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Antibacterial Activity of Chromomycins from a Marine-Derived Streptomyces microflavus. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100522. [PMID: 33096696 PMCID: PMC7588889 DOI: 10.3390/md18100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A marine-derived actinomycete (Streptomyces sp. MBTI36) exhibiting antibacterial activities was investigated in the present study. The strain was identified using genetic techniques. The 16S rDNA sequence of the isolate indicated that it was most closely related to Streptomyces microflavus. Furthermore, a new chromomycin A9 (1), along with chromomycin Ap (2), chromomycin A2 (3), and chromomycin A3 (4), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract. Their structures were determined using extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRMS, as well as comparisons with previously reported data. Compounds 1–4 showed potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). During a passage experiment, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for compounds 1–4 showed no more than a 4-fold increase from the starting MIC value, indicating that no resistance was detected over the 21 passages.
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Goswami S, Sanyal S, Chakraborty P, Das C, Sarkar M. Interaction of a common painkiller piroxicam and copper-piroxicam with chromatin causes structural alterations accompanied by modulation at the epigenomic/genomic level. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2048-2059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Ragheb R, Venton G, Chelbi R, Bonnet N, Le Treut T, Ivanov V, Mercier C, Poulin P, Beaufils N, Gabert J, Suchon P, Rihet P, Loriod B, Kahn-Perlès B, Costello RT. Vorinostat and Mithramycin A in combination therapy as an interesting strategy for the treatment of Sézary T lymphoma: a transcriptomic approach. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:611-623. [PMID: 28695331 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SAHA (vorinostat) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating advanced refractory cutaneous T cell lymphomas. As SAHA alters the expression of many genes under control of the Sp1 transcription factor, we examined the effect of its association with the FDA-approved anticancer antibiotic Mithramycin A (MTR, plicamycin), a competitive inhibitor of Sp1 binding to DNA. Sézary syndrome (SS) cells, expanded ex vivo from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 4 patients, were tested for their sensitivity to the drugs regarding cytotoxicity and differential responsive gene expression. Multivariate statistical methods were used to identify genes whose expression is altered by SAHA, MTR, and the synergist effect of the two drugs. MTR, like SAHA, induced the apoptosis of SS cells, while the two drugs in combination showed clear synergy or potentiation. Expression data stressed a likely important role of additive or synergistic epigenetic modifications in the combined effect of the two drugs, while direct inhibition of Sp1-dependent transcription seemed to have only limited impact. Ontological analysis of modified gene expression suggested that the two drugs, either independently or synergistically, counteracted many intertwined pro-survival pathways deregulated in SS cells, resistance of these tumors to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, abnormal adhesion migration, and invasive properties, as well as immunosuppressive behavior. Our findings provide preliminary clues on the individual and combined effects of SAHA and MTR in SS cells and highlight a potential therapeutic interest of this novel pair of drugs for treatment of SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ragheb
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, 13288, Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - G Venton
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, 13288, Marseille-Luminy, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - R Chelbi
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, 13288, Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - N Bonnet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Service de Dermatologie, 13915, Marseille, France
| | - T Le Treut
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, 13915, Marseille, France
| | - V Ivanov
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - C Mercier
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - P Poulin
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital La Conception, Service d'Hémaphérèse, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - N Beaufils
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Laboratoire de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - J Gabert
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Laboratoire de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - P Suchon
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Hématologie, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - P Rihet
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, 13288, Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - B Loriod
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, 13288, Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - B Kahn-Perlès
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, 13288, Marseille-Luminy, France
| | - Régis T Costello
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S 1090, Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics, 13288, Marseille-Luminy, France. .,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 13005, Marseille, France.
