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Makhaeva GF, Kovaleva NV, Rudakova EV, Boltneva NP, Lushchekina SV, Astakhova TY, Timokhina EN, Serkov IV, Proshin AN, Soldatova YV, Poletaeva DA, Faingold II, Mumyatova VA, Terentiev AA, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA, Bachurin SO, Richardson RJ. Combining Experimental and Computational Methods to Produce Conjugates of Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Pharmacophores with Linker Chemistries Affecting Biological Activities Related to Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:321. [PMID: 38257233 PMCID: PMC10820264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are in great demand worldwide. In our previous work, we responded to this need by synthesizing novel drug candidates consisting of 4-amino-2,3-polymethylenequinolines conjugated with butylated hydroxytoluene via fixed-length alkylimine or alkylamine linkers (spacers) and studying their bioactivities pertaining to AD treatment. Here, we report significant extensions of these studies, including the use of variable-length spacers and more detailed biological characterizations. Conjugates were potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, the most active was 17d IC50 15.1 ± 0.2 nM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, the most active was 18d: IC50 5.96 ± 0.58 nM), with weak inhibition of off-target carboxylesterase. Conjugates with alkylamine spacers were more effective cholinesterase inhibitors than alkylimine analogs. Optimal inhibition for AChE was exhibited by cyclohexaquinoline and for BChE by cycloheptaquinoline. Increasing spacer length elevated the potency against both cholinesterases. Structure-activity relationships agreed with docking results. Mixed-type reversible AChE inhibition, dual docking to catalytic and peripheral anionic sites, and propidium iodide displacement suggested the potential of hybrids to block AChE-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Hybrids also exhibited the inhibition of Aβ self-aggregation in the thioflavin test; those with a hexaquinoline ring and C8 spacer were the most active. Conjugates demonstrated high antioxidant activity in ABTS and FRAP assays as well as the inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in mouse brain homogenates. Quantum-chemical calculations explained antioxidant results. Computed ADMET profiles indicated favorable blood-brain barrier permeability, suggesting the CNS activity potential. Thus, the conjugates could be considered promising multifunctional agents for the potential treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Kovaleva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Elena V. Rudakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Natalia P. Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Sofya V. Lushchekina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y. Astakhova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Elena N. Timokhina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Igor V. Serkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Alexey N. Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Yuliya V. Soldatova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (Y.V.S.); (D.A.P.); (I.I.F.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Darya A. Poletaeva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (Y.V.S.); (D.A.P.); (I.I.F.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Irina I. Faingold
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (Y.V.S.); (D.A.P.); (I.I.F.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Viktoriya A. Mumyatova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (Y.V.S.); (D.A.P.); (I.I.F.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Alexey A. Terentiev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (Y.V.S.); (D.A.P.); (I.I.F.); (V.A.M.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey O. Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (G.F.M.); (N.V.K.); (E.V.R.); (N.P.B.); (S.V.L.); (I.V.S.); (A.N.P.); (E.V.R.); (V.A.P.); (S.O.B.)
| | - Rudy J. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of N-isobutyl-N-((2-(p-tolyloxymethyl)thiazol-4yl)methyl)benzo[d][1,3] dioxole-5-carboxamides as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 61:128602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A review of synthetic bioactive tetrahydro-β-carbolines: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113815. [PMID: 34479038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) scaffold is widespread in many natural products (NPs) and synthetic compounds which show a variety of pharmacological activities. In this article, we reviewed the design, structures and biological characteristics of reported synthetic THβC compounds, and structure and activity relationship (SAR) of them were also discussed. This work might provide a reference for subsequent drug development based on THβC.
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Mak S, Li W, Fu H, Luo J, Cui W, Hu S, Pang Y, Carlier PR, Tsim KW, Pi R, Han Y. Promising tacrine/huperzine A-based dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders: From relieving symptoms to modifying diseases through multitarget. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1381-1393. [PMID: 33930191 PMCID: PMC8458250 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are devastating diseases in the elderly world, which are closely associated with progressive neuronal loss induced by a variety of genetic and/or environmental factors. Unfortunately, currently available treatments for neurodegenerative disorders can only relieve the symptoms but not modify the pathological processes. Over the past decades, our group by collaborating with Profs. Yuan-Ping Pang and Paul R. Carlier has developed three series of homo/hetero dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors derived from tacrine and/or huperzine A. The representative dimers bis(3)-Cognitin (B3C), bis(12)-hupyridone, and tacrine(10)-hupyridone might possess disease-modifying effects through the modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, the activation of myocyte enhancer factor 2D gene transcription, and the promotion of neurotrophic factor secretion. In this review, we summarize that the representative dimers, such as B3C, provide neuroprotection against a variety of neurotoxins via multiple targets, including the inhibitions of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor with pathological-activated potential, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and β-amyloid cascades synergistically. More importantly, B3C might offer disease-modifying potentials by activating myocyte enhancer factor 2D transcription, inducing neuritogenesis, and promoting the expressions of neurotrophic factors in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the novel dimers might offer synergistic disease-modifying effects, proving that dimerization might serve as one of the strategies to develop new generation of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinghung Mak
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jialie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanping Pang
- Mayo Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Karl Wahkeung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Gorecki L, Uliassi E, Bartolini M, Janockova J, Hrabinova M, Hepnarova V, Prchal L, Muckova L, Pejchal J, Karasova JZ, Mezeiova E, Benkova M, Kobrlova T, Soukup O, Petralla S, Monti B, Korabecny J, Bolognesi ML. Phenothiazine-Tacrine Heterodimers: Pursuing Multitarget Directed Approach in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1698-1715. [PMID: 33852284 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2002, no clinical candidate against Alzheimer's disease has reached the market; hence, an effective therapy is urgently needed. We followed the so-called "multitarget directed ligand" approach and designed 36 novel tacrine-phenothiazine heterodimers which were in vitro evaluated for their anticholinesterase properties. The assessment of the structure-activity relationships of such derivatives highlighted compound 1dC as a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 8 nM and 1aA as a potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 15 nM. Selected hybrids, namely, 1aC, 1bC, 1cC, 1dC, and 2dC, showed a significant inhibitory activity toward τ(306-336) peptide aggregation with percent inhibition ranging from 50.5 to 62.1%. Likewise, 1dC and 2dC exerted a remarkable ability to inhibit self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Notwithstanding, in vitro studies displayed cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells and cerebellar granule neurons; no pathophysiological abnormality was observed when 1dC was administered to mice at 14 mg/kg (i.p.). 