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Wan Y, Devereux R, George SE, Chen J, Gao B, Noerpel M, Scheckel K. Interactive effects of biochar amendment and lead toxicity on soil microbial community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127921. [PMID: 34986562 PMCID: PMC9815664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the interactive effects of biochar and lead toxicity on the soil microbial community in a phytoextraction experiment. Arranged with a completely randomized design in a greenhouse, banana liners were planted singly in a sandy soil spiked with Pb(NO3)2 at 0, 400 and 1200 mg kg-1 and amended with bamboo biochar (pyrolyzing at 600 °C) at 0, 1, 3%. Soil samples were taken from triplicated pots five months after planting and measured for (i) content of lead and organic carbon; (ii) lead speciation; and (iii) microbial community composition through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. DNA sequencing results showed that lead and biochar treatments had significant individual and interactive effects on soil microbial dissimilarities from taxonomic levels of phyla to genera. While some specific taxa were lead resistant, biochar addition apparently alleviated lead toxicity and increased their richness (e.g., Alkanibacter, Muciaginibacter, Burkholderiaceae, and Beggiatoaceae). Soil analysis data indicated that biochar not only helped retain more lead in the soil matrix but created a soil environment inducive for transformation of lead into highly insoluble pyromorphite. This study highlights the effectiveness of biochar for lead remediation and the sensitivity of soil microorganisms in sensing changes in soil environment and lead bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshan Wan
- US EPA Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
| | - Richard Devereux
- US EPA Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - S Elizabeth George
- US EPA Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew Noerpel
- US EPA Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
| | - Kirk Scheckel
- US EPA Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
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Yan C, Wang F, Liu H, Liu H, Pu S, Lin F, Geng H, Ma S, Zhang Y, Tian Z, Chen H, Zhou B, Yuan R. Deciphering the toxic effects of metals in gold mining area: Microbial community tolerance mechanism and change of antibiotic resistance genes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109869. [PMID: 32678731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mine tailing dumps represent significant threats to ecological environments due to the presence of toxic substances. The present work investigated the relationship among microbial activity, the community, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and trace metals in soil surrounding gold mine tailings. Using microbial metabolic activity and high-throughput sequencing analysis, we found the trace metals Cd and Hg could be main factors influencing the microbial community. According to bacterial co-occurrence pattern analysis, the effects of total cadmium and total mercury on bacterial diversity are potentially mediated by influencing bacteria community in the keystone module II. Additionally, most of metal-resistant bacteria belong to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the metal tolerance suggested to be linked with various functions including replication, recombination and repair, as well as inorganic ion transport and metabolism based on PICRUSt2 analysis. We also found that metals generated by mining activity may trigger the co-selection of antibiotic resistance in the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria due to co-resistance or cross resistance. Additionally, PLS-PM analysis revealed that metals could indirectly affect ARGs by influencing bacterial diversity in gold mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yan
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Haijun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, 1318 Jixian North Road, 246133, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Shandong Institute of Geological Survey, 35 Jianzhuxincun South Road, Lixia District, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, 610059, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanyu Lin
- Analytical and Testing Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 178 University Road, Siming District, 361000, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huanhuan Geng
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- Beijing Geo-engineering Design and Research Institute, 6 East Yuanlin Road, Miyun District, 101500, Beijing, China
| | - Huilun Chen
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Beihai Zhou
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
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Risueño Y, Petri C, Conesa HM. The importance of edaphic niches functionality for the sustainability of phytomanagement in semiarid mining impacted ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 266:110613. [PMID: 32392146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities on metal sulphide ores are considered one of the most environmentally damaging anthropogenic activities worldwide, mainly due to the production of metal(loid)- enriched tailings. The objective of the work was to elucidate which factors, including edaphic, vegetation and microbiological aspects, determine soil functionality in the phytomagement of mine tailings piles in semiarid areas. For this purpose, a field study was conducted using a transect experimental design in a former mining area located in southern Spain. Soil characteristics, including edaphic parameters, bacterial and fungal compositions, were determined. The variation in edaphic parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, particle size distribution, etc) through the deterioration transect caused a decrease in plant and microbial diversities, as well as in microbial productivity measured by enzymatic activities. Variation in bacterial relative abundances through the transect was better explained by soil fertility related factors, such as organic matter, pH, salinity, enzymatic activities or microbial biomass (which in turn were related to the presence of plants), than by metals concentrations. The presence of vegetation at the tailings allowed the transition from lithotrophic bacterial orders which dominated in bare tailings areas (e.g. Acidimicrobiales, Chromatiales) to organotrophic oriented orders (e.g. Cytophagales, Actinomycetales). Vegetated patches at the tailings pile and its borders shared some organotrophic bacteria with control forest samples (e.g. Rhizobiales), indicating that natural plant mediated successional processes might stimulate biogeochemical cycles similar to those occurring at non-polluted systems. This functionality of the impacted sites, which include unfavourable edaphic conditions, should be taken into account in the phytomanagement of mine tailings, since it may support its long-term sustainability. Unlike bacteria, variations in fungal relative abundances through the transect were not clearly explained by soil parameters or the presence of plants. Other factors related to spatial distribution or the type of organic substrates may be more determinant in the case of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Risueño
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - César Petri
- IHSM-CSIC La Mayora, Departamento de Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea. Avenida Dr. Wienberg, s/n. 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Héctor M Conesa
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain.
