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Wibisono P, Liu Y, Roberts KP, Baluya D, Sun J. Neuronal GPCR NMUR-1 regulates energy homeostasis in response to pathogen infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602733. [PMID: 39026696 PMCID: PMC11257582 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
A key question in current immunology is how the innate immune system generates high levels of specificity. Our previous study in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that NMUR-1, a neuronal G protein-coupled receptor homologous to mammalian receptors for the neuropeptide neuromedin U (NMU), regulates distinct innate immune responses to different bacterial pathogens. Here, by using quantitative proteomics and functional assays, we discovered that NMUR-1 regulates F1FO ATP synthase and ATP production in response to pathogen infection, and that such regulation contributes to NMUR-1-mediated specificity of innate immunity. We further demonstrated that ATP biosynthesis and its contribution to defense is neurally controlled by the NMUR-1 ligand CAPA-1 and its expressing neurons ASG. These findings indicate that NMUR-1 neural signaling regulates the specificity of innate immunity by controlling energy homeostasis as part of defense against pathogens. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the emerging roles of NMU signaling in immunity across animal phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Wibisono
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Yiyong Liu
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Genomics Core, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth P Roberts
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dodge Baluya
- Tissue Imaging, Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jingru Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Sundaram MV, Pujol N. The Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle and precuticle: a model for studying dynamic apical extracellular matrices in vivo. Genetics 2024:iyae072. [PMID: 38995735 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apical extracellular matrices (aECMs) coat the exposed surfaces of animal bodies to shape tissues, influence social interactions, and protect against pathogens and other environmental challenges. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, collagenous cuticle and zona pellucida protein-rich precuticle aECMs alternately coat external epithelia across the molt cycle and play many important roles in the worm's development, behavior, and physiology. Both these types of aECMs contain many matrix proteins related to those in vertebrates, as well as some that are nematode-specific. Extensive differences observed among tissues and life stages demonstrate that aECMs are a major feature of epithelial cell identity. In addition to forming discrete layers, some cuticle components assemble into complex substructures such as ridges, furrows, and nanoscale pillars. The epidermis and cuticle are mechanically linked, allowing the epidermis to sense cuticle damage and induce protective innate immune and stress responses. The C. elegans model, with its optical transparency, facilitates the study of aECM cell biology and structure/function relationships and all the myriad ways by which aECM can influence an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera V Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathalie Pujol
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
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Han J, Balasubramanian I, Flores JA, Bandyopadhyay S, Yang J, Liu Y, Singh R, Setty P, Kiela P, Ferraris R, Gao N. Intestinal lysozyme engagement of Salmonella Typhimurium stimulates the release of barrier-impairing InvE and Lpp1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107424. [PMID: 38823640 PMCID: PMC11255904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a β-1,4-glycosidase that hydrolyzes the polysaccharide backbone of bacterial cell walls. With an additional bactericidal function mediated by a separate protein domain, lysozyme is considered a uniquely important antimicrobial molecule contributing to the host's innate immune response to infection. Elevated lysozyme production is found in various inflammatory conditions while patients with genetic risks for inflammatory bowel diseases demonstrate abnormal lysozyme expression, granule packaging, and secretion in Paneth cells. However, it remains unclear how a gain- or loss-of-function in host lysozyme may impact the host inflammatory responses to pathogenic infection. We challenged Lyz1-/- and ectopic Lyz1-expressing (Villin-Lyz1TG) mice with S. Typhimurium and then comprehensively assessed the inflammatory disease progression. We conducted proteomics analysis to identify molecules derived from human lysozyme-mediated processing of live Salmonella. We examined the barrier-impairing effects of these identified molecules in human intestinal epithelial cell monolayer and enteroids. Lyz1-/- mice are protected from infection in terms of morbidity, mortality, and barrier integrity, whereas Villin-Lyz1TG mice demonstrate exacerbated infection and inflammation. The growth and invasion of Salmonella in vitro are not affected by human or chicken lysozyme, whereas lysozyme encountering of live Salmonella stimulates the release of barrier-disrupting factors, InvE-sipC and Lpp1, which directly or indirectly impair the tight junctions. The direct engagement of host intestinal lysozyme with an enteric pathogen such as Salmonella promotes the release of virulence factors that are barrier-impairing and pro-inflammatory. Controlling lysozyme function may help alleviate the inflammatory progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmeng Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Juan A Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Prashanth Setty
- Department of Pediatrics, Daniel Cracchiolo Institute for Pediatric Autoimmune Disease Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pawel Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, Daniel Cracchiolo Institute for Pediatric Autoimmune Disease Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ronaldo Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Lo WS, Sommer RJ, Han Z. Microbiota succession influences nematode physiology in a beetle microcosm ecosystem. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5137. [PMID: 38879542 PMCID: PMC11180206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Unravelling the multifaceted and bidirectional interactions between microbiota and host physiology represents a major scientific challenge. Here, we utilise the nematode model, Pristionchus pacificus, coupled to a laboratory-simulated decay process of its insect host, to mimic natural microbiota succession and investigate associated tripartite interactions. Metagenomics reveal that during initial decay stages, the population of vitamin B-producing bacteria diminishes, potentially due to a preferential selection by nematodes. As decay progresses to nutrient-depleted stages, bacteria with smaller genomes producing less nutrients become more prevalent. Lipid utilisation and dauer formation, representing key nematode survival strategies, are influenced by microbiota changes. Additionally, horizontally acquired cellulases extend the nematodes' reproductive phase due to more efficient foraging. Lastly, the expressions of Pristionchus species-specific genes are more responsive to natural microbiota compared to conserved genes, suggesting their importance in the organisms' adaptation to its ecological niche. In summary, we show the importance of microbial successions and their reciprocal interaction with nematodes for insect decay in semi-artificial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sui Lo
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ralf J Sommer
- Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Ziduan Han
- Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Lei M, Tan Y, Ke J, Wang M, He Z, Ou G, Tu H, Tan W. Loss of cilia in chemosensory neurons inhibits pathogen avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Microbes Infect 2024:105370. [PMID: 38843949 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen avoidance is a crucial and evolutionarily conserved behavior that enhances survival by preventing infection in diverse species, including Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This behavior relies on multiple chemosensory neurons equipped with cilia that are exposed to the external environment. However, the specific role of neuronal cilia in pathogen avoidance has not been completely elucidated. Herein, we discovered that osm-3(p802) mutants, which lack chemosensory neuronal cilia, exhibit slower avoidance of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, but not Escherichia coli OP50. This observation was consistent when osm-3(p802) mutants were exposed to P. aeruginosa PAO1. Following an encounter with PA14, the pumping, thrashing, and defecation behaviors of osm-3 mutants were comparable to those of the wild-type. However, the osm-3 mutants demonstrated reduced intestinal colonization of PA14, suggesting that they have stronger intestinal clearance ability. We conducted RNA-seq to identify genes responding to external stimuli that were differentially expressed owing to the loss of osm-3 and PA14 infection. Using RNAi, we demonstrated that three of these genes were essential for normal pathogen avoidance. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the loss of chemosensory neuronal cilia reduces pathogen avoidance in C. elegans while delaying intestinal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyi Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihong Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zou Y, Shikano Y, Nishina Y, Komatsu N, Kage-Nakadai E, Fujiwara M. Size, polyglycerol grafting, and net surface charge of iron oxide nanoparticles determine their interaction and toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142060. [PMID: 38648981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in environmental remediation has raised public concerns about their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Although appropriate surface modification can mitigate the ecotoxicity of NPs, the lack of polymer coating to inhibit toxicity completely and the insufficient knowledge about charge effect hinder the development of safe nanomaterials. Herein, we explored the potential of polyglycerol (PG) functionalization in alleviating the environmental risks of NPs. Iron oxide NPs (ION) of 20, 100, and 200 nm sizes (IONS, IONM and IONL, respectively) were grafted with PG to afford ION-PG. We examined the interaction of ION and ION-PG with Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and found that PG suppressed non-specific interaction of ION with C. elegans to reduce their accumulation and to inhibit their translocation. Particularly, IONS-PG was completely excluded from worms of all developmental stages. By covalently introducing sulfate, carboxyl and amino groups onto IONS-PG, we further demonstrated that positively charged IONS-PG-NH3+ induced high intestinal accumulation, cuticle adhesion and distal translocation, whereas the negatively charged IONS-PG-OSO3- and IONS-PG-COO- were excreted out. Consequently, no apparent deleterious effects on brood size and life span were observed in worms treated by IONS-PG and IONS-PG bearing negatively charged groups. This study presents new surface functionalization approaches for developing ecofriendly nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zou
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shikano
- Institute of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan; Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (C-AIR), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan; Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eriko Kage-Nakadai
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyosi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan; Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masazumi Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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7
