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Wang L, Yi Z, Zhang P, Xiong Z, Zhang G, Zhang W. Comprehensive strategies for microcystin degradation: A review of the physical, chemical, and biological methods and genetic engineering. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121707. [PMID: 38968883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the threat of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) and their associated microcystins (MCs) is crucial for global drinking water safety. In this review, we comprehensively analyze and compares the physical, chemical, and biological methods and genetic engineering for MCs degradation in aquatic environments. Physical methods, such as UV treatments and photocatalytic reactions, have a high efficiency in breaking down MCs, with the potential for further enhancement in performance and reduction of hazardous byproducts. Chemical treatments using chlorine dioxide and potassium permanganate can reduce MC levels but require careful dosage management to avoid toxic by-products and protect aquatic ecosystems. Biological methods, including microbial degradation and phytoremediation techniques, show promise for the biodegradation of MCs, offering reduced environmental impact and increased sustainability. Genetic engineering, such as immobilization of microcystinase A (MlrA) in Escherichia coli and its expression in Synechocystis sp., has proven effective in decomposing MCs such as MC-LR. However, challenges related to specific environmental conditions such as temperature variations, pH levels, presence of other contaminants, nutrient availability, oxygen levels, and light exposure, as well as scalability of biological systems, necessitate further exploration. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of MCs degradation techniques, delving into their practicality, assessing the environmental impacts, and scrutinizing their efficiency to offer crucial insights into the multifaceted nature of these methods in various environmental contexts. The integration of various methodologies to enhance degradation efficiency is vital in the field of water safety, underscoring the need for ongoing innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuoran Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhu Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaosheng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Aeindartehran L, Sadri Z, Rahimi F, Alinejad T. Fluorescence in depth: integration of spectroscopy and imaging with Raman, IR, and CD for advanced research. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2024; 12:032002. [PMID: 38697201 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad46e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy serves as a vital technique for studying the interaction between light and fluorescent molecules. It encompasses a range of methods, each presenting unique advantages and applications. This technique finds utility in various chemical studies. This review discusses Fluorescence spectroscopy, its branches such as Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRFS) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), and their integration with other spectroscopic methods, including Raman, Infrared (IR), and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. By delving into these methods, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities and significance of fluorescence spectroscopy in scientific research, highlighting its diverse applications and the enhanced understanding it brings when combined with other spectroscopic methods. This review looks at each technique's unique features and applications. It discusses the prospects of their combined use in advancing scientific understanding and applications across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Aeindartehran
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States of America
| | - Zahra Sadri
- Department of Biological Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States of America
| | - Fateme Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahereh Alinejad
- The Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cell Growth Factor, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Haida M, El Khalloufi F, Mugani R, Essadki Y, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Microcystin Contamination in Irrigation Water and Health Risk. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:196. [PMID: 38668621 PMCID: PMC11054416 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs), natural hepatotoxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria, pose significant risks to water quality, ecosystem stability, and the well-being of animals, plants, and humans when present in elevated concentrations. The escalating contamination of irrigation water with MCs presents a growing threat to terrestrial plants. The customary practice of irrigating crops from local water sources, including lakes and ponds hosting cyanobacterial blooms, serves as a primary conduit for transferring these toxins. Due to their high chemical stability and low molecular weight, MCs have the potential to accumulate in various parts of plants, thereby increasing health hazards for consumers of agricultural products, which serve as the foundation of the Earth's food chain. MCs can bioaccumulate, migrate, potentially biodegrade, and pose health hazards to humans within terrestrial food systems. This study highlights that MCs from irrigation water reservoirs can bioaccumulate and come into contact with plants, transferring into the food chain. Additionally, it investigates the natural mechanisms that organisms employ for conjugation and the microbial processes involved in MC degradation. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the role of MCs in the terrestrial food chain and to elucidate the specific health risks associated with consuming crops irrigated with water contaminated with these toxins, further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Haida
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (M.H.); (R.M.); (Y.E.); (B.O.)
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Natural Resources Engineering and Environmental Impacts Team, Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, B.P, 45, Khouribga 25000, Morocco;
| | - Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (M.H.); (R.M.); (Y.E.); (B.O.)
| | - Yasser Essadki
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (M.H.); (R.M.); (Y.E.); (B.O.)
| | - Alexandre Campos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (M.H.); (R.M.); (Y.E.); (B.O.)