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Elizabeth George S, Wan Y. Advances in characterizing microbial community change and resistance upon exposure to lead contamination: Implications for ecological risk assessment. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 50:2223-2270. [PMID: 34326626 PMCID: PMC8318135 DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2019.1698260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in molecular techniques has spurred waves of studies on responses of microorganisms to lead contamination exposure, leveraging detailed phylogenetic analyses and functional gene identification to discern the effects of lead toxicity on microbial communities. This work provides a comprehensive review of recent research on (1) microbial community changes in contaminated aquatic sediments and terrestrial soils; (2) lead resistance mechanisms; and (3) using lead resistance genes for lead biosensor development. Sufficient evidence in the literature, including both in vitro and in situ studies, indicates that exposure to lead contamination inhibits microbial activity resulting in reduced respiration, suppressed metabolism, and reduced biomass as well as altered microbial community structure. Even at sites where microbial communities do not vary compositionally with contamination levels due to extremely long periods of exposure, functional differences between microbial communities are evident, indicating that some microorganisms are susceptible to lead toxicity as others develop resistance mechanisms to survive in lead contaminated environments. The main mechanisms of lead resistance involve extracellular and intracellular biosorption, precipitation, complexation, and/or efflux pumps. These lead resistance mechanisms are associated with suites of genes responsible for specific lead resistance mechanisms and may serving as indicators of lead contamination in association with dominance of certain phyla. This allows for development of several lead biosensors in environmental biotechnology. To promote applications of these advanced understandings, molecular techniques, and lead biosensor technology, perspectives of future work on using microbial indicators for site ecological assessment is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Elizabeth George
- US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
| | - Yongshan Wan
- US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
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Sibanda T, Selvarajan R, Msagati T, Venkatachalam S, Meddows-Taylor S. Defunct gold mine tailings are natural reservoir for unique bacterial communities revealed by high-throughput sequencing analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2199-2209. [PMID: 30292113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mine tailing dumps are arguably one of the leading sources of environmental degradation with often both public health and ecologically consequences. The present study investigated the concentration of heavy metals in gold mine tailings, and used high throughput sequencing techniques to determine the microbial community diversity of these tailings using 16S rRNA gene based amplicon sequence analysis. The concentration of detected metals and metalloids followed the order Si > Al > Fe > K > Ca > Mg. The 16S rRNA gene based sequence analysis resulted in a total of 273,398 reads across the five samples, represented among 7 major phyla, 41 classes, 77 orders, 142 families and 247 major genera. Phylum Actinobacteria was the most dominant, followed by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and pairwise correlation analysis positively correlated the distribution of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria to Al and K; Actinobacteria to Cr and Chloroflexi to Si. Negative correlations were observed in the distribution of Bacteroidetes with respect to As concentrations, Actinobacteria to Al, and Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria to high As and Te content of the soils. Predictive functional analysis showed the presence of putative biosynthetic and degradative pathways across the five sample sites. The study concludes that mine tailing sites harbour diverse and unique microbial assemblages with potentially biotechnologically important genes for biosynthesis and biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sibanda
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa-Science Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa-Science Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Titus Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa-Science Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | | | - Stephen Meddows-Taylor
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, University of South Africa-Science Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Panitlertumpai N, Nakbanpote W, Sangdee A, Boonapatcharoen N, Prasad MNV. Potentially toxic elements to maize in agricultural soils-microbial approach of rhizospheric and bulk soils and phytoaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23954-23972. [PMID: 29948671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Maize fields near Mae Tao Creek in Pha Te Village, Tak Province, Thailand are contaminated with Zn, Cd, and Pb. This research studied the interaction between levels of the metals contaminating the soil and maize development, heavy metal accumulation in the seeds, and the soil bacterial community structure. Our field experiment was carried out in five plots with metal contents that gradually decreased from a high level near the creek to a lower level further into the land: Zn 380-4883 mg kg-1, Cd 6-85 mg kg-1, and Pb 34-154 mg kg-1. Cultivation and isolation on nutrient agar (NA) was utilized to study the culturable bacterial community, and polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was utilized for the unculturable bacterial communities. All statistical analyses clearly indicated that rainfall and irrigation were the main factors affecting total Zn concentration and bioavailable Zn, Cd, and Pb in the field. The variation in the contents of the heavy metals was weakly correlated with the culturable bacterial community indices (Shannon-Wiener, evenness and richness), but the contents resulted in a difference in the overall diversity of the bacteria in the soil. The richness, numbers of culturable rhizobacteria, and maize growth stage significantly affected the amount of Zn and Cd that accumulated in the roots. In addition, maize accumulated a high level of Zn in the seeds, while the low contents of Cd and Pb in the seeds were below our limit of detection. The results obtained could be informative for the management of maize cultivation in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthawoot Panitlertumpai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Woranan Nakbanpote
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
| | - Aphidech Sangdee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, Thailand
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Xun Y, Zhang X, Chaoliang C, Luo X, Zhang Y. Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Near Uranium Tailings, Beishan City, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:843-848. [PMID: 29594446 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of uranium tailings on soil composition and soil microbial, six soil samples at different distance from the uranium tailings (Beishan City, China) were collected for further analysis. Concentrations of radionuclides (238U and 232Th), heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb) and organochlorine pesticide were determined by ICP-MS and GC, they were significantly higher than those of the control. And the Average Well Color Development as well as the Shannon, the Evenness, and the Simpson index were calculated to evaluate the soil microbial diversity. The carbon utilization model of soil microbial community was also analyzed by Biolog-eco. All results indicated that uranium tailings leaded to excessive radionuclides and heavy metals, and decreased the diversity of the soil microbial community. Our study will provide a valuable basis for soil quality evaluation around uranium tailing repositories and lay a foundation for the management and recovery of uranium tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xun