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Ciccarelli EJ, Wing Z, Bendelstein M, Johal RK, Singh G, Monas A, Savage-Dunn C. TGF-β ligand cross-subfamily interactions in the response of Caenorhabditis elegans to a bacterial pathogen. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011324. [PMID: 38875298 PMCID: PMC11210861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) family consists of numerous secreted peptide growth factors that play significant roles in cell function, tissue patterning, and organismal homeostasis, including wound repair and immunity. Typically studied as homodimers, these ligands have the potential to diversify their functions through ligand interactions that may enhance, repress, or generate novel functions. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, there are only five TGF-β ligands, providing an opportunity to dissect ligand interactions in fewer combinations than in vertebrates. As in vertebrates, these ligands can be divided into bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF-β/Activin subfamilies that predominantly signal through discrete signaling pathways. The BMP subfamily ligand DBL-1 has been well studied for its role in the innate immune response in C. elegans. Here we show that all five TGF-β ligands play a role in survival on bacterial pathogens. We also demonstrate that multiple TGF-β ligand pairs act nonredundantly as part of this response. We show that the two BMP-like ligands-DBL-1 and TIG-2-function independently of each other in the immune response, while TIG-2/BMP and the TGF-β/Activin-like ligand TIG-3 function together. Structural modeling supports the potential for TIG-2 and TIG-3 to form heterodimers. Additionally, we identify TIG-2 and TIG-3 as members of a rare subset of TGF-β ligands lacking the conserved cysteine responsible for disulfide linking mature dimers. Finally, we show that canonical DBL-1/BMP receptor and Smad signal transducers function in the response to bacterial pathogens, while components of the DAF-7 TGF-β/Activin signaling pathway do not play a major role in survival. These results demonstrate a novel potential for BMP and TGF-β/Activin subfamily ligands to interact and may provide a mechanism for distinguishing the developmental and homeostatic functions of these ligands from an acute response such as the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jo Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Zachary Wing
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Moshe Bendelstein
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Ramandeep Kaur Johal
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Gurjot Singh
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Ayelet Monas
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, New York, United States of America
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8
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Kywe C, Lundquist EA, Ackley BD, Lansdon P. The MAB-5/Hox family transcription factor is important for Caenorhabditis elegans innate immune response to Staphylococcus epidermidis infection. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae054. [PMID: 38478633 PMCID: PMC11075571 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity functions as a rapid defense against broad classes of pathogenic agents. While the mechanisms of innate immunity in response to antigen exposure are well-studied, how pathogen exposure activates the innate immune responses and the role of genetic variation in immune activity is currently being investigated. Previously, we showed significant survival differences between the N2 and the CB4856 Caenorhabditis elegans isolates in response to Staphylococcus epidermidis infection. One of those differences was expression of the mab-5 Hox family transcription factor, which was induced in N2, but not CB4856, after infection. In this study, we use survival assays and RNA-sequencing to better understand the role of mab-5 in response to S. epidermidis. We found that mab-5 loss-of-function (LOF) mutants were more susceptible to S. epidermidis infection than N2 or mab-5 gain-of-function (GOF) mutants, but not as susceptible as CB4856 animals. We then conducted transcriptome analysis of infected worms and found considerable differences in gene expression profiles when comparing animals with mab-5 LOF to either N2 or mab-5 GOF. N2 and mab-5 GOF animals showed a significant enrichment in expression of immune genes and C-type lectins, whereas mab-5 LOF mutants did not. Overall, gene expression profiling in mab-5 mutants provided insight into MAB-5 regulation of the transcriptomic response of C. elegans to pathogenic bacteria and helps us to understand mechanisms of innate immune activation and the role that transcriptional regulation plays in organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kywe
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Erik A Lundquist
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Brian D Ackley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Patrick Lansdon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Lei M, Tan Y, Tu H, Tan W. Neuronal basis and diverse mechanisms of pathogen avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353747. [PMID: 38751431 PMCID: PMC11094273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen avoidance behaviour has been observed across animal taxa as a vital host-microbe interaction mechanism. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has evolved multiple diverse mechanisms for pathogen avoidance under natural selection pressure. We summarise the current knowledge of the stimuli that trigger pathogen avoidance, including alterations in aerotaxis, intestinal bloating, and metabolites. We then survey the neural circuits involved in pathogen avoidance, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of pathogen avoidance, signalling crosstalk between pathogen avoidance and innate immunity, and C. elegans avoidance of non-Pseudomonas bacteria. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in understanding host-microbe interactions and the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Wu TL, Wang BN, Yang AJ, Wang L, You YN, Zhou RQ. C-type lectin 4 of Toxocara canis activates NF-ĸB and MAPK pathways by modulating NOD1/2 and RIP2 in murine macrophages in vitro. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:189. [PMID: 38639821 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Toxocara canis is a parasitic zoonose that is distributed worldwide and is one of the two pathogens causing toxocariasis. After infection, it causes serious public health and safety problems, which pose significant veterinary and medical challenges. To better understand the regulatory effects of T. canis infection on the host immune cells, murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were incubated with recombinant T. canis C-type lectin 4 (rTc-CTL-4) protein in vitro. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to analyze the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1/2 (NOD1/2), receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on mRNA level and protein expression level in macrophages. Our results indicated that 10 μg/mL rTc-CTL-4 protein could modulate the expression of NOD1, NOD2, and RIP2 at both the transcriptional and translational levels. The protein translation levels of NF-κB, P-p65, p38, and P-p38 in macrophages were also modulated by rTc-CTL-4 protein. Macrophages were co-incubated with rTc-CTL-4 protein after siRNA silencing of NOD1, NOD2, and RIP2. The expression levels of NF-κB, P-p65, p38, and P-p38 were significantly changed compared with the negative control groups (Neg. Ctrl.). Taken together, rTc-CTL-4 protein seemed to act on NOD1/2-RIP2-NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages and might activate MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by regulating NOD1, NOD2, and RIP2. The insights from the above studies could contribute to our understanding of immune recognition and regulatory mechanisms of T. canis infection in the host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Le Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Bing-Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Ai-Jia Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yi-Ning You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Rong-Qiong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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11
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Pradeu T, Thomma BPHJ, Girardin SE, Lemaitre B. The conceptual foundations of innate immunity: Taking stock 30 years later. Immunity 2024; 57:613-631. [PMID: 38599162 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
While largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding of immunology. Innate immunity provides the first barrier to infection in vertebrates, and it is the sole mechanism of host defense in invertebrates and plants. Innate immunity also plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis, shaping the microbiota, and in disease contexts such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and aging. The emergence of the field of innate immunity has led to an expanded view of the immune system, which is no longer restricted to vertebrates and instead concerns all metazoans, plants, and even prokaryotes. The study of innate immunity has given rise to new concepts and language. Here, we review the history and definition of the core concepts of innate immunity, discussing their value and fruitfulness in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pradeu
- CNRS UMR 5164 ImmunoConcept, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Presidential Fellow, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Bart P H J Thomma
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Ciccarelli EJ, Bendelstein M, Yamamoto KK, Reich H, Savage-Dunn C. BMP signaling to pharyngeal muscle in the C. elegans response to a bacterial pathogen regulates anti-microbial peptide expression and pharyngeal pumping. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar52. [PMID: 38381557 PMCID: PMC11064665 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Host response to pathogens recruits multiple tissues in part through conserved cell signaling pathways. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) like DBL-1 signaling pathway has a role in the response to infection in addition to other roles in development and postdevelopmental functions. In the regulation of body size, the DBL-1 pathway acts through cell autonomous signal activation in the epidermis (hypodermis). We have now elucidated the tissues that respond to DBL-1 signaling upon exposure to two bacterial pathogens. The receptors and Smad signal transducers for DBL-1 are expressed in pharyngeal muscle, intestine, and epidermis. We demonstrate that expression of receptor-regulated Smad (R-Smad) gene sma-3 in the pharynx is sufficient to improve the impaired survival phenotype of sma-3 mutants and that expression of sma-3 in the intestine has no effect when exposing worms to bacterial infection of the intestine. We also show that two antimicrobial peptide genes - abf-2 and cnc-2 - are regulated by DBL-1 signaling through R-Smad SMA-3 activity in the pharynx. Finally, we show that pharyngeal pumping activity is reduced in sma-3 mutants and that other pharynx-defective mutants also have reduced survival on a bacterial pathogen. Our results identify the pharynx as a tissue that responds to BMP signaling to coordinate a systemic response to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jo Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10016
| | | | - Katerina K. Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10016
| | - Hannah Reich
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10016
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13
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Shu C, Ge L, Li Z, Chen B, Liao S, Lu L, Wu Q, Jiang X, An Y, Wang Z, Qu M. Antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oil and its main component of cinnamaldehyde and the underlying mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378434. [PMID: 38529191 PMCID: PMC10961361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Plant essential oils have long been regarded as repositories of antimicrobial agents. In recent years, they have emerged as potential alternatives or supplements to antimicrobial drugs. Although literature reviews and previous studies have indicated that cinnamon essential oil (CIEO) and its major component, cinnamaldehyde (CID), possess potent antibacterial activities, their antibacterial mechanisms, especially the in vivo antibacterial mechanisms, remain elusive. Methods: In this study, we utilized the in vivo assessment system of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to investigate the effects and mechanisms of high dose (100 mg/L) and low dose (10 mg/L) CIEO and CID in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). In addition, we also examined the in vitro antibacterial abilities of CIEO and CID against other common pathogens including P. aeruginosa and 4 other strains. Results: Our research revealed that both high (100 mg/L) and low doses (10 mg/L) of CIEO and CID treatment significantly alleviated the reduction in locomotion behavior, lifespan, and accumulation of P. aeruginosa in C. elegans infected with the bacteria. During P. aeruginosa infection, the transcriptional expression of antimicrobial peptide-related genes (lys-1 and lys-8) in C. elegans was upregulated with low-dose CIEO and CID treatment, while this trend was suppressed at high doses. Further investigation suggested that the PMK-1 mediated p38 signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of CIEO and CID during nematode defense against P. aeruginosa infection. Furthermore, in vitro experimental results also revealed that CIEO and CID exhibit good antibacterial effects, which may be associated with their antioxidant properties. Conclusion: Our results indicated that low-dose CIEO and CID treatment could activate the p38 signaling pathway in C. elegans, thereby regulating antimicrobial peptides, and achieving antimicrobial effects. Meanwhile, high doses of CIEO and CID might directly participate in the internal antimicrobial processes of C. elegans. Our study provides research basis for the antibacterial properties of CIEO and CID both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Shu