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Roy S, Loganathan G, Dharumadurai D, Akbarsha MA, Sarathi GP. Model studies on the interactions of a Cu(II)-quinone complex with surfactant micelles and DNA explore its induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1330466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), Howrah, India
| | - Gayathri Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mohammad A. Akbarsha
- Mahathma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guin Partha Sarathi
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), Howrah, India
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Prusov AN, Smirnova TA, Kolomijtseva GY. Extraction of histone H1 and decondensation of nuclear chromatin with various Mg-dependent organization levels under treatment with polyglutamic acid and distamycin. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:356-65. [PMID: 25761689 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin in rat liver nuclei under conditions of low ionic strength (20-25 mM) and [Mg2+] from 2 to 5 mM has a condensed structure (100-200 nm globules) and gives the same CD signal (320-340 nm) at interaction with the antibiotic distamycin A (DM). Reducing [Mg2+] to 1 mM leads to chromatin decondensation to 30 nm structures and increases the CD signal. Poly-L-glutamic acid (PG) at weight ratio PG/DNA = 6 and in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ extracts only about 1/8 of nuclear histone H1, preserving a condensed chromatin structure. Removal of about 1/4 of H1 at 3 mM Mg2+ leads to chromatin decondensation to 30 nm fibrils. Extraction of about half of histone H1 at [Mg2+] ≤ 2 mM results in chromatin refolding to nucleosome fibrils. PG-decondensation leads to a significant increase in the CD signal. The main H1 extraction occurs in 1-2 min, but at all Mg2+ concentrations the more slowly PG extracted fraction is found comprising 5-7% of nuclear H1. About 25% of leaving nuclear H1 can be extracted by PG in the presence of saturating DM concentration (molar DM/DNA = 0.1). H1 release depends significantly on the PG concentration. However, even at high weight ratio PG/DNA = 30 and DM/DNA = 0.1, about 5-10% of histone H1 remained in the nuclei. Decondensation of chromatin in the nucleus is not always proportional to the yield of extracted histone H1 and is weakened in the presence of positively charged DM or high concentrations of PG. Our results show that the interaction of DM with chromatin depends primarily on chromatin packaging, while PG extraction depends on [Mg2+] supporting this packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Prusov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Mondal P, Roy S, Loganathan G, Mandal B, Dharumadurai D, Akbarsha MA, Sengupta PS, Chattopadhyay S, Guin PS. 1-Amino-4-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone - An analogue of anthracycline anticancer drugs, interacts with DNA and induces apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 breast adinocarcinoma cells: Evaluation of structure-activity relationship using computational, spectroscopic and biochemical studies. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:312-323. [PMID: 29124219 PMCID: PMC5669404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic properties of 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1-AHAQ), a simple analogue of anthracycline chemotherapeutic drugs were studied by adopting experimental and computational methods. The optimized geometrical parameters obtained from computational methods were compared with the results of X-ray diffraction analysis and the two were found to be in reasonably good agreement. X-ray diffraction study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis indicated two types of hydrogen bonds in the molecule. The IR spectra of 1-AHAQ were studied by Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA) using potential energy distribution (PED) analysis. The electronic spectra were studied by TDDFT computation and compared with the experimental results. Experimental and theoretical results corroborated each other to a fair extent. To understand the biological efficacy of 1-AHAQ, it was allowed to interact with calf thymus DNA and human breast adino-carcinoma cell MDA-MB-231. It was found that the molecule induces apoptosis in this adinocarcinoma cell, with little, if any, cytotoxic effect in HBL-100 normal breast epithelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palash Mondal
- Department of Chemistry (UG & PG), Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Burdwan 713103, India
| | - Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), 412/1 G.T. Road (South), Howrah 711102, India
| | - Gayathri Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Bitapi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section), Jadavpur University, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Mohammad A. Akbarsha
- Mahathma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shouvik Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section), Jadavpur University, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), 412/1 G.T. Road (South), Howrah 711102, India
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Huang Z, Huang L, Shen S, Li J, Lu H, Mo W, Dang Y, Luo D, Chen G, Feng Z. Sp1 cooperates with Sp3 to upregulate MALAT1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2403-12. [PMID: 26352013 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), also known as nuclear-enriched transcript 2 (NEAT2), is highly conserved among mammals and highly expressed in the nucleus. It was first identified in lung cancer as a prognostic marker for metastasis but is also associated with several other solid tumors. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), MALAT1 is a novel biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence after liver transplantation. The mechanism of overexpression in tumor progression remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of specificity protein 1/3 (Sp1/3) in regulation of MALAT1 transcription in HCC cells. The results showed a high expression of Sp1, Sp3 and MALAT1 in HCC vs. paired non-tumor liver tissues, which was associated with the AFP level (Sp1, r=7.44, P=0.0064; MALAT1, r=12.37, P=0.0004). Co-silencing of Sp1 and Sp3 synergistically repressed MALAT1 expression. Sp1 binding inhibitor, mithramycin A (MIT), also inhibited MALAT1 expression in HCC cells. In conclusion, the upstream of MALAT1 contains five Sp1/3 binding sites, which may be responsible for MALAT1 transcription. Inhibitors, such as MIT, provide a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC patients with MALAT1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lanshan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Siqiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Mo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yiwu Dang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dianzhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbo Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Investigation on the interaction of 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone with calf thymus DNA and CTAB micelles. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Banerjee A, Sanyal S, Majumder P, Chakraborty P, Jana K, Das C, Dasgupta D. Recognition of chromatin by the plant alkaloid, ellipticine as a dual binder. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:352-7. [PMID: 25960297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of core histone components of chromatin along with chromosomal DNA by a class of small molecule modulators is worth examining to evaluate their intracellular mode of action. A plant alkaloid ellipticine (ELP) which is a putative anticancer agent has so far been reported to function via DNA intercalation, association with topoisomerase II and binding to telomere region. However, its effect upon the potential intracellular target, chromatin is hitherto unreported. Here we have characterized the biomolecular recognition between ELP and different hierarchical levels of chromatin. The significant result is that in addition to DNA, it binds to core histone(s) and can be categorized as a 'dual binder'. As a sequel to binding with histone(s) and core octamer, it alters post-translational histone acetylation marks. We have further demonstrated that it has the potential to modulate gene expression thereby regulating several key biological processes such as nuclear organization, transcription, translation and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Sulagna Sanyal
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Parijat Majumder
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Translational Animal Research, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India.