1dC was also able to permeate to the CNS as shown by in vitro and in vivo models. The maximum brain concentration was close to the IC50 value for acetylcholinesterase inhibition with a relatively slow elimination half-time. 1dC showed an acceptable safety and good pharmacokinetic properties and a multifunctional biological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Z. Karasova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant health crisis, and current treatments provide only limited benefits to cognition at the cost of serious side effects. Recently, virtual screening techniques such as ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) and structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) have emerged as powerful drug discovery tools for identifying potential ligands of a biological target from a large database of chemical structures. The cholinesterases are an AD target particularly well suited for drug discovery using virtual screening due to their well-characterized active sites and comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationships of existing inhibitors. Over the last 5 years (2015-2020), at least 15 studies have used virtual screening techniques to discover potent new cholinesterase inhibitors. Herein we review how LBVS and SBVS have been applied individually or in tandem to discover novel acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for AD, and highlight the need to confirm in vitro activity of screening compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Miles
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Ross
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Pitchai A, Rajaretinam RK, Mani R, Nagarajan N. Molecular interaction of human acetylcholinesterase with trans-tephrostachin and derivatives for Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04930. [PMID: 32995619 PMCID: PMC7501440 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder affects more than 35 million people globally. Acetylcholinesterase suppression is the common approach to enhance the well-being of AD patients by increasing the duration of acetylcholine in the cholinergic synapses. Generally, herbal secondary metabolites are reported to be a major resource for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). Trans-tephrostachin was reported from Tephrosia purpurea for AChE inhibition. Here, we report on the design, synthesis, and assessment of human acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from trans-tephrostachin derivatives or analogs as anti-AD agents. The five newly synthesized compounds 4a. 4b, 4c, 4d and 4e displayed potent inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 35.0, 35.6, 10.6, 10.3, and 28.1 μM respectively. AChE enzyme kinetic study was performed for the five derived compounds using the Ellman's method. The Lineweaver-Burk and the secondary plots revealed the mixed inhibition for 4a, 4c and 4d whereas 4b and 4e demonstrated competitive inhibition. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed the derivatives or analogs of trans-tephrostachin attained a high binding affinity and efficacy than the standard drug. In conclusion, trans-tephrostachin and its derivative compounds could become effective agents for further drug development to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pitchai
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Kannan Rajaretinam
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekar Mani
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagasundaram Nagarajan
- School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637332, Singapore
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Hu S, Xian Y, Fan Y, Mak S, Wang J, Tang J, Pang Y, Pi R, Tsim KW, Liu F, Lin Z, Han Y. Significant combination of Aβ aggregation inhibitory and neuroprotective properties in silico, in vitro and in vivo by bis(propyl)-cognitin, a multifunctional anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Rahman MM, Mathew B, Shah MA, Ashraf GM. TV 3326 for Alzheimer's dementia: a novel multimodal ChE and MAO inhibitors to mitigate Alzheimer's-like neuropathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:1001-1012. [PMID: 32149402 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders and a well-recognized cause of dementia with ageing. In this review, we have represented the ChE and MAO inhibitory potential of TV 3326 against AD based on current scientific evidence. KEY FINDINGS The aetiology of AD is quite complex and not completely understood. However, it has been observed that AD involves the deposition of abnormal amyloid beta (Aβ), along with hyperphosphorylation of tau, oxidative stress, low acetylcholine (ACh) level and biometal dyshomeostasis. Due to the complex nature of AD aetiology, active research is required in the areas of development of multitarget drugs with 2 or more complementary biological functions, as they might represent significant progress in the AD treatment. Interestingly, it has been found that TV 3326 (i.e. ladostigil) is regarded as a novel therapeutic agent since it has the potential to cause inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the brain. Furthermore, it has the capacity to reverse memory impairments, which further suggests the ability of this drug to elevate cholinergic activity in the brain. SUMMARY TV 3326 can avert oxidative-nitrative stress and gliosis. It has also been confirmed that TV 3326 contains neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, this distinctive combined inhibition of ChE and MAO along with its neuroprotective property makes TV 3326 a useful drug in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Motiar Rahman
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ewies EF, El‐Hag FA. Synthesis, reactions, and antimicrobial evaluations of new benzo[e][1,3]thiazine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewies F. Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry DepartmentNational Research Centre Dokki, P.O 12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Fatma A.A. El‐Hag
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial ProductsNational Research Centre Dokki, P.O 12622 Giza Egypt
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11
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El-Malah A, Abouelatta AI, Mahmoud Z, Salem HH. New cyclooctathienopyridine derivatives in the aim of discovering better Anti-Alzheimer's agents. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Ke Z, Hu S, Cui W, Sun J, Zhang S, Mak S, Wang J, Tang J, Pang Y, Han Y, Tong K. Bis(propyl)-cognitin potentiates rehabilitation of treadmill exercise after a transient focal cerebral ischemia, possibly via inhibiting NMDA receptor and regulating VEGF expression. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Exploring Structure-Activity Relationship in Tacrine-Squaramide Derivatives as Potent Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080379. [PMID: 31430943 PMCID: PMC6723352 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tacrine was the first drug to be approved for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment, acting as a cholinesterase inhibitor. The neuropathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid-rich senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal degeneration. The portfolio of currently approved drugs for AD includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Squaric acid is a versatile structural scaffold capable to be easily transformed into amide-bearing compounds that feature both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups with the possibility to create multiple interactions with complementary sites. Considering the relatively simple synthesis approach and other interesting properties (rigidity, aromatic character, H-bond formation) of squaramide motif, we combined this scaffold with different tacrine-based derivatives. In this study, we developed 21 novel dimers amalgamating squaric acid with either tacrine, 6-chlorotacrine or 7-methoxytacrine representing various AChEIs. All new derivatives were evaluated for their anti-cholinesterase activities, cytotoxicity using HepG2 cell line and screened to predict their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this contribution, we also report in silico studies of the most potent AChE and BChE inhibitors in the active site of these enzymes.