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4
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Yu B, Zhang Y, Wu H, Yan W, Meng Y, Hu C, Liu Z, Ding J, Zhang H. Advanced oxidation processes for synchronizing harmful microcystis blooms control with algal metabolites removal: From the laboratory to practical applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167650. [PMID: 37806585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater systems have become a global epidemic, leading to a series of problems related to cyanobacterial outbreaks and toxicity. Studies are needed to improve the technology used for the simultaneous removal of harmful cyanobacteria and algal metabolites. In this review, widely reported advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) strategies for removing major species Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and microcystins (MCs) were screened through bibliometrics, such as photocatalysis, activated persulfate, H2O2, Ozone oxidation, ultrasonic oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation, etc. AOPs generate kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inactivate cyanobacteria and degrade cyanotoxins. A series of responses occurs in algal cells to resist the damaging effects of ROS generated by AOPs. Specifically, we reviewed laboratory research, mechanisms, practical applications, and challenges of HABs treatments in AOPs. Problems common to these technologies include the impact of algal response and metabolites, and environmental factors. This information provides guidance for future research on the removal of harmful cyanobacteria and treatment of algal metabolites using AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Yu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huazhen Wu
- Hangzhou Huanke Environmental Consulting Co. LTD, 310010 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Yan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjuan Meng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Urban Wetlands and Regional Change, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Menezes I, Capelo-Neto J, Pestana CJ, Clemente A, Hui J, Irvine JTS, Nimal Gunaratne HQ, Robertson PKJ, Edwards C, Gillanders RN, Turnbull GA, Lawton LA. Comparison of UV-A photolytic and UV/TiO 2 photocatalytic effects on Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7813 and four microcystin analogues: A pilot scale study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113519. [PMID: 34411798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date, the high cost of supplying UV irradiation has prevented the widespread application of UV photolysis and titanium dioxide based photocatalysis in removing undesirable organics in the water treatment sector. To overcome this problem, the use of UV-LEDs (365 nm) for photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis applying TiO2 coated glass beads under UV-LED illumination (365 nm) in a pilot scale reactor for the elimination of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7813 and four microcystin analogues (MC-LR, -LY, -LW, -LF) with a view to deployment in drinking water reservoirs was investigated. UV-A (365 nm) photolysis was shown to be more effective than the UV/TiO2 photocatalytic system for the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and microcystins. During photolysis, cell density significantly decreased over 5 days from an initial concentration of 5.8 × 106 cells mL-1 until few cells were left. Both intra- and extracellular microcystin concentrations were significantly reduced by 100 and 92 %, respectively, by day 5 of the UV treatment for all microcystin analogues. During UV/TiO2 treatment, there was great variability between replicates, making prediction of the effect on cyanobacterial cell and toxin behavior difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Menezes
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Clemente
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jianing Hui
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - H Q Nimal Gunaratne
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ross N Gillanders
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Abdallah MF, Van Hassel WHR, Andjelkovic M, Wilmotte A, Rajkovic A. Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:786. [PMID: 34822570 PMCID: PMC8619289 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins have gained global public interest due to their potential to bioaccumulate in food, which threatens human health. Bloom formation is usually enhanced under Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates which are the dominant climate types in developing countries. In this context, we present an up-to-date overview of cyanotoxins (types, toxic effects, analysis, occurrence, and mitigation) with a special focus on their contamination in (sea)food from all the developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as this has received less attention. A total of 65 publications have been found (from 2000 until October 2021) reporting the contamination by one or more cyanotoxins in seafood and edible plants (five papers). Only Brazil and China conducted more research on cyanotoxin contamination in food in comparison to other countries. The majority of research focused on the detection of microcystins using different analytical methods. The detected levels mostly surpassed the provisional tolerable daily intake limit set by the World Health Organization, indicating a real risk to the exposed population. Assessment of cyanotoxin contamination in foods from developing countries still requires further investigations by conducting more survey studies, especially the simultaneous detection of multiple categories of cyanotoxins in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Wannes H. R. Van Hassel
- Sciensano, Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Organic Contaminants and Additives, Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium;
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Sciensano Research Institute, Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Ju-liette Wytsmanstreet 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- BCCM/ULC Cyanobacteria Collection, InBios-Centre for Protein Engineering, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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7