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
- Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinjia Zhang
- Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chen Chaoliang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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The Role of the Rhizosphere and Microbes Associated with Hyperaccumulator Plants in Metal Accumulation. AGROMINING: FARMING FOR METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kushwaha A, Hans N, Kumar S, Rani R. A critical review on speciation, mobilization and toxicity of lead in soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:1035-1045. [PMID: 29976006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead accumulation in soils is of serious concern in agricultural production due to the harmful effects on soil microflora, crop growth and food safety. In soil, speciation of lead greatly affects its bioavailability and thus its toxicity on plants and microbes. Many plants and bacteria have evolved to develop detoxification mechanisms to counter the toxic effect of lead. Factors influencing the lead speciation include soil pH, organic matter, presence of various amendments, clay minerals and presence of organic colloids and iron oxides. Unlike, other metals little is known about the speciation and mobility of lead in soil. This review focuses on the speciation of lead in soil, its mobility, toxicity, uptake and detoxification mechanisms in plants and bacteria and bioremediation strategies for remediation of lead contaminated repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyarganj, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Hans
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyarganj, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyarganj, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyarganj, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zhou Q, Zang S, Zhao Z, Li X. Dynamic changes of bacterial communities and nitrite character during northeastern Chinese sauerkraut fermentation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:79-85. [PMID: 30263727 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Northeastern Chinese sauerkraut is a well-known traditional fermented vegetable in China. Incomplete identification of the microorganisms' (bacteria in spontaneous fermentation) diversity and accumulation of nitrite make it difficult to normalize the fermentation process and product qualities of northeastern Chinese sauerkraut. Conventional culturing and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods were combined to describe microbial structure and diversity. Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Enterobacter, Accumulibacter, Thermotoga, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Rahnella and Citrobacter were predominant microorganisms in different fermentation periods. The pH value and nitrite concentration presented a certain relevance to the amount of lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc had the ability to decrease nitrite by inhibiting nitrate-reducing bacteria such as Enterobacter. Therefore, Northeastern Chinese sauerkraut should not be eaten until 4 weeks of fermentation for the safety and quality of fermented foods. Northeastern Chinese sauerkraut is rich in lactic acid bacteria, which demonstrate its ability as an excellent probiotic for applications in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shizhu Zang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zinan Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Peng X, Wang Z, Wei D, Huang Q, Jia X. Biodegradation of tetrabromobisphenol A in the sewage sludge process. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 61:39-48. [PMID: 29191314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic sewage sludge capable of rapidly degrading tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was successfully acclimated in an anaerobic reactor over 280days. During the period from 0 to 280days, the TBBPA degradation rate (DR), utilization of glucose, and VSS were monitored continuously. After 280days of acclimation, the TBBPA DR of active sludge reached 96.0% after 20days of treatment in batch experiments. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) determinations, the diversity of the microorganisms after 0 and 280days in the acclimated anaerobic sewage sludge was compared. Furthermore, eleven metabolites, including 2-bromophenol, 3-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, tribromophenol and bisphenol A, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, the six primary intermediary metabolites were also well-degraded by the acclimated anaerobic sewage sludge to varying degrees. Among the six target metabolites, tribromophenol was the most preferred substrate for biodegradation via debromination. These metabolites degraded more rapidly than monobromide and bisphenol A. The biodegradation data of the intermediary metabolites exhibited a good fit to a pseudo-first-order model. Finally, based on the metabolites, metabolic pathways were proposed. In conclusion, the acclimated microbial consortia degraded TBBPA and its metabolites well under anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhangna Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongyang Wei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Qiyuan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoshan Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Narendrula-Kotha R, Nkongolo KK. Bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity in a mining region under long-term metal exposure revealed by metagenomics sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang C, Yin Y, Cao X, Li X. Effects of Maydis stigma polysaccharide on the intestinal microflora in type-2 diabetes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3086-3092. [PMID: 27558859 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1211153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes is a serious endocrine and metabolic disorder. Food supplements attract people's attention in mitigating health problems from the aspect of gastrointestinal microflora. Maydis stigma (Zea mays subsp. mays L. [Poaceae]), has been used as water decoction for treating diabetes in folk medicine. It has great potential, and feasibly a stable form of Maydis stigma commercial products could be developed to fulfil the health food market. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Maydis stigma polysaccharide (MSP) on the intestinal microflora in type-2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS MSP was fractioned from Maydis stigma by distilled water, purified by DEAE-52 Cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel column. Streptozotocin (160 mg/kg) was intraperitoneal injected for 3 days to build model. The diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups together with control group (10 mice in each group). The doses of MSP were 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. After 5 weeks of administration, antidiabetic effects and intestinal microflora balance restoring activities were evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Blood glucose levels of MSP-treated groups showed extremely significant hypoglycemic effects (p < 0.01), body weight increased showed extremely significant (p < 0.01) differences. Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were dominant organisms in the intestinal tract. The quality and quantity of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides genus increased remarkably with increasing concentration of MSP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Experimental results of this study suggest that MSP has the significant potential to be used as a natural agent for treating T2D and restoring the intestinal microflora balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Yuling Yin