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14
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Zhou S, Yuan Y, Zheng F, Zhan CG. Structure-based virtual screening leading to discovery of highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with solanaceous alkaloid scaffolds. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:372-376. [PMID: 31152736 PMCID: PMC6613991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to recent research advance, it is interesting to identify new, potent and selective inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) for therapeutic treatment of both the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and heroin abuse. In this study, we carried out a structure-based virtual screening followed by in vitro activity assays, with the goal to identify new inhibitors that are selective for BChE over acetylcholinesterase (AChE). As a result, a set of new, selective inhibitors of human BChE were identified from natural products with solanaceous alkaloid scaffolds. The most active one of the natural products (compound 1) identified has an IC50 of 16.8 nM against BChE. It has been demonstrated that the desirable selectivity of these inhibitors for BChE over AChE is mainly controlled by three key residues in the active site cavity, i.e. residues Q119, A277, and A328 in BChE versus the respective residues Y124, W286, and Y337 in AChE. Based on this structural insight, future rational design of new, potent and selective BChE inhibitors may focus on these key structural differences in the active site cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhou
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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15
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Saxena M, Dubey R. Target Enzyme in Alzheimer’s Disease: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:264-275. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190128125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), affecting a large population worldwide is characterized by the
loss of memory and learning ability in the old population. The enzyme Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme
(AChE) is the key enzyme in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and is also the target
of most of the clinically used drugs for the treatment of AD but these drugs provide only symptomatic
treatment and have the limitation of loss of therapeutic efficacy with time. The development of different
strategies targeting the AChE enzyme along with other targets like Butyl Cholinesterase (BChE),
amyloid-β (Aβ), β-secretase-1 (BACE), metals antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity
has been focused in recent years. Literature search was conducted for the molecules and their
rational design which have shown inhibition for AChE and the other abovementioned targets. Several
hybrid molecules incorporating the main sub-structures derived from diverse chemotypes like acridine,
quinoline, carbamates, and other heterocyclic analogs have shown desired pharmacological activity
with a good profile in a single molecule. It is followed by optimization of the activity through structural
modifications guided by structure-activity relationship studies. It has led to the discovery of novel
molecules 17b, 20, and 23 with desired AChE inhibition along with desirable activity against other
abovementioned targets for further pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Saxena
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow-226010, India
| | - Ragini Dubey
- Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow-226010, India
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16
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Agnew HD, Coppock MB, Idso MN, Lai BT, Liang J, McCarthy-Torrens AM, Warren CM, Heath JR. Protein-Catalyzed Capture Agents. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9950-9970. [PMID: 30838853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-catalyzed capture agents (PCCs) are synthetic and modular peptide-based affinity agents that are developed through the use of single-generation in situ click chemistry screens against large peptide libraries. In such screens, the target protein, or a synthetic epitope fragment of that protein, provides a template for selectively promoting the noncopper catalyzed azide-alkyne dipolar cycloaddition click reaction between either a library peptide and a known ligand or a library peptide and the synthetic epitope. The development of epitope-targeted PCCs was motivated by the desire to fully generalize pioneering work from the Sharpless and Finn groups in which in situ click screens were used to develop potent, divalent enzymatic inhibitors. In fact, a large degree of generality has now been achieved. Various PCCs have demonstrated utility for selective protein detection, as allosteric or direct inhibitors, as modulators of protein folding, and as tools for in vivo tumor imaging. We provide a historical context for PCCs and place them within the broader scope of biological and synthetic aptamers. The development of PCCs is presented as (i) Generation I PCCs, which are branched ligands engineered through an iterative, nonepitope-targeted process, and (ii) Generation II PCCs, which are typically developed from macrocyclic peptide libraries and are precisely epitope-targeted. We provide statistical comparisons of Generation II PCCs relative to monoclonal antibodies in which the protein target is the same. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future opportunities of PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Agnew
- Indi Molecular, Inc. , 6162 Bristol Parkway , Culver City , California 90230 , United States
| | - Matthew B Coppock
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - Matthew N Idso
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
| | - Bert T Lai
- Indi Molecular, Inc. , 6162 Bristol Parkway , Culver City , California 90230 , United States
| | - JingXin Liang
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
| | - Amy M McCarthy-Torrens
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
| | - Carmen M Warren
- Indi Molecular, Inc. , 6162 Bristol Parkway , Culver City , California 90230 , United States
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
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17
