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Behrooz AB, Cordani M, Fiore A, Donadelli M, Gordon JW, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. The obesity-autophagy-cancer axis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:24-44. [PMID: 38309540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-degradative process vital for cellular homeostasis, plays a significant role in adipose tissue metabolism and tumorigenesis. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between autophagy, obesity, and cancer development, with a specific emphasis on how obesity-driven changes affect the regulation of autophagy and subsequent implications for cancer risk. The burgeoning epidemic of obesity underscores the relevance of this research, particularly given the established links between obesity, autophagy, and various cancers. Our exploration delves into hormonal influence, notably INS (insulin) and LEP (leptin), on obesity and autophagy interactions. Further, we draw attention to the latest findings on molecular factors linking obesity to cancer, including hormonal changes, altered metabolism, and secretory autophagy. We posit that targeting autophagy modulation may offer a potent therapeutic approach for obesity-associated cancer, pointing to promising advancements in nanocarrier-based targeted therapies for autophagy modulation. However, we also recognize the challenges inherent to these approaches, particularly concerning their precision, control, and the dual roles autophagy can play in cancer. Future research directions include identifying novel biomarkers, refining targeted therapies, and harmonizing these approaches with precision medicine principles, thereby contributing to a more personalized, effective treatment paradigm for obesity-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Pellikaan K, Nguyen NQC, Rosenberg AGW, Coupaye M, Goldstone AP, Høybye C, Markovic T, Grugni G, Crinò A, Caixàs A, Poitou C, Corripio R, Nieuwenhuize RM, van der Lely AJ, de Graaff LCG. Malignancies in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Results From a Large International Cohort and Literature Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1720-e1730. [PMID: 37267430 PMCID: PMC10655548 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex disorder combining hypothalamic dysfunction, neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and hyperphagia with risk of obesity and its complications. PWS is caused by the loss of expression of the PWS critical region, a cluster of paternally expressed genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13. As life expectancy of patients with PWS increases, age-related diseases like malignancies might pose a new threat to health. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malignancies in patients with PWS and to provide clinical recommendations for cancer screening. METHODS We included 706 patients with PWS (160 children, 546 adults). We retrospectively collected data from medical records on past or current malignancies, the type of malignancy, and risk factors for malignancy. Additionally, we searched the literature for information about the relationship between genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13 and malignancies. RESULTS Seven adults (age range, 18-55 years) had been diagnosed with a malignancy (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, intracranial hemangiopericytoma, melanoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, biliary cancer, parotid adenocarcinoma, and colon cancer). All patients with a malignancy had a paternal 15q11-13 deletion. The literature review showed that several genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13 are related to malignancies. CONCLUSION Malignancies are rare in patients with PWS. Therefore, screening for malignancies is only indicated when clinically relevant symptoms are present, such as unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, symptoms suggestive of paraneoplastic syndrome, or localizing symptoms. Given the increased cancer risk associated with obesity, which is common in PWS, participation in national screening programs should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Pellikaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Q C Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G W Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Rare Diseases Center of Reference ‘Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity with Eating Disorders’ (PRADORT), Nutrition Department, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics, F75013 Paris, France
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
| | - Anthony P Goldstone
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charlotte Høybye
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tania Markovic
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- Metabolism & Obesity Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Graziano Grugni
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20095 Piancavallo VB, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- Reference Center for Prader-Willi syndrome, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Research Institute, 00165 Palidoro (Rome), Italy
| | - Assumpta Caixàs
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT) and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Rare Diseases Center of Reference ‘Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity with Eating Disorders’ (PRADORT), Nutrition Department, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics, F75013 Paris, France
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Research and Innovation Institute Parc Taulí I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rosa M Nieuwenhuize
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
| | - Laura C G de Graaff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
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Ayed K, Nabi L, Akrout R, Mrizak H, Gorrab A, Bacha D, Boussen H, Gati A. Obesity and cancer: focus on leptin. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08525-y. [PMID: 37227675 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, obesity has grown to epidemic proportions worldwide. It has been associated with an increased risk for different types of cancer. In addition, obesity has been associated with a poor prognosis, an increased risk of metastasis and mortality, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer connection have not yet been fully elucidated. However, this connection could result, at least in part, from the action of adipokines, whose levels are increased in obesity. Among these adipokines, evidence suggests leptin's critical role in linking obesity to cancer. In this review, we first summarize the current state of the literature regarding the implication of leptin in tumorigenic processes. Next, we focus on the effects of leptin on the anti-tumor immune response. Then, we discuss the influence of leptin on the efficiency of antineoplastic treatments and the development of tumor resistance. Finally, we highlight the use of leptin as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Ayed
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamis Nabi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Akrout
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Mrizak
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amal Gorrab
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Bacha