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Kulkarni KK, Bankar KG, Shukla RN, Das C, Banerjee A, Dasgupta D, Vasudevan M. Global gene expression profiling data analysis reveals key gene families and biological processes inhibited by Mithramycin in sarcoma cell lines. GENOMICS DATA 2014; 3:8-14. [PMID: 26484141 PMCID: PMC4535529 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of Mithramycin as an anticancer drug has been well studied. Sarcoma is a type of cancer arising from cells of mesenchymal origin. Though incidence of sarcoma is not of significant percentage, it becomes vital to understand the role of Mithramycin in controlling tumor progression of sarcoma. In this article, we have analyzed the global gene expression profile changes induced by Mithramycin in two different sarcoma lines from whole genome gene expression profiling microarray data. We have found that the primary mode of action of Mithramycin is by global repression of key cellular processes and gene families like phosphoproteins, kinases, alternative splicing, regulation of transcription, DNA binding, regulation of histone acetylation, negative regulation of gene expression, chromosome organization or chromatin assembly and cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti K Kulkarni
- Genome Informatics Research Group, Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560043, India
| | - Kiran Gopinath Bankar
- Genome Informatics Research Group, Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560043, India
| | - Rohit Nandan Shukla
- Genome Informatics Research Group, Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560043, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Madavan Vasudevan
- Genome Informatics Research Group, Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd., Bangalore 560043, India
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Banerjee A, Sanyal S, Kulkarni KK, Jana K, Roy S, Das C, Dasgupta D. Anticancer drug mithramycin interacts with core histones: An additional mode of action of the DNA groove binder. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:987-95. [PMID: 25473595 PMCID: PMC4247356 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mithramycin (MTR) is a clinically approved DNA-binding antitumor antibiotic currently in Phase 2 clinical trials at National Institutes of Health for treatment of osteosarcoma. In view of the resurgence in the studies of this generic antibiotic as a human medicine, we have examined the binding properties of MTR with the integral component of chromatin - histone proteins - as a part of our broad objective to classify DNA-binding molecules in terms of their ability to bind chromosomal DNA alone (single binding mode) or both histones and chromosomal DNA (dual binding mode). The present report shows that besides DNA, MTR also binds to core histones present in chromatin and thus possesses the property of dual binding in the chromatin context. In contrast to the MTR-DNA interaction, association of MTR with histones does not require obligatory presence of bivalent metal ion like Mg(2+). As a consequence of its ability to interact with core histones, MTR inhibits histone H3 acetylation at lysine 18, an important signature of active chromatin, in vitro and ex vivo. Reanalysis of microarray data of Ewing sarcoma cell lines shows that upon MTR treatment there is a significant down regulation of genes, possibly implicating a repression of H3K18Ac-enriched genes apart from DNA-binding transcription factors. Association of MTR with core histones and its ability to alter post-translational modification of histone H3 clearly indicates an additional mode of action of this anticancer drug that could be implicated in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Key Words
- BAC, benzalkonium chloride
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CBP, CREB-binding protein
- CD, circular dichroism
- Core histones
- Dual binding mode
- EM, electron microscopy
- EWS-FLI1, transcription factor with a DNA binding domain FLI1 and a transcription enhancer domain EWS
- Epigenetic modulator
- FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting
- H3K18 acetylation
- H3K18Ac, histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HD, Huntington’s disease
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- M2+, bivalent metal ion such as Mg2+
- MTR, mithramycin
- MTT, 3-(4-5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2-5diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide
- Mithramycin
- NIH, National Institutes of Health
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PTM, post-translational modification
- SGR, sanguinarine
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline Tween-20
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Sulagna Sanyal
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Kirti K Kulkarni
- Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore 560043, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Translational Animal Research, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
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Mithramycin interacts with core histones and modulates epigenetic modifications. Epigenetics Chromatin 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620573 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-s1-p106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Minor Groove Binder Distamycin Remodels Chromatin but Inhibits Transcription. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57693. [PMID: 23460895 PMCID: PMC3584068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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15
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Dasgupta D, Majumder P, Banerjee A. A revisit of the mode of interaction of small transcription inhibitors with genomic DNA. J Biosci 2012; 37:475-81. [PMID: 22750984 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One class of small molecules with therapeutic potential for treatment of cancer functions as transcription inhibitors via interaction with double-stranded DNA. Majority of the studies of the interaction with DNA have so far been reported under conditions nonexistent in vivo. Inside the cell, DNA is present in the nucleus as a complex with proteins known as chromatin. For the last few years we have been studying the interaction of these DNA-binding small molecules at the chromatin level with emphasis on the drug-induced structural alterations in chromatin. Our studies have shown that at the chromatin level these molecules could be classified in two broad categories: single-binding and dual-binding molecules. Single-binding molecules access only DNA in the chromatin, while the dual-binding molecules could bind to both DNA and the associated histone(s). Structural effects of the DNA-binding molecules upon chromatin in light of the above broad categories and the associated biological implications of the two types of binding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.
