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Im HR, Im SJ, Nguyen DV, Jeong SP, Jang A. Real-time diagnosis and monitoring of biofilm and corrosion layer formation on different water pipe materials using non-invasive imaging methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142577. [PMID: 38857632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Water distribution networks play a crucial role in ensuring a reliable water supply, yet they encounter challenges such as corrosion, scale formation, and biofilm growth due to interactions with environmental elements. Biofilms and corrosion layers are significant contaminants in water pipes, formed by complex interactions with pipe materials. As the structure of these contamination layers varies depending on the pipe material, it is essential to investigate the contamination layer for each material individually. Specifically, biofilm growth is typically investigated concerning organic sources, while the growth of humus layers is examined in relation to inorganic elements such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al), which are major elements and organic substances found in water pipes. Real-time imaging of recently contaminated layers can provide important insights to improve system performance by optimizing operations and cleaning processes. In this study, cast iron (7.10 ± 0.78 nm) exhibits greater surface roughness compared to PVC (5.60 ± 0.14 nm) and provides favorable conditions for biofilm formation due to its positive charge. Over a period of 425 h, the fouling layer on cast iron and PVC surfaces gradually increased in fouling thickness, porosity, roughness, and density, reaching maximum value of 29.72 ± 3.6 μm, 11.44 ± 1.1%, 41673 ± 1025.6 pixels, and 0.80 ± 0.3 fouling layer pixel/layer pixel for cast iron, and 8.15 ± 0.4 μm, 20.64 ± 0.9%, 35916.6 ± 755.7 pixels, and 0.58 ± 0.1 fouling layer pixel/layer pixel, respectively. Within the scope of the current research, CNN model demonstrates high correlation coefficients (0.98 and 0.91) in predicting biofilm thickness for cast iron and PVC. The model also presented high accuracy in predicting porosity for both materials (over 0.91 for cast iron and 0.96 for PVC). While the model accurately predicted biofilm roughness and density for cast iron (correlation coefficients 0.98 and 0.94, respectively), it had lower accuracy for PVC (correlation coefficients 0.92 for both parameters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Rae Im
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ju Im
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duc Viet Nguyen
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon-si, 21985, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Pil Jeong
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14 Gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Am Jang
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Shan L, Zheng W, Xu S, Zhu Z, Pei Y, Bao X, Yuan Y. Effect of household pipe materials on formation and chlorine resistance of the early-stage biofilm: various interspecific interactions exhibited by the same microbial biofilm in different pipe materials. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:295. [PMID: 38856934 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microbial community biofilm exists in the household drinking water system and would pose threat to water quality. This paper explored biofilm formation and chlorination resistance of ten dual-species biofilms in three typical household pipes (stainless steel (SS), polypropylene random (PPR), and copper), and investigated the role of interspecific interaction. Biofilm biomass was lowest in copper pipes and highest in PPR pipes. A synergistic or neutralistic relationship between bacteria was evident in most biofilms formed in SS pipes, whereas four groups displayed a competitive relationship in biofilms formed in copper pipe. Chlorine resistance of biofilms was better in SS pipes and worse in copper pipes. It may be helped by interspecific relationships, but was more dependent on bacteria and resistance mechanisms such as more stable extracellular polymeric substance. The corrosion sites may also protect bacteria from chlorination. The findings provide useful insights for microbial control strategies in household drinking water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Wanjun Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Siyang Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
- Department of Transportation of Jiangxi Province, Comprehensive Transportation Development Research Center of Jiangxi Provincial, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zebing Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Yunyan Pei
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Xiajun Bao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
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Moreno Y, Moreno-Mesonero L, Soler P, Zornoza A, Soriano A. Influence of drinking water biofilm microbiome on water quality: Insights from a real-scale distribution system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171086. [PMID: 38382601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms, constituting over 95 % of the biomass in drinking water distribution systems, form an ecosystem impacting both the aesthetic and microbiological quality of water. This study investigates the microbiome of biofilms within a real-scale drinking water distribution system in eastern Spain, utilizing amplicon-based metagenomics. Forty-one biofilm samples underwent processing and sequencing to analyze both bacterial and eukaryotic microbiomes, with an assessment of active biomass. Genus-level analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity, with Desulfovibrio, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium, Methylocystis, and Bacillus identified as predominant genera. Notably, bacteria associated with corrosion processes, including Desulfovibrio, Sulfuricella, Hyphomicrobium, and Methylobacterium, were prevalent. Potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, and Legionella were also detected. Among protozoa, Opisthokonta and Archaeplastida were the most abundant groups in biofilm samples, with potential pathogenic eukaryotes (Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, Blastocystis) identified. Interestingly, no direct correlation between microbiota composition and pipe materials was observed. The study suggests that the usual concentration of free chlorine in bulk water proved insufficient to prevent the presence of undesirable bacteria and protozoa in biofilms, which exhibited a high concentration of active biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Moreno
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Laura Moreno-Mesonero
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Soler
- Empresa Mixta Valenciana de Aguas, S.A. (EMIVASA), Av. del Regne de València, 28, 46005, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Zornoza
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; H2OCITIES, SL, Arte Mayor de la Seda, 15, 46950 Xirivella, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adela Soriano
- Empresa Mixta Valenciana de Aguas, S.A. (EMIVASA), Av. del Regne de València, 28, 46005, Valencia, Spain
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Goudot S, Mathieu L, Herbelin P, Soreau S, Jorand FPA. Growth dynamic of biofilm-associated Naegleria fowleri in freshwater on various materials. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369665. [PMID: 38511008 PMCID: PMC10951111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In industrial water systems, the occurrence of biofilm-associated pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) such as Naegleria fowleri is a potential hygienic problem, and factors associated with its occurrence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of four cooling circuit materials on the growth of N. fowleri in a freshwater biofilm formed at 42°C and under a hydrodynamic shear rate of 17 s-1 (laminar flow): polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, brass, and titanium. Colonization of the freshwater biofilms by N. fowleri was found to be effective on polyvinyl chloride, stainless steel, and titanium. For these three materials, the ratio of (bacterial prey)/(amoeba) was found to control the growth of N. fowleri. All materials taken together, a maximum specific growth rate of 0.18 ± 0.07 h-1 was associated with a generation time of ~4 h. In contrast, no significant colonization of N. fowleri was found on brass. Therefore, the contribution of copper is strongly suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Goudot
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, Nancy, France
| | | | - Pascaline Herbelin
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
| | - Sylvie Soreau
- EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
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Ra K, Proctor C, Ley C, Angert D, Noh Y, Odimayomi T, Whelton AJ. Four buildings and a flush: Lessons from degraded water quality and recommendations on building water management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 18:100314. [PMID: 37854462 PMCID: PMC10579424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing, and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing attention. To investigate this, a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on water quality in four institutional buildings. Two of these buildings were old (>58 years) and large (>19,000 m2), while the other two were new (>13 years) and small (<11,000 m2). The study revealed significant decreases in water usage in the small buildings, whereas usage remained unchanged in the large buildings. Initial analysis found that residual chlorine was rarely detectable in cold/drinking water samples. Furthermore, the pH, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, and total cell count levels in the first draw of cold water samples were similar across all buildings. However, the ranges of heavy metal concentrations in large buildings were greater than observed in small buildings. Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) sporadically exceeded drinking water limits at cold water fixtures, with maximum concentrations of 2.7 mg Cu L-1, 45.4 μg Pb L-1, 1.9 mg Mn L-1. Flushing the plumbing for 5 min resulted in detectable residual at fixtures in three buildings, but even after 125 min of flushing in largest and oldest building, no residual chlorine was detected at the fixture closest to the building's point of entry. During the pandemic, the building owner conducted fixture flushing, where one to a few fixtures were operated per visit in buildings with hundreds of fixtures and multiple floors. However, further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes that control faucet water quality from the service line to the faucet. In the absence of this knowledge, building owners should create and use as-built drawings to develop flushing plans and conduct periodic water testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungyeon Ra
