1
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Sohail M, Bilal M, Maqbool T, Rasool N, Ammar M, Mahmood S, Malik A, Zubair M, Abbas Ashraf G. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles via intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization reactions: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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2
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Shyni V, Leenaraj DR, Ittyachan R, Shyju GJ, Joseph L, Sajan D. Spectroscopic studies, quantum chemical investigations, and in silico and in vitro scrutiny of the diuretic drug trichlormethiazide adsorbed on AuNPs. J Mol Recognit 2021; 35:e2939. [PMID: 34850458 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical study was employed to study the adsorption of the diuretic drug, trichlormethiazide (TCM) molecule on AuNPs (TCMA). The stereoelectronic properties of the molecular structure of most stable conformers of TCM and TCMA were studied using DFT/B3LYP-6-311++G (d, p) together with LANL2DZ methodology. The Fourier transform Raman and Infrared spectra of TCM were recorded and analyzed. Quantum chemical calculations of TCM and TCMA molecules were used to evaluate the stability of the molecule, hyper-conjugative interactions, electron delocalization, and binding interactions. The calculated and experimentally observed vibrational frequencies of the molecule were assigned and compared. The shifting and intensity enhancement of the CCl2 band manifests the back-donation and conjugation effect, which are the result of the presence of nitrogen atom adjoining the dichloromethyl groups and the oxygen in the sulfur dioxide group attached among the amino group and the chlorophenyl ring, respectively, which enhances bioactivity. Anticancer activity was examined based on molecular docking analysis, and it was identified that TCM and TCMA molecules act as good inhibitors against lung cancer. SERS analysis and MTT assay confirmed the molecular docking analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shyni
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Physics, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, India
| | - D R Leenaraj
- Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Reena Ittyachan
- Department of Physics, Sacred Heart College, Chalakudy, India
| | - G J Shyju
- Department of Physics, Christian College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Lynnette Joseph
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Physics, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, India
| | - D Sajan
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Physics, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, India
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3
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Easy preparation of novel 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide: Molecular structure, Hirshfeld surface, NCI analyses and molecular docking on AMPA receptors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Rao MS, Hussain S. One-Pot, Borax-mediated synthesis of structurally diverse N, S-heterocycles in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Zhao ZB, Shi L, Li Y, Meng FJ, Zhou YG. Facile synthesis of chiral ε-sultams via an organocatalytic aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6364-6368. [PMID: 31225577 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chiral ε-sultams, with their unique strain cyclic structure, are a type of molecule with important biological activities. A facile enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of seven-membered cyclic N-sulfonylimines with naphthols was developed with a cinchona alkaloid-based bifunctional organocatalyst, giving chiral ε-sultams with an enantiomeric excess of up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Biao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yaming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Fan-Jie Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
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Gopalaiah K, Tiwari A, Choudhary R, Mahiya K. Straightforward Access to 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides and Quinazolines via Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Condensation of Amines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kovuru Gopalaiah
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ankit Tiwari
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Renu Choudhary
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Kuldeep Mahiya
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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7
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Nazari M, Nematpour M, Rezaee E, Jahani M, Tabatabai SA. A new route for the synthesis of functionalized benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives via intramolecular C–H activation reactions of N,N′,N′′-trisubstituted guanidines and benzenesulfonylchloride. J Sulphur Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2018.1499743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nazari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Nematpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jahani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Sharada DS, Shinde AH, Patel SM, Vidyacharan S. Scaffold Diversity through a Branching Double-Annulation Cascade Strategy: Iminium-Induced One-Pot Synthesis of Diverse Fused Tetrahydroisoquinoline Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6463-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duddu S. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 285, India
| | - Anand H. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 285, India
| | - Srilaxmi M. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 285, India
| | - Shinde Vidyacharan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 285, India
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9