- School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Natural Daily Chemical Research Laboratory, Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Ge
- Natural Daily Chemical Research Laboratory, Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuohang Li
- Natural Daily Chemical Research Laboratory, Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Natural Daily Chemical Research Laboratory, Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengliang Liao
- School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Natural Daily Chemical Research Laboratory, Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinlin Wu
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan An
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongde Wang
- School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Man Qu
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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14
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Tran TD, Luallen RJ. An organismal understanding of C. elegans innate immune responses, from pathogen recognition to multigenerational resistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:77-84. [PMID: 36966075 PMCID: PMC10517082 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been a model for studying infection since the early 2000s and many major discoveries have been made regarding its innate immune responses. C. elegans has been found to utilize some key conserved aspects of immune responses and signaling, but new interesting features of innate immunity have also been discovered in the organism that might have broader implications in higher eukaryotes such as mammals. Some of the distinctive features of C. elegans innate immunity involve the mechanisms this bacterivore uses to detect infection and mount specific immune responses to different pathogens, despite lacking putative orthologs of many important innate immune components, including cellular immunity, the inflammasome, complement, or melanization. Even when orthologs of known immune factors exist, there appears to be an absence of canonical functions, most notably the lack of pattern recognition by its sole Toll-like receptor. Instead, recent research suggests that C. elegans senses infection by specific pathogens through contextual information, including unique products produced by the pathogen or infection-induced disruption of host physiology, similar to the proposed detection of patterns of pathogenesis in mammalian systems. Interestingly, C. elegans can also transfer information of past infection to their progeny, providing robust protection for their offspring in face of persisting pathogens, in part through the RNAi pathway as well as potential new mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Altogether, some of these strategies employed by C. elegans share key conceptual features with vertebrate adaptive immunity, as the animal can differentiate specific microbial features, as well as propagate a form of immune memory to their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan D Tran
- Department of Biology San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Robert J Luallen
- Department of Biology San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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15
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Ciccarelli EJ, Bendelstein M, Yamamoto KK, Reich H, Savage-Dunn C. BMP signaling to pharyngeal muscle in the C. elegans response to a bacterial pathogen regulates anti-microbial peptide expression and pharyngeal pumping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.06.531324. [PMID: 36945421 PMCID: PMC10028841 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Host response to pathogens recruits multiple tissues in part through conserved cell signaling pathways. In C. elegans, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) like DBL-1 signaling pathway has a role in the response to infection in addition to other roles in development and post-developmental functions. In the regulation of body size, the DBL-1 pathway acts through cell autonomous signal activation in the epidermis (hypodermis). We have now elucidated the tissues that respond to DBL-1 signaling upon exposure to two bacterial pathogens. The receptors and Smad signal transducers for DBL-1 are expressed in pharyngeal muscle, intestine, and epidermis. We demonstrate that expression of receptor-regulated Smad (R-Smad) gene sma-3 in the pharynx is sufficient to improve the impaired survival phenotype of sma-3 mutants and that expression of sma-3 in the intestine has no effect when exposing worms to bacterial infection of the intestine. We also show that two antimicrobial peptide genes - abf-2 and cnc-2 - are regulated by DBL-1 signaling through R-Smad SMA-3 activity in the pharynx. Finally, we show that pharyngeal pumping activity is reduced in sma-3 mutants and that other pharynx-defective mutants also have reduced survival on a bacterial pathogen. Our results identify the pharynx as a tissue that responds to BMP signaling to coordinate a systemic response to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jo Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing NY
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York NY
| | | | - Katerina K. Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing NY
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York NY
| | - Hannah Reich
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing NY
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing NY
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York NY
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16
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Wu D, Kong X, Zhang W, Di W. Reconstruction of the TGF-β signaling pathway of Fasciola gigantica. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:51. [PMID: 38095703 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we reconstructed the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway for Fasciola gigantica, which is a neglected tropical pathogen. We defined the components involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway and investigated the transcription profiles of these genes for all developmental stages of F. gigantica. In addition, the presence of these components in excretory and secretory products (FgESP) was predicted via signal peptide annotation. The core components of the TGF-β signaling pathway have been detected in F. gigantica; classical and nonclassical single transduction pathways were constructed. Four ligands have been detected, which may mediate the TGF-β signaling pathway and BMP signaling pathway. Two ligand-binding type II receptors were detected, and inhibitory Smad7 was not detected. TLP, BMP-3, BMP-1, and ActRIb showed higher transcription in 42-day juvenile and 70-day juvenile, while ActRIIa, Smad1, ActRIIb, Smad8, KAT2B, and PP2A showed higher transcription in egg. TLM, Ski, Smad6, BMPRI, p70S6K, Smad2, Smad3, TgfβRI, Smad4, and p300 showed higher transcription in metacercariae. Four ligands, 2 receptors and 3 Smads are predicted to be present in the FgESP, suggesting their potential extrinsic function. This study should help to understand signal transduction in the TGF-β signaling pathway in F. gigantica. In addition, this study helps to illustrate the complex mechanisms involved in developmental processes and F. gigantica - host interaction and paves the way for further characterization of the signaling pathway in trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinping Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenda Di
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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17
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Fanelli MJ, Welsh CM, Lui DS, Smulan LJ, Walker AK. Immunity-linked genes are stimulated by a membrane stress pathway linked to Golgi function and the ARF-1 GTPase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5545. [PMID: 38055815 PMCID: PMC10699786 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection response and other immunity-linked genes (ILGs) were first named in Caenorhabditis elegans-based expression after pathogen challenge, but many are also up-regulated when lipid metabolism is perturbed. Why pathogen attack and metabolic changes both increase ILGs is unclear. We find that ILGs are activated when phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels change in membranes of secretory organelles in C. elegans. RNAi targeting of the ADP-ribosylation factor arf-1, which disrupts the Golgi and secretory function, also activates ILGs. Low PC limits ARF-1 function, suggesting a mechanism for ILG activation via lipid metabolism, as part of a membrane stress response acting outside the ER. RNAi of selected ILGs uncovered defects in the secretion of two GFP reporters and the accumulation of a pathogen-responsive complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB) domain fusion protein. Our data argue that up-regulation of some ILGs is a coordinated response to changes in trafficking and may act to counteract stress on secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Fanelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christofer M. Welsh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Morningside School of Biomedical Sciences, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dominique S. Lui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lorissa J. Smulan
- Department of Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amy K. Walker
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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18
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Griem-Krey H, Petersen C, Hamerich IK, Schulenburg H. The intricate triangular interaction between protective microbe, pathogen and host determines fitness of the metaorganism. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20232193. [PMID: 38052248 PMCID: PMC10697802 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota shapes host biology in numerous ways. One example is protection against pathogens, which is likely critical for host fitness in consideration of the ubiquity of pathogens. The host itself can affect abundance of microbiota or pathogens, which has usually been characterized in separate studies. To date, however, it is unclear how the host influences the interaction with both simultaneously and how this triangular interaction determines fitness of the host-microbe assemblage, the so-called metaorganism. To address this current knowledge gap, we focused on a triangular model interaction, consisting of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, its protective symbiont Pseudomonas lurida MYb11 and its pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis Bt679. We combined the two microbes with C. elegans mutants with altered immunity and/or microbial colonization, and found that (i) under pathogen stress, immunocompetence has a larger influence on metaorganism fitness than colonization with the protective microbe; (ii) in almost all cases, MYb11 still improves fitness; and (iii) disruption of p38 MAPK signalling, which contributes centrally to immunity against Bt679, completely reverses the protective effect of MYb11, which further reduces nematode survival and fitness upon infection with Bt679. Our study highlights the complex interplay between host, protective microbe and pathogen in shaping metaorganism biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Griem-Krey