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Caitlin Proctor
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Christian Ley
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Colorado, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Danielle Angert
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, 301E E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yoorae Noh
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tolulope Odimayomi
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 750 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Andrew J. Whelton
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Healy HG, Ehde A, Bartholow A, Kantor RS, Nelson KL. Responses of drinking water bulk and biofilm microbiota to elevated water age in bench-scale simulated distribution systems. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38253591 PMCID: PMC10803812 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Reductions in nonresidential water demand during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of understanding how water age impacts drinking water quality and microbiota in piped distribution systems. Using benchtop model distribution systems, we aimed to characterize the impacts of elevated water age on microbiota in bulk water and pipe wall biofilms. Five replicate constant-flow reactors were fed with municipal chloraminated tap water for 6 months prior to building closures and 7 months after. After building closures, chloramine levels entering the reactors dropped; in the reactor bulk water and biofilms the mean cell counts and ATP concentrations increased over an order of magnitude while the detection of opportunistic pathogens remained low. Water age, and the corresponding physicochemical changes, strongly influenced microbial abundance and community composition. Differential initial microbial colonization also had a lasting influence on microbial communities in each reactor (i.e., historical contingency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Greenwald Healy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aliya Ehde
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alma Bartholow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rose S Kantor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Kara L Nelson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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7
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Abkar L, Moghaddam HS, Fowler SJ. Microbial ecology of drinking water from source to tap. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168077. [PMID: 37914126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As drinking water travels from its source, through various treatment processes, hundreds to thousands of kilometres of distribution network pipes, to the taps in private homes and public buildings, it is exposed to numerous environmental changes, as well as other microbes living in both water and on surfaces. This review aims to identify the key locations and factors that are associated with changes in the drinking water microbiome throughout conventional urban drinking water systems from the source to the tap water. Over the past 15 years, improvements in cultivation-independent methods have enabled studies that allow us to answer such questions. As a result, we are beginning to move towards predicting the impacts of disturbances and interventions resulting ultimately in management of drinking water systems and microbial communities rather than mere observation. Many challenges still exist to achieve effective management, particularly within the premise plumbing environment, which exhibits diverse and inconsistent conditions that may lead to alterations in the microbiota, potentially presenting public health risks. Finally, we recommend the establishment of global collaborative projects on the drinking water microbiome that will enhance our current knowledge and lead to tools for operators and researchers alike to improve global access to high-quality drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Abkar
- Civil Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | - S Jane Fowler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
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8
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Effect of domestic pipe materials on microbiological safety of drinking water: Different biofilm formation and chlorination resistance for diverse pipe materials. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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9
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Logan-Jackson AR, Batista MD, Healy W, Ullah T, Whelton AJ, Bartrand TA, Proctor C. A Critical Review on the Factors that Influence Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens: From Building Entry to Fixtures in Residences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6360-6372. [PMID: 37036108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Residential buildings provide unique conditions for opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen (OPPP) exposure via aerosolized water droplets produced by showerheads, faucets, and tubs. The objective of this review was to critically evaluate the existing literature that assessed the impact of potentially enhancing conditions to OPPP occurrence associated with residential plumbing and to point out knowledge gaps. Comprehensive studies on the topic were found to be lacking. Major knowledge gaps identified include the assessment of OPPP growth in the residential plumbing, from building entry to fixtures, and evaluation of the extent of the impact of typical residential plumbing design (e.g., trunk and branch and manifold), components (e.g., valves and fixtures), water heater types and temperature setting of operation, and common pipe materials (copper, PEX, and PVC/CPVC). In addition, impacts of the current plumbing code requirements on OPPP responses have not been assessed by any study and a lack of guidelines for OPPP risk management in residences was identified. Finally, the research required to expand knowledge on OPPP amplification in residences was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshae' R Logan-Jackson
- Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Marylia Duarte Batista
- Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - William Healy
- Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Tania Ullah
- Building Energy and Environment Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Andrew J Whelton
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Timothy A Bartrand
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Research Institute, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania 19004, United States
| | - Caitlin Proctor
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Martínez-Campos S, González-Pleiter M, Rico A, Schell T, Vighi M, Fernández-Piñas F, Rosal R, Leganés F. Time-course biofilm formation and presence of antibiotic resistance genes on everyday plastic items deployed in river waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130271. [PMID: 36351347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plastisphere has been widely studied in the oceans; however, there is little information on how living organisms interact with the plastisphere in freshwater ecosystems, and particularly on how this interaction changes over time. We have characterized, over one year, the evolution of the eukaryotic and bacterial communities colonizing four everyday plastic items deployed in two sites of the same river with different anthropogenic impact. α-diversity analyses showed that site had a significant role in bacterial and eukaryotic diversity, with the most impacted site having higher values of the Shannon diversity index. β-diversity analyses showed that site explained most of the sample variation followed by substrate type (i.e., plastic item) and time since first colonization. In this regard, core microbiomes/biomes in each plastic at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months could be identified at genus level, giving a global overview of the evolution of the plastisphere over time. The measured concentration of antibiotics in the river water positively correlated with the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on the plastics. These results provide relevant information on the temporal dynamics of the plastisphere in freshwater ecosystems and emphasize the potential contribution of plastic items to the global spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Campos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Pleiter
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the Universidad de Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidad de Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Theresa Schell
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the Universidad de Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the Universidad de Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Fernández-Piñas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Sójka O, Keskin D, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P, Gagliano MC. Nanogel-based coating as an alternative strategy for biofilm control in drinking water distribution systems. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:121-134. [PMID: 36946276 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2190023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and detachment in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can lead to several operational issues. Here, an alternative biofilm control strategy of limiting bacterial adhesion by application of a poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide)-based nanogel coating on DWDS pipe walls was investigated. The nanogel coatings were successfully deposited on surfaces of four polymeric pipe materials commonly applied in DWDS construction. Nanogel-coated and non-coated pipe materials were characterized in terms of their surface hydrophilicity and roughness. Four DWDS relevant bacterial strains, representing Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas, were used to evaluate the anti-adhesive performance of the coating in 4 h adhesion and 24 h biofilm assays. The presence of the nanogel coating resulted in adhesion reduction up to 97%, and biofilm reduction up to 98%, compared to non-coated surfaces. These promising results motivate further investigation of nanogel coatings as a strategy for biofilm prevention in DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sójka