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Du P, Zhou H, Sui Y, Liu Q, Zou K. Asymmetric synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1- dioxides catalyzed by scandium(III)-inda-Pybox. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Citti C, Battisti UM, Cannazza G, Jozwiak K, Stasiak N, Puja G, Ravazzini F, Ciccarella G, Braghiroli D, Parenti C, Troisi L, Zoli M. 7-Chloro-5-(furan-3-yl)-3-methyl-4H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide as Positive Allosteric Modulator of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptor. The End of the Unsaturated-Inactive Paradigm? ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:149-60. [PMID: 26580317 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Arylbenzothiadiazine type compounds acting as positive allosteric modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-PAMs) have received particular attention in the past decade for their nootropic activity and lack of the excitotoxic side effects of direct agonists. Recently, our research group has published the synthesis and biological activity of 7-chloro-5-(3-furanyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (1), one of the most active benzothiadiazine-derived AMPA-PAMs in vitro to date. However, 1 exists as two stereolabile enantiomers, which rapidly racemize in physiological conditions, and only one isomer is responsible for the pharmacological activity. In the present work, experiments carried out with rat liver microsomes show that 1 is converted by hepatic cytochrome P450 to the corresponding unsaturated derivative 2 and to the corresponding pharmacologically inactive benzenesulfonamide 3. Surprisingly, patch-clamp experiments reveal that 2 displays an activity comparable to that of the parent compound. Molecular modeling studies were performed to rationalize these results. Furthermore, mice cerebral microdialysis studies suggest that 2 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and increases acetylcholine and serotonin levels in the hippocampus. The experimental data disclose that the achiral hepatic metabolite 2 possesses the same pharmacological activity of its parent compound 1 but with an enhanced chemical and stereochemical stability, as well as an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Citti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- CNR
NANOTEC, Campus Ecoteckne dell’Università del Salento, Via per
Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Umberto M. Battisti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- CNR
NANOTEC, Campus Ecoteckne dell’Università del Salento, Via per
Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Laboratory
of Biopharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Natalia Stasiak
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Puja
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Ravazzini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- CNR
NANOTEC, Campus Ecoteckne dell’Università del Salento, Via per
Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Braghiroli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Parenti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luigino Troisi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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11
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Carrozzo MM, Battisti UM, Cannazza G, Puia G, Ravazzini F, Falchicchio A, Perrone S, Citti C, Jozwiak K, Braghiroli D, Parenti C, Troisi L. Design, stereoselective synthesis, configurational stability and biological activity of 7-chloro-9-(furan-3-yl)-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]thiadiazine 5,5-dioxide. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4667-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Dindulkar SD, Lim KT, Cho BK, Jeong YT. Green Approach Toward One Pot Cascade Synthesis of 3-Aryl-3,4-Dihydro-1,2,4 Benzothiadiazine-1,1-Dioxides. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2013.769986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Graindorge E, Lestage P, Danober L, Challal S, Rogez N, Nosjean O, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. Development of Thiophenic Analogues of Benzothiadiazine Dioxides as New Powerful Potentiators of 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7838-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400676g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E. Graindorge
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Rogez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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14
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Hikawa H, Matsuda N, Suzuki H, Yokoyama Y, Azumaya I. N-Benzylation/Benzylic CH Amidation Cascade by the (η3-Benzyl)palladium System in Aqueous Media: An Effective Pathway for the Direct Construction of 3-Phenyl-3,4-dihydro- (2H)-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Pirotte B, Francotte P, Goffin E, de Tullio P. AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:615-28. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.770840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Carrozzo MM, Battisti UM, Cannazza G, Citti C, Parenti C, Troisi L. Regioselective cyclization of chloroacylaminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Yang Y, Guo Y, Zhu C. 2-[7-Chloro-1,1-dioxo-2-(2,4,5-trifluoro-benz-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothia-diazin-4-yl]acetic acid. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1363. [PMID: 22590257 PMCID: PMC3344495 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812014468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(16)H(12)ClF(3)N(2)O(4)S, the thia-diazine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the benzothia-diazine ring system and trifluoro-phenyl group is 15.02 (7)°. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked into dimers via pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating R(2) (2)(8) ring motifs. The dimers are further connected into a three-dimensional network by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Henan 455000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Efficient synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-8H-[1,2,4]thiadiazino[6,5,4-de]phenanthridine 4,4-dioxide and 5,6-dihydro-8H-[1,2,4]-thiadiazino[6,5,4-ij]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline 4,4-dioxide. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Battisti UM, Jozwiak K, Cannazza G, Puia G, Stocca G, Braghiroli D, Parenti C, Brasili L, Carrozzo MM, Citti C, Troisi L. 5-Arylbenzothiadiazine Type Compounds as Positive Allosteric Modulators of AMPA/Kainate Receptors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:25-9. [PMID: 24900368 DOI: 10.1021/ml200184w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential therapeutic benefit of compounds able to activate AMPA receptors (AMPAr) has led to the search for new AMPAr positive modulators. On the basis of crystallographic data of the benzothiadiazines binding mode in the S1S2 GluA2 dimer interface, a set of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiadiazine type compounds has been synthesized and tested. Electrophysiological results suggested that 5-heteroaryl substituents on the benzothiadiazine core like 3-furanyl and 3-thiophenyl dramatically enhance the activity as positive modulators of AMPAr with respect to IDRA21 and cyclothiazide. Mouse brain microdialysis studies have suggested that 7-chloro-5-(3-furyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide crosses the blood-brain barrier after intraperitoneal injection. Biological results have been rationalized by a computational docking simulation that it has currently employed to design new AMPAr-positive modulator candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto M. Battisti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