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Munoz M, Cirés S, de Pedro ZM, Colina JÁ, Velásquez-Figueroa Y, Carmona-Jiménez J, Caro-Borrero A, Salazar A, Santa María Fuster MC, Contreras D, Perona E, Quesada A, Casas JA. Overview of toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Ibero-American freshwaters: Challenges for risk management and opportunities for removal by advanced technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143197. [PMID: 33160675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms worldwide represents an important threat for both the environment and public health. In this context, the development of risk analysis and management tools as well as sustainable and cost-effective treatment processes is essential. The research project TALGENTOX, funded by the Ibero-American Science and Technology Program for Development (CYTED-2019), aims to address this ambitious challenge in countries with different environmental and social conditions within the Ibero-American context. It is based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines ecology, water management and technology fields, and includes research groups from Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Spain. In this review, the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in freshwaters from these countries are summarized. The presence of cyanotoxins has been confirmed in all countries but the information is still scarce and further monitoring is required. In this regard, remote sensing or metagenomics are good alternatives at reasonable cost. The risk management of freshwaters from those countries considering the most frequent uses (consumption and recreation) has been also evaluated. Only Spain and Peru include cyanotoxins in its drinking water legislation (only MC-LR) and thus, there is a need for regulatory improvements. The development of preventive strategies like diminishing nutrient loads to aquatic systems is also required. In the same line, corrective measures are urgently needed especially in drinking waters. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have the potential to play a major role in this scenario as they are effective for the elimination of most cyanotoxins classes. The research on the field of AOPs is herein summarized considering the cost-effectiveness, environmental character and technical applicability of such technologies. Fenton-based processes and photocatalysis using solar irradiation or LED light represent very promising alternatives given their high cost-efficiency. Further research should focus on developing stable long-term operation systems, addressing their scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Munoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Samuel Cirés
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zahara M de Pedro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Colina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | | | - Javier Carmona-Jiménez
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angela Caro-Borrero
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anthony Salazar
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Agua - CITA, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología - UTEC, Lima, Peru
| | | | - David Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elvira Perona
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Casas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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He J, Evans NM, Liu H, Zhu Y, Zhou T, Shao S. UV treatment for degradation of chemical contaminants in food: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1857-1886. [PMID: 33486857 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Application of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for the degradation of chemical contaminants in food products has gained more and more interest in the past two decades. The majority of the research in this field was on mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins and patulin, with limited studies on pesticide residues and other chemical contaminants in food. These studies have been focused on identifying the structure and toxicity of degradation products, investigating the influence of UV treatment factors on the degradation efficiency, determining the impact of UV treatment on the quality of food products, and developing updated UV treatment methods such as TiO2 induced photocatalytic degradation. The summary of published literatures provided insights into future research opportunities in this area, which include determining a standard for the UV treatment description, working with naturally contaminated samples rather than artificially spiked samples, conducting pilot plant or industrial scale studies, examining more targets and conducting multi-targets studies, and developing more innovative methods for UV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Natasha Marie Evans
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaizhi Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Zhu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Camacho-Muñoz D, Fervers AS, Pestana CJ, Edwards C, Lawton LA. Degradation of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin by continuous flow UV-A photocatalysis over immobilised TiO 2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111368. [PMID: 32942219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing presence of freshwater toxins have brought new challenges to preserve water quality due to their potential impact on the environment and human health. Two commonly occurring cyanotoxins, microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin, with different physico-chemical properties were used to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalysis using a continuous-flow reactor with immobilized TiO2 on glass tubes and UV-A light. The effect of flow rate and hydrogen peroxide addition on the efficiency of cyanotoxin removal were evaluated. An analysis of the effects on microcystin-LR removal efficiency showed that low flow rates (1 mL/min) and high H2O2 concentrations (120 mg/L) were needed to provide effective degradation. Up to 27.9% and 39.1% removal of MC-LR and CYN, respectively were achieved by UV-A/TiO2 after a single pass through the reactor. A slight increase of the removal of both cyanotoxins was observed when they were in a mixture (35.5% of MC-LR and 51.3% of CYN). The addition of H2O2 to the UV/TiO2 system led to an average removal enhancement of 92.6% of MC-LR and of 29.5% of CYN compared to the UV/TiO2 system. Photolysis assisted by H2O2 degraded MC-LR by up to 77.7%. No significant removal (<10%) was observed by photolysis alone or physical adsorption. This study presents a proof-of-principle that demonstrates the feasibility for this technology to be integrated in large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Anne-Sophie Fervers
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
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10