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Núñez LE, Nybo SE, González-Sabín J, Pérez M, Menéndez N, Braña AF, Shaaban KA, He M, Morís F, Salas JA, Rohr J, Méndez C. A novel mithramycin analogue with high antitumor activity and less toxicity generated by combinatorial biosynthesis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5813-25. [PMID: 22578073 DOI: 10.1021/jm300234t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mithramycin is an antitumor compound produced by Streptomyces argillaceus that has been used for the treatment of several types of tumors and hypercalcaemia processes. However, its use in humans has been limited because of its side effects. Using combinatorial biosynthesis approaches, we have generated seven new mithramycin derivatives, which differ from the parental compound in the sugar profile or in both the sugar profile and the 3-side chain. From these studies three novel derivatives were identified, demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SK, demycarosylmithramycin SDK, and demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SDK, which show high antitumor activity. The first one, which combines two structural features previously found to improve pharmacological behavior, was generated following two different strategies, and it showed less toxicity than mithramycin. Preliminary in vivo evaluation of its antitumor activity through hollow fiber assays, and in subcutaneous colon and melanoma cancers xenografts models, suggests that demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SK could be a promising antitumor agent worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz E Núñez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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González-Sabín J, Núñez LE, Braña AF, Méndez C, Salas JA, Gotor V, Morís F. Regioselective Enzymatic Acylation of Aureolic Acids to Obtain Novel Analogues with Improved Antitumor Activity. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Guin PS, Mandal PC, Das S. The Binding of a Hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone CuII Complex to Calf Thymus DNA: Electrochemistry and UV/Vis Spectroscopy. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Sehanobish E, Sarkar M. Binding of Cu(II) complexes of oxicam NSAIDs to alternating AT and homopolymeric AT sequences: differential response to variation in backbone structure. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:475-87. [PMID: 22270943 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Besides their principal functions as painkillers and anti-inflammatory agents, drugs belonging to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) group also have anticancer properties. Cu(II) complexes of these drugs enhance the anticancer effect. How they exert this effect is not clear. As a possible molecular mechanism, our group has already shown that the Cu(II) complexes of two oxicam NSAIDs with anticancer properties, viz. piroxicam and meloxicam, can directly bind to the DNA backbone. AT stretches are abundant in the eukaryotic genome. These stretches are more accessible to binding of different ligands, resulting in expression of different functions. AT stretches containing both alternating base pairs and homopolymeric bases in individual strands show subtle differences in backbone structures. It is therefore of interest to see how the Cu(II)-NSAID complexes respond to such differences in backbone structure. Binding studies of these complexes with alternating polydA-dT and homopolymeric polydA-polydT have been conducted using UV-vis absorption titration studies, UV melting studies and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Competitive binding with the standard intercalator ethidium bromide and the minor groove binder 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole was monitored using fluorescence to identify the possible binding mode. Our results show that Cu(II)-NSAID complexes are highly sensitive to the subtle differences in backbone structures of polydA-dT and polydA-polydT and respond to them by exhibiting different binding properties, such as binding constants, effect on duplex stability and binding modes. Both complexes have a similar binding mode with polydA-dT, which is intercalative, but for polydA-polydT, the results point to a mixed mode of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Chakraborty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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20
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Interaction of Calf Thymus DNA with the Ni(II) Complex of Sodium 1,4-Dihydroxy-9,10-Anthraquinone-2-Sulphonate: A Novel Method of Analysis Using Cyclic Voltammetry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/183745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones are cheaper alternatives to anthracycline drugs. They closely resemble anthracycline drugs both from a structural and functional viewpoint. Electrochemical behavior of the Ni(II) complex (Na2[Ni(NaLH)2Cl2]⋅2H2O) of sodium 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulphonate (NaLH2), analogue of the core unit of anthracycline anticancer drugs, was studied at physiological pH using cyclic voltammetry. The Ni(II) complex of sodium 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulphonate undergoes diffusion-controlled one-electron reduction that enables performing an electrochemical study on the interaction of the complex with calf thymus DNA. The complex was titrated with increasing concentrations of DNA, and the reduction peak for the unbound complex helped in evaluating binding parameters. Analysis of binding data using nonlinear curve fit in a cyclic voltammetry experiment is the first such attempt. The paper evaluates site size of interaction that also serves as a means to determine stoichiometry of complex formation, between a metal ion and ligand from a DNA interaction study, probably a first of its kind.