and Neuroengineering, Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin,
Poland
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Puia
- Dipartimento di Scienze
Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Stocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze
Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Braghiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Parenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Brasili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marina M. Carrozzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie
Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Cinzia Citti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie
Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigino Troisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie
Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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20
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Molecular modeling studies, synthesis, configurational stability and biological activity of 8-chloro-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethyl-pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Cannazza G, Battisti U, Carrozzo MM, Brasili L, Braghiroli D, Parenti C. Evaluation of stereo and chemical stability of chiral compounds. Chirality 2011; 23:851-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mueller R, Rachwal S, Lee S, Zhong S, Li YX, Haroldsen P, Herbst T, Tanimura S, Varney M, Johnson S, Rogers G, Street LJ. Benzotriazinone and benzopyrimidinone derivatives as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6170-5. [PMID: 21889339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) have been demonstrated to be an important therapeutic CNS target. A series of substituted benzotriazinone and benzopyrimidinone derivatives were prepared with the aim to improve in vivo activity over the previously reported bis-benzoxazinone based AMPAKINE series from our laboratory. These compounds were shown to be potent, positive allosteric AMPAR modulators that have better in vivo activity and improved metabolic stability over the analogous benzoxazinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Mueller
- Cortex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 15231 Barranca Parkway, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
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Substituted benzoxazinones as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators: part II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3927-30. [PMID: 21636273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are an important therapeutic target in the CNS. A series of substituted benzoxazinone derivatives with good to very good in vitro activity as positive allosteric AMPAR modulators was synthesized and evaluated. The appropriate substituent choice on the benzoxazinone fragment improved the affinity towards the AMPA receptor significantly in comparison to our lead molecule CX614.
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Mueller R, Li YX, Hampson A, Zhong S, Harris C, Marrs C, Rachwal S, Ulas J, Nielsson L, Rogers G. Benzoxazinones as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators: part I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3923-6. [PMID: 21636275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are an increasingly important therapeutic target in the CNS. Aniracetam, the first identified potentiator of AMPARs, led to the rigid and more potent CX614. This lead molecule was optimized in order to increase affinity towards the AMPA receptor. The substitution of the dioxine with a benzoxazinone ring system increased the activity and allowed further investigation of the sidechain SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Mueller
- Cortex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 15231 Barranca Parkway, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
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Epimerization and hydrolysis of 3,6-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro[1,2,4]thiadiazino[6,5,4-hi]indole 1,1-dioxide. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:8136-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen X, Zhu C, Guo F, Qiu X, Yang Y, Zhang S, He M, Parveen S, Jing C, Li Y, Ma B. Acetic Acid Derivatives of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide as a Novel Class of Potent Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8330-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Qiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Minlan He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Jing
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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Battisti UM, Cannazza G, Carrozzo MM, Braghiroli D, Parenti C, Rosato F, Troisi L. Regioselective reduction of 3-substituted 2,3-dihydrobenzothiadiazines with borohydrides. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Cannazza G, Carrozzo MM, Battisti U, Braghiroli D, Parenti C, Troisi A, Troisi L. Determination of kinetic parameters of enantiomerization of benzothiadiazines by DCXplorer. Chirality 2010; 22:789-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Van Heugen JC, Gillotin F, Danober L, Thomas JY, Chiap P, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. New Fluorinated 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides: Discovery of an Orally Active Cognitive Enhancer Acting through Potentiation of the 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid Receptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1700-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901495t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Florian Gillotin
- ATC s.a. (Advanced Technology Corporation), CHU de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Patrice Chiap