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Carola Petersen
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Inga K. Hamerich
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Hinrich Schulenburg
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Kiel University, Kiel 24118, Germany
- Antibiotic resistance group, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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19
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Yang RQ, Chen YH, Wu QY, Tang J, Niu SZ, Zhao Q, Ma YC, Zou CG. Indole produced during dysbiosis mediates host-microorganism chemical communication. eLife 2023; 12:e85362. [PMID: 37987602 PMCID: PMC10691800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has a substantial impact on host physiology. However, the mechanism by which host deals with gut dysbiosis to maintain fitness remains largely unknown. In Caenorhabditis elegans, Escherichia coli, which is its bacterial diet, proliferates in its intestinal lumen during aging. Here, we demonstrate that progressive intestinal proliferation of E. coli activates the transcription factor DAF-16, which is required for maintenance of longevity and organismal fitness in worms with age. DAF-16 up-regulates two lysozymes lys-7 and lys-8, thus limiting the bacterial accumulation in the gut of worms during aging. During dysbiosis, the levels of indole produced by E. coli are increased in worms. Indole is involved in the activation of DAF-16 by TRPA-1 in neurons of worms. Our finding demonstrates that indole functions as a microbial signal of gut dysbiosis to promote fitness of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiu Yang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yong-Hong Chen
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qin-yi Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Jie Tang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Shan-Zhuang Niu
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qiu Zhao
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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20
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Jolly A, Fernández B, Mundo SL, Elguezabal N. Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3553. [PMID: 38003170 PMCID: PMC10668694 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis that affects a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. It is considered one of the diseases with the highest economic impact on the ruminant industry. Despite many efforts and intensive research, paratuberculosis control still remains controversial, and the existing diagnostic and immunoprophylactic tools have great limitations. Thus, models play a crucial role in understanding the pathogenesis of infection and disease, and in testing novel vaccine candidates. Ruminant animal models can be restricted by several reasons, related to space requirements, the cost of the animals, and the maintenance of the facilities. Therefore, we review the potential and limitations of the different experimental approaches currently used in paratuberculosis research, focusing on laboratory animals and cell-based models. The aim of this review is to offer a vision of the models that have been used, and what has been achieved or discovered with each one, so that the reader can choose the best model to answer their scientific questions and prove their hypotheses. Also, we bring forward new approaches that we consider worth exploring in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jolly
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina; (B.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Bárbara Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina; (B.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Silvia Leonor Mundo
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina; (B.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
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21
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Vérièpe-Salerno J, Podavini S, Long MJ, Kolotuev I, Cuendet M, Thome M. MALT-1 shortens lifespan by inhibiting autophagy in the intestine of C. elegans. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2277584. [PMID: 38510643 PMCID: PMC7615756 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2277584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The caspase-like protease MALT1 promotes immune responses and oncogenesis in mammals by activating the transcription factor NF-κB. MALT1 is remarkably conserved from mammals to simple metazoans devoid of NF-κB homologs, like the nematode C. elegans. To discover more ancient, NF-κB -independent MALT1 functions, we analysed the phenotype of C. elegans upon silencing of MALT-1 expression systemically or in a tissue-specific manner. MALT-1 silencing in the intestine caused a significant increase in life span, whereas intestinal overexpression of MALT-1 shortened life expectancy. Interestingly, MALT-1-deficient animals showed higher constitutive levels of autophagy in the intestine, which were particularly evident in aged or starved nematodes. Silencing of the autophagy regulators ATG-13, BEC-1 or LGG-2, but not the TOR homolog LET-363, reversed lifespan extension caused by MALT-1 deficiency. These findings suggest that MALT-1 limits the lifespan of C. elegans by acting as an inhibitor of an early step of autophagy in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vérièpe-Salerno
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Podavini
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marcus J.C. Long
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Irina Kolotuev
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Quartier Sorge – Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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22
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Reich H, Savage-Dunn C. Signaling circuits and the apical extracellular matrix in aging: connections identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1201-C1211. [PMID: 37721005 PMCID: PMC10861026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous conserved signaling pathways play critical roles in aging, including insulin/IGF-1, TGF-β, and Wnt pathways. Some of these pathways also play prominent roles in the formation and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been an enduringly productive system for the identification of conserved mechanisms of biological aging. Recent studies in C. elegans highlight the regulatory circuits between conserved signaling pathways and the extracellular matrix, revealing a bidirectional relationship between these factors and providing a platform to address how regulation of and by the extracellular matrix can impact lifespan and organismal health during aging. These discoveries provide new opportunities for clinical advances and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Reich
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States
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23
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Madhu B, Lakdawala MF, Gumienny TL. The DBL-1/TGF-β signaling pathway tailors behavioral and molecular host responses to a variety of bacteria in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2023; 12:e75831. [PMID: 37750680 PMCID: PMC10567113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating specific, robust protective responses to different bacteria is vital for animal survival. Here, we address the role of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) member DBL-1 in regulating signature host defense responses in Caenorhabditis elegans to human opportunistic Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Canonical DBL-1 signaling is required to suppress avoidance behavior in response to Gram-negative, but not Gram-positive bacteria. We propose that in the absence of DBL-1, animals perceive some bacteria as more harmful. Animals activate DBL-1 pathway activity in response to Gram-negative bacteria and strongly repress it in response to select Gram-positive bacteria, demonstrating bacteria-responsive regulation of DBL-1 signaling. DBL-1 signaling differentially regulates expression of target innate immunity genes depending on the bacterial exposure. These findings highlight a central role for TGF-β in tailoring a suite of bacteria-specific host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomi Madhu
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman’s UniversityDentonUnited States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Mohammed Farhan Lakdawala
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman’s UniversityDentonUnited States
- AbbVie (United States)WorcesterUnited States
| | - Tina L Gumienny
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman’s UniversityDentonUnited States
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Yamamoto KK, Savage-Dunn C. TGF-β pathways in aging and immunity: lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Genet 2023; 14:1220068. [PMID: 37732316 PMCID: PMC10507863 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1220068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of signaling molecules plays critical roles in development, differentiation, homeostasis, and disease. Due to the conservation of these ligands and their signaling pathways, genetic studies in invertebrate systems including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been instrumental in identifying signaling mechanisms. C. elegans is also a premier organism for research in longevity and healthy aging. Here we summarize current knowledge on the roles of TGF-β signaling in aging and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, and PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
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Ciccarelli EJ, Wing Z, Bendelstein M, Johal RK, Singh G, Monas A, Savage-Dunn C. TGF-β Ligand Cross-Subfamily Interactions in the Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Bacterial Pathogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539606. [PMID: 37215035 PMCID: PMC10197529 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) family consists of numerous secreted peptide growth factors that play significant roles in cell function, tissue patterning, and organismal homeostasis, including wound repair and immunity. Typically studied as homodimers, these ligands have the potential to diversify their functions through ligand interactions that are synergistic, cooperative, additive, and/or antagonistic. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, there are only five TGF-β ligands, providing an opportunity to dissect ligand interactions in fewer combinations than in vertebrates. As in vertebrates, these ligands can be divided into bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF-β/Activin subfamilies that predominantly signal through discrete signaling pathways. The BMP subfamily ligand DBL-1 has been well studied for its role in the innate immune response in C. elegans. Here we show that all five TGF-β ligands play a role in the immune response. We also demonstrate that multiple TGF-β ligands act cooperatively as part of this response. We show that the two BMP-like ligands - DBL-1 and TIG-2 - function independently of each other in the immune response, while TIG-2/BMP and the TGF-β/Activin-like ligand TIG-3 function cooperatively. Structural modeling supports the potential for TIG-2 and TIG-3 to form heterodimers. Finally, we show that canonical DBL-1/BMP receptor and Smad signal transducers function in the response to bacterial pathogens, while components of the DAF-7 TGF-β/Activin signaling pathway do not play a role in survival. These results demonstrate a novel potential for BMP and TGF-β/Activin subfamily ligands to interact, and may provide a mechanism for distinguishing the developmental and homeostatic functions of these ligands from an acute response such as the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jo Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY
| | - Zachary Wing
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
| | | | | | - Gurjot Singh
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
| | - Ayelet Monas