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Mishra P, Kumar A, Panda G. Anti-cholinesterase hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer’s disease (1998–2018). Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:895-930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Ahmadi A, Roghani M, Noori S, Nahri-Niknafs B. Substituted Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives of Tacrine: Synthesis and Study on Learning and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Model of Amnesia in Rat. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:72-78. [PMID: 30009706 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180716122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no conclusive cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and existing treatments mainly offer symptomatic relief. Dysfunction of the cholinergic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Tacrine (1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine, III) was the first approved agent for the palliative therapy of AD but its use is associated with some complications. Development of novel multi target derivatives of Tacrine with lower complications is strongly warranted. In this study, new aminobenzothiazole (1-5, with many useful biological and pharmacological properties) analogues (IV-VIII) were synthesized by changing of amine moiety of III. Then, the effects of these new compounds on learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-induced model of amnesia were studied and the outcomes were compared with control and Tacrine groups in rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rats received Tacrine or its derivatives (IV-VIII) i.p. for two weeks at a dose of 10 mg/kg. For induction of amnesia, scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg was daily administered i.p. started on day-8 till the end of the study. Behavioral experiments including Y-maze, novel object recognition (discrimination) and passive avoidance paradigms were conducted at week 2. RESULTS Data analysis showed that some Tacrine derivatives, especially VII with 2-amino, 6-nitrobenzothiazole moiety, could markedly and significantly improve alternation score, discrimination ratio and step through latency compared to control and Tacrine groups. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that some of these derivatives (especially compounds VI and VII) are capable to mitigate learning and memory deficits in scopolamine-induced model of amnesia in rats and may have potential benefit in management of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Noori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Babak Nahri-Niknafs
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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19
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Designing Hybrids Targeting the Cholinergic System by Modulating the Muscarinic and Nicotinic Receptors: A Concept to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123230. [PMID: 30544533 PMCID: PMC6320942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic hypothesis has been reported first being the cause of memory dysfunction in the Alzheimer's disease. Researchers around the globe have focused their attention on understanding the mechanisms of how this complicated system contributes to processes such as learning, memory, disorientation, linguistic problems, and behavioral issues in the indicated chronic neurodegenerative disease. The present review reports recent updates in hybrid molecule design as a strategy for selectively addressing multiple target proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the study of their therapeutic relevance. The rationale and the design of the bifunctional compounds will be discussed in order to understand their potential as tools to investigate the role of the cholinergic system in AD.
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20
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Tanoli ST, Ramzan M, Hassan A, Sadiq A, Jan MS, Khan FA, Ullah F, Ahmad H, Bibi M, Mahmood T, Rashid U. Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of tricyclic fused ring system as dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:336-347. [PMID: 30399465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to recently discovered non-classical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) function, dual binding-site AChE inhibitors have acquired a paramount attention of drug designing researchers. The unique structural arrangements of AChE peripheral anionic site (PAS) and catalytic site (CAS) joined by a narrow gorge, prompted us to design the inhibitors that can interact with dual binding sites of AChE. Eighteen homo- and heterodimers of desloratadine and carbazole (already available tricyclic building blocks) were synthesized and tested for their inhibition potential against electric eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) and equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (eqBChE). We identified a six-carbon tether heterodimer of desloratadine and indanedione based tricyclic dihydropyrimidine (4c) as potent and selective inhibitor of eeAChE with IC50 value of 0.09 ± 0.003 μM and 1.04 ± 0.08 μM (for eqBChE) with selectivity index of 11.1. Binding pose analysis of potent inhibitors suggest that tricyclic ring is well accommodated into the AChE active site through hydrophobic interactions with Trp84 and Trp279. The indanone ring of most active heterodimer 4b is stabilized into the bottom of the gorge and forms hydrogen bonding interactions with the important catalytic triad residue Ser200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tahir Tanoli
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000 Dir (L), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000 Dir (L), Pakistan
| | - Farhan A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000 Dir (L), Pakistan
| | - Haseen Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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21
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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Kettle C, Morton DW. A molecular approach in drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:553-565. [PMID: 29990843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in dementia numbers and global trends in population aging across the world prompts the need for new medications to treat the complex biological dysfunctions, such as neurodegeneration associated with dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Cholinergic signaling, which is important in cognition, is slowly lost in AD, so the first line therapy is to treat symptoms with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to increase levels of acetylcholine. Out of five available FDA-approved AD medications, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine are cholinesterase inhibitors while memantine, a N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, blocks the effects of high glutamate levels. The fifth medication consists of a combination of donepezil and memantine. Although these medications can reduce and temporarily slow down the symptoms of AD, they cannot stop the damage to the brain from progressing. For a superior therapeutic effect, multi-target drugs are required. Thus, a Multi-Target-Directed Ligand (MTDL) strategy has received more attention by scientists who are attempting to develop hybrid molecules that simultaneously modulate multiple biological targets. This review highlights recent examples of the MTDL approach and fragment based strategy in the rational design of new potential AD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd., Bendigo, 3550, Australia.