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Xuejiao Cao
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Xinli Li
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
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Fan M, Lin Y, Huo H, Liu Y, Zhao L, Wang E, Chen W, Wei G. Microbial communities in riparian soils of a settling pond for mine drainage treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:198-207. [PMID: 27055175 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mine drainage leads to serious contamination of soil. To assess the effects of mine drainage on microbial communities in riparian soils, we used an Illumina MiSeq platform to explore the soil microbial composition and diversity along a settling pond used for mine drainage treatment. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the microbial communities differed significantly among the four sampling zones (influent, upstream, downstream and effluent), but not seasonally. Constrained analysis of principal coordinates indicated heavy metals (zinc, lead and copper), total sulphur, pH and available potassium significantly influenced the microbial community compositions. Heavy metals were the key determinants separating the influent zone from the other three zones. Lower diversity indices were observed in the influent zone. However, more potential indicator species, related to sulphur and organic matter metabolism were found there, such as the sulphur-oxidizing genera Acidiferrobacter, Thermithiobacillus, Limnobacter, Thioprofundum and Thiovirga, and the sulphur-reducing genera Desulfotomaculum and Desulfobulbus; the organic matter degrading genera, Porphyrobacter and Paucimonas, were also identified. The results indicated that more microorganisms related to sulphur- and carbon-cycles may exist in soils heavily contaminated by mine drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaochun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Haibo Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Entao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Weimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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15
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Zhang MQ, Guo Y, Powell CA, Doud MS, Yang CY, Zhou H, Duan YP. Zinc treatment increases the titre of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in huanglongbing-affected citrus plants while affecting the bacterial microbiomes. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1616-28. [PMID: 26909469 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Huanglongbing (HLB)-affected citrus often display zinc deficiency symptoms. In this study, supplemental zinc was applied to citrus to determine its effect on Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) titre, HLB symptoms, and leaf microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS HLB-affected citrus were treated with various amounts of zinc. The treatments promoted Las growth and affected microbiomes in citrus leaves. Phylochip(™) -based results indicated that 5475 of over 50 000 known Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in 52 phyla were detected in the midribs of HLB-affected citrus, of which Proteobacteria was the most abundant, followed by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In comparison, the microbiomes of zinc-treated diseased plants had overall more OTUs with higher amounts of Proteobacteria, but decreased percentages of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In addition, more OTUs of siderophore-producing bacteria were present. Only zinc-sensitive Staphylococcaceae had higher OTU's in the diseased plants without zinc treatments. CONCLUSIONS Although HLB-affected citrus appear zinc deficient, zinc amendments increased the pathogen levels and shifted the microbiome. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY HLB is currently the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide. Zinc is often applied to HLB-affected citrus due to zinc deficiency symptoms. This study provided new insights into the potential effects of zinc on HLB and the microbial ecology of citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA.,USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Y Guo
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - C A Powell
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - M S Doud
- USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - C Y Yang
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - H Zhou
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Y P Duan
- USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
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16
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Sun R, Belcher RW, Liang J, Wang L, Thater B, Crowley DE, Wei G. Effects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) root mucilage on microbial community response and capacity for phenanthrene remediation. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 33:45-59. [PMID: 26141877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is normally limited by their low solubility and poor bioavailability. Prior research suggests that biosurfactants are synthesized as intermediates during the production of mucilage at the root tip. To date the effects of mucilage on PAH degradation and microbial community response have not been directly examined. To address this question, our research compared 3 cowpea breeding lines (Vigna unguiculata) that differed in mucilage production for their effects on phenanthrene (PHE) degradation in soil. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography results indicated that the highest PHE degradation rate was achieved in soils planted with mucilage producing cowpea line C1, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium, leading to 91.6% PHE disappearance in 5 weeks. In root printing tests, strings treated with mucilage and bacteria produced larger clearing zones than those produced on mucilage treated strings with no bacteria or bacteria inoculated strings. Experiments with 14C-PHE and purified mucilage in soil slurry confirmed that the root mucilage significantly enhanced PHE mineralization (82.7%), which is 12% more than the control treatment without mucilage. The profiles of the PHE degraders generated by Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis suggested that cowpea C1, producing a high amount of root mucilage, selectively enriched the PHE degrading bacteria population in rhizosphere. These findings indicate that root mucilage may play a significant role in enhancing PHE degradation and suggests that differences in mucilage production may be an important criterion for selection of the best plant species for use in phytoremediation of PAH contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail: .
| | - Richard W Belcher
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jianqiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Brian Thater
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - David E Crowley
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail: .