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Majumder P, Dasgupta D. Effect of DNA groove binder distamycin A upon chromatin structure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26486. [PMID: 22046291 PMCID: PMC3202541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distamycin A is a prototype minor groove binder, which binds to B-form DNA, preferentially at A/T rich sites. Extensive work in the past few decades has characterized the binding at the level of double stranded DNA. However, effect of the same on physiological DNA, i.e. DNA complexed in chromatin, has not been well studied. Here we elucidate from a structural perspective, the interaction of distamycin with soluble chromatin, isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Chromatin is a hierarchical assemblage of DNA and protein. Therefore, in order to characterize the interaction of the same with distamycin, we have classified the system into various levels, according to the requirements of the method adopted, and the information to be obtained. Isothermal titration calorimetry has been employed to characterize the binding at the levels of chromatin, chromatosome and chromosomal DNA. Thermodynamic parameters obtained thereof, identify enthalpy as the driving force for the association, with comparable binding affinity and free energy for chromatin and chromosomal DNA. Reaction enthalpies at different temperatures were utilized to evaluate the change in specific heat capacity (ΔCp), which, in turn, indicated a possible binding associated structural change. Ligand induced structural alterations have been monitored by two complementary methods--dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. They indicate compaction of chromatin. Using transmission electron microscopy, we have visualized the effect of distamycin upon chromatin architecture at di- and trinucleosome levels. Our results elucidate the simultaneous involvement of linker bending and internucleosomal angle contraction in compaction process induced by distamycin. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We summarize here, for the first time, the thermodynamic parameters for the interaction of distamycin with soluble chromatin, and elucidate its effect on chromatin architecture. The study provides insight into a ligand induced compaction phenomenon, and suggests new mechanisms of chromatin architectural alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Majumder
- Biophysics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Prusov AN, Smirnova TA, Kurochkina LP, Kolomijtseva GY. Influence of distamycin, chromomycin, and UV-irradiation on extraction of histone H1 from rat liver nuclei by polyglutamic acid. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1331-41. [PMID: 21314600 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rat liver nucleus histone H1 was fractionated by polyglutamic acid (PG) in the presence of distamycin A (DM) or chromomycin A(3) (CM). In the absence of the antibiotics, PG extracts from the nuclei about half of the nuclear H1. DM or CM added to the nuclei in saturating concentrations weakens the binding potential of most of H1. Titration of nuclei with DM shows that the number of binding sites for DM in the nuclei is less than in isolated DNA by only 20-25%, and this difference disappears after treatment of nuclei with PG. The lower CD value of DM complexes with nuclei compared to that of DM complexes with free DNA is evidence of a change in the DM-DNA binding mode in nuclear chromatin. About 25% of total histone H1 is sensitive only to DM and ~5% is sensitive only to CM. Half of the DM-sensitive H1 fraction seems to have a different binding mode in condensed compared relaxed chromatin. A small part of H1 (~3%) remains tightly bound to the nuclear chromatin independent of the presence of the antibiotics. Subfraction H1A is more DM-sensitive and H1B is more CM-sensitive. UV irradiation of nuclei results in dose-dependent cross-linking of up to 50% of total H1, which is neither acid-extractable nor recovered during SDS electrophoresis. PG with DM extracts only about 3% of H1 from UV-stabilized chromatin. DM treatment of the nuclei before UV irradiation results in extraction of the whole DM-sensitive H1 fraction (~25%), which in this case is not stabilized in the nucleus. A hypothesis on possible roles of the found H1 fractions in chromatin structural organization is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Prusov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Guin PS, Das S, Mandal PC. Interaction of 1,4-Dihydroxy–9,10-Anthraquinone with Calf Thymus DNA: A Comparison with Anthracycline Anticancer Drugs. J SOLUTION CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-011-9654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bosserman MA, Flórez AB, Shaaban KA, Braña AF, Salas JA, Méndez C, Rohr J. Characterization of the terminal activation step catalyzed by oxygenase CmmOIV of the chromomycin biosynthetic pathway from Streptomyces griseus. Biochemistry 2011; 50:1421-8. [PMID: 21244022 DOI: 10.1021/bi1016205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation and initial interrogation of key oxygenase CmmOIV of the biosynthetic pathway of chromomycin A(3) in Streptomyces griseus ssp. griseus revealed that a completely methylated and acetylated prechromomycin is the preferred substrate of this enzyme. This suggests that the three sugar decoration reactions, two O-acetylations and an O-methylation, which were previously believed to occur as the final steps of chromomycin A(3) biosynthesis, indeed take place prior to the CmmOIV reaction. Upon inactivation of CmmOIV, four new compounds accumulated; the fully decorated prechromomycin and its incompletely acetylated precursor along with a diketoprechromomycin-type compound were fully characterized and assayed with CmmOIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Bosserman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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García B, González-Sabín J, Menéndez N, Braña AF, Núñez LE, Morís F, Salas JA, Méndez C. The chromomycin CmmA acetyltransferase: a membrane-bound enzyme as a tool for increasing structural