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Shao Y, Pang Z, Wang L, Liu X. Efficient Degradation of Acesulfame by Ozone/Peroxymonosulfate Advanced Oxidation Process. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162874. [PMID: 31398794 PMCID: PMC6721196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASWs), a class of emerging contaminants with good water solubility, have attracted much attention recently because of their wide use and negative impact on the aquatic environment and drinking water. Efficient technologies for removing ASWs are in urgent need. This study investigated degradation of typical ASW acesulfame by ozone-activated peroxymonosulfate process (O3/PMS) in prepared and real waters. O3/PMS can degrade >90% acesulfame in prepared water within 15 min at a low dosage of O3 (60 ± 5 µg∙min−1) and PMS (0.4 mM). Ozone, hydroxyl radical (HO•), and sulfate radical (SO4•−) were identified as contributors for ACE degradation and their contribution proportion was 27.1%, 25.4%, and 47.5% respectively. O3/PMS showed the best degradation performance at neutral pH and were sensitive to constituents such as chloride and natural organic matters. The qualitative analysis of degradation products confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl radical and sulfate radical and figured out that the active sites of ACE were the C=C bond, ether bond, and C-N bond. The electrical energy per order ACE degradation were calculated to be 4.6 kWh/m3. Our findings indicate that O3 is an efficient PMS activator and O3/PMS is promising due to its characteristic of tunable O3−HO• SO4•− ternary oxidant involving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shao
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhicheng Pang
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Water Resources & Ocean Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Environmental Engineering, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A & F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Water Resources & Ocean Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Lee J, Lee S, Jiang X. Cyanobacterial Toxins in Freshwater and Food: Important Sources of Exposure to Humans. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:281-304. [PMID: 28245155 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A recent ecological study demonstrated a significant association between an increased risk of nonalcoholic liver disease mortality and freshwater cyanobacterial blooms. Moreover, previous epidemiology studies highlighted a relationship between cyanotoxins in drinking water with liver cancer and damage and colorectal cancer. These associations identified cyanobacterial blooms as a global public health and environmental problem, affecting freshwater bodies that are important sources for drinking water, agriculture, and aquafarms. Furthermore, as a result of climate change, it is expected that our freshwater environments will become more favorable for producing harmful blooms that produce various cyanotoxins. Food is an important source of cyanotoxin exposure to humans, but it has been less addressed. This paper synthesizes information from the studies that have investigated cyanotoxins in freshwater and food on a global scale. We also review and summarize the health effects and exposure routes of cyanotoxins and candidates for cyanotoxin treatment methods that can be applied to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
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He X, de la Cruz AA, Hiskia A, Kaloudis T, O'Shea K, Dionysiou DD. Destruction of microcystins (cyanotoxins) by UV-254 nm-based direct photolysis and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): influence of variable amino acids on the degradation kinetics and reaction mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 74:227-238. [PMID: 25744186 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are the most frequently detected group of cyanobacterial toxins. This study investigated the degradation of common MC variants in water, MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LA, by UV-254 nm-based processes, UV only, UV/H2O2, UV/S2O8(2-) and UV/HSO5(-). Limited direct photolysis of MCs was observed, while the addition of an oxidant significantly improved the degradation efficiency with an order of UV/S2O8(2-) > UV/HSO5(-) > UV/H2O2 at the same initial molar concentration of the oxidant. The removal of MC-LR by UV/H2O2 appeared to be faster than another cyanotoxin, cylindrospermopsin, at either the same initial molar concentration or the same initial organic carbon concentration of the toxin. It suggested a faster reaction of MC-LR with hydroxyl radical, which was further supported by the determined second-order rate constant of MCs with hydroxyl radical. Both isomerization and photohydration byproducts were observed in UV only process for all four MCs; while in UV/H2O2, hydroxylation and diene-Adda double bond cleavage byproducts were detected. The presence of a tyrosine in the structure of MC-YR significantly promoted the formation of monohydroxylation byproduct m/z 1061; while the presence of a second arginine in MC-RR led to the elimination of a guanidine group and the absence of double bond cleavage byproducts. It was therefore demonstrated in this study that the variable amino acids in the structure of MCs influenced not only the degradation kinetics but also the preferable reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang He
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Armah A de la Cruz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Water Quality Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP SA), Oropou 156, 11146 Galatsi, Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, United States; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Characteristics of UV-MicroO 3Reactor and Its Application to Microcystins Degradation during Surface Water Treatment. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/240703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The UV-ozone (UV-O3) process is not widely applied in wastewater and potable water treatment partly for the relatively high cost since complicated UV radiation and ozone generating systems are utilized. The UV-microozone (UV-microO3), a new advanced process that can solve the abovementioned problems, was introduced in this study. The effects of air flux, air pressure, and air humidity on generation and concentration of O3in UV-microO3reactor were investigated. The utilization of this UV-microO3reactor in microcystins (MCs) degradation was also carried out. Experimental results indicated that the optimum air flux in the reactor equipped with 37 mm diameter quartz tube was determined to be 18∼25 L/h for efficient O3generation. The air pressure and humidity in UV-microO3reactor should be low enough in order to get optimum O3output. Moreover, microcystin-RR, YR, and LR (MC-RR, MC-YR, and MC-LR) could be degraded effectively by UV-microO3process. The degradation of different MCs was characterized by first-order reaction kinetics. The pseudofirst-order kinetic constants for MC-RR, MC-YR, and MC-LR degradation were 0.0093, 0.0215, and 0.0286 min−1, respectively. Glucose had no influence on MC degradation through UV-microO3. The UV-microO3process is hence recommended as a suitable advanced treatment method for dissolved MCs degradation.