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17
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Fernandes SO, Kirchman DL, Michotey VD, Bonin PC, LokaBharathi PA. Bacterial diversity in relatively pristine and anthropogenically-influenced mangrove ecosystems (Goa, India). Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1161-71. [PMID: 25763019 PMCID: PMC4323288 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To appreciate differences in benthic bacterial community composition at the relatively pristine Tuvem and the anthropogenically-influenced Divar mangrove ecosystems in Goa, India, parallel tag sequencing of the V6 region of 16S rDNA was carried out. We hypothesize that availability of extraneously-derived anthropogenic substrates could act as a stimulatant but not a deterrent to promote higher bacterial diversity at Divar. Our observations revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria was dominant at both locations comprising 43–46% of total tags. The Tuvem ecosystem was characterized by an abundance of members belonging to the class Deltaproteobacteria (21%), ~ 2100 phylotypes and 1561 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) sharing > 97% similarity. At Divar, the Gammaproteobacteria were ~ 2× higher (17%) than at Tuvem. A more diverse bacterial community with > 3300 phylotypes and > 2000 OTUs mostly belonging to Gammaproteobacteria and a significantly higher DNT (n = 9, p < 0.001, df = 1) were recorded at Divar. These findings suggest that the quantity and quality of pollutants at Divar are perhaps still at a level to maintain high diversity. Using this technique we could show higher diversity at Divar with the possibility of Gammaproteobacteria contributing to modulating excess nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Oliveira Fernandes
- Biological Oceanography Division National Institute of Oceanography Dona PaulaGoa India Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - David L Kirchman
- School of Marine Science and Policy University of Delaware LewesDE USA School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Valérie D Michotey
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography Aix-Marseille University Marseille France Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. ; Aix Marseille Université MIO UM 110, 13288Marseille France Aix Marseille Université, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia C Bonin
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography Aix-Marseille University Marseille France Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. ; Aix Marseille Université MIO UM 110, 13288Marseille France Aix Marseille Université, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - P A LokaBharathi
- Biological Oceanography Division National Institute of Oceanography Dona PaulaGoa India Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
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18
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Sun R, Crowley DE, Wei G. Study of phenanthrene utilizing bacterial consortia associated with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) root nodules. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:415-33. [PMID: 25601371 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many legumes have been selected as model plants to degrade organic contaminants with their special associated rhizosphere microbes in soil. However, the function of root nodules during microbe-assisted phytoremediation is not clear. A pot study was conducted to examine phenanthrene (PHE) utilizing bacteria associated with root nodules and the effects of cowpea root nodules on phytoremediation in two different types of soils (freshly contaminated soil and aged contaminated soil). Cowpea nodules in freshly-contaminated soil showed less damage in comparison to the aged-contaminated soil, both morphologically and ultra-structurally by scanning electron microscopy. The study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) attenuation conducted by high performance liquid chromatography revealed that more PAH was eliminated from liquid culture around nodulated roots than nodule-free roots. PAH sublimation and denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis were applied to analyze the capability and diversity of PAH degrading bacteria from the following four parts of rhizo-microzone: bulk soil, root surface, nodule surface and nodule inside. The results indicated that the surface and inside of cowpea root nodules were colonized with bacterial consortia that utilized PHE. Our results demonstrated that root nodules not only fixed nitrogen, but also enriched PAH-utilizing microorganisms both inside and outside of the nodules. Legume nodules may have biotechnological values for PAH degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China,
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19
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Rodríguez Martín JA, Gutiérrez C, Escuer M, García-González MT, Campos-Herrera R, Aguila N. Effect of mine tailing on the spatial variability of soil nematodes from lead pollution in La Union (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 473-474:518-529. [PMID: 24394364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Cartagena-La Union mining district, exploited since the end of the 3rd century BC, was one of the world's largest lead producers in the 19th century. Although activity ceased in 1991, today mining residues pose a huge pollution problem. This study characterises lead contents (total and DPTA) and other soil parameters (N, P, K, pH, SOM, CaCO3, granulometric fraction, etc.) using multivariate geostatistical methods in relation to nematode diversity. In this work, trophic groups and metabolic footprints of soil nematodes were measured using 193 samples from the mining, natural and agricultural areas in this district. We explored the relationship between soil health and nematode communities. High lead concentrations were quantified: mean 8,500 mg kg(-1) for total and 340 mg kg(-1) for DPTA in this mining area. Although nematode diversity was broad (81 taxa), their diversity, abundance and metabolic footprints significantly reduced in the mining area. Significant differences in the nematode community structure were observed, and the relative abundance of predators was sensitive to mine and agricultural activities, whilst omnivores reduced only in the agricultural area, and bacterial feeders exhibited a differential response to both anthropogenic disturbances. The total abundance of nematodes, trophic groups and c-p groups correlated negatively with soil Pb contents, and a positive relationship was found with SOM and N, P and K contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Rodríguez Martín
- Depto. Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5km, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, ICA-CSIC, Serrano, 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Escuer
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, ICA-CSIC, Serrano, 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nancy Aguila
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, ICA-CSIC, Serrano, 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Frączek KJ, Ropek DR, Lenart-Boroń AM. Assessment of microbiological and chemical properties in a municipal landfill area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:593-599. [PMID: 24410690 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.859464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the environmental hazards for soils posed by a large municipal landfilll. The concentrations of heavy metals and Policyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, as well as microbial composition (i.e., mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, molds, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Clostridium perfringens) in four soils within and in the vicinity of the landfill were evaluated and compared to waste samples. Both chemical and microbiological analyses revealed only limited contamination of surrounding areas. Although the increased alkalinity of soils was detected, the concentrations of heavy metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) did not exceed the admissible values. All examined microbial groups were abundant in soil and waste. The highest microbial cell numbers were observed in warm summer and spring months. Although the site south of the landfill shows no trace of microbial contamination, pathogenic bacteria were found north of the landfill. This may suggest that there are other, more effective, transmission routes of bacteria than groundwater flow.
