHIP might control megakaryocytopoiesis through effects on proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors (MKP) and megakaryocytes (MK). Methodology and Principal Findings Herein, we report the megakaryocytic phenotype and MK functional assays of hematopoietic organs of two strains of SHIP deficient mice with deletion of the SHIP promoter/first exon or the inositol phosphatase domain. Both SHIP deficient strains exhibit a profound increase in MKP numbers in bone marrow (BM), spleen and blood as analyzed by flow cytometry (Lin−c-Kit+CD41+) and functional assays (CFU-MK). SHIP deficient MKP display increased phosphorylation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT-3), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Despite increased MKP content, total body number of mature MK (Lin−c-kit−CD41+) are not significantly changed as SHIP deficient BM contains reduced MK while spleen MK numbers are increased. Reduction of CXCR-4 expression in SHIP deficient MK may influence MK localization to the spleen instead of the BM. Endomitosis, process involved in MK maturation, was preserved in SHIP deficient MK. Circulating platelets and red blood cells are also reduced in SHIP deficient mice. Conclusions/Significance SHIP may play an important role in regulation of essential signaling pathways that control early megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo.
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Contributions of the Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR and Jak/STAT pathways to leukemia. Leukemia 2008; 22:686-707. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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McCubrey JA, Sokolosky ML, Lehmann BD, Taylor JR, Navolanic PM, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Stadelman KM, Wong EWT, Misaghian N, Horn S, Bäsecke J, Libra M, Stivala F, Ligresti G, Tafuri A, Milella M, Zarzycki M, Dzugaj A, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Martelli AM, Terrian DM, Franklin RA, Steelman LS. Alteration of Akt activity increases chemotherapeutic drug and hormonal resistance in breast cancer yet confers an achilles heel by sensitization to targeted therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 48:113-35. [PMID: 18423407 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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41
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PIP3 pathway in regulatory T cells and autoimmunity. Immunol Res 2008; 39:194-224. [PMID: 17917066 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-007-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in preventing both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Many recent studies have focused on defining the signal transduction pathways essential for the development and the function of Tregs. Increasing evidence suggest that T-cell receptor (TCR), interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (IL-2R), and co-stimulatory receptor signaling are important in the early development, peripheral homeostasis, and function of Tregs. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-regulated pathway (PIP3 pathway) is one of the major signaling pathways activated upon TCR, IL-2R, and CD28 stimulation, leading to T-cell activation, proliferation, and cell survival. Activation of the PIP3 pathway is also negatively regulated by two phosphatidylinositol phosphatases SHIP and PTEN. Several mouse models deficient for the molecules involved in PIP3 pathway suggest that impairment of PIP3 signaling leads to dysregulation of immune responses and, in some cases, autoimmunity. This review will summarize the current understanding of the importance of the PIP3 pathway in T-cell signaling and the possible roles this pathway performs in the development and the function of Tregs.
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42
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Gratacap MP, Séverin S, Chicanne G, Plantavid M, Payrastre B. Different roles of SHIP1 according to the cell context: The example of blood platelets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 48:240-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Harris SJ, Parry RV, Westwick J, Ward SG. Phosphoinositide lipid phosphatases: natural regulators of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:2465-9. [PMID: 18073217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r700044200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway has been implicated in a range of T lymphocyte cellular functions, particularly growth, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and survival. Dysregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling and function in leukocytes, including B and T lymphocytes, has been implicated in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As befits a pivotal signaling cascade, several mechanisms exist to ensure that the pathway is tightly regulated. This minireview focuses on two lipid phosphatases, viz. the 3'-phosphatase PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) and SHIP (Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase). We discuss their role in regulating T lymphocyte signaling as well their potential as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Harris
- Inflammatory Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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44
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Blero D, Payrastre B, Schurmans S, Erneux C. Phosphoinositide phosphatases in a network of signalling reactions. Pflugers Arch 2007; 455:31-44. [PMID: 17605038 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide phosphatases dephosphorylate the three positions (D-3, 4 and 5) of the inositol ring of the poly-phosphoinositides. They belong to different families of enzymes. The PtdIns(3,4)P(2) 4-phosphatase family, the tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), SAC1 domain phosphatases and myotubularins belong to the tyrosine protein phosphatases superfamily. They share the presence of a conserved cysteine residue in the consensus CX(5)RT/S. Another family consists of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase isoenzymes. The importance of these phosphoinositide phosphatases in cell regulation is illustrated by multiple examples of their implications in human diseases such as Lowe syndrome, X-linked myotubular myopathy, cancer, diabetes or bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blero
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Xing W, Hamaguchi M. Effects of SHIP-1 on MMP2 Secretion and Invasion of SR3Y1 Cells. J Genet Genomics 2007; 34:285-93. [PMID: 17498626 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(07)60030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
SHIP-1 is an SH2 domain containing inositol-5-phosphatase that appears to be a negative regulator of hematopoiesis. To the potential effects of SHIP-1 on MMP2 secretion and migration of cancer cells, three murine SHIP-1 mutants were made: DeltaSH2-SHIP-1, DeltaPtase-SHIP-1, DeltaCter-SHIP-1. These mutant forms were subcloned as well as the wild type (WT) of murine SHIP-1 cDNA were subcloned into pcDNA3 expression vector, then transfected into and overexpressed SHIP-1 and its mutants in a Src-transformed 3Y1 cell line (SR3Y1). The results showed that overexpression of wild type of SHIP-1 does not affect the MMP2 secretion in both SR3Y1 and 3Y1 cells, but can induce MMP9 secretion, while either WT SHIP-1, the SH2 domain, phosphatase domain, or C terminus deletion mutants could significantly block the MMP2 and MMP9 secretion in SR3Y1 cells and suppress cell invasion ability. The results confirmed SHIP-1 as a negative regulator for cell migration and invasion in transformed cells, and implied that it may function through each of its three domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Xing