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Damla Keskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
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12
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Sójka O, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P, Gagliano MC. Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-based hydrogel coating for drinking water distribution systems to inhibit adhesion of waterborne bacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1066126. [PMID: 36896012 PMCID: PMC9989184 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1066126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can be a nuisance, leading to several operational and maintenance issues (i.e., increased secondary disinfectants demand, pipe damage or increased flow resistance), and so far, no single control practice was found to be sufficiently effective. Here, we propose poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (P(SBMA))-based hydrogel coating application as a biofilm control strategy in DWDS. The P(SBMA) coating was synthetized through photoinitiated free radical polymerization on polydimethylsiloxane with different combinations of SBMA as a monomer, and N, N'-methylenebis (acrylamide) (BIS) as a cross-linker. The most stable coating in terms of its mechanical properties was obtained using 20% SBMA with a 20:1 SBMA:BIS ratio. The coating was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The anti-adhesive performance of the coating was evaluated in a parallel-plate flow chamber system against adhesion of four bacterial strains representing genera commonly identified in DWDS biofilm communities, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas. The selected strains exhibited varying adhesion behaviors in terms of attachment density and bacteria distribution on the surface. Despite these differences, after 4 h, presence of the P(SBMA)-based hydrogel coating significantly reduced the number of adhering bacteria by 97%, 94%, 98% and 99%, for Sphingomonas Sph5, Sphingomonas Sph10, Pseudomonas extremorientalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, compared to non-coated surfaces. These findings motivate further research into a potential application of a hydrogel anti-adhesive coating as a localized biofilm control strategy in DWDS, especially on materials known to promote excessive biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sójka
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
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Jara J, Jurado R, Almendro-Vedia VG, López-Montero I, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM, Orgaz B. Interspecies relationships between nosocomial pathogens associated to preterm infants and lactic acid bacteria in dual-species biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1038253. [PMID: 36325465 PMCID: PMC9618709 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1038253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs) used to feed preterm infants are commonly colonized by bacteria with the ability to form complex biofilms in their inner surfaces. Among them, staphylococci (mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) and some species belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae are of special concern since they can cause nosocomial infections in this population. NETF-associated biofilms can also include lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with the ability to compete with pathogenic species for nutrients and space. Ecological interactions among the main colonizers of these devices have not been explored yet; however, such approach could guide future strategies involving the pre-coating of the inner surfaces of NEFTs with well adapted LAB strains in order to reduce the rates of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this context, this work implied the formation of dual-species biofilms involving one LAB strain (either Ligilactobacillus salivarius 20SNG2 or Limosilactobacillus reuteri 7SNG3) and one nosocomial strain (either Klebsiella pneumoniae 9SNG3, Serratia marcescens 10SNG3, Staphylococcus aureus 45SNG3 or Staphylococcus epidermidis 46SNG3). The six strains used in this study had been isolated from the inner surface of NEFTs. Changes in adhesion ability of the pathogens were characterized using a culturomic approach. Species interactions and structural changes of the resulting biofilms were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). No aggregation was observed in dual-species biofilms between any of the two LAB strains and either K. pneumoniae 9SNG3 or S. marcescens 10SNG3. In addition, biofilm thickness and volume were reduced, suggesting that both LAB strains can control the capacity to form biofilms of these enterobacteria. In contrast, a positive ecological relationship was observed in the combination L. reuteri 7SNG3-S. aureus 45SNG3. This relationship was accompanied by a stimulation of S. aureus matrix production when compared with its respective monospecies biofilm. The knowledge provided by this study may guide the selection of potentially probiotic strains that share the same niche with nosocomial pathogens, enabling the establishment of a healthier microbial community inside NEFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Jara
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Jurado
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G. Almendro-Vedia
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonides Fernández
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Orgaz
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Nasogastric enteral feeding tubes modulate preterm colonization in early life. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:838-847. [PMID: 34845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are generally fed through nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs). The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of NEFTs in the initial colonization of the preterm gut and its evolution within the first 2 weeks after birth. METHODS For this purpose, fecal and NEFT-derived samples from 30 preterm infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were collected from birth to the second week of life. Samples were cultivated in ten culture media, including three for the isolation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. RESULTS Isolates (561) were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Although the first NEFTs inserted into the neonates after birth were rarely colonized, analysis of NEFTs and fecal samples over time revealed a significant increase in bacterial abundance, diversity, and detection frequency. Results showed a parallel colonization between time-matched NEFTs and fecal samples, suggesting an ongoing bidirectional transfer of bacteria from the neonatal gut to the NEFTs and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS In short-term hospitalization, length is by far the determinant factor for the early colonization of preterm infants. As NEFT populations reflect the bacterial populations that are colonizing the preterm in a precise moment, their knowledge could be useful to prevent the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains. IMPACT The hospital environment modulates preterm colonization immediately after birth. The colonization of preterm feces and NEFTs occurs in parallel. There is an ongoing bidirectional transfer of microorganisms from the neonatal gut to the NEFTs and vice versa. Bacterial communities inside NEFTs could act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. NEFT populations reflect the bacteria that are colonizing the preterm at a precise moment.
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15
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Ganesan S, Ruendee T, Kimura SY, Chawengkijwanich C, Janjaroen D. Effect of biofilm formation on different types of plastic shopping bags: Structural and physicochemical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112542. [PMID: 34929185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics and biofilms have a complicated relationship that has great interest. Bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation is considered to cause health and environmental risks from plastic waste accumulation. In water, plastic waste could serve as a new substrate for bacteria. In our study, the attachment of Escherichia coli K12, to four types of plastic shopping bags (biodegradable polylactic acid and the non-biodegradable polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride) was investigated. The change in physicochemical phenomena of each plastic, such as reduced hydrophobicity and higher exopolysaccharide concentrations (total extractable protein and carbohydrate) resulted in increased biofilm content on the plastic surfaces. The bacterial colonization of different plastic surfaces controls the ionic strength of the nutrition sources. The adhesion of Escherichia coli K12 cells on the surfaces were revealed by SEM images. The finding shows that increases surface roughness, besides favor for adhesion of bacterial cells due to hydrophobicity leading to a rapid attachment of Escherichia coli K12 on the surfaces. In addition, we used Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory to predict the attachment of Escherichia coli K12, which gave result of adhesion due to the high energy barrier. This present study added to our knowledge of the possible consequences of plastics acting as a new habitat for microbes in different aquatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunantha Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaporn Ruendee
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Susana Y Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Chamorn Chawengkijwanich
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Dao Janjaroen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Program of Industrial Waste Management - Policies and Practices, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, Thailand.