| | - Christine Kettle
- School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd., Bendigo, 3550, Australia
| | - David W Morton
- School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd., Bendigo, 3550, Australia
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22
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Zhao Y, Ye F, Xu J, Liao Q, Chen L, Zhang W, Sun H, Liu W, Feng F, Qu W. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel bivalent β-carboline derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3812-3824. [PMID: 29960728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To develop potent multi-target ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD), a series of novel bivalent β-carboline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. In vitro studies revealed these compounds exhibited good multifunctional activities. In particular, compounds 8f and 8g showed the good selectivity potency on BuChE inhibition (IC50 = 1.7 and 2.7 μM, respectively), Aβ1-42 disaggregation and neuroprotection. Compared with the positive control resveratrol, 8f and 8g showed better activity in inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation, with inhibitory rate 82.7% and 85.7% at 25 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 8e, 8f and 8g displayed excellent neuroprotective activity by ameliorating the impairment induced by H2O2, okadaic acid (OA) and Aβ1-42 without cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Thus, the present study evidently showed that compounds 8f and 8g are potent multi-functional agents against AD and might serve as promising lead candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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23
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Cen J, Guo H, Hong C, Lv J, Yang Y, Wang T, Fang D, Luo W, Wang C. Development of tacrine-bifendate conjugates with improved cholinesterase inhibitory and pro-cognitive efficacy and reduced hepatotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Reddy EK, Remya C, Mantosh K, Sajith AM, Omkumar R, Sadasivan C, Anwar S. Novel tacrine derivatives exhibiting improved acetylcholinesterase inhibition: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:367-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Schmidt I, Göllner S, Fuß A, Stich A, Kucharski A, Schirmeister T, Katzowitsch E, Bruhn H, Miliu A, Krauth-Siegel RL, Holzgrabe U. Bistacrines as potential antitrypanosomal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4526-4531. [PMID: 28698054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by two subspecies of the genus Trypanosoma, namely Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The disease is fatal if left untreated and therapy is limited due to only five non-adequate drugs currently available. In preliminary studies, dimeric tacrine derivatives were found to inhibit parasite growth with IC50-values in the nanomolar concentration range. This prompted the synthesis of a small, but smart library of monomeric and dimeric tacrine-type compounds and their evaluation of antiprotozoal activity. Rhodesain, a lysosomal cathepsin-L like cysteine protease of T. brucei rhodesiense is essential for parasite survival and likely target of the tacrine derivatives. In addition, the inhibition of trypanothione reductase by bistacrines was found. This flavoprotein oxidoreductase is the main defense against oxidative stress in the thiol redox system unique for protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Schmidt
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Göllner
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Fuß
- Medical Mission Institute, Hermann-Schell-Strasse 7, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - August Stich
- Medical Mission Institute, Hermann-Schell-Strasse 7, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kucharski
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Katzowitsch
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Bruhn
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Miliu
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Luise Krauth-Siegel
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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26
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Pisani L, Catto M, De Palma A, Farina R, Cellamare S, Altomare CD. Discovery of Potent Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors via Homo- and Heterodimerization of Coumarin-Based Moieties. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1349-1358. [PMID: 28570763 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors still comprise the majority of the marketed drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The structural arrangement of the enzyme, which features a narrow gorge that separates the catalytic and peripheral anionic subsites (CAS and PAS, respectively), inspired the development of bivalent ligands that are able to bind and block the catalytic activity of the CAS as well as the role of the PAS in beta amyloid (Aβ) fibrillogenesis. With the aim of discovering novel AChE dual binders with improved drug-likeness, homo- and heterodimers containing 2H-chromen-2-one building blocks were developed. By exploring diverse linkages of neutral and protonatable amino moieties through aliphatic spacers of different length, a nanomolar bivalent AChE inhibitor was identified (3-[2-({4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl}oxy)ethoxy]-6,7-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-2-one (6 d), IC50 =59 nm) from originally weakly active fragments. To assess the potential against AD, the disease-related biological properties of 6 d were investigated. It performed mixed-type AChE enzyme kinetics (inhibition constant Ki =68 nm) and inhibited Aβ self-aggregation. Moreover, it displayed an outstanding ability to protect SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ1-42 damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pisani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Palma
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Farina
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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27
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Messerer R, Dallanoce C, Matera C, Wehle S, Flammini L, Chirinda B, Bock A, Irmen M, Tränkle C, Barocelli E, Decker M, Sotriffer C, De Amici M, Holzgrabe U. Novel bipharmacophoric inhibitors of the cholinesterases with affinity to the muscarinic receptors M 1 and M 2. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1346-1359. [PMID: 30108847 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A set of hybrid compounds composed of the fragment of allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptor, i.e. W84 and naphmethonium, and the well-known AChE inhibitor tacrine on the one hand, and the skeletons of the orthosteric muscarinic agonists, iperoxo and isox, on the other hand, were synthesized. The two molecular moieties were connected via a polymethylene linker of varying length. These bipharmacophoric compounds were investigated for inhibition of AChE (from electric eel) and BChE (from equine serum) as well as human ChEs in vitro and compared to previously synthesized dimeric inhibitors. Among the studied hybrids, compound 10-C10, characterized by a 10 carbon alkylene linker connecting tacrine and iperoxo, proved to be the most potent inhibitor with the highest pIC50 values of 9.81 (AChE from electric eel) and 8.75 (BChE from equine serum). Docking experiments with compounds 10-C10, 7b-C10, and 7a-C10 helped to interpret the experimental inhibitory power against AChE, which is affected by the nature of the allosteric molecular moiety, with the tacrine-containing hybrid being much more active than the naphthalimido- and phthalimido-containing analogs. Furthermore, the most active AChE inhibitors were found to have affinity to M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors. Since 10-C10 showed almost no cytotoxicity, it emerged as a promising lead structure for the development of an anti-Alzheimer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Messerer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi" , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi" , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Sarah Wehle
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Brian Chirinda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology , Institute of Pharmacy , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Würzburg , Versbacher Strasse 9 , 97078 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Irmen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology , Institute of Pharmacy , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Pharmacology and Toxicology , Institute of Pharmacy , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 3 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
| | - Marco De Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi" , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 931 31 85460
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28
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Ismaili L, Refouvelet B, Benchekroun M, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Gemma S, Campiani G, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Esteban G, Unzeta M, Nikolic K, Butini S, Marco-Contelles J. Multitarget compounds bearing tacrine- and donepezil-like structural and functional motifs for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 151:4-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Li Q, Yang H, Chen Y, Sun H. Recent progress in the identification of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:294-309. [PMID: 28371641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders with notable factor of dysfunction in cholinergic system. Low ACh level can be observed in the pathogenesis of AD. Several AChE inhibitors have already been used for clinical treatments. However, other than normal conditions, ACh is mostly hydrolyzed by BuChE in progressed AD. Account for an increased level of BuChE and decreased level of AChE in the late stage of AD, development of selective BuChE inhibitor is of vital importance. Up till now, compounds with various scaffolds have been discovered to selectively inhibit BuChE. Different effective anti-BuChE molecules are concluded in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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30
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Wen RJ, Huang D, Zhang Y, Liu YW. Bis(3)-tacrine inhibits the sustained potassium current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Physiol Res 2017; 66:539-544. [PMID: 28248535 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis(3)-tacrine is a dimeric AChE inhibitor derived from tacrine with a potential to treat Alzheimer's disease. It was recently been reported to act as a fast off-rate antagonist of NMDA receptors with moderate affinity. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether bis(3)-tacrine could modulate the function of native sustained potassium current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We found that bis(3)-tacrine inhibited the amplitude of sustained potassium current in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner, with a potency two orders of magnitude higher than that of tacrine. The inhibition was voltage-independent between 0 to +60 mV. The IC(50) values for bis(3)-tacrine and tacrine inhibition of sustained potassium current were 0.45+/-0.07 and 50.5+/-4.8 microM, respectively. I-V curves showed a more potent inhibition of sustained potassium current by bis(3)-tacrine (1 microM) compared to tacrine at the same concentration. Bis(3)-tacrine hyperpolarized the activation curve of the current by 11.2 mV, albeit leaving the steady-state inactivation of the current unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-J Wen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Chen Y, Lin H, Zhu J, Gu K, Li Q, He S, Lu X, Tan R, Pei Y, Wu L, Bian Y, Sun H. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of tacrine–cinnamic acid hybrids as multi-target acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of tacrine–cinnamic acid hybrids are synthesized as multi-target cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease.