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang D. Paeoniflorin increases the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected Caenorhabditis elegans at the immunosuppression stage by activating PMK-1, BAR-1, and EGL-1 signals. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:616-628. [PMID: 37535304 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin is the major active compound of total glycoside of paeony in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Although several aspects of beneficial effects of paeoniflorin have been described, whether the paeoniflorin treatment is helpful for inhibiting the pathogen infection-induced immunosuppression remains largely unclear. Using the immunosuppression model in Caenorhabditis elegans induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, we here examined the beneficial effect of paeoniflorin treatment against the immunosuppression induced by bacterial pathogen infection. In this immunosuppression model, we observed that the survival rate of P. aeruginosa infected nematodes at the immunosuppression stage could be significantly increased by 25-100 mg/L paeoniflorin treatment. P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen of nematodes at the immunosuppression stage was reduced by paeoniflorin treatment. Paeoniflorin could activate the expressions of antimicrobial genes (lys-1 and lys-8) in nematodes at the immunosuppression stage. Moreover, at the immunosuppression stage, paeoniflorin treatment increased the expressions of bar-1, pmk-1, and egl-1 required for the control of innate immunity against bacterial infection. Meanwhile, RNAi of bar-1, pmk-1, and egl-1 inhibited the beneficial effect of paeoniflorin treatment in increasing the survival, reducing the P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen, and activating the expressions of antimicrobial genes (lys-1 and lys-8) in nematodes at the immunosuppression stage. Therefore, paeoniflorin treatment could effectively inhibit the immunosuppression induced by bacterial pathogen infection in the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Mergan L, Driesschaert B, Temmerman L. Endocytic coelomocytes are required for lifespan extension by axenic dietary restriction. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287933. [PMID: 37368903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A rather peculiar but very potent means of achieving longevity is through axenic dietary restriction (ADR), where animals feed on (semi-)defined culture medium in absence of any other lifeform. The little knowledge we already have on ADR is mainly derived from studies using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, where ADR more than doubles organismal lifespan. What is underlying this extreme longevity so far remains enigmatic, as ADR seems distinct from other forms of DR and bypasses well-known longevity factors. We here focus first on CUP-4, a protein present in the coelomocytes, which are endocytic cells with a presumed immune function. Our results show that loss of cup-4 or of the coelomocytes affects ADR-mediated longevity to a similar extent. As the coelomocytes have been suggested to have an immune function, we then investigated different central players of innate immune signalling, but could prove no causal links with axenic lifespan extension. We propose that future research focuses further on the role of the coelomocytes in endocytosis and recycling in the context of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mergan
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Driesschaert
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Tang M, Ding G, Li L, Xiao G, Wang D. Exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles at predicted environmental concentrations enhances toxic effects of Acinetobacter johnsonii AC15 infection on Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115131. [PMID: 37315368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics and microbial pathogens are both widely distributed in the environment; however, their combined toxicity remains largely unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, we examined the possible effect of exposure to polystyrene nanoparticle (PS-NP) in Acinetobacter johnsonii AC15 (a bacterial pathogen) infected animals. Exposure to PS-NP at the concentrations of 0.1-10 μg/L significantly enhanced the toxicity of Acinetobacter johnsonii AC15 infection on lifespan and locomotion behaviors. In addition, after exposure to 0.1-10 μg/L PS-NP, the accumulation of Acinetobacter johnsonii AC15 in body of nematodes was also increased. Meanwhile, the innate immune response indicated by the increase of antimicrobial gene expressions in Acinetobacter johnsonii AC15 infected nematodes was suppressed by exposure to 0.1-10 μg/L PS-NP. Moreover, expressions of egl-1, dbl-1, bar-1, daf-16, pmk-1, and elt-2 governing the bacterial infection and immunity in Acinetobacter johnsonii AC15 infected nematodes were further inhibited by exposure to 0.1-10 μg/L PS-NP. Therefore, our data suggested the possible exposure risk of nanoplastic at predicted environmental concentrations in enhancing the toxic effects of bacterial pathogens on environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Tang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Guoying Ding
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Liane Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China.
| | - Dayong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Juxtaposing Caenorhabditis elegans-Pathogenic Mould Model with Other Models; How Reliable Is This Nematode Model? A Mini Review. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:105. [PMID: 36790616 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of Caenorhabditis elegans as a pathogenic model has spanned decades. Its use for pathogenic mould modeling has been attracting some attention lately, though not without some reservations. Several studies have shown C. elegans to be a reliable model for evaluating moulds' virulence factors and patterns as well as for screening the pathogenicity of mutant strains alongside their parental/wild type and revertant/complementary strains. There is a very high degree of reported similarities between the virulence patterns demonstrated in C. elegans and those of other invertebrate and vertebrate models. We have here presented several works in which this nematode model was adopted for virulence evaluation, and other comparative research in which virulence in C. elegans model were juxtaposed with other models. We have further presented possible reasons why there might have been variations of virulence in a few cases, thereby validating C. elegans to be an effective and reliable tool in the study of pathogenic moulds.
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Peng H, Bai H, Pan Y, Li J, Pei Z, Liao Y, Wu C, Li C, Tao L, Zhong S, Ma C, Chen Z, Li X, Gong Y, Wang L, Li F. Immunological pathogenesis of Bovine E. coli infection in a model of C. elegans. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:311. [PMID: 36539715 PMCID: PMC9764636 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cattle industry is critical for China's livestock industry, whereas E. coli infection and relevant diseases could lead huge economic loss. Traditional mammalian models would be costly, time consuming and complicated to study pathological changes of bovine E. coli. There is an urgent need for a simple but efficient animal model to quantitatively evaluate the pathological changes of bovine-derived E. coli in vivo. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has a broad host range of diverse E. coli strains with advantages, including a short life cycle, a simple structure, a transparent body which is easily visualized, a well-studied genetic map, an intrinsic immune system which is conservable with more complicated mammalians. RESULTS Here, we considered that O126 was the dominant serotype, and a total of 19 virulence factors were identified from 41 common E. coli virulence factors. Different E. coli strains with diverse pathogenicity strengths were tested in C. elegans in E. coli with higher pathogenicity (EC3/10), Nsy-1, Sek-1 and Pmk-1 of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway cascade and the expression of the antimicrobial peptides Abf-3 and Clec-60 were significantly up-regulated comparing with other groups. E. coli with lower pathogenicity (EC5/13) only activated the expression of Nsy-1 and Sek-1 genes in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, Additionally, both groups of E. coli strains caused significant upregulation of the antimicrobial peptide Spp-1. CONCLUSION Thirteen E. coli strains showed diverse pathogenicity in nematodes and the detection rate of virulence factors did not corresponding to the virulence in nematodes, indicating complex pathogenicity mechanisms. We approved that C. elegans is a fast and convenient detection model for pathogenic bacteria virulence examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Huili Bai
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Yan Pan
- Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Li
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Zhe Pei
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145The City College of New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuying Liao
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Cuilan Wu
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Changting Li
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Li Tao
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Shuhong Zhong
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Yu Gong
- Animal Science and Technology Station of Guizhou, Guiyang, China
| | - Leping Wang
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- grid.418337.aGuangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001 China
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Liudkovska V, Krawczyk PS, Brouze A, Gumińska N, Wegierski T, Cysewski D, Mackiewicz Z, Ewbank JJ, Drabikowski K, Mroczek S, Dziembowski A. TENT5 cytoplasmic noncanonical poly(A) polymerases regulate the innate immune response in animals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd9468. [PMID: 36383655 PMCID: PMC9668313 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against pathogens. Here, through global transcriptome and proteome analyses, we uncover that newly described cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase TENT-5 (terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5) enhances the expression of secreted innate immunity effector proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Direct RNA sequencing revealed that multiple mRNAs with signal peptide-encoding sequences have shorter poly(A) tails in tent-5-deficient worms. Those mRNAs are translated at the endoplasmic reticulum where a fraction of TENT-5 is present, implying that they represent its direct substrates. Loss of tent-5 makes worms more susceptible to bacterial infection. Notably, the role of TENT-5 in innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved. Its orthologs, TENT5A and TENT5C, are expressed in macrophages and induced during their activation. Analysis of macrophages devoid of TENT5A/C revealed their role in the regulation of secreted proteins involved in defense response. In summary, our study reveals cytoplasmic polyadenylation to be a previously unknown component of the posttranscriptional regulation of innate immunity in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslava Liudkovska
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł S Krawczyk
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Brouze
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Gumińska
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wegierski
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Mackiewicz
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Krzysztof Drabikowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seweryn Mroczek
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dziembowski
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Kim SS, Sohn J, Lee SJV. Immunosenescence in Caenorhabditis elegans. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:56. [PMCID: PMC9664038 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractImmunosenescence is an age-dependent decline in immune functions and hallmark of aging in diverse species, ranging from invertebrates to mammals. However, identifying the factors responsible for immunosenescence is challenging because of the complexity of immune systems and aging in mammals. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is suitable for understanding immunosenescence because of its simple immune system and rapid aging process. In this review, we discuss the advances in our understanding of immunosenescence in C. elegans. PMK-1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), SKN-1/NRF, and ZIP-10/bZIP transcription factor regulate immunosenescence through p38 MAPK and insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways. Because these factors and pathways are evolutionarily conserved, the findings discussed in this review may help understand the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence and develop new treatment therapy for immunosenescence in humans.