- Department of Biology, Life Science College, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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46
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Franklin RA, Abrams SL, Chappell WH, Wong EWT, Lehmann BD, Terrian DM, Basecke J, Stivala F, Libra M, Evangelisti C, Martelli AM. Targeting the RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and p53 pathways in hematopoietic drug resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 47:64-103. [PMID: 17382374 PMCID: PMC2696319 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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47
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Desponts C, Ninos JM, Kerr WG. s-SHIP associates with receptor complexes essential for pluripotent stem cell growth and survival. Stem Cells Dev 2007; 15:641-6. [PMID: 17105399 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.15.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that have the ability to either self-renew or differentiate into any cell type found in the mammalian body. The signaling pathways required for self-renewal of these cells are yet to be defined. Previously we identified a stem cell-specific isoform of the protein SH2 domain-containing 5'-inositol phosphatase (SHIP) that we call s-SHIP, which is expressed in both pluripotent ES cells and adult tissue-specific multipotent cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). s-SHIP lacks an SH2 domain but contains a 5'-inositol phosphatase domain and several protein-protein interaction domains that potentially enable its participation in many different signaling pathways. Here we show that s-SHIP associates with gp130, which forms a heterodimeric complex with the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). Signaling through LIFR and other receptors that heterodimerize with gp130 is critical for growth and survival of ES cells and HSCs. Our findings provide biochemical evidence that s-SHIP participates in signaling pathways important for the maintenance of pluripotent stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desponts
- Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Institute,University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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48
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Vaillancourt M, Levasseur S, Tremblay ML, Marois L, Rollet-Labelle E, Naccache PH. The Src Homology 2-Containing Inositol 5-Phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) is involved in CD32a signaling in human neutrophils. Cell Signal 2006; 18:2022-32. [PMID: 16682172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) plays important signaling roles in immune cells, particularly in the control of activating pathways and of survival. It is formed by a family of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinases (PI3Ks) which phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P(2) in vivo. In human neutrophils, the levels of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) increase rapidly at the leading edge of locomoting cells and at the base of the phagocytic cup during FcgammaR-mediated particle ingestion. Even though these, and other, data indicate that PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) is involved in the control of chemotaxis and phagocytosis in human neutrophils, the mechanisms that regulate its levels have yet to be fully elucidated in these cells. We evaluated the potential implication of SHIP1 and PTEN, two lipid phosphatases that utilize PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) as substrate, in the signaling pathways called upon in response to CD32a cross-linking. We observed that the cross-linking of CD32a resulted in a transient accumulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3). CD32a cross-linking also induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1, its translocation to the plasma membrane and its co-immunoprecipitation with CD32a. CD32a cross-linking had no effect on the level of serine/threonine phosphorylation of PTEN and did not stimulate its translocation to the plasma membrane. PP2, a Src kinase inhibitor, inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1 as well as its translocation to the plasma membrane. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, had no effect on either of these two indices of activation of SHIP1. Our results indicate that SHIP1 is involved, in a Src kinase-dependent manner, in the early signaling events observed upon the cross-linking of CD32a in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Vaillancourt
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Room T1-49, 2705, Boulevard Laurier and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada
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49
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Zhang M, Fang X, Liu H, Wang S, Yang D. Blockade of AKT activation in prostate cancer cells with a small molecule inhibitor, 9-chloro-2-methylellipticinium acetate (CMEP). Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 73:15-24. [PMID: 16950208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AKT inhibitors are potentially promising drug candidates for the treatment of cancer. The inhibitory effects of a potent and selective AKT/BKB small molecule inhibitor, 9-chloro-2-methylellipticinium acetate (CMEP), on the activation of AKT, its antiproliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects in prostate cancer cell lines: DU-145, PC-3, LNCaP, and CL-1, an androgen-independent LNCaP variant, and CL-1 xenograft mouse model were assessed by Western blot analysis, kinase assay, cell survival assay, and apoptosis assay in this report. It has been observed that the expression levels of AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 vary, but the levels of phospho-Ser473 AKT and phospho-Thr308 AKT are quite unique in these cancer cell lines, and that CL-1 cells have the highest basal levels of AKT activation among these cell lines. In PC-3 cells, CMEP has been found to inhibit only AKT activation at both normal and serum-starvation conditions, not to inhibit PI3K, PDK1, or MAPK. More importantly, it has been discovered that CMEP inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells which have high-levels of AKT activation and lack PTEN or harbor PTEN mutation, such as CL-1, LNCaP, and PC-3; only shows a minimal activity in DU-145 cancer cells which do not have AKT activation. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that CMEP treatment inhibits phospho-Ser473 AKT and phospho-p70S6K while stimulating TSC2 in the tumor tissue from CL-1-bearing mice. In conclusion, by specific blockade of the activation of AKT, CMEP preferentially inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells which have high-levels of AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9142, United States.
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50
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Pesesse X, Backers K, Moreau C, Zhang J, Blero D, Paternotte N, Erneux C. SHIP1/2 interaction with tyrosine phosphorylated peptides mimicking an immunoreceptor signalling motif. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:142-53. [PMID: 16876851 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Pesesse
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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