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16
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Variation in the Structure and Composition of Bacterial Communities within Drinking Water Fountains in Melbourne, Australia. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern drinking water distributions systems (DWDSs) have been designed to transport treated or untreated water safely to the consumer. DWDSs are complex environments where microorganisms are able to create their own niches within water, biofilm or sediment. This study was conducted on twelve drinking fountains (of three different types, namely types A, B and C) within the Melbourne (Australia) city area with the aim to (i) characterize the water quality and viable and total counts at each fountain, (ii) compare the differences in the structure and diversity of the bacterial community between bulk water and biofilm and (iii) determine differences between the bacterial communities based on fountain type. Samples of water and biofilm were assessed using both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Heterotrophic plate counts of water samples ranged from 0.5 to 107.5 CFU mL−1, and as expected, total cell counts (cells mL−1) were, on average, 2.9 orders of magnitude higher. Based on the mean relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), ANOSIM showed that the structure of the bacterial communities in drinking water and biofilm varied significantly (R = 0.58, p = 0.001). Additionally, ANOSIM showed that across fountain types (in water), the bacterial community was more diverse in fountain type C compared to type A (p < 0.001) and type B (p < 0.001). 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing revealed that the bacterial communities in both water and biofilm were dominated by only seven phyla, with Proteobacteria accounting for 71.3% of reads in water and 68.9% in biofilm. The next most abundant phylum was Actinobacteria (10.4% water; 11.7% biofilm). In water, the genus with the highest overall mean relative abundance was Sphingomonas (24.2%), while Methylobacterium had the highest mean relative abundance in biofilm samples (54.7%). At the level of genus and higher, significant differences in dominance were found across fountain types. In water, Solirubrobacterales (order) were present in type C fountains at a relative abundance of 17%, while the mean relative abundance of Sphingomonas sp. in type C fountains was less than half that in types A (25%) and B (43%). In biofilm, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas sp. was more than double in type A (10%) fountains compared to types B (4%) and C (5%), and Sandarakinorhabdus sp. were high in type A fountains (6%) and low in types B and C (1%). Overall this research showed that there were significant differences in the composition of bacterial communities in water and biofilm from the same site. Furthermore, significant variation exists between microbial communities present in the fountain types, which may be related to age. Long-established environments may lead to a greater chance of certain bacteria gaining abilities such as increased disinfection resistance. Variations between the structure of the bacterial community residing in water and biofilm and differences between fountain types show that it is essential to regularly test samples from individual locations to determine microbial quality.
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17
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Lee D, Calendo G, Kopec K, Henry R, Coutts S, McCarthy D, Murphy HM. The Impact of Pipe Material on the Diversity of Microbial Communities in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:779016. [PMID: 34992587 PMCID: PMC8724538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.779016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As many cities around the world face the prospect of replacing aging drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), water utilities must make careful decisions on new pipe material (e.g., cement-lined or PVC) for these systems. These decisions are informed by cost, physical integrity, and impact on microbiological and physicochemical water quality. Indeed, pipe material can impact the development of biofilm in DWDS that can harbor pathogens and impact drinking water quality. Annular reactors (ARs) with cast iron and cement coupons fed with chloraminated water from a municipal DWDS were used to investigate the impact of pipe material on biofilm development and composition over 16 months. The ARs were plumbed as closely as possible to the water main in the basement of an academic building to simulate distribution system conditions. Biofilm communities on coupons were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. In the cast iron reactors, β-proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and α-proteobacteria were similarly relatively abundant (24.1, 22.5, and 22.4%, respectively) while in the cement reactors, α-proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were more relatively abundant (36.3 and 35.2%, respectively) compared to β-proteobacteria (12.8%). Mean alpha diversity (estimated with Shannon H and Faith's Phylogenetic Difference indices) was greater in cast iron reactors (Shannon: 5.00 ± 0.41; Faith's PD: 15.40 ± 2.88) than in cement reactors (Shannon: 4.16 ± 0.78; Faith's PD: 13.00 ± 2.01). PCoA of Bray-Curtis dissimilarities indicated that communities in cast iron ARs, cement ARs, bulk distribution system water, and distribution system pipe biofilm were distinct. The mean relative abundance of Mycobacterium spp. was greater in the cement reactors (34.8 ± 18.6%) than in the cast iron reactors (21.7 ± 11.9%). In contrast, the mean relative abundance of Legionella spp. trended higher in biofilm from cast iron reactors (0.5 ± 0.7%) than biofilm in cement reactors (0.01 ± 0.01%). These results suggest that pipe material is associated with differences in the diversity, bacterial composition, and opportunistic pathogen prevalence in biofilm of DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Lee
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory (WHAM Lab), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gennaro Calendo
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory (WHAM Lab), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristin Kopec
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory (WHAM Lab), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rebekah Henry
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Coutts
- Micromon, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather M. Murphy
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory (WHAM Lab), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory (WHAM Lab), Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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18
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Amaral-Zettler LA, Ballerini T, Zettler ER, Asbun AA, Adame A, Casotti R, Dumontet B, Donnarumma V, Engelmann JC, Frère L, Mansui J, Philippon M, Pietrelli L, Sighicelli M. Diversity and predicted inter- and intra-domain interactions in the Mediterranean Plastisphere. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117439. [PMID: 34438479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the biogeography, the presence and diversity of potentially harmful taxa harbored, and potential interactions between and within bacterial and eukaryotic domains of life on plastic debris in the Mediterranean. Using a combination of high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS), Causal Network Analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), we show regional differences and gradients in the Mediterranean microbial communities associated with marine litter, positive causal effects between microbes including between and within domains of life, and how these might impact the marine ecosystems surrounding them. Adjacent seas within the Mediterranean region showed a gradient in the microbial communities on plastic with non-overlapping endpoints (Adriatic and Ligurian Seas). The largest predicted inter-domain effects included positive effects of a novel red-algal Plastisphere member on its potential microbiome community. Freshwater and marine samples housed a diversity of fungi including some related to disease-causing microbes. Algal species related to those responsible for Harmful Blooms (HABs) were also observed on plastic pieces including members of genera not previously reported on Plastic Marine Debris (PMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Amaral-Zettler
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tosca Ballerini
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France; Thalassa - Marine Research and Science Communication, 40 Rue Francis Davso, 13001, Marseille, France
| | - Erik R Zettler
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Abdala Asbun
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Adame
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casotti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Dumontet
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | | | - Julia C Engelmann
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Laura Frère
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | - Jeremy Mansui
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | - Marion Philippon
- Association "Expédition MED" - Mer En Danger, 4, Allée des Avettes, 56230, Questembert, France
| | - Loris Pietrelli
- Chemistry Department - Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
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19