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Zhang Y. Investigation of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis and its mechanism in Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1943-1948. [PMID: 25193846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation levels of Bacillus subtilis spores for various disinfection processes (ultraviolet (UV), TiO2 and UV-TiO2) were compared. The results showed that the inactivation effect of B. subtilis spores by UV treatment alone was far below that for bacteria without endospores. TiO2 alone in the dark, as a control experiment, exhibited almost no inactivation effect. Compared with UV treatment alone, the inactivation effect increased significantly with the addition of TiO2. Increases of the UV irradiance and TiO2 concentration both contributed to the increase of the inactivation effect. Lipid peroxidation was found to be the underlying mechanism of inactivation. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the degradation product of lipid peroxidation, was used as an index to determine the extent of the reaction. The MDA concentration surged surprisingly to 3.24nmol/mg dry cell with the combination disinfection for 600sec (0.10mW/cm(2) irradiance and 10mg/L TiO2). In contrast, for UV alone or TiO2 in the dark, the MDA concentration was 0.38 and 0.25nmol/mg dry cell, respectively, under the same conditions. This indicated that both UV and TiO2 were essential for lipid peroxidation. Changes in cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell membrane was heavily damaged and cellular contents were completely lysed with the UV-TiO2 process, suggesting that lipid peroxidation was the root of the enhancement in inactivation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lingling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Roegner AF, Brena B, González-Sapienza G, Puschner B. Microcystins in potable surface waters: toxic effects and removal strategies. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:441-57. [PMID: 24038121 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater, harmful cyanobacterial blooms threaten to increase with global climate change and eutrophication of surface waters. In addition to the burden and necessity of removal of algal material during water treatment processes, bloom-forming cyanobacteria can produce a class of remarkably stable toxins, microcystins, difficult to remove from drinking water sources. A number of animal intoxications over the past 20 years have served as sentinels for widespread risk presented by microcystins. Cyanobacterial blooms have the potential to threaten severely both public health and the regional economy of affected communities, particularly those with limited infrastructure or resources. Our main objectives were to assess whether existing water treatment infrastructure provides sufficient protection against microcystin exposure, identify available options feasible to implement in resource-limited communities in bloom scenarios and to identify strategies for improved solutions. Finally, interventions at the watershed level aimed at bloom prevention and risk reduction for entry into potable water sources were outlined. We evaluated primary studies, reviews and reports for treatment options for microcystins in surface waters, potable water sources and treatment plants. Because of the difficulty of removal of microcystins, prevention is ideal; once in the public water supply, the coarse removal of cyanobacterial cells combined with secondary carbon filtration of dissolved toxins currently provides the greatest potential for protection of public health. Options for point of use filtration must be optimized to provide affordable and adequate protection for affected communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber F Roegner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Pantelić D, Svirčev Z, Simeunović J, Vidović M, Trajković I. Cyanotoxins: characteristics, production and degradation routes in drinking water treatment with reference to the situation in Serbia. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:421-441. [PMID: 23391374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are members of phytoplankton of the surface freshwaters. The accelerated eutrophication of freshwaters, especially reservoirs for drinking water, by human activity has increased the occurrence and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms. They are of concern due to their ability to produce taste and odors compounds, a wide range of toxins, which have a hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatotoxic behavior, being dangerous to animal and human health. Therefore, the removal of cyanobacteria, without cell lysis, and releasing of intracellular metabolites, would significantly reduce the concentration of these metabolites in the finished drinking water, as a specific aim of the water treatment processes. This review summarizes the existing data on characteristics of the cyanotoxins, their productions in environment and effective treatment processes to remove these toxins from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Pantelić
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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