diversity of the antitumour mithramycin. Microb Biotechnol 2010; 4:226-38. [PMID: 21342468 PMCID: PMC3818863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mithramycin and chromomycin A3 are two structurally related antitumour compounds, which differ in the glycosylation profiles and functional group substitutions of the sugars. Chromomycin contains two acetyl groups, which are incorporated during the biosynthesis by the acetyltransferase CmmA in Streptomyces griseus ssp. griseus. A bioconversion strategy using an engineered S. griseus strain generated seven novel acetylated mithramycins. The newly formed compounds were purified and characterized by MS and NMR. These new compounds differ from their parental compounds in the presence of one, two or three acetyl groups, attached at 3E, 4E and/or 4D positions. All new mithramycin analogues showed antitumour activity at micromolar of lower concentrations. Some of the compounds showed improved activities against glioblastoma or pancreas tumour cells. The CmmA acetyltransferase was located in the cell membrane and was shown to accept several acyl‐CoA substrates. All these results highlight the potential of CmmA as a tool to create structural diversity in these antitumour compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz García
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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26
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Role of structure-proteins in the porphyrin-DNA interaction. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:207-15. [PMID: 19604705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the complexation of meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP) with HeLa nucleosomes and compared it to our earlier results on T7 phage nucleoprotein complex (NP) and isolated DNA. To identify binding modes and relative concentrations of the bound TMPyP forms, the porphyrin absorption spectra were analyzed at various base pair/porphyrin ratios. Spectral decomposition and circular dichroism measurements proved that the two main binding modes of TMPyP, i.e., external binding and intercalation occur also in the nucleosomes. The DNA superstructure maintained by the proteins decreases its accessibility for TMPyP similarly in both nucleoproteins. A difference is observed between the partitioning of the two binding modes: in the case of nucleosome the ratio of intercalation to groove-binding is changed from 60/40 to 40/60 as determined for T7 NP and for isolated DNA-s. Using UV and CD melting studies, we revealed that TMPyP destabilizes the DNA-protein interaction in the nucleosomes but not in the T7 phage. Lastly, photoinduced reaction of bound TMPyP caused alterations in DNA structures and DNA-protein interactions within both nucleoprotein complexes; the nucleosomes were found to be more sensitive to the photoreaction.
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Pérez M, Baig I, Braña AF, Salas JA, Rohr J, Méndez C. Generation of new derivatives of the antitumor antibiotic mithramycin by altering the glycosylation pattern through combinatorial biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2009; 9:2295-304. [PMID: 18756551 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mithramycin is an antitumor drug produced by Streptomyces argillaceus. It consists of a tricyclic aglycone and five deoxyhexoses that form a disaccharide and a trisaccharide chain, which are important for target interaction and therefore for the antitumor activity. Using a combinatorial biosynthesis approach, we have generated nine mithramycin derivatives, seven of which are new compounds, with alterations in the glycosylation pattern. The wild-type S. argillaceus strain and the mutant S. argillaceus M7U1, which has altered D-oliose biosynthesis, were used as hosts to express various "sugar plasmids", each one directing the biosynthesis of a different deoxyhexose. The newly formed compounds were purified and characterized by MS and NMR. Compared to mithramycin, they contained different sugar substitutions in the second (D-olivose, D-mycarose, or D-boivinose instead of D-oliose) and third (D-digitoxose instead of D-mycarose) sugar units of the trisaccharide as well as in the first (D-amicetose instead of D-olivose) sugar unit of the disaccharide. All compounds showed antitumor activity against different tumor cell lines. Structure-activity relationships are discussed on the basis of the number and type of deoxyhexoses present in these mithramycin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Nelson SM, Ferguson LR, Denny WA. Non-covalent ligand/DNA interactions: minor groove binding agents. Mutat Res 2007; 623:24-40. [PMID: 17507044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanism by which minor groove binding agents interact with DNA has led to the design of agents that can reversibly bind with high selectivity to extended DNA target sequences. Simple compounds, such as the polypyrroles and the bis-benzimidazoles, have been used as carriers for alkylating agents effectively directing alkylation to specific DNA sequences. The spectrum of DNA alkylation and mutation by classical alkylators, such as nitrogen mustards, has been profoundly modified by such attachment. The observed "side-by-side" binding of small polypyrrole antibiotics has led to the design of synthetic hairpin polyamides with programmable DNA sequence selectivity. These compounds are able to compete with natural substrates, such as specific transcription factors, and alter gene expression. They are being developed as artificial transcription factors, able to deliver activating peptides to specific recognition sequences, and as potential protein-DNA dimerization agents. Hairpin polyamides are also being used as carriers for the delivery of alkylators to defined DNA sites. The degree of control of gene expression thus offered by the hairpin polyamides suggests enormous promise for their clinical utility. Recent developments with other minor groove binding small molecules and technological advances are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Nelson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 10000, New Zealand.