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Miao L, Wang C, Adyel TM, Zhao J, Yan N, Wu J, Hou J. Periphytic Biofilm Formation on Natural and Artificial Substrates: Comparison of Microbial Compositions, Interactions, and Functions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:684903. [PMID: 34381427 PMCID: PMC8350161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.684903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periphytic biofilms have been widely used in wastewater purification and water ecological restoration, and artificial substrates have been progressively used for periphyton immobilisation to substitute natural substrates. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the interaction network structure and microbial functions in biofilm communities on artificial substrates, which are essential attribute affecting their applications in biofilm immobilisation. This study compared the community structure, co-occurrence network, and metabolic functions of bacterial and microeukaryotic periphytic biofilms during a 35-day indoor cultivation on artificial substrates, such as artificial carbon fibre (ACF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and natural substrates, such as pebble and wood. Results demonstrated that different types of artificial substrates could affect the community composition and functional diversity of bacterial and microeukaryotic biofilms. The bacterial and microeukaryotic community on ACF and PVC showed significantly higher Simpson index compared to those on wood. Bacterial networks on artificial substrates were more complex than those on natural substrates, while the keystone species on natural substrates were more abundant, indicating that the bacterial communities on artificial substrates had stronger stability and resistance to external interference. Furthermore, the functional metabolic profiles predicted showed the abilities of bacterial communities to metabolise nitrogen and carbon sources colonised on artificial substrates were stronger than those on natural substrates. These findings demonstrated that artificial substrates could be special niches for microbial colonisation, possibly altering microbial compositions, interactions, and functions. Therefore, this study provides a powerful theoretical basis for choosing suitable artificial substrates for microbial aggregation and immobilisation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Zhou W, Li W, Chen J, Zhou Y, Wei Z, Gong L. Microbial diversity in full-scale water supply systems through sequencing technology: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25484-25496. [PMID: 35478887 PMCID: PMC9037190 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03680g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of microorganisms in full-scale water supply systems raises concerns about their pathogenicity and threats to public health. Clean tap water is essential for public health safety. The conditions of the water treatment process from the source water to tap water, including source water quality, water treatment processes, the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), and building water supply systems (BWSSs) in buildings, greatly influence the bacterial community in tap water. Given the importance of drinking water biosafety, the study of microbial diversity from source water to tap water is essential. With the development of molecular biology methods and bioinformatics in recent years, sequencing technology has been applied to study bacterial communities in full-scale water supply systems. In this paper, changes in the bacterial community and the influence of each treatment stage on microbial diversity in full-scale water supply systems are classified and analyzed. Microbial traceability analysis and control are discussed, and suggestions for future drinking water biosafety research and its prospects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China .,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Weiying Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China .,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Jiping Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Fuzhou Water Affairs Investment Development Co., Ltd. Fuzhou 350000 Fujian China
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21
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Pan R, Zhang K, Cen C, Zhou X, Xu J, Wu J, Wu X. Characteristics of biostability of drinking water in aged pipes after water source switching: ATP evaluation, biofilms niches and microbial community transition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116293. [PMID: 33412444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering quality-changed water often contributes to the biological instability of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). However, the potential effects of quality-changed water on the biostability within DWDS are not well understood, especially after water switching to quality-improved water. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of quality-improved water on DWDS, focusing on the stability of biofilm. The practical aged-pipe was assembled into pipe reactors to simulate the effect of switching to quality-improve water. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration of bulk water in the pipe reactors increased from ∼1.2 ng/L to almost above 5 ng/L when fed water switching to TP 2. Biomass quantified by measuring ATP concentration confirmed that the risk of biofilm release through aged cast-iron (CI) pipe surfaces after water source switching. The changes in water characteristics due to quality-improved water source could cause bacteria release in DWDS at the initial period (at the first 7 days). However, the DWDS can establish the new stable phase after 42 days. Over time, biomass in the bulk water of the distribution system decreased significantly (The ATP concentration in the bulk maintains around 3 ng/L) after 42 days, indicating the improvement of water quality. The biofilm was dominated by bacteria related to iron-cycling process, and at the genus level, Desulfovibrio had the highest relative abundance, however, it decreased significantly (from 48% to 9.3%) after water source switching. And there was a slightly increase in the fraction of iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) and siderophore-producing bacteria (SPB), but a relatively higher increase in nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB), nitrobacteria (NOB), and iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) was observed. Taken together, these results and the corrosion morphology, indicate that pipe biofilm and corrosion were chemically and microbially stable after re-stability under water source switching. In addition, the bulk water environment showed a marked decrease in selected bacteria at genus level, including pathogenic species, indicating the improvement of quality in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Pan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cheng Cen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Zhu Z, Shan L, Zhang X, Hu F, Zhong D, Yuan Y, Zhang J. Effects of bacterial community composition and structure in drinking water distribution systems on biofilm formation and chlorine resistance. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128410. [PMID: 33002803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Community-intrinsic properties affect the composition and function of a microbial community. Understanding the microbial community-intrinsic properties in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) could help to select disinfection strategies and aid in the prevention of waterborne infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the formation of multi-species biofilms in six groups, each consisting of four or five mixed bacterial strains isolated from a simulated DWDS, at different incubation times (24, 48, and 72 h). We then evaluated the chlorine resistance of the 72-h multi-species biofilms in the presence of 0.3, 0.6, 1, 2, 4, and 10 mg/L residual chlorine. Microbacterium laevaniformans inhibited the formation of multi-species biofilms, Sphingomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and A. deluvii had the effect of promoting their growth, and B. cereus has little effect on the growth of multi-species biofilms. However, these inhibition and promotion effects were weak and inadequate to completely control the growth of multi-species biofilms. All multi-species produced strong biofilms after 72 h incubation, which could be due to microbial community-intrinsic properties. Community-intrinsic properties could maintain high EPS production and cell-to-cell connections in multi-species biofilms, and could affect the formation of multi-species biofilms. The chlorine resistance of multi-species biofilms was significantly improved by B. cereus, but significantly reduced by M. laevaniformans. These results indicated that the microbial community-intrinsic properties were influenced by the environment. At a relatively low disinfectant concentration (<2 mg/L residual chlorine), the community-intrinsic properties were maintained; however, when the disinfectant concentration was increased to 2-4 mg/L residual chlorine, the community-intrinsic properties weakened, and significantly affected the resistance of the microbial communities to the disinfectant. With further increases in concentration, to >4 mg/L residual chlorine, no significant difference was observed in the disinfectant resistance of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Lili Shan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Fengping Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
| | - Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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23
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Feeding the Building Plumbing Microbiome: The Importance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials for Biofilm Formation and Management. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The environmental conditions in building plumbing systems differ considerably from the larger distribution system and, as a consequence, uncontrolled changes in the drinking water microbiome through selective growth can occur. In this regard, synthetic polymeric plumbing materials are of particular relevance, since they leach assimilable organic carbon that can be utilized for bacterial growth. Here, we discuss the complexity of building plumbing in relation to microbial ecology, especially in the context of low-quality synthetic polymeric materials (i.e., plastics) and highlight the major knowledge gaps in the field. We furthermore show how knowledge on the interaction between material properties (e.g., carbon migration) and microbiology (e.g., growth rate) allows for the quantification of initial biofilm development in buildings. Hence, research towards a comprehensive understanding of these processes and interactions will enable the implementation of knowledge-based management strategies. We argue that the exclusive use of high-quality materials in new building plumbing systems poses a straightforward strategy towards managing the building plumbing microbiome. This can be achieved through comprehensive material testing and knowledge sharing between all stakeholders including architects, planners, plumbers, material producers, home owners, and scientists.