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32
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Benchekroun M, Romero A, Egea J, León R, Michalska P, Buendía I, Jimeno ML, Jun D, Janockova J, Sepsova V, Soukup O, Bautista-Aguilera OM, Refouvelet B, Ouari O, Marco-Contelles J, Ismaili L. The Antioxidant Additive Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: New Ferulic (Lipoic) Acid Plus Melatonin Modified Tacrines as Cholinesterases Inhibitors, Direct Antioxidants, and Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Activators. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9967-9973. [PMID: 27736061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel multifunctional tacrines for Alzheimer's disease were obtained by Ugi-reaction between ferulic (or lipoic acid), a melatonin-like isocyanide, formaldehyde, and tacrine derivatives, according to the antioxidant additive approach in order to modulate the oxidative stress as therapeutic strategy. Compound 5c has been identified as a promising permeable agent showing excellent antioxidant properties, strong cholinesterase inhibitory activity, less hepatotoxicity than tacrine, and the best neuroprotective capacity, being able to significantly activate the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Benchekroun
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, UFR SMP, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 19 rue Ambroise Paré, CS 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa , C/Diego de León 62, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa , C/Diego de León 62, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa , C/Diego de León 62, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendía
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa , C/Diego de León 62, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Jimeno
- Centro Química Orgánica "Lora-Tamayo" (CENQUIOR), CSIC , C/Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , CZ-500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Sepsova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence , CZ-500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Oscar M Bautista-Aguilera
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, UFR SMP, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 19 rue Ambroise Paré, CS 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, UFR SMP, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 19 rue Ambroise Paré, CS 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- ICR UMR 7273, Aix Marseille University, CNRS , 13013 Marseille, France
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC , C/Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, UFR SMP, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 19 rue Ambroise Paré, CS 25000 Besançon, France
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33
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Zheng CY, Guo BJ, Cai W, Cui W, Mak SH, Wang YQ, Lee SMY, Han YF, Zhang ZJ. No synergism between bis(propyl)-cognitin and rasagiline on protecting dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease mice. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1339-46. [PMID: 27651784 PMCID: PMC5020835 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.189201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, and bis(propyl)-cognitin (B3C), a novel dimer are reported to be neuroprotective. Herein, the synergistical neuroprotection produced by rasagiline and B3C was investigated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice of Parkinsonism. By using neurobehavioural tests, high-performance liquid chromatography and western blot assay, we showed that B3C at 0.3 mg/kg, rasagiline at 0.02 mg/kg, as well as co-treatment with B3C and rasagiline prevented MPTP-induced behavioural abnormities, increased the concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum, and up-regulated the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra. However, the neuroprotective effects of co-treatment were not significantly improved when compared with those of B3C or rasagiline alone. Collectively, we have demonstrated that B3C at 0.3 mg/kg and rasagline at 0.02 mg/kg could not produce synergistic neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-You Zheng
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Jian Guo
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shing-Hung Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research of Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zai-Jun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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34
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Maraković N, Knežević A, Vinković V, Kovarik Z, Šinko G. Design and synthesis of N-substituted-2-hydroxyiminoacetamides and interactions with cholinesterases. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:122-132. [PMID: 27238725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Within this study, we designed and synthesized four new oxime compounds of the N-substituted 2-hydroxyiminoacetamide structure and evaluated their interactions with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Our aim was to explore the possibility of extending the dual-binding mode of interaction between the enzyme and the inhibitor to a so-called triple-binding mode of interaction through the introduction of an additional binding moiety. N-substituted 2-hydroxyiminoacetamide 1 was prepared via BOP catalyzed amidation of hydroxyiminoacetic acid with 3-azido-1-phenylpropylamine. An azide group enabled us to prepare more elaborate structures 2-4 by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The new compounds 1-4 differed in their presumed AChE peripheral site binding moiety, which ranged from an azide group to functionalized heterocycles. Molecular docking studies revealed that all three binding moieties are involved in the non-covalent interactions with ChEs for all of the four compounds, albeit not always in the complete accordance with the proposed hypothesis. All of the four compounds reversibly inhibited the ChEs with their inhibition potency increasing in the same order for both enzymes (1 < 2 < 4 < 3). A higher preference for binding to BChE (KI from 0.30 μmol/L to 130 μmol/L) over AChE (KI from 50 μmol/L to 1200 μmol/L) was observed for all of the compounds. Compounds were screened for reactivation of cyclosarin-, sarin- and VX-inhibited AChE and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Maraković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vladimir Vinković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šinko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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35