- ATC s.a. (Advanced Technology Corporation), CHU de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Ptak CP, Ahmed AH, Oswald RE. Probing the allosteric modulator binding site of GluR2 with thiazide derivatives. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8594-602. [PMID: 19673491 PMCID: PMC2756660 DOI: 10.1021/bi901127s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the majority of vertebrate excitatory synaptic transmission and are therapeutic targets for cognitive enhancement and treatment of schizophrenia. The binding domains of these tetrameric receptors consist of two dimers, and the dissociation of the dimer interface of the ligand-binding domain leads to desensitization in the continued presence of agonist. Positive allosteric modulators act by strengthening the dimer interface and reducing the level of desensitization, thereby increasing steady-state activation. Removing the desensitized state for simplified analysis of receptor activation is commonly achieved using cyclothiazide (CTZ), the most potent modulator of the benzothiadiazide class, with the flip form of the AMPA receptor subtype. IDRA-21, the first benzothiadiazide to have an effect in behavioral tests, is an important lead compound in clinical trials for cognitive enhancement as it can cross the blood-brain barrier. Intermediate structures between CTZ and IDRA-21 show reduced potency, suggesting that these two compounds have different contact points associated with binding. To understand how benzothiadiazides bind to the pocket bridging the dimer interface, we generated a series of crystal structures of the GluR2 ligand-binding domain complexed with benzothiadiazide derivatives (IDRA-21, hydroflumethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, trichlormethiazide, and althiazide) for comparison with an existing structure for cyclothiazide. The structures detail how changes in the substituents at the 3- and 7-positions of the hydrobenzothiadiazide ring shift the orientation of the drug in the binding site and, in some cases, change the stoichiometry of binding. All derivatives maintain a hydrogen bond with the Ser754 hydroxyl, affirming the partial selectivity of the benzothiadiazides for the flip form of AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert E. Oswald
- Corresponding author; telephone: 1-607-253-3877; fax: 1-607-253-3659;
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32
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Carrozzo MM, Cannazza G, Battisti U, Braghiroli D, Parenti C. Simultaneous determination of enantiomerization and hydrolysis kinetic parameters of chiralN-alkylbenzothiadiazine derivatives. Chirality 2009; 22:389-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Francotte P, Tullio PD, Podona T, Diouf O, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Danober L, Thomas JY, Caignard DH, Pirotte B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a second generation of pyridothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides acting as AMPA potentiators. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9948-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Francotte P, Tullio PD, Goffin E, Dintilhac G, Graindorge E, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Danober L, Thomas JY, Caignard DH, Pirotte B. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacology of Novel 7-Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides as Positive Allosteric Modulators of AMPA Receptors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3153-7. [PMID: 17552506 DOI: 10.1021/jm070120i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides have been synthesized and evaluated as potentiators of AMPA receptors. Attention was paid to the impact of the substituent introduced at the 7-position of the heterocycle. The biological evaluation was achieved by measuring the AMPA current in rat cortex mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. The most potent compound, 4-ethyl-7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (12a) was found to be active in an object recognition test in rats demonstrating cognition enhancing effects in vivo after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Drug Research Center, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Av. de l'Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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35
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Lynch G, Gall CM. Ampakines and the threefold path to cognitive enhancement. Trends Neurosci 2006; 29:554-62. [PMID: 16890999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ampakines are the first peripherally administered drugs that increase excitatory monosynaptic responses in the brain. Because of this effect, the compounds improve communication in complex networks, potently facilitate long-term potentiation (LTP) and induce the expression of neurotrophic factors. Ampakines are effective in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders and have produced positive results in a small number of human studies. Neurobiological considerations and modeling studies suggest that the drugs, in addition to their effects on disturbed behavior, will alter the encoding and organization of information in normal brains. Results from physiological and behavioral studies accord with this prediction. Building on these findings, this article considers how the threefold effects of ampakines will modify, and enhance, cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, USA.
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36
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Harpsøe K, Varming T, Gouliaev AH, Peters D, Liljefors T. Identification of a putative binding site for 5-alkyl-benzothiadiazides in the AMPA receptor dimer interface. J Mol Graph Model 2006; 26:213-25. [PMID: 16916614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of three different allosteric modulators co-crystallized with the iGluR2 ligand-binding domain are currently available. The modulators, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and CX614, bind at overlapping binding sites in the dimer interface between two iGluR2 subunits. However, pharmacological data indicate that there are one or more additional binding sites for this class of compounds. Based on differences in structure-activity relationship data we show that 5-alkyl-benzothiadiazide (5ABTD) modulators and a series of close analogs of cyclothiazide, despite having a common core structure, do not have the same binding site. In the present work, a new potential binding site for allosteric modulators has been identified in the dimer interface of the iGluR2 ligand-binding domain. By comparing different iGluR2 crystal structures including different co-crystallized agonists, this cavity is shown to be a structurally conserved part of the dimer interface. The cavity is characterized with respect to shape and potential favorable interactions with ligands and docking is used to find a reasonable binding mode for the core structure of the 5ABTDs. The extensive structure-activity data available for this series of compounds are in agreement with the proposed