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Douterelo I, Dutilh BE, Arkhipova K, Calero C, Husband S. Microbial diversity, ecological networks and functional traits associated to materials used in drinking water distribution systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115586. [PMID: 32065938 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water distribution systems host complex microbial communities as biofilms that interact continuously with delivered water. Understanding the diversity, behavioural and functional characteristics will be a requisite for developing future monitoring strategies and protection against water-borne health risks. To improve understanding, this study investigates mobilisation and accumulation behaviour, microbial community structure and functional variations of biofilms developing on different pipe materials from within an operational network. Samples were collected from four pipes during a repeated flushing operation three months after an initial visit that used hydraulic forces to mobilise regenerating biofilms yet without impacting the upstream network. To minimise confounding factors, test sections were chosen with comparable daily hydraulic regimes, physical dimensions, and all connected straight of a common trunk main and within close proximity, hence similar water chemistry, pressure and age. Taxonomical results showed differences in colonising communities between pipe materials, with several genera, including the bacteria Pseudomonas and the fungi Cladosporium, present in every sample. Diverse bacterial communities dominated compared to more homogeneous fungal, or mycobiome, community distribution. The analysis of bacterial/fungal networks based on relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) indicated microbial communities from cast iron pipes were more stable than communities from the non-ferrous pipe materials. Novel analysis of functional traits between all samples were found to be mainly associated to mobile genetic elements that play roles in determining links between cells, including phages, prophages, transposable elements, and plasmids. The use of functional traits can be considered for development in future surveillance methods, capable of delivering network condition information beyond that of limited conventional faecal indicator tests, that will help protect water quality and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Douterelo
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - B E Dutilh
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Hugo R. Kruytgebouw, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - K Arkhipova
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Hugo R. Kruytgebouw, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Calero
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - S Husband
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
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25
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Neu L, Proctor CR, Walser JC, Hammes F. Small-Scale Heterogeneity in Drinking Water Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2446. [PMID: 31736893 PMCID: PMC6828615 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm heterogeneity has been characterized on various scales for both natural and engineered ecosystems. This heterogeneity has been attributed to spatial differences in environmental factors. Understanding their impact on localized biofilm heterogeneity in building plumbing systems is important for both management and representative sampling strategies. We assessed heterogeneity within the confined engineered ecosystem of a shower hose by high-resolution sampling (200 individual biofilm sections per hose) on varying scales (μm to m). We postulated that a biofilm grown on a single material under uniform conditions should be homogeneous in its structure, bacterial numbers, and community composition. A biofilm grown for 12 months under controlled laboratory conditions, showed homogeneity on large-scale. However, some small-scale heterogeneity was clearly observed. For example, biofilm thickness of cm-sections varied up to 4-fold, total cell concentrations (TCC) 3-fold, and relative abundance of dominant taxa up to 5-fold. A biofilm grown under real (i.e., uncontrolled) use conditions developed considerably more heterogeneity in all variables which was attributed to more discontinuity in environmental conditions. Interestingly, biofilm communities from both hoses showed comparably low diversity, with <400 taxa each, and only three taxa accounting for 57%, respectively, 73% of the community. This low diversity was attributed to a strong selective pressure, originating in migrating carbon from the flexible hoses as major carbon source. High-resolution sampling strategy enabled detailed analysis of spatial heterogeneity within an individual drinking water biofilm. This study gives insight into biofilm structure and community composition on cm-to m-scale and is useful for decision-making on sampling strategies in biofilm research and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Neu
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin R. Proctor
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Schools of Civil, Environmental and Ecological, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Frederik Hammes
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Waak MB, Hozalski RM, Hallé C, LaPara TM. Comparison of the microbiomes of two drinking water distribution systems-with and without residual chloramine disinfection. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:87. [PMID: 31174608 PMCID: PMC6556008 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual disinfection is often used to suppress biological growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), but not without undesirable side effects. In this study, water-main biofilms, drinking water, and bacteria under corrosion tubercles were analyzed from a chloraminated DWDS (USA) and a no-residual DWDS (Norway). Using quantitative real-time PCR, we quantified bacterial 16S rRNA genes and ammonia monooxygenase genes (amoA) of Nitrosomonas oligotropha and ammonia-oxidizing archaea-organisms that may contribute to chloramine loss. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes were sequenced to assess community taxa and diversity. RESULTS The chloraminated DWDS had lower biofilm biomass (P=1×10-6) but higher N. oligotropha-like amoA genes (P=2×10-7) than the no-residual DWDS (medians =4.7×104 and 1.1×103amoA copies cm-2, chloraminated and no residual, respectively); archaeal amoA genes were only detected in the no-residual DWDS (median =2.8×104 copies cm-2). Unlike the no-residual DWDS, biofilms in the chloraminated DWDS had lower within-sample diversity than the corresponding drinking water (P<1×10-4). Chloramine was also associated with biofilms dominated by the genera, Mycobacterium and Nitrosomonas (≤91.7% and ≤39.6% of sequences, respectively). Under-tubercle communities from both systems contained corrosion-associated taxa, especially Desulfovibrio spp. (≤98.4% of sequences). CONCLUSIONS Although residual chloramine appeared to decrease biofilm biomass and alpha diversity as intended, it selected for environmental mycobacteria and Nitrosomonas oligotropha-taxa that may pose water quality challenges. Drinking water contained common freshwater plankton and did not resemble corresponding biofilm communities in either DWDS; monitoring of tap water alone may therefore miss significant constituents of the DWDS microbiome. Corrosion-associated Desulfovibrio spp. were observed under tubercles in both systems but were particularly dominant in the chloraminated DWDS, possibly due to the addition of sulfate from the coagulant alum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Waak
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, 55455 MN USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, S. P. Andersens veg 5, Trondheim, 7491 Norway
| | - Raymond M. Hozalski
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, 55455 MN USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, 55108 MN USA
| | - Cynthia Hallé
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, S. P. Andersens veg 5, Trondheim, 7491 Norway
| | - Timothy M. LaPara
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, 55455 MN USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, 55108 MN USA
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27
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Zhang G, Li B, Guo F, Liu J, Luan M, Liu Y, Guan Y. Taxonomic relatedness and environmental pressure synergistically drive the primary succession of biofilm microbial communities in reclaimed wastewater distribution systems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:25-37. [PMID: 30639905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compared to drinking water, the higher bacterial abundance, diversity, and organic matter concentration in reclaimed wastewater suggest that it is more likely to form biofilms. Nevertheless, little is known regarding many important aspects of the biofilm ecology in reclaimed wastewater distribution systems (RWDS), such as the long-term microbial community succession and the underlying driving factors. In the present study, by sampling and analysing microbial compositions of pipe wall biofilms from six frequently used pipe materials under NaClOdisinfection (sodium hypochlorite-treated), NONdisinfection (without disinfection), and UVdisinfection (UV-treated) treatments over one year, it was found that the succession of microbial community structure followed a primary succession pattern. This primary succession pattern was reflected as increases in live cell number and α-diversity, along with metagenic succession in taxonomic composition. Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia comprised the dominant phyla in biofilm samples. Compared to biofilms in the NaClOdisinfection reactor, the bacterial communities of biofilms in NONdisinfection and UVdisinfection reactors were distributed more evenly among different bacterial phyla. Principal component analysis revealed a clear temporal pattern of microbial community structures in six kinds of pipe wall biofilms albeit a difference in microbial community structures among the three reactors. Adonis testing indicated that the microbial community composition variation caused by disinfection methods (R2 = 0.283, P < 0.01) was more pronounced than that from the time variable (R2 = 0.070, P < 0.01) and pipe material (R2 = 0.057, P < 0.01). Significantly positive correlation between average local abundance and occupancy was observed in biofilm communities of the three reactors, suggesting that the 'core-satellite' model could be applied to identify biofilm-preferential species under specific disinfection conditions in RWDS. The prevalence of family Sphingomonadaceae, known to show chlorine tolerance and powerful biofilm-forming ability in NaClOdisinfection reactors, evidenced the habitat filtering consequent to environment pressure. Correlation-based network analysis revealed that taxonomic relatedness such as similar niches, cooperation, taxa overdispersion, and competition all functioned toward driving the bacterial assembly succession in RWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Liu L, Xing X, Hu C, Wang H. O 3-BAC-Cl 2: A multi-barrier process controlling the regrowth of opportunistic waterborne pathogens in drinking water distribution systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:142-153. [PMID: 30528006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simulated drinking water distribution system (DWDS) treated with O3-BAC-Cl2 (ozone-biological activated carbon-chlorine) was constructed to study its effects on the regrowth of five typical opportunistic pathogens (OPs). It was found that O3-BAC-Cl2 could significantly reduce the regrowth of target OPs in the effluents of DWDS compared with Cl2 and O3-Cl2 with the same residual chlorine levels. However, the effect of O3-BAC-Cl2 on the average numbers of target OPs gene markers in the biofilms of DWDS was not apparent, suggesting that OPs in the biofilms of DWDS were tolerant to the upstream disinfection process. The quantification of target OPs in the BAC-filter column demonstrated that OPs decreased with the increase of depth, which was likely due to the organic nutrient gradient and microbial competition inside the BAC-filter. Increase in the ozone dose could further reduce the OPs at the bottom of the BAC-filter. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that some significant correlations existed between target microorganisms, suggesting potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, our results demonstrated that the BAC-filter may act as a "battlefield" suppressing the OPs through microbial competition. O3-BAC-Cl2 could be an effective multi-barrier process to suppress the proliferation of OPs in the bulk water of DWDS. However, OPs protected by the biofilms of DWDS should receive further attention because OPs may be detached and released from the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueci Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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29