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Hu S, Cui W, Mak S, Xu D, Hu Y, Tang J, Choi C, Lee M, Pang Y, Han Y. Substantial Neuroprotective and Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Activities by Bis(propyl)-cognitin via the Activation of Alpha7-nAChR, a Promising Anti-Alzheimer's Dimer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1536-45. [PMID: 26147504 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be ascribed to the progressive loss of functional neurons in the brain, and hence, agents with neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities that allow for the replacement of lost neurons may have significant therapeutic value. In the current study, the neuroprotective and the neurite outgrowth-promoting activities and molecular mechanisms of bis(propyl)-cognitin (B3C), a multifunctional anti-AD dimer, were investigated. Briefly, B3C (24 h pretreatment) fully protected against glutamate-induced neuronal death in primary cerebellar granule neurons with an IC50 value of 0.08 μM. The neuroprotection of B3C could be abrogated by methyllycaconitine, a specific antagonist of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR). In addition, B3C significantly promoted neurite outgrowth in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons, as evidenced by the increase in the percentage of cells with extended neurites as well as the up-regulation of neuronal markers growth-associated protein-43 and β-III-tubulin. Furthermore, B3C rapidly upregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a critical signaling molecule in neurite outgrowth that is downstream of the α7-nAChR signal pathway. Specific inhibitors of ERK and α7-nAChR, but not those of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, blocked the neurite outgrowth as well as ERK activation in PC12 cells induced by B3C. Most importantly, genetic depletion of α7-nAChR significantly abolished B3C-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that B3C provided neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities through the activation of α7-nAChR, which offers a novel molecular insight into the potential application of B3C in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Hu
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shinghung Mak
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daping Xu
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Mayo
Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Chunglit Choi
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingyuen Lee
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuanping Pang
- Mayo
Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Yifan Han
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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36
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Otto R, Penzis R, Gaube F, Adolph O, Föhr KJ, Warncke P, Robaa D, Appenroth D, Fleck C, Enzensperger C, Lehmann J, Winckler T. Evaluation of Homobivalent Carbolines as Designed Multiple Ligands for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6710-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Otto
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Penzis
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gaube
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Adolph
- Department
of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl J. Föhr
- Department
of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Warncke
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Dorothea Appenroth
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Jena, Drackendorfer
Strasse 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Fleck
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Jena, Drackendorfer
Strasse 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Enzensperger
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Univerity of Jena, Humboldtstrasse
10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Lehmann
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Winckler
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Farat OK, Markov VI, Varenichenko SA, Dotsenko VV, Mazepa AV. The Vilsmeier–Haack formylation of 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones and isomeric 1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones: an effective approach to functionalized 2H-/4H-chromenes and tetrahydroacridines. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Jiang L, Huang M, Xu S, Wang Y, An P, Feng C, Chen X, Wei X, Han Y, Wang Q. Bis(propyl)-cognitin Prevents β-amyloid-induced Memory Deficits as Well as Synaptic Formation and Plasticity Impairments via the Activation of PI3-K Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3832-3841. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Guo Y, Wang Z, Huang L, Li X. Dual functional cholinesterase and MAO inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: synthesis, pharmacological analysis and molecular modeling of homoisoflavonoid derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:389-97. [PMID: 25798687 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1024675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) strategy is expected to provide superior effects for the treatment of AD, instead of the classic one-drug-one-target strategy. In this context, we focused on the design, synthesis and evaluation of homoisoflavonoid derivatives as dual acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) inhibitors. Among all the synthesized compounds, compound 10 provided a desired balance of AChE and hMAO-B inhibition activities, with IC50 value of 3.94 and 3.44 μM, respectively. Further studies revealed that compound 10 was a mixed-type inhibitor of AChE and an irreversible inhibitor of hMAO-B, which was also confirmed by molecular modeling studies. Taken together, the data indicated that 10 was a promising dual functional agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yang Sun
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yueyan Guo
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zechen Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ling Huang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xingshu Li
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Digiacomo M, Chen Z, Wang S, Lapucci A, Macchia M, Yang X, Chu J, Han Y, Pi R, Rapposelli S. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of multifunctional tacrine derivatives against several disease pathways of AD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:807-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Fang J, Wu P, Yang R, Gao L, Li C, Wang D, Wu S, Liu AL, Du GH. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by two genistein derivatives: kinetic analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:430-7. [PMID: 26579414 PMCID: PMC4629110 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study two genistein derivatives (G1 and G2) are reported as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and differences in the inhibition of AChE are described. Although they differ in structure by a single methyl group, the inhibitory effect of G1 (IC50=264 nmol/L) on AChE was 80 times stronger than that of G2 (IC50=21,210 nmol/L). Enzyme-kinetic analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to better understand the molecular basis for this difference. The results obtained by kinetic analysis demonstrated that G1 can interact with both the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE. The predicted binding free energies of two complexes calculated by the molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) method were consistent with the experimental data. The analysis of the individual energy terms suggested that a difference between the net electrostatic contributions (ΔEele+ΔGGB) was responsible for the binding affinities of these two inhibitors. Additionally, analysis of the molecular mechanics and MM/GBSA free energy decomposition revealed that the difference between G1 and G2 originated from interactions with Tyr124, Glu292, Val294 and Phe338 of AChE. In conclusion, the results reveal significant differences at the molecular level in the mechanism of inhibition of AChE by these structurally related compounds.