binding mode, supporting the conclusion that the identified cavity most likely is the binding site for the 5ABTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Marenco S, Weinberger DR. Therapeutic potential of positive AMPA receptor modulators in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs 2006; 20:173-85. [PMID: 16529524 DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200620030-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that potentiate the activity of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor cause a complex cascade of consequences in experimental models, ranging from enhancement of long-term potentiation to induction of neurotrophic factors. Animal studies characterising the pharmacological and behavioural effects of these substances have provided the rationale for several initial attempts to use these drugs in neuropsychiatric clinical settings. Applications in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment have been initiated. Other trials with these compounds include the treatment of Fragile X syndrome, and possible future applications may be in the field of Parkinson's disease. The literature published to date is limited mostly to small phase I or II trials, so there is no conclusive evidence for or against the use of these drugs. Substantial questions remain concerning which compounds to use, in what dose, for what condition and for how long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marenco
- Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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38
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Berredjem M, Regainia Z, Dewynter G, Montero JL, Aouf NE. Simple and efficient synthesis of new chiralN,N′-sulfonyl bis-oxazolidin-2-ones. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Maloshitskaya OA, Sinkkonen J, Alekseyev VV, Zelenin KN, Pihlaja K. A comparison of ring-chain tautomerism in heterocycles derived from 2-aminobenzenesulfonamide and anthranilamide. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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41
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Arai AC, Xia YF, Rogers G, Lynch G, Kessler M. Benzamide-type AMPA receptor modulators form two subfamilies with distinct modes of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:1075-85. [PMID: 12438530 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CX516 (BDP-12) and CX546, two first-generation benzamide-type AMPA receptor modulators, were compared with regard to their influence on AMPA receptor-mediated currents, autaptic responses in cultured hippocampal neurons, hippocampal excitatory postsynaptic currents, synaptic field potentials, and agonist binding. The two drugs exhibited comparable potencies in most tests but differed in their efficacy and in their relative impact on various response parameters. CX546 greatly prolonged the duration of synaptic responses, and it slowed 10-fold the deactivation of excised-patch currents following 1-ms pulses of glutamate. The effects of CX516 on those measures were, by comparison, small; however, the drug was equally or more efficacious than CX546 in increasing the amplitude of synaptic responses. This double dissociation suggests that amplitude and duration of synaptic responses are governed by different aspects of receptor kinetics, which are differentially modified by the two drugs. These effects can be reproduced in receptor simulations if one assumes that CX516 preferentially accelerates channel opening while CX546 slows channel closing. In binding tests, CX546 caused an approximately 2-fold increase in the affinity for radiolabeled agonists, whereas CX516 was ineffective. More importantly, even millimolar concentrations of CX516 did not influence the dose-response relation for CX546, suggesting the possibility that they bind to different sites. Taken together, the evidence suggests that benzamide modulators from the Ampakine family form two subgroups with different modes and sites of action. Of these, CX516-type drugs may have the greater therapeutic utility because of their limited efficacy in prolonging synaptic responses and in attenuating receptor desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Arai
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois 62702, USA.
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42
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Arai AC, Xia YF, Kessler M, Phillips D, Chamberlin R, Granger R, Lynch G. Effects of 5'-alkyl-benzothiadiazides on (R,S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor biophysics and synaptic responses. Mol Pharmacol 2002; 62:566-77. [PMID: 12181433 DOI: 10.1124/mol.62.3.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl-substituted benzothiadiazides (BTDs) were tested for their effects on (R,S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors. In excised patches, the 5'-ethyl derivative "D1" blocked the desensitization of AMPA receptor currents during prolonged application of glutamate (EC(50), 36 microM), and it slowed deactivation of responses elicited by 1-ms glutamate pulses greater than 10-fold. [(3)H]Fluorowillardiine binding to rat synaptic membranes was increased by D1 by a factor of 3.6 (EC(50), 17 microM) with a Hill coefficient near 2. In hippocampal slices, the compound reversibly increased excitatory postsynaptic currents and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with thresholds around 10 microM. The size of the alkyl substituent influenced both the potency and nature of the drug effect on synaptic currents: 5'-methyl compounds had a 2-fold greater effect on response amplitude than on response duration, whereas 5'-ethyl compounds like D1 caused greater increases in duration than amplitude. In tests with recombinantly expressed AMPA receptor subunits, D1 preferred the glutamate receptor (GluR) subunit GluR4 flip (0.64 microM) over GluR4 flop (5.3 microM); similar affinities but with smaller flip-flop differences were obtained for GluR1 through 3. These results show that D1 and congeners are significantly more potent than the parent compound IDRA-21 and that they differ in two fundamental aspects from cyclothiazide, the most widely studied BTD: 1) D1 markedly increases the agonist affinity of AMPA receptors and 2) it has immediate and large effects on field EPSPs. The large gain in potency conferred by alkyl substitution suggests that the 5' substituent is in intimate contact with the receptor, with the size of the substituent determining the way in which receptor kinetics is changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Arai
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9629, USA.
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