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Zhang M, Chen S, Gnegy M, Ye C, Lin W, Lin H, Yu X. Environmental strains potentially contribute to the proliferation and maintenance of antibiotic resistance in drinking water: A case study of Cupriavidus metallidurans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:819-826. [PMID: 29960223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fitness costs of antibiotic resistance detrimentally affect the fate of resistance carriers. Intriguingly, numerous antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have been detected despite the low concentration of antibiotics in drinking water. To reveal the causes of this discrepancy, we investigated the fitness cost of antimicrobial resistance in strain Cupriavidus metallidurans CR2 which was isolated from a drinking water filter. Pure culture and 1:1 competitive experiments were established at different nutrient levels. The growth rates of strain C. metallidurans CR2 significantly decreased when pure cultured under poor nutrient conditions, however, the multi-resistance and the resistance megaplasmids were well maintained. Competitiveness costs were observed in C. metallidurans when separately co-cultured with environmentally-isolated Flectobacillus BS1 and Pseudomonas sp. S3, while C. metallidurans was outnumbered by the rivals with a decrease of 1-2 logs. But the majority of C. metallidurans retained the plasmids under oligotrophic conditions even after 144 h (1.99 and 0.199 mg C/L). Additionally, C. metallidurans CR2 has a higher tolerance to chlorine and chloramine, which potentially could become prevalent in the subsequent distribution systems other than drinking water treatment plant. As a potential pathogen, the prevalence of Cupriavidus metallidurans in drinking water would also pose certain threats to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mariah Gnegy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Douterelo I, Fish KE, Boxall JB. Succession of bacterial and fungal communities within biofilms of a chlorinated drinking water distribution system. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:74-85. [PMID: 29778067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the temporal dynamics of multi-species biofilms in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) is essential to ensure safe, high quality water reaches consumers after it passes through these high surface area reactors. This research studied the succession characteristics of fungal and bacterial communities under controlled environmental conditions fully representative of operational DWDS. Microbial communities were observed to increase in complexity after one month of biofilm development but they did not reach stability after three months. Changes in cell numbers were faster at the start of biofilm formation and tended to decrease over time, despite the continuing changes in bacterial community composition. Fungal diversity was markedly less than bacterial diversity and had a lag in responding to temporal dynamics. A core-mixed community of bacteria including Pseudomonas, Massillia and Sphingomonas and the fungi Acremonium and Neocosmopora were present constantly and consistently in the biofilms over time and conditions studied. Monitoring and managing biofilms and such ubiquitous core microbial communities are key control strategies to ensuring the delivery of safe drinking water via the current ageing DWDS infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Douterelo
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Mappin Street, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - K E Fish
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Mappin Street, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - J B Boxall
- Pennine Water Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Mappin Street, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
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31
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Xing X, Wang H, Hu C, Liu L. Characterization of bacterial community and iron corrosion in drinking water distribution systems with O 3-biological activated carbon treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 69:192-204. [PMID: 29941255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial community structure and iron corrosion were investigated for simulated drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) composed of annular reactors incorporating three different treatments: ozone, biologically activated carbon and chlorination (O3-BAC-Cl2); ozone and chlorination (O3-Cl2); or chlorination alone (Cl2). The lowest corrosion rate and iron release, along with more Fe3O4 formation, occurred in DWDSs with O3-BAC-Cl2 compared to those without a BAC filter. It was verified that O3-BAC influenced the bacterial community greatly to promote the relative advantage of nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) in DWDSs. Moreover, the advantaged NRB induced active Fe(III) reduction coupled to Fe(II) oxidation, enhancing Fe3O4 formation and inhibiting corrosion. In addition, O3-BAC pretreatment could reduce high-molecular-weight fractions of dissolved organic carbon effectively to promote iron particle aggregation and inhibit further iron release. Our findings indicated that the O3-BAC treatment, besides removing organic pollutants in water, was also a good approach for controlling cast iron corrosion and iron release in DWDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueci Xing
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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Chen J, Li N, Xie S, Chen C. Biofilm and planktonic bacterial communities in a drinking water distribution system supplied with untreated groundwater. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1323-1331. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Kotlarz N, Rockey N, Olson TM, Haig SJ, Sanford L, LiPuma JJ, Raskin L. Biofilms in Full-Scale Drinking Water Ozone Contactors Contribute Viable Bacteria to Ozonated Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2618-2628. [PMID: 29299927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of viable microbial cells were monitored using culture-based and culture-independent methods across multichamber ozone contactors in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Membrane-intact and culturable cell concentrations in ozone contactor effluents ranged from 1200 to 3750 cells/mL and from 200 to 3850 colony forming units/mL, respectively. Viable cell concentrations decreased significantly in the first ozone contact chamber, but rose, even as ozone exposure increased, in subsequent chambers. Our results implicate microbial detachment from biofilms on contactor surfaces, and from biomass present within lime softening sediments in a hydraulic dead zone, as a possible reason for increasing cell concentrations in water samples from sequential ozone chambers. Biofilm community structures on baffle walls upstream and downstream from the dead zone were significantly different from each other ( p = 0.017). The biofilms downstream of the dead zone contained a significantly ( p = 0.036) higher relative abundance of bacteria of the genera Mycobacterium and Legionella than the upstream biofilms. These results have important implications as the effluent from ozone contactors is often treated further in biologically active filters and bacteria in ozonated water continuously seed filter microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kotlarz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Nicole Rockey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Terese M Olson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Sarah-Jane Haig
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Larry Sanford
- Drinking Water Treatment Utility, Ann Arbor , Michigan 48103 , United States
| | - John J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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García-Calvo L, Ullán RV, Fernández-Aguado M, García-Lino AM, Balaña-Fouce R, Barreiro C. Secreted protein extract analyses present the plant pathogen Alternaria alternata as a suitable industrial enzyme toolbox. J Proteomics 2018; 177:48-64. [PMID: 29438850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic plant biomass is the most abundant carbon source in the planet, which makes it a potential substrate for biorefinery. It consists of polysaccharides and other molecules with applications in pharmaceutical, food and feed, cosmetics, paper and textile industries. The exploitation of these resources requires the hydrolysis of the plant cell wall, which is a complex process. Aiming to discover novel fungal natural isolates with lignocellulolytic capacities, a screening for feruloyl esterase activity was performed in samples taken from different metal surfaces. An extracellular enzyme extract from the most promising candidate, the natural isolate Alternaria alternata PDA1, was analyzed. The feruloyl esterase activity of the enzyme extract was characterized, determining the pH and temperature optima (pH 5.0 and 55-60 °C, respectively), thermal stability and kinetic parameters, among others. Proteomic analyses derived from two-dimensional gels allowed the identification and classification of 97 protein spots from the extracellular proteome. Most of the identified proteins belonged to the carbohydrates metabolism group, particularly plant cell wall degradation. Enzymatic activities of the identified proteins (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, β-xylosidase and xylanase) of the extract were also measured. These findings confirm A. alternata PDA1 as a promising lignocellulolytic enzyme producer. SIGNIFICANCE Although plant biomass is an abundant material that can be potentially utilized by several industries, the effective hydrolysis of the recalcitrant plant cell wall is not a straightforward process. As this hydrolysis occurs in nature relying almost solely on microbial enzymatic systems, it is reasonable to infer that further studies on lignocellulolytic enzymes will discover new sustainable industrial solutions. The results included in this paper provide a promising fungal candidate for biotechnological processes to obtain added value from plant byproducts and analogous substrates. Moreover, the proteomic analysis of the secretome of a natural isolate of Alternaria sp. grown in the presence of one of the most used vegetal substrates on the biofuels industry (sugar beet pulp) sheds light on the extracellular enzymatic machinery of this fungal plant pathogen, and can be potentially applied to developing new industrial enzymatic tools. This work is, to our knowledge, the first to analyze in depth the secreted enzyme extract of the plant pathogen Alternaria when grown on a lignocellulosic substrate, identifying its proteins by means of MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and characterizing its feruloyl esterase, cellulase and xylanolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L García-Calvo
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006 León, Spain
| | - R V Ullán
- mAbxience, Upstream Production, Parque Tecnológico de León, Julia Morros, s/n, Armunia, 24009 León, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Aguado
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006 León, Spain
| | - A M García-Lino
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - R Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - C Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León, 24006 León, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada, Avda. Astorga s/n, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain.