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Yao PL, Lin YC, Sawhney P, Richburg JH. Transcriptional regulation of FasL expression and participation of sTNF-alpha in response to sertoli cell injury. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:5420-31. [PMID: 17192273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609068200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fas/FasL signaling pathway has previously been demonstrated to be critical for triggering germ cell apoptosis in response to mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP)-induced Sertoli cell injury. Although Sertoli cells ubiquitously express the FasL protein, MEHP-induced germ cell apoptosis appears to tightly correlate with increased levels of Sertoli cell FasL. Here we characterize the transcriptional regulation of the murine FasL gene in Sertoli cells after MEHP exposure. A serial deletion strategy for 1.5 kb of the 5'-upstream activating sequence of the FasL promoter was used to determine transcriptional activity in response to MEHP. Luciferase activity of the FasL promoter in the rat Sertoli cell line ASC-17D revealed that two regions, -500 to -324 and -1250 to -1000, were necessary to drive the inducible transcription of FasL. Sequence analysis of these two regions revealed two cis-regulatory elements, NF-kappaB and Sp-1. By site-directed mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, it was confirmed that MEHP-induced FasL expression is enhanced through the transcriptional regulation of both NF-kappaB and Sp-1. Experiments performed both in vitro and in vivo revealed that MEHP exposure results in an increased production of sTNF-alpha and that sTNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation causes robust increases in FasL levels in both the ASC-17D Sertoli cell line and in primary rat Sertoli cell/germ cell co-cultures. In the seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cells express TNFR1, whereas germ cells produce TNF-alpha. Therefore, sTNF-alpha released by germ cells after MEHP-induced Sertoli cell injury acts upon Sertoli cell TNFR1 and activates NF-kappaB and Sp-1 that consequently causes a robust induction of FasL expression. These novel findings point to a potential "feed-forward" signaling mechanism by which germ cells prompt Sertoli cells to trigger their apoptotic elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Yao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1074, USA
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Lombó F, Menéndez N, Salas JA, Méndez C. The aureolic acid family of antitumor compounds: structure, mode of action, biosynthesis, and novel derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:1-14. [PMID: 17013601 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the aureolic acid family are tricyclic polyketides with antitumor activity which are produced by different streptomycete species. These members are glycosylated compounds with two oligosaccharide chains of variable sugar length. They interact with the DNA minor groove in high-GC-content regions in a nonintercalative way and with a requirement for magnesium ions. Mithramycin and chromomycins are the most representative members of the family, mithramycin being used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of several cancer diseases. For chromomycin and durhamycin A, antiviral activity has also been reported. The biosynthesis gene clusters for mithramycin and chromomycin A(3) have been studied in detail by gene sequencing, insertional inactivation, and gene expression. Most of the biosynthetic intermediates in these pathways have been isolated and characterized. Some of these compounds showed an increase in antitumor activity in comparison with the parent compounds. A common step in the biosynthesis of all members of the family is the formation of the tetracyclic intermediate premithramycinone. Further biosynthetic steps (glycosylation, methylations, acylations) proceed through tetracyclic intermediates which are finally converted into tricyclic compounds by the action of a monooxygenase, a key event for the biological activity. Heterologous expression of biosynthetic genes from other aromatic polyketide pathways in the mithramycin producer (or some mutants) led to the isolation of novel hybrid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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Roy S, Banerjee R, Sarkar M. Direct binding of Cu(II)-complexes of oxicam NSAIDs with DNA backbone. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:1320-31. [PMID: 16684565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Drugs belonging to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group (NSAID) are not only used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, but also exhibit chemopreventive and chemosuppressive effects on various cancer cell lines. They exert their anticancer effects by inhibiting both at the protein level and/or at the transcription level. Cu(II) complexes of these NSAIDs show better anti-cancer effects than the bare drugs. Considering the above aspects, it is of interest to see if Cu(II) complexes of these drugs can exert their effects directly at the DNA level. In this study, we have used UV-Vis spectroscopy to characterize the complexation between Cu(II) and two NSAIDs belonging to the oxicam group viz. piroxicam and meloxicam, both of which exhibit anticancer properties. For the first time, this study shows that, Cu(II)-NSAID complexes can directly bind with the DNA backbone, and the binding constants and the stoichiometry or the binding site sizes have been determined. Thermodynamic parameters from van't Hoff plots showed that the interaction of these Cu(II)-NSAID complexes with ctDNA is an entropically driven phenomenon. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the binding of these Cu(II)-NSAIDs with ctDNA result in DNA backbone distortions which is similar for both Cu(II)-piroxicam and Cu(II)-meloxicam complexes. Competitive binding with a standard intercalator like ethidium bromide (EtBr) followed by CD as well as fluorescence measurements indicate that the Cu(II)-NSAID complexes could intercalate in the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Roy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Calcutta 700 064, India