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Key Words
- ACh, acetylcholine
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase
- AChEIs, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- AD, Alzheimer׳s disease
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
- BuChE, butyrylcholinesterase
- BuSCh, S-butyrylthiocholine chloride
- CAS, catalytic active site
- DTNB, 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- G1, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
- G2, (S)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(2-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
- GAFF, generalized AMBER force field
- Genistein derivatives
- Kinetics analysis
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MM/GBSA
- MM/GBSA, molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area
- Molecular docking
- Molecular dynamics simulation
- PAS, peripheral anionic site
- PDB, protein data bank
- PME, particle mesh Ewald
- RMSD, root-mean-square deviation
- S-ACh, acetylthiocholine iodide
- SASA, solvent accessible surface area
- iso-OMPA, tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide
- ΔEMM, gas-phase interaction energy between receptor and ligand
- ΔEele, electrostatic energy contribution
- ΔEvdw, van der Waals energy contribution
- ΔGGB, polar desolvation energy term
- ΔGSA, nonpolar desolvation energy term
- ΔGexp, experimental binding free energy
- ΔGpred, total binding free energy
- ΔS, conformational entropy contribution
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QSAR analysis on tacrine-related acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:84. [PMID: 25239202 PMCID: PMC4177578 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of the clinical effects of Tacrine has shown efficacy in delaying the deterioration of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, while confirming the adverse events consisting mainly in the elevated liver transaminase levels. The study of tacrine analogs presents a continuous interest, and for this reason we establish Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships on their Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Results Ten groups of new developed Tacrine-related inhibitors are explored, which have been experimentally measured in different biochemical conditions and AChE sources. The number of included descriptors in the structure-activity relationship is characterized by ‘Rule of Thumb’. The 1502 applied molecular descriptors could provide the best linear models for the selected Alzheimer’s data base and the best QSAR model is reported for the considered data sets. Conclusion The QSAR models developed in this work have a satisfactory predictive ability, and are obtained by selecting the most representative molecular descriptors of the chemical structure, represented through more than a thousand of constitutional, topological, geometrical, quantum-mechanical and electronic descriptor types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0084-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Di Pietro O, Pérez-Areales FJ, Juárez-Jiménez J, Espargaró A, Clos MV, Pérez B, Lavilla R, Sabaté R, Luque FJ, Muñoz-Torrero D. Tetrahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine-6-chlorotacrine hybrids as a new family of anti-Alzheimer agents targeting β-amyloid, tau, and cholinesterase pathologies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Sousa J, Brown RCD, Baati R. Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Approach for the Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Pudlo M, Luzet V, Ismaïli L, Tomassoli I, Iutzeler A, Refouvelet B. Quinolone–benzylpiperidine derivatives as novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and antioxidant hybrids for Alzheimer Disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2496-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Design and synthesis of tacrine-phenothiazine hybrids as multitarget drugs for Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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El-Malah A, Gedawy EM, Kassab AE, Salam RMA. Novel tacrine analogs as potential cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 347:96-103. [PMID: 24343873 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The increase in ACh levels ameliorates the symptoms of the disease. Tacrine is the first clinically approved drug as AChEI used in the treatment of AD. In this paper, we synthesized new tacrine analogs to act on catalytic and peripheral sites of AChE. Their inhibitory activity was evaluated. All novel compounds except 7a showed promising results toward AChE. Two compounds, 10b and 11b, are more potent than tacrine. Furthermore, molecular-modeling studies were performed for these two compounds to rationalize the obtained pharmacological activity. Moreover, various drug-likeness properties of the new compounds were predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Malah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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48
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Antiapicoplast and gametocytocidal screening to identify the mechanisms of action of compounds within the malaria box. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:811-9. [PMID: 24247137 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01500-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a significant infectious disease that causes millions of clinical cases and >800,000 deaths per year. The Malaria Box is a collection of 400 commercially available chemical entities that have antimalarial activity. The collection contains 200 drug-like compounds, based on their oral absorption and the presence of known toxicophores, and 200 probe-like compounds, which are intended to represent a broad structural diversity. These compounds have confirmed activities against the asexual intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and low cytotoxicities, but their mechanisms of action and their activities in other stages of the parasite's life cycle remain to be determined. The apicoplast is considered to be a promising source of malaria-specific targets, and its main function during intraerythrocytic stages is to provide the isoprenoid precursor isopentenyl diphosphate, which can be used for phenotype-based screens to identify compounds targeting this organelle. We screened 400 compounds from the Malaria Box using apicoplast-targeting phenotypic assays to identify their potential mechanisms of action. We identified one compound that specifically targeted the apicoplast. Further analyses indicated that the molecular target of this compound may differ from those of the current antiapicoplast drugs, such as fosmidomycin. Moreover, in our efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of action of compounds from the Malaria Box, we evaluated their activities against other stages of the life cycle of the parasite. Gametocytes are the transmission stage of the malaria parasite and are recognized as a priority target in efforts to eradicate malaria. We identified 12 compounds that were active against gametocytes with 50% inhibitory concentration values of <1 μM.
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49
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Chen Y, Sun J, Peng S, Liao H, Zhang Y, Lehmann J. Tacrine-Flurbiprofen Hybrids as Multifunctional Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:865-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Neurobiology Lab; New Drug Screening Center; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hong Liao
- Neurobiology Lab; New Drug Screening Center; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jochen Lehmann
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische/Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Jena Germany
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50
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Andersson CD, Forsgren N, Akfur C, Allgardsson A, Berg L, Engdahl C, Qian W, Ekström F, Linusson A. Divergent Structure–Activity Relationships of Structurally Similar Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7615-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400990p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Forsgren
- Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, SE-906 21 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christine Akfur
- Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, SE-906 21 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Allgardsson
- Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, SE-906 21 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lotta Berg
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, SE-906 21 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Weixing Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratories
for Chemical Biology Umeå (LCBU), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ekström
- Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defense and Security, SE-906 21 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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