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21
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LI XINLI, YANG GUANG, ZHANG CUILI, WU DACHANG, TANG LI, XIN YI. Improvement of intestinal microflora balance by polysaccharide from Physalis alkekengi var. francheti. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:677-82. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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In vivo effects on the intestinal microflora of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti extracts. Fitoterapia 2013; 87:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Sun J, Zou X, Ning Z, Sun M, Peng J, Xiao T. Culturable microbial groups and thallium-tolerant fungi in soils with high thallium contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 441:258-264. [PMID: 23142416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) contamination in soil exerts a significant threat to the ecosystem health due to its high toxicity. However, little is known about the effect of Tl on the microbial community in soil. The present study aimed at characterizing the culturable microbial groups in soils which experience for a long time high Tl contamination and elevated Hg and As. The contamination originates from As, Hg and Tl sulfide mineralization and the associated mining activities in the Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Our investigation showed the existence of culturable bacteria, filamentous fungi and actinomyces in long-term Tl-contaminated soils. Some fungal groups grow in the presence of high Tl level up to 1000 mg kg⁻¹. We have isolated and identified nine Tl-tolerant fungal strains based on the morphological traits and ITS analysis. The dominant genera identified were Trichoderma, Penicillium and Paecilomyces. Preliminary data obtained in this study suggested that certain microbes were able to face high Tl pollution in soil and maintain their metabolic activities and resistances. The highly Tl-tolerant fungi that we have isolated are potentially useful in the remediation of Tl-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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24
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Xu ZY, Tang M, Chen H, Ban YH, Zhang HH. Microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of Sophora viciifolia grown at a lead and zinc mine of northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 435-436:453-64. [PMID: 22885351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of heavy metal contamination on microbial activity is important for developing strategies to reclaim sites disturbed by industrial activities. In this study, we investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and bacteria associated with Sophora viciifolia growing at a lead and zinc mine in Qinling Mountain, China. Specifically, we measured the extent of AM fungal root colonization, examined microbial community structure by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and identified the dominant microorganisms. We also measured the amount of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) and the association of GRSP with heavy metal ions. We found that AM root colonization decreased, but total GRSP increased with the increase of the lead concentration in soil. The Shannon-Wiener Index (H') of the AM fungal community showed a significant negative correlation with the available lead concentration (r=0.92, P=0.009). Bacterial community H' was also negatively correlated with the total and available lead concentrations in the soil (r=0.97, P=0.007 and r=0.92, P=0.025 for total and available lead, respectively). Both, AM fungal and bacterial community structures differed significantly between sites along the pollution gradient. The specific distributions of the two kinds of organisms indicated their differing tolerances to heavy metal. The dominant AM fungi were identified as Glomeraceae, whereas the dominant bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria. The amount of lead bound to GRSP varied from 3.3 to 172.5 mg kg(-1), which positively correlated with total and available soil lead concentration (r=0.99, P<0.000 and r=0.93, P=0.020 for total soil lead and available soil lead concentration, respectively), thus reducing the bioavailability of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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25
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Reith F, Brugger J, Zammit CM, Gregg AL, Goldfarb KC, Andersen GL, DeSantis TZ, Piceno YM, Brodie EL, Lu Z, He Z, Zhou J, Wakelin SA. Influence of geogenic factors on microbial communities in metallogenic Australian soils. ISME JOURNAL 2012; 6:2107-18. [PMID: 22673626 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Links between microbial community assemblages and geogenic factors were assessed in 187 soil samples collected from four metal-rich provinces across Australia. Field-fresh soils and soils incubated with soluble Au(III) complexes were analysed using three-domain multiplex-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and phylogenetic (PhyloChip) and functional (GeoChip) microarrays. Geogenic factors of soils were determined using lithological-, geomorphological- and soil-mapping combined with analyses of 51 geochemical parameters. Microbial communities differed significantly between landforms, soil horizons, lithologies and also with the occurrence of underlying Au deposits. The strongest responses to these factors, and to amendment with soluble Au(III) complexes, was observed in bacterial communities. PhyloChip analyses revealed a greater abundance and diversity of Alphaproteobacteria (especially Sphingomonas spp.), and Firmicutes (Bacillus spp.) in Au-containing and Au(III)-amended soils. Analyses of potential function (GeoChip) revealed higher abundances of metal-resistance genes in metal-rich soils. For example, genes that hybridised with metal-resistance genes copA, chrA and czcA of a prevalent aurophillic bacterium, Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, occurred only in auriferous soils. These data help establish key links between geogenic factors and the phylogeny and function within soil microbial communities. In particular, the landform, which is a crucial factor in determining soil geochemistry, strongly affected microbial community structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Reith
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre of Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX), The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia.