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Excretory-secretory products from the brown stomach worm, Teladorsagia circumcincta, exert antimicrobial activity in in vitro growth assays. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:354. [PMID: 36184586 PMCID: PMC9528173 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, evidence has emerged of the ability of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites to alter the composition of the host gut microbiome; however, the mechanism(s) underpinning such interactions remain unclear. In the current study, we (i) undertake proteomic analyses of the excretory-secretory products (ESPs), including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), of the 'brown stomach worm' Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the major agents causing parasite gastroenteritis in temperate areas worldwide; (ii) conduct bioinformatic analyses to identify and characterise antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with putative antimicrobial activity; and (iii) assess the bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic properties of T. circumcincta EVs, and whole and EV-depleted ESPs, using bacterial growth inhibition assays. METHODS Size-exclusion chromatography was applied to the isolation of EVs from whole T. circumcincta ESPs, followed by EV characterisation via nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Proteomic analysis of EVs and EV-depleted ESPs was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and prediction of putative AMPs was performed using available online tools. The antimicrobial activities of T. circumcincta EVs and of whole and EV-depleted ESPs against Escherichia coli were evaluated using bacterial growth inhibition assays. RESULTS Several molecules with putative antimicrobial activity were identified in both EVs and EV-depleted ESPs from adult T. circumcincta. Whilst exposure of E. coli to whole ESPs resulted in a significant reduction of colony-forming units over 3 h, bacterial growth was not reduced following exposure to worm EVs or EV-depleted ESPs. CONCLUSIONS Our data points towards a bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic function of T. circumcincta ESPs, likely mediated by molecules with antimicrobial activity.
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Kitisin T, Muangkaew W, Sukphopetch P. Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16 regulates lifespan and immune responses to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii infections. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:162. [PMID: 35733100 PMCID: PMC9214972 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection is primarily caused by two sibling species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Several virulence-related factors of these cryptococci have been widely investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans, representing a facile in vivo model of host–pathogen interaction. While recent studies elucidated cryptococcal virulence factors, intrinsic host factors that affect susceptibility to infections by cryptococci remain unclear and poorly investigated. Results Here, we showed that defects in C. elegans insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) pathway influenced animal lifespan and mechanisms of host resistance in cryptococcal infections, which required the activation of aging regulator DAF-16/Forkhead box O transcription factor. Moreover, accumulation of lipofuscin, DAF-16 nuclear localization, and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) were elevated in C. elegans due to host defenses during cryptococcal infections. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the relationship between longevity and immunity, which may provide a possibility for novel therapeutic intervention to improve host resistance against cryptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinan Kitisin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharamat Muangkaew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Passanesh Sukphopetch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Lewis JA, Penley MJ, Sylla H, Ahumada SD, Morran LT. Antagonistic Coevolution Limits the Range of Host Defense in C. elegans Populations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.758745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host populations often evolve defenses against parasites due to the significant fitness costs imposed by infection. However, adaptation to a specific parasite may alter the effectiveness of the host’s defenses in general. Consequently, the specificity of host defense may be influenced by a host population’s evolutionary history with parasites. Further, the degree of reciprocal change within an interaction may profoundly alter the range of host defense, given that antagonistic coevolutionary interactions are predicted to favor defense against specific parasite genotypes. Here, we examined the effect of host evolutionary history on host defense range by assessing the mortality rates of Caenorhabditis elegans host populations exposed to an array of Serratia marcescens bacterial parasite strains. Importantly, each of the host populations were derived from the same genetic background but have different experimental evolution histories with parasites. Each of these histories (exposure to either heat-killed, fixed genotype, or coevolving parasites) carries a different level of evolutionary reciprocity. Overall, we observed an effect of host evolutionary history in that previously coevolved host populations were generally the most susceptible to novel parasite strains. This data demonstrates that host evolutionary history can have a significant impact on host defense, and that host-parasite coevolution can increase host susceptibility to novel parasites.
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Kumar A, Joishy T, Das S, Kalita MC, Mukherjee AK, Khan MR. A Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum JBC5 Improves Longevity and Healthy Aging by Modulating Antioxidative, Innate Immunity and Serotonin-Signaling Pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:268. [PMID: 35204151 PMCID: PMC8868178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the hypothesis of Dr. Elie Metchnikoff on lactobacilli-mediated healthy aging, several microbes have been reported to extend the lifespan with different features of healthy aging. However, a microbe affecting diverse features of healthy aging is of choice for broader acceptance and marketability as a next-generation probiotic. We employed Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to understand the potential of Lactobacillus plantarum JBC5 (LPJBC5), isolated from fermented food sample on longevity and healthy aging as well as their underlying mechanisms. Firstly, LPJBC5 enhanced the mean lifespan of C. elegans by 27.81% compared with control (untreated). LPBC5-induced longevity was accompanied with better aging-associated biomarkers, such as physical functions, fat, and lipofuscin accumulation. Lifespan assay on mutant worms and gene expression studies indicated that LPJBC5-mediated longevity was due to upregulation of the skinhead-1 (skn-1) gene activated through p38 MAPK signaling cascade. Secondly, the activated transcription factor SKN-1 upregulated the expression of antioxidative, thermo-tolerant, and anti-pathogenic genes. In support, LPJBC5 conferred resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses such as oxidative, heat, and pathogen. LPJBC5 upregulated the expression of intestinal tight junction protein ZOO-1 and improved gut integrity. Thirdly, LPJBC5 improved the learning and memory of worms trained on LPJBC5 compared with naive worms. The results showed upregulation of genes involved in serotonin signaling (ser-1, mod-1, and tph-1) in LPJBC5-fed worms compared with control, suggesting that serotonin-signaling was essential for LPJBC5-mediated improved cognitive function. Fourthly, LPJBC5 decreased the fat accumulation in worms by reducing the expression of genes encoding key substrates and enzymes of fat metabolism (i.e., fat-5 and fat-7). Lastly, LPJBC5 reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and improved mitochondrial function, thereby reducing apoptosis in worms. The capability of a single bacterium on pro-longevity and the features of healthy aging, including enhancement of gut integrity and cognitive functions, makes it an ideal candidate for promotion as a next-generation probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.K.); (T.J.); (S.D.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Tulsi Joishy
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.K.); (T.J.); (S.D.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Santanu Das
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.K.); (T.J.); (S.D.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Mohan C. Kalita
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India;
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.K.); (T.J.); (S.D.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (A.K.); (T.J.); (S.D.); (A.K.M.)
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Mena L, Billamboz M, Charlet R, Desprès B, Sendid B, Ghinet A, Jawhara S. Two New Compounds Containing Pyridinone or Triazine Heterocycles Have Antifungal Properties against Candida albicans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010072. [PMID: 35052949 PMCID: PMC8773291 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis, caused by the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans, is the most common fungal infection today. Resistance of C. albicans to current antifungal drugs has emerged over the past decade leading to the need for novel antifungal agents. Our aim was to select new antifungal compounds by library-screening methods and to assess their antifungal effects against C. albicans. After screening 90 potential antifungal compounds from JUNIA, a chemical library, two compounds, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-3,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one (PYR) and (Z)-N-(2-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)vinyl)-4-methoxyaniline (TRI), were identified as having potential antifungal activity. Treatment with PYR and TRI resulted in a significant reduction of C. albicans bioluminescence as well as the number of fungal colonies, indicating rapid fungicidal activity. These two compounds were also effective against clinically isolated fluconazole- or caspofungin-resistant C. albicans strains. PYR and TRI had an inhibitory effect on Candida biofilm formation and reduced the thickness of the mannan cell wall. In a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, PYR and TRI decreased the mortality of nematodes infected with C. albicans and enhanced the expression of antimicrobial genes that promote C. albicans elimination. Overall, PYR and TRI showed antifungal properties against C. albicans by exerting fungicidal activities and enhancing the antimicrobial gene expression of Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mena
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Billamboz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rogatien Charlet
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bérangère Desprès
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Boualem Sendid
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.); (A.G.)