- Anatomopathology Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Asma Gati
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Li LR, Song JL, Liu HQ, Chen C. Metabolic syndrome and thyroid Cancer: risk, prognosis, and mechanism. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 36811728 PMCID: PMC9947216 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) cannot be fully explained by overdiagnosis. Metabolic syndrome (Met S) is highly prevalent due to the modern lifestyle, which can lead to the development of tumors. This review expounds on the relationship between Met S and TC risk, prognosis and its possible biological mechanism. Met S and its components were associated with an increased risk and aggressiveness of TC, and there were gender differences in most studies. Abnormal metabolism places the body in a state of chronic inflammation for a long time, and thyroid-stimulating hormones may initiate tumorigenesis. Insulin resistance has a central role assisted by adipokines, angiotensin II, and estrogen. Together, these factors contribute to the progression of TC. Therefore, direct predictors of metabolic disorders (e.g., central obesity, insulin resistance and apolipoprotein levels) are expected to become new markers for diagnosis and prognosis. cAMP, insulin-like growth factor axis, angiotensin II, and AMPK-related signaling pathways could provide new targets for TC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Rui Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun-Long Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jieang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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5
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Xiao R, Ni C, Cai Y, Zhou Y, Gong X, Xie K, You J. Prevalence and impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2023; 80:619-629. [PMID: 36696026 PMCID: PMC9875189 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) was possibly among the risk factors for thyroid carcinoma. It is uncertain whether NAFLD is associated with the aggressiveness of PTC. METHODS We obtained data on patients with PTC who had undergone surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2020 and February 2022. Pre-and post-operative data were obtained from electronic medical records and analyzed. Patients were split into two groups based on the NAFLD diagnostic criteria and compared using univariate and multivariate analysis through a logistic regression model. RESULTS In all, 3468 patients with PTC were included in this study, of which 594 (17.1%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. NAFLD was found to be an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.285 95% CI: 1.052-1.570), incidence of BRAF V600E mutation (OR = 1.504, 95% CI: 1.148-1.972) and later tumor stage at diagnosis (OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.700-3.139) in PTC. The association mentioned above remained significant in subgroups of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), hypertension, diabetes (DM), high triglyceride (TG) levels, low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and high body mass index (BMI). In subgroup of female rather than male, NAFLD was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.638 95% CI: 1.264-2.123), incidence of BRAF V600E mutation (OR = 1.973, 95% CI: 1.368-2.846) as well as later tumor stage (OR = 2.825, 95% CI: 1.964-4.063) in PTC. However, NAFLD was not a risk factor for the larger tumor size (>1 cm), extra-thyroidal extension (ETE), or multifocality in PTC. CONCLUSION Our cross-sectional study indicated that there is a strong association of NAFLD with higher incidence of lymph node metastasis, higher incidence of BRAF V600E mutation and later TNM stage than non-NAFLD in females with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Xiao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunjue Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yili Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Keyue Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Jie You
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Edwards ER, Hazkani I, Stein E, Josefson JL, Samis JH, Miller JL, Rastatter J. Total Thyroidectomy and Subsequent Weight Gain in Pediatric Populations. Laryngoscope 2022; 133:1518-1523. [PMID: 36537365 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate weight gain in children post-thyroidectomy and identify predictors. METHODS Charts from patients at a tertiary health care facility who underwent total thyroidectomy from 2014 to 2020 were reviewed for Body Mass Index z-scores (BMIz) at the time of thyroidectomy and at 1 and 2-year post-operation intervals. Patient demographic information, comorbidities, pre- and postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone, and postoperative free T4 levels were also extracted. Patients with other known endocrine abnormalities, chronic kidney disease, or without sufficient follow-up were excluded. RESULTS A total of 56 patients (ages 3-17 years old) met the inclusion criteria (n = 17 Graves' disease; n = 39 presumed cancer). Over the first year, average BMIz significantly increased in patients with Graves' disease (∆BMIz = 0.45 ± 0.77, p = 0.03), Hispanic ethnicity (∆BMIz = 0.43 ± 0.68, p = 0.004), Medicaid/no insurance coverage (∆BMIz = 0.33 ± 0.74, p = 0.038), age <13 years at thyroidectomy (∆BMIz = 0.35 ± 0.68, p = 0.016), and persistent postoperative hypothyroidism (∆BMIz = 0.41 ± 0.41, p = 0.012). These changes remained significant after the second year. Age at thyroidectomy correlated negatively with ∆BMIz only after the first year (r = -0.40, p = 0.002). Regression analysis, controlling for Graves' status, persistent postoperative hypothyroidism, and insurance coverage, identified age at thyroidectomy as a significant predictor of ∆BMIz after the first year (b = -0.06, p = 0.004) and Hispanic ethnicity as a significant predictor after the second year (b = 0.60, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION A small increase in BMIz post-thyroidectomy was observed across several patient subgroups. Younger age at thyroidectomy and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with increased BMIz in the first 2 years post-thyroidectomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4 - Historically controlled cohort Laryngoscope, 133:1518-1523, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R. Edwards
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Inbal Hazkani
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Eli Stein
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jami L. Josefson
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jill H. Samis
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jennifer L. Miller
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jeffrey Rastatter
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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7