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Qu J, Ren G, Chen B, Fan J, E Y. Effects of lead and zinc mining contamination on bacterial community diversity and enzyme activities of vicinal cropland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 182:597-606. [PMID: 21494836 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the process of mining activity, many kinds of heavy metals enter into soils with dust, causing serious contamination to the environment. In this study, six soils were sampled from cropland at different distances from a lead/zinc mine in Heilongjiang Province, China. The total contents of lead and zinc in the vicinal cropland exceeded the third level of environmental quality standard for soil in China, which indicated that soils in this area were moderately contaminated. Bacterial community diversity and population were greatly decreased when the concentrations of lead and zinc were beyond 1,500 and 995 mg kg(-1), respectively, as analyzed by plate counting and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The bands of DGGE patterns varied with the degree of contamination. The activities of soil urease, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase were negatively correlated with the concentrations of lead and zinc. The highest inhibitory effect of heavy metals on soil enzyme activities was observed in urease. It was noted that PCR-DGGE patterns combined with soil enzyme activity analysis can be indices for the soil quality assessment by heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qu
- Resource and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
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27
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Wakelin SA, Anand RR, Reith F, Gregg AL, Noble RRP, Goldfarb KC, Andersen GL, DeSantis TZ, Piceno YM, Brodie EL. Bacterial communities associated with a mineral weathering profile at a sulphidic mine tailings dump in arid Western Australia. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:298-311. [PMID: 22092956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated bacterial community assemblages and functions down a hill slope contaminated by tailings from a volcanogenic massive sulphide mine in arid Western Australia. Weathering of waste rock, high in S and Fe, had resulted in a varying elemental dispersal down a face of the tailings hill. Bacterial community assemblage, characterised by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting, was significantly associated with electrical conductivity (E.C.) (ρ = 0.664; P < 0.01). Analysis of mobile salts showed that E.C. values were driven by ionic S, Zn, Cl and Al. The bacterial community assemblage was directly characterised across an E.C. gradient using an oligonucleotide microarray (PhyloChip). The dominant taxa at the site were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes; however, 37 phyla were detected. The most responsive taxa to variation in E.C. was Acidobacteria (negative correlation). Patterns of heterotrophic processes (BioLog analysis) were also best explained by variation in E.C. (ρ = 0.53; P < 0.01), showing a link between primary mineral weathering by lithotrophic bacteria and abiotic processes, and secondary biogeochemical processes by heterotrophic taxa. These data significantly broaden our knowledge of the bacteria present in metallomorphic ecosystems, establish that mobile phase elements are key drivers of community structure, and that primary biogeochemical cycling is directly influencing other geochemical interactions in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Wakelin
- AgResearch Ltd, Lincoln Science Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Xie X, Liao M, Ma A, Zhang H. Effects of contamination of single and combined cadmium and mercury on the soil microbial community structural diversity and functional diversity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11631-011-0521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tipayno SC, Chauhan PS, Woo SM, Hong BH, Park KW, Chung JB, Sa TM. Effects of Metal and Metalloid Contamination on Microbial Diversity and Activity in Agricultural Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7745/kjssf.2011.44.1.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li R, Jiang F, Xiao Q, Li J, Liu X, Yu Q, Liu Y, Zeng C. Microcalorimetric, spectroscopic and microscopic investigation on the toxic effects of CdTe quantum dots on Halobacterium halobium R1. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:475102. [PMID: 21030766 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/47/475102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The biological effect of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) on Halobacterium halobium R1 (H. halobium R1) growth was analyzed by a microcalorimetric technique. By using a TAM air eight channels microcalorimeter, the thermogenic curves of H. halobium R1 growth were obtained at 37 °C. To analyze the results, the maximum heat power (P(m)) and the growth rate constants (k) were determined, which showed that they were correlated to the concentration of QDs. The addition of quantum dots caused a gradual increase of P(m) and k at low concentrations of QDs, and a conspicuous decrease at high concentrations. For confirmation, the turbidity (OD(600)) and respiratory rate at different concentrations of QDs were studied. The morphology of H. halobium R1 cells both in the absence and presence of QDs was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of these studies were corroborated with ones derived from microcalorimetry. In this work, the mechanism of cytotoxicity of QDs was explored through fluorescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and microcalorimetry. It was clear that metabolic mechanism of H. halobium R1 growth was changed by the addition of QDs. To the best of our knowledge, the thermokinetics and toxicology of CdTe QDs against H. halobium R1 were obtained for the first time by microcalorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Wang Q, Dai J, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Shen T, Liu J, Wang R. Efficiencies of different microbial parameters as indicator to assess slight metal pollutions in a farm field near a gold mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 161:495-508. [PMID: 19238570 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to monitor changes in the concentrations of metals in the soil, different microbial indices such as BIOLOG, microbial carbon (C(mic)), basal respiration, and culturable microbe's most probable number were used. We compared these methods and wanted to discover which method was the best at measuring slight changes in the amounts of heavy metals. Factor analyses were applied to the BIOLOG data and metal concentrations so the combined effects of heavy metals on microbes could be analyzed via statistical data reduction and the distribution patterns of metal concentration could also be revealed. The results showed that the BIOLOG method could barely detect subtle characteristic changes in the soil samples, while the C(mic) method was more sensitive. Furthermore, different heavy metals did not have the same origin/source, and their effects on microbial indices should be analyzed separately. Significant positive correlations between C(mic) and metals were observed and suggested the limitation of using traditional microbial parameters as metal pollution indicators. Among all the soil characteristics in our study, pH seemed to be the most active abiotic factor that affected microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Ecology and Biodiversity Institute, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, China