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, ‘Alexandru Ioan Cuza’ University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Samir Jawhara
- UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1285, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.M.); (R.C.); (B.D.); (B.S.)
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-2062-3546; Fax: +33-(0)3-2062-3416
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Goodman MB, Savage-Dunn C. Reciprocal interactions between transforming growth factor beta signaling and collagens: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:47-60. [PMID: 34537996 PMCID: PMC8982858 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in genetically tractable organisms such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have led to pioneering insights into conserved developmental regulatory mechanisms. For example, Smad signal transducers for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily were first identified in C. elegans and in the fruit fly Drosophila. Recent studies of TGF-β signaling and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in C. elegans have forged unexpected links between signaling and the ECM, yielding novel insights into the reciprocal interactions that occur across tissues and spatial scales, and potentially providing new opportunities for the study of biomechanical regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94304
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College at the City University of New York, 11367,Correspondence to: >
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Desaka N, Ota C, Nishikawa H, Yasuda K, Ishii N, Bito T, Kishinaga Y, Naito Y, Higashimura Y. Streptococcus thermophilus extends lifespan through activation of DAF-16-mediated antioxidant pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:7-13. [PMID: 35068675 PMCID: PMC8764109 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Desaka
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University
| | - Chinatsu Ota
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University
| | | | - Kayo Yasuda
- Department of Health Management, Tokai University Undergraduate School of Health Studies
| | - Naoaki Ishii
- Department of Health Management, Tokai University Undergraduate School of Health Studies
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University
| | - Yukio Kishinaga
- Research and Development Group, Mill Souhonsha Company Limited
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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40
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Pujol N, Ewbank JJ. C. elegans: out on an evolutionary limb. Immunogenetics 2021; 74:63-73. [PMID: 34761293 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural environment of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is rich in pathogenic microbes. There is now ample evidence to indicate that these pathogens exert a strong selection pressure on C. elegans, and have shaped its genome, physiology, and behaviour. In this short review, we concentrate on how C. elegans stands out from other animals in terms of its immune repertoire and innate immune signalling pathways. We discuss how C. elegans often detects pathogens because of their effects on essential cellular processes, or organelle integrity, in addition to direct microbial recognition. We illustrate the extensive molecular plasticity that is characteristic of immune defences in C. elegans and highlight some remarkable instances of lineage-specific innovation in innate immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pujol
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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Dinić M, Jakovljević S, Đokić J, Popović N, Radojević D, Strahinić I, Golić N. Probiotic-mediated p38 MAPK immune signaling prolongs the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to pathogenic bacteria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21258. [PMID: 34711881 PMCID: PMC8553853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-microbiota cross-talk represents an important factor contributing to innate immune response and host resistance during infection. It has been shown that probiotic lactobacilli exhibit the ability to modulate innate immunity and enhance pathogen elimination. Here we showed that heat-inactivated probiotic strain Lactobacillus curvatus BGMK2-41 stimulates immune response and resistance of the Caenorhabditis elegans against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By employing qRT-PCR and western blot analysis we showed that heat-inactivated BGMK2-41 activated PMK-1/p38 MAPK immunity pathway which prolongs the survival of C. elegans exposed to pathogenic bacteria in nematode killing assays. The C. elegans pmk-1 mutant was used to demonstrate a mechanistic basis for the antimicrobial potential of BGMK2-41, showing that BGMK2-41 upregulated PMK-1/p38 MAPK dependent transcription of C-type lectins, lysozymes and tight junction protein CLC-1. Overall, this study suggests that PMK-1/p38 MAPK-dependent immune regulation by BGMK2-41 is essential for probiotic-mediated C. elegans protection against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and could be further explored for development of probiotics with the potential to increase resistance of the host towards pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dinić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stefan Jakovljević
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Strahinić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
A variety of effector proteins contribute to host defense in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, beyond lytic enzymes and antimicrobial peptides and proteins, little is known about the exact function of these infection-related effectors. This study set out to identify pathogen-dependent cytokine-like molecules, focusing on C-type lectin domain-containing proteins (CLECs). In total, 38 CLECs that are differentially regulated in response to bacterial infections have been previously identified by microarray and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses in C. elegans. We successfully cloned 18 of these 38 CLECs and chose to focus on CLEC-47 because, among these 18 cloned CLECs, it was the smallest protein and was recombinantly expressed at the highest levels in prokaryotic cells examined by SDS-PAGE. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR/qPCR) showed that the expression of clec-47 was induced by a variety of Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes, but was suppressed by the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By expressing CLEC-47 in HEK 293 cells, we showed that CLEC-47 is released into the culture media, which the Golgi apparatus inhibitors (brefeldin A [BFA] and GolgiStop) could block. Purified recombinant CLEC-47 (maltose binding protein [MBP]–CLEC-47–His) did not display antimicrobial activity against ESKAPE pathogen isolates but bound directly to murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. Recombinant CLEC-47 attracted and recruited J774A.1 cells in a chemotaxis assay. In addition, qPCR studies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that CLEC-47 activates J774A.1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner to express the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2 (MIP-2). Moreover, C. elegans, fed with CLEC-47-expressing Escherichia coli, demonstrated enhanced expression of several antimicrobial proteins (CNC-1, CNC-2, CPR-1, and CPR-2) as well as the detoxification protein MTL-1. These data suggest that CLEC-47 functions as a novel cytokine-like signaling molecule and exemplify how the study of infection-related effectors in C. elegans can help elucidate the evolution of immune responses.
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Deng Y, Du H, Tang M, Wang Q, Huang Q, He Y, Cheng F, Zhao F, Wang D, Xiao G. Biosafety assessment of Acinetobacter strains isolated from the Three Gorges Reservoir region in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19721. [PMID: 34611259 PMCID: PMC8492797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter has been frequently detected in backwater areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region. We here employed Caenorhabditis elegans to perform biosafety assessment of Acinetobacter strains isolated from backwater area in the TGR region. Among 21 isolates and 5 reference strains of Acinetobacter, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii ATCC 19606T, A. junii NH88-14, and A. lwoffii DSM 2403T resulted in significant decrease in locomotion behavior and reduction in lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. In nematodes, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii, A. junii and A. lwoffii also resulted in significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, exposure to Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 led to significant increase in expressions of both SOD-3::GFP and some antimicrobial genes (lys-1, spp-12, lys-7, dod-6, spp-1, dod-22, lys-8, and/or F55G11.4) in nematodes. The Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 had different morphological, biochemical, phylogenetical, and virulence gene properties. Our results suggested that exposure risk of some Acinetobacter strains isolated from the TGR region exists for environmental organisms and human health. In addition, C. elegans is useful to assess biosafety of Acinetobacter isolates from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Deng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfeng Tang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.
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Midha A, Goyette-Desjardins G, Goerdeler F, Moscovitz O, Seeberger PH, Tedin K, Bertzbach LD, Lepenies B, Hartmann S. Lectin-Mediated Bacterial Modulation by the Intestinal Nematode Ascaris suum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168739. [PMID: 34445445 PMCID: PMC8395819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascariasis is a global health problem for humans and animals. Adult Ascaris nematodes are long-lived in the host intestine where they interact with host cells as well as members of the microbiota resulting in chronic infections. Nematode interactions with host cells and the microbial environment are prominently mediated by parasite-secreted proteins and peptides possessing immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. Previously, we discovered the C-type lectin protein AsCTL-42 in the secreted products of adult Ascaris worms. Here we tested recombinant AsCTL-42 for its ability to interact with bacterial and host cells. We found that AsCTL-42 lacks bactericidal activity but neutralized bacterial cells without killing them. Treatment of bacterial cells with AsCTL-42 reduced invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella. Furthermore, AsCTL-42 interacted with host myeloid C-type lectin receptors. Thus, AsCTL-42 is a parasite protein involved in the triad relationship between Ascaris, host cells, and the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Midha
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.G.-D.); (B.L.)
| | - Felix Goerdeler
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.G.); (O.M.); (P.H.S.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oren Moscovitz
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.G.); (O.M.); (P.H.S.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.G.); (O.M.); (P.H.S.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Tedin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Luca D. Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Institute for Immunology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.G.-D.); (B.L.)