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Menéndez N, Nur-e-Alam M, Fischer C, Braña AF, Salas JA, Rohr J, Méndez C. Deoxysugar transfer during chromomycin A3 biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus: new derivatives with antitumor activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:167-77. [PMID: 16391039 PMCID: PMC1352227 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.167-177.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromomycin A3 is an antitumor drug produced by Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus. It consists of a tricyclic aglycone with two aliphatic side chains and two O-glycosidically linked saccharide chains, a disaccharide of 4-O-acetyl-D-oliose (sugar A) and 4-O-methyl-D-oliose (sugar B), and a trisaccharide of D-olivose (sugar C), D-olivose (sugar D), and 4-O-acetyl-L-chromose B (sugar E). The chromomycin gene cluster contains four glycosyltransferase genes (cmmGI, cmmGII, cmmGIII, and cmmGIV), which were independently inactivated through gene replacement, generating mutants C60GI, C10GII, C10GIII, and C10GIV. Mutants C10GIV and C10GIII produced the known compounds premithramycinone and premithramycin A1, respectively, indicating the involvement of CmmGIV and CmmGIII in the sequential transfer of sugars C and D and possibly also of sugar E of the trisaccharide chain, to the 12a position of the tetracyclic intermediate premithramycinone. Mutant C10GII produced two new tetracyclic compounds lacking the disaccharide chain at the 8 position, named prechromomycin A3 and prechromomycin A2. All three compounds accumulated by mutant C60GI were tricyclic and lacked sugar B of the disaccharide chain, and they were named prechromomycin A4, 4A-O-deacetyl-3A-O-acetyl-prechromomycin A4, and 3A-O-acetyl-prechromomycin A4. CmmGII and CmmGI are therefore responsible for the formation of the disaccharide chain by incorporating, in a sequential manner, two D-oliosyl residues to the 8 position of the biosynthetic intermediate prechromomycin A3. A biosynthetic pathway is proposed for the glycosylation events in chromomycin A3 biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Menéndez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Menéndez N, Nur-E-Alam M, Braña AF, Rohr J, Salas JA, Méndez C. Tailoring modification of deoxysugars during biosynthesis of the antitumour drug chromomycin A by Streptomyces griseus ssp. griseus. Mol Microbiol 2004; 53:903-15. [PMID: 15255901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chromomycin A3 is a member of the aureolic acid group family of antitumour drugs. Three tailoring modification steps occur during its biosynthesis affecting the sugar moieties: two O-acetylations and one O-methylation. The 4-O-methylation in the 4-O-methyl-D-oliose moiety of the disaccharide chain is catalysed by the cmmMIII gene product. Inactivation of this gene generated a chromomycin-non-producing mutant that accumulated three unmethylated derivatives containing all sugars but differing in the acylation pattern. Two of these compounds were shown to be substrates of the methyltransferase as determined by their bioconversion into chromomycin A2 and A3 after feeding these compounds to a Streptomyces albus strain expressing the cmmMIII gene. The same single membrane-bound enzyme, encoded by the cmmA gene, is responsible for both acetyl transfer reactions, which convert a relatively inactive compound into the bioactive chromomycin A3. Insertional inactivation of this gene resulted in a mutant accumulating a dideacetylated chromomycin A3 derivative. This compound, lacking both acetyl groups, was converted in a two-step reaction via the 4E-monoacetylated intermediate into chromomycin A3 when fed to cultures of S. albus expressing the cmmA gene. This acetylation step would occur as the last step in chromomycin biosynthesis, being a very important event for self-protection of the producing organism. It would convert a molecule with low biological activity into an active one, in a reaction catalysed by an enzyme that is predicted to be located in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Menéndez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Zsila F, Bikadi Z, Simonyi M. Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies reveal pH dependent binding of curcumin in the minor groove of natural and synthetic nucleic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:2902-10. [PMID: 15480453 DOI: 10.1039/b409724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an interaction between the non-toxic, cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin and both natural and synthetic DNA duplexes has been demonstrated by using circular dichroism (CD) and absorption spectroscopy techniques. Upon addition of curcumin to calf thymus DNA, poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) solutions, an intense positive induced CD band centered around 460-470 nm was observed depending on the actual pH and Na+ ion concentration of the medium; no CD signal was obtained, however, with single stranded poly(dC). Interaction of curcumin with calf thymus DNA was observed already at pH 6.5 in contrast with poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) which induces no extrinsic Cotton effect above a pH value of 5. The protonated, Hoogsteen base-paired structure of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) is necessary for curcumin binding while the alternating AT-rich polymer formed complexes with curcumin only at certain Na+ concentrations. Evaluation of the spectral data and molecular modeling calculations suggested that curcumin, this dietary polyphenolic compound binds in the minor groove of the double helix. The mechanism of the induced CD activity, the effects of the pH and Na+ ions on the ligand binding and conformation of the double helix are discussed in detail. As well as being an essentially new phenolic minor groove binder agent curcumin is also a promising molecular probe to study biologically important, pH and cation induced conformational polymorphisms of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, H-1525, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, Hungary.
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