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35
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Chen W, Gu Y, Xu H, Liu Z, Lu C, Lin C. Variation of microbial communities and functional genes during the biofilm formation in raw water distribution systems and associated effects on the transformation of nitrogen pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15347-15359. [PMID: 28502052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the variation of microbial communities and functional genes during the biofilm formation in raw water distribution systems without prechlorination and associated effects on the transformation of nitrogen pollutants by using a designed model pipe system. The results showed the transformation of nitrogen pollutants was obvious during the biofilm formation. The richness and diversity of the microbial communities changed significantly. The higher abundance of Nitrospirae in biofilm samples significantly contributed to biological nitrification. In particular, the stable content of Bacteroidetes in the biofilm and soluble microbial products released by the biomass might have enhanced the increase in dissolved organic nitrogen. In addition, the variation tendency of nitrogen functional gene abundances and their strong effects on NH4+-N, NO2--N, and NO3--N transformation were clearly observed. These findings provide new insights into the evolution of microbial communities and functional genes during the initial operation period of real-world raw water distribution pipes and highlight management and possible safety issues in the subsequent water treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yanmei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chunhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenshuo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Ilhan-Sungur E, Ozuolmez D, Çotuk A, Cansever N, Muyzer G. Isolation of a sulfide-producing bacterial consortium from cooling-tower water: Evaluation of corrosive effects on galvanized steel. Anaerobe 2017; 43:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Farenhorst A, Li R, Jahan M, Tun HM, Mi R, Amarakoon I, Kumar A, Khafipour E. Bacteria in drinking water sources of a First Nation reserve in Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:813-819. [PMID: 27693149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of the 600 First Nations reserves across Canada are under a drinking water advisory, often due to unacceptable levels of bacteria. In this study, we detected fecal bacteria at an alarmingly high frequency in drinking water sources in a fly-in First Nations community, most notably in buckets/drums of homes without running water where Escherichia coli levels ranged from 20 to 62,000CFU/100mL. The water leaving the water treatment plant was free of E. coli and its free residual chlorine concentration (0.67mg/L) was within the range typically observed for treated water in Canada. Water samples from taps in homes served by cisterns, and those sampled from the water truck and community standpipe, always showed unacceptable levels of E. coli (1 to 2100CFU/100mL) and free residual chlorine concentrations below the 0.2mg/L required to prevent bacterial regrowth. Samples from taps in homes served by piped water had lower levels of E. coli (0 to 2CFU/100mL). DNA- and RNA-based 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing demonstrated that piped and cisterns water distribution systems showed an abundance of viable cells of Alphaproteobacteria indicative of biofilm formation in pipes and cisterns. The alpha diversity, based on observed OTUs and three other indices, was lowest in water truck samples that supplied water to the cistern and the low free residual chlorine concentration (0.07mg/L) and predominance of Betaproteobacteria (63% of viable cells) that were immediately detected after the truck had filled up at the water treatment plant was indicative of contamination by particulate matter. Given these findings, First Nation residents living without running water and relying on inadequate water distribution systems are at higher risk of contracting water-born illnesses. We urge all governments in Canada to expand their investments in supporting and sustaining water as a human right in Canada's First Nations communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Farenhorst
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Musarrat Jahan
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hein Min Tun
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ruidong Mi
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Inoka Amarakoon
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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38
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Biofouling and in situ electrochemical cleaning of a boron-doped diamond free chlorine sensor. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ng TW, Huang G, Wong PK. Investigation of drinking water bacterial community through high-throughput sequencing. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 37:154-156. [PMID: 26574098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wai Ng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Guocheng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Po Keung Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Ashbolt NJ. Environmental (Saprozoic) Pathogens of Engineered Water Systems: Understanding Their Ecology for Risk Assessment and Management. Pathogens 2015; 4:390-405. [PMID: 26102291 PMCID: PMC4493481 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major waterborne (enteric) pathogens are relatively well understood and treatment controls are effective when well managed. However, water-based, saprozoic pathogens that grow within engineered water systems (primarily within biofilms/sediments) cannot be controlled by water treatment alone prior to entry into water distribution and other engineered water systems. Growth within biofilms or as in the case of Legionella pneumophila, primarily within free-living protozoa feeding on biofilms, results from competitive advantage. Meaning, to understand how to manage water-based pathogen diseases (a sub-set of saprozoses) we need to understand the microbial ecology of biofilms; with key factors including biofilm bacterial diversity that influence amoebae hosts and members antagonistic to water-based pathogens, along with impacts from biofilm substratum, water temperature, flow conditions and disinfectant residual—all control variables. Major saprozoic pathogens covering viruses, bacteria, fungi and free-living protozoa are listed, yet today most of the recognized health burden from drinking waters is driven by legionellae, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and, to a lesser extent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In developing best management practices for engineered water systems based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) or water safety plan (WSP) approaches, multi-factor control strategies, based on quantitative microbial risk assessments need to be developed, to reduce disease from largely opportunistic, water-based pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Ashbolt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Rm 3-57D South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada.
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Proctor CR, Hammes F. Drinking water microbiology — from measurement to management. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Wu H, Zhang J, Mi Z, Xie S, Chen C, Zhang X. Biofilm bacterial communities in urban drinking water distribution systems transporting waters with different purification strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1947-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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