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Jin X, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonise Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 34090326 PMCID: PMC8180125 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the major micro-bacillary pathogen responsible for human coloenteritis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to protect against Campylobacter infection. However, LAB with a good ability to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni in vitro are less effective in animals and animal models, and have the disadvantages of high cost, a long cycle, cumbersome operation and insignificant immune response indicators. Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly used to screen probiotics for their anti-pathogenic properties. However, no research on the use of C. elegans to screen for probiotic candidates antagonistic to C. jejuni has been conducted to date. RESULTS This study established a lifespan model of C. elegans, enabling the preselection of LAB to counter C. jejuni infection. A potential protective mechanism of LAB was identified. Some distinct LAB species offered a high level of protection to C. elegans against C. jejuni. The LAB strains with a high protection rate reduced the load of C. jejuni in C. elegans. The transcription of antibacterial peptide genes, MAPK and Daf-16 signalling pathway-related genes was elevated using the LAB isolates with a high protection rate. The reliability of the lifespan model of C. elegans was verified using mice and chickens infected with C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that different LAB had different abilities to protect C. elegans against C. jejuni. C. elegans provides a reliable model for researchers to screen for LAB that are antagonistic to C. jejuni on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China.
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46
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Mørch MGM, Møller KV, Hesselager MO, Harders RH, Kidmose CL, Buhl T, Fuursted K, Bendixen E, Shen C, Christensen LG, Poulsen CH, Olsen A. The TGF-β ligand DBL-1 is a key player in a multifaceted probiotic protection against MRSA in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10717. [PMID: 34021197 PMCID: PMC8139972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide the increase in multi-resistant bacteria due to misuse of traditional antibiotics is a growing threat for our health. Finding alternatives to traditional antibiotics is thus timely. Probiotic bacteria have numerous beneficial effects and could offer safer alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Here, we use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to screen a library of different lactobacilli to identify potential probiotic bacteria and characterize their mechanisms of action. We show that pretreatment with the Lactobacillus spp. Lb21 increases lifespan of C. elegans and results in resistance towards pathogenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Using genetic analysis, we find that Lb21-mediated MRSA resistance is dependent on the DBL-1 ligand of the TGF-β signaling pathway in C. elegans. This response is evolutionarily conserved as we find that Lb21 also induces the TGF-β pathway in porcine epithelial cells. We further characterize the host responses in an unbiased proteome analysis and identify 474 proteins regulated in worms fed Lb21 compared to control food. These include fatty acid CoA synthetase ACS-22, aspartic protease ASP-6 and vitellogenin VIT-2 which are important for Lb21-mediated MRSA resistance. Thus, Lb21 exerts its probiotic effect on C. elegans in a multifactorial manner. In summary, our study establishes a mechanistic basis for the antimicrobial potential of lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G M Mørch
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Katrine V Møller
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke H Harders
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Caroline L Kidmose
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Therese Buhl
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Emøke Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chong Shen
- Gut Immunology Lab, Health & Biosciences , IFF , Brabrand , Denmark
| | | | | | - Anders Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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47
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Arcos SC, Lira F, Robertson L, González MR, Carballeda-Sangiao N, Sánchez-Alonso I, Zamorano L, Careche M, Jiménez-Ruíz Y, Ramos R, Llorens C, González-Muñoz M, Oliver A, Martínez JL, Navas A. Metagenomics Analysis Reveals an Extraordinary Inner Bacterial Diversity in Anisakids (Nematoda: Anisakidae) L3 Larvae. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1088. [PMID: 34069371 PMCID: PMC8158776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
L3 larvae of anisakid nematodes are an important problem for the fisheries industry and pose a potential risk for human health by acting as infectious agents causing allergies and as potential vectors of pathogens and microrganisms. In spite of the close bacteria-nematode relationship very little is known of the anisakids microbiota. Fresh fish could be contaminated by bacteria vectored in the cuticle or in the intestine of anisakids when the L3 larvae migrate through the muscles. As a consequence, the bacterial inoculum will be spread, with potential effects on the quality of the fish, and possible clinical effects cannot be discarded. A total of 2,689,113 16S rRNA gene sequences from a total of 113 L3 individuals obtained from fish captured along the FAO 27 fishing area were studied. Bacteria were taxonomically characterized through 1803 representative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) sequences. Fourteen phyla, 31 classes, 52 orders, 129 families and 187 genera were unambiguously identified. We have found as part of microbiome an average of 123 OTUs per L3 individual. Diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) indicate an extraordinary diversity of bacteria at an OTU level. There are clusters of anisakids individuals (samples) defined by the associated bacteria which, however, are not significantly related to fish hosts or anisakid taxa. This suggests that association or relationship among bacteria in anisakids, exists without the influence of fishes or nematodes. The lack of relationships with hosts of anisakids taxa has to be expressed by the association among bacterial OTUs or other taxonomical levels which range from OTUs to the phylum level. There are significant biological structural associations of microbiota in anisakid nematodes which manifest in clusters of bacteria ranging from phylum to genus level, which could also be an indicator of fish contamination or the geographic zone of fish capture. Actinobacteria, Aquificae, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the phyla whose abundance value discriminate for defining such structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C. Arcos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
| | - Felipe Lira
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Lee Robertson
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa González
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
| | | | - Isabel Sánchez-Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.-A.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, (IdISPa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Mercedes Careche
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.-A.); (M.C.)
| | - Yolanda Jiménez-Ruíz
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica, “Scientific Park of Madrid”, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Llorens
- Biotechvana, “Scientific Park”, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Miguel González-Muñoz
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.-S.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, (IdISPa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - José L. Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Alfonso Navas
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
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48
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Fabian DK, Fuentealba M, Dönertaş HM, Partridge L, Thornton JM. Functional conservation in genes and pathways linking ageing and immunity. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33990202 PMCID: PMC8120713 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At first glance, longevity and immunity appear to be different traits that have not much in common except the fact that the immune system promotes survival upon pathogenic infection. Substantial evidence however points to a molecularly intertwined relationship between the immune system and ageing. Although this link is well-known throughout the animal kingdom, its genetic basis is complex and still poorly understood. To address this question, we here provide a compilation of all genes concomitantly known to be involved in immunity and ageing in humans and three well-studied model organisms, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the house mouse Mus musculus. By analysing human orthologs among these species, we identified 7 evolutionarily conserved signalling cascades, the insulin/TOR network, three MAPK (ERK, p38, JNK), JAK/STAT, TGF-β, and Nf-κB pathways that act pleiotropically on ageing and immunity. We review current evidence for these pathways linking immunity and lifespan, and their role in the detrimental dysregulation of the immune system with age, known as immunosenescence. We argue that the phenotypic effects of these pathways are often context-dependent and vary, for example, between tissues, sexes, and types of pathogenic infection. Future research therefore needs to explore a higher temporal, spatial and environmental resolution to fully comprehend the connection between ageing and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Fabian
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. .,Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matías Fuentealba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Handan Melike Dönertaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janet M Thornton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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49
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Wibisono P, Sun J. Neuro-immune communication in C. elegans defense against pathogen infection. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:60-65. [PMID: 34368754 PMCID: PMC8344176 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is a complex collection of physical barriers and physiological defense responses to internal and external environmental assaults. Recent studies in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans have highlighted how the nervous system interacts with the innate immune system to generate coordinated protective responses. Indeed, studies on neuro-immune interaction pathways have provided mechanistic insights into the roles of neuro-immune communication in modulating both immune and behavioral responses to pathogen attacks. The nervous system releases a variety of neurotransmitters, peptides, and hormones that regulate the innate immune response, while the innate immune system also relays information to the nervous system to affect learning and behavioral responses. Although these interactions still need further investigation, the knowledge that we have gained thus far has improved our understanding of how separate biological systems can act collectively for the survival and well-being of an organism. Here, we review recent studies on neuro-immune communication related to the survival and defense of C. elegans against pathogens. Neuro-immune communication is essential for generating coordinated defense against pathogen infection to improve host survival. Neuro-immune communication modulates both immune and behavioral responses to pathogen attacks. C.elegans is an excellent model system for studying neuro-immune communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Wibisono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jingru Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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50
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Garcia-Sanchez JA, Ewbank JJ, Visvikis O. Ubiquitin-related processes and innate immunity in C. elegans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4305-4333. [PMID: 33630111 PMCID: PMC11072174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is an evolutionary ancient defence strategy that serves to eliminate infectious agents while maintaining host health. It involves a complex network of sensors, signaling proteins and immune effectors that detect the danger, then relay and execute the immune programme. Post-translational modifications relying on conserved ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are an integral part of the system. Studies using invertebrate models of infection, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, have greatly contributed to our understanding of how ubiquitin-related processes act in immune sensing, regulate immune signaling pathways, and participate to host defence responses. This review highlights the interest of working with a genetically tractable model organism and illustrates how C. elegans has been used to identify ubiquitin-dependent immune mechanisms, discover novel ubiquitin-based resistance strategies that mediate pathogen clearance, and unravel the role of ubiquitin-related processes in tolerance, preserving host fitness during pathogen attack. Special emphasis is placed on processes that are conserved in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Garcia-Sanchez
- INSERM, C3M, Côte D'Azur University, Nice, France
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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