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Zhong S, Wu Y, Xu J. Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:1415-1423. [PMID: 19999997 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined effects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%-59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqing Zhong
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Zhou J, Guo W, Wang R, Han X, Wang Q. Microbial community diversity in the profile of an agricultural soil in northern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:981-988. [PMID: 18817079 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The soil microorganisms at different depths play an important role in soil formation, ecosystem biogeochemistry, recycling of nutrients, and degradation of waste products. The aims of this study were to observe the microbial diversity in the profile of an agricultural soil in northern China, and to research the correlation between soil microbes and geochemistry. First, the soil geochemistry of the profile was investigated through 25 chemical elements. Secondly, the various physiological groups of microorganisms were studied by traditional culture methods. Thirdly, the functional diversity on sole carbon source utilization (SCSU) was evaluated by the BIOLOG system. Finally, the correlation between the soil microbial diversity and geochemistry was analyzed statistically. The results showed that the amounts and proportions of various physiological groups of microorganisms changed with depth. The bacterial functional diversity on SCSU decreased with increasing depth, but evenness of the substrate utilization increased. Although the microbial metabolic diversity was different at every depth, it could be classified into three main groups by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The various physiological groups of microorganisms showed remarkable correlation with relevant soil chemical elements. The sensitive microbial indicators of soil health were expected to be screened out from actinomyces or ammonifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Ying Y, Lv Z, Min H, Cheng J. Dynamic changes of microbial community diversity in a photohydrogen producing reactor monitored by PCR-DGGE. J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:1118-1125. [PMID: 19143320 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction) protocol was used for monitoring the dynamic changes in the microbial population during photohydrogen production. Total DNA was extracted directly from the mixed bacterial community in the reactor and subjected to PCR with V3-16S rDNA and pufM gene primers, and the amplifications were then analyzed by DGGE. The DGGE patterns demonstrated the dynamics of community structure and the shift of microbial diversity, which corresponded to different running periods of the reactor. The optimal hydrogen producing community formed on day 10. Using DGGE analysis with the pufM gene fragments was superior to V3-16S rDNA region genes for detecting the dynamic variations of the photosynthetic bacteria population during hydrogen production. The comparative sequence analysis of excised DGGE bands showed the relationship between specific population structures and system performance. Rhodopseudomonas palustris was presumed as one of the dominant community members for hydrogen production in the reactor. The PCR-DGGE protocol was proven to be a good tool for monitoring the photohydrogen production in real time and offered the available information to improve the photohydrogen producing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ying
- Institution ofMicrobiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Yang R, Yu G, Tang J, Chen X. Effects of metal lead on growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive plant species (Solidago canadensis L.). J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:739-744. [PMID: 18763570 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is less known whether and how soil metal lead (Pb) impacts the invasion of exotic plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species (Solidago canadensis L.) in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that allowed arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae rather than plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments. Three Pb levels (control, 300, and 600 mg/kg soil) were used in this study to simulate ambient soil and two pollution sites where S. canadensis grows. Mycorrhizal inoculum comprised five indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiform, Glomus diaphanum, Glomus geosporum, and Glomus etunicatum). The 15N isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhizally mediated nitrogen acquisition of plants. The results showed that S. canadensis was highly dependent on mycorrhizae. The Pb additions significantly decreased biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (root length colonized, RLC%) but did not affect spore numbers, N (including total N and 15N) and P uptake. The facilitating efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient acquisition was promoted by Pb treatments. The Pb was mostly sequestered in belowground of plant (root and rhizome). The results suggest that the high efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake might give S. canadensis a great advantage over native species in Pb polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lazzaro A, Widmer F, Sperisen C, Frey B. Identification of dominant bacterial phylotypes in a cadmium-treated forest soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2007; 63:143-55. [PMID: 18093142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in soils can lead to changes in microbial community structure, characterized by the dominance of groups that are able to tolerate contamination. Such groups may provide good microbial indicators of heavy-metal pollution in soil. Through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiling, changes in the bacterial community structure of an acidic forest soil that had been incubated with cadmium (Cd) for 30 days were investigated. T-RFLP revealed, in particular, three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) strongly dominating in relative abundance in the contaminated soil. By cloning of the amplified 16S rRNA genes and partial sequencing of 25 clones, these three dominant OTUs were phylogenetically characterized. One dominant OTU in the cadmium-contaminated soil was derived from Betaproteobacteria, genus Burkholderia, and the other two were from uncultured members of the class Actinobacteria, closely related to the genus Streptomyces. To confirm T-RFLP data, four primers were designed on the basis of this study's dominant sequences, targeting the OTUs corresponding to Burkholderia or Actinobacteria. Real-time PCR showed that Burkholderia target sequences were more abundant in cadmium-treated soil (7.8 x 10(7)+/- 3.0 x 10(7) targets g(-1) soil) than in untreated soil (4.0 x 10(6)+/- 8.9 x 10(5) targets g(-1) soil). It was concluded that the genus Burkholderia includes species that may be particularly dominant under cadmium contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lazzaro
- Soil Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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