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Francis N, Borniger JC. Cancer as a homeostatic challenge: the role of the hypothalamus. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:903-914. [PMID: 34561122 PMCID: PMC9901368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The initiation, progression, and metastatic spread of cancer elicits diverse changes in systemic physiology. In this way, cancer represents a novel homeostatic challenge to the host system. Here, we discuss how the hypothalamus, a critical brain region involved in homeostasis senses, integrates and responds to cancer-induced changes in physiology. Through this lens, cancer-associated changes in behavior (e.g., sleep disruption) and physiology (e.g., glucocorticoid dysregulation) can be viewed as the result of an inability to re-establish homeostasis. We provide examples at each level (receptor sensing, integration of systemic signals, and efferent regulatory pathways) of how homeostatic organization becomes disrupted across different cancers. Finally, we lay out predictions of this hypothesis and highlight outstanding questions that aim to guide further work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Francis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Rd., Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Rd., Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724,Correspondence:
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8
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Walczak K, Sieminska L. Obesity and Thyroid Axis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189434. [PMID: 34574358 PMCID: PMC8467528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of obesity is primarily the result of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones influence energy expenditure by regulating cellular respiration and thermogenesis and by determining resting metabolic rate. Triiodothyronine influences lipid turnover in adipocytes and impacts appetite regulation through the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormone may also influence thermogenesis, suppress appetite and regulate lipid storage through lipolysis and lipogenesis control. Subclinical hypothyroidism may induce changes in basal metabolic rate with subsequent increase in BMI, but obesity can also affect thyroid function via several mechanisms such as lipotoxicity and changes in adipokines and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The present study investigated the complex and mutual relationships between the thyroid axis and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Walczak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Sieminska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
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9
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Nigro E, Orlandella FM, Polito R, Mariniello RM, Monaco ML, Mallardo M, De Stefano AE, Iervolino PLC, Salvatore G, Daniele A. Adiponectin and leptin exert antagonizing effects on proliferation and motility of papillary thyroid cancer cell lines. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:237-248. [PMID: 33587254 PMCID: PMC8121733 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) and leptin, adipokines produced and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, are involved in human carcinogenesis. Thyroid carcinomas are frequent endocrine cancers, and several evidences suggest that they are correlated with obesity. In this study, we first analyzed the expression levels and prognostic values of Acrp30, leptin, and their receptors in thyroid cancer cells. Then, we investigated the role of Acrp30 and leptin in proliferation, migration, and invasion. We found that Acrp30 treatment alone inhibits cell proliferation and cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner; leptin alone does not influence thyroid cancer cells (BCPAP and K1) proliferation, but the combined treatment reverts Acrp30-induced effects on cell proliferation. Additionally, through wound healing and Matrigel Matrix invasion assays, we unveiled that Acrp30 inhibits thyroid cancer cell motility, while leptin induces the opposite effect. Importantly, in the combined treatment, Acrp30 and leptin exert antagonizing effects on papillary thyroid cancer cells’ migration and invasion in both BCPAP and K1 cell lines. Highlights of these studies suggest that Acrp30 and leptin could represent therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the management of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy.,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaela Mariarosaria Mariniello
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope,", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Ludovica Monaco
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Mallardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Elisa De Stefano
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope,", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Chiara Iervolino
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II,", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana Salvatore
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy. .,IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Napoli, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope,", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy. .,CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.
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10
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Zhao J, Wen J, Wang S, Yao J, Liao L, Dong J. Association between adipokines and thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:788. [PMID: 32819324 PMCID: PMC7441682 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of thyroid carcinoma is increasing all over the world. Some studies have suggested that the change of adipokines expression can induce thyroid carcinoma. However, other studies have come to the opposite conclusion. Therefore, we studied the relationship between adipokines and thyroid carcinoma. Methods Databases—PubMed, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and clinical trial registries were searched. A meta-analysis was then performed through a fixed or random-effects model to calculate I values for heterogeneity analysis. Results Twenty-nine articles were finally included for analysis. The level of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [standardized mean difference (SMD) =1.31, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.35 to 2.28, I2 = 98%, P = 0.008] and the ratio of TNF-α immunoreactivity in tissues [odds ratios (OR) =6.36, 95% CI: 1.92 to 21.05, I2 = 66%, P = 0.002] in thyroid carcinoma are significantly higher than those in control. The serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with thyroid carcinoma is higher than that in control (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.67, I2 = 96%, P = 0.001). There is no significant difference of the ratio of IL-6 immunoreactivity in tissues between carcinoma and control (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.62 to 2.43, I2 = 86%, P = 0.55). The ratio of leptin immunoreactivity in tissues is significantly associated with the risk of thyroid carcinoma (OR = 12.21, 95% CI: 3.36 to 44.40, I2 = 85%, P < 0.00001). However, after analyzing the expression level of serum adiponectin in three studies, no significant difference is found between thyroid carcinoma and the control (P = 0.81). Conclusions Adipokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin) show a strong relationship between elevated concentrations (in serum and/or tissue) and thyroid carcinoma. However, the association between adiponectin and thyroid carcinoma needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, 250014, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250014, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji-nan, 250000, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji-nan, 250014, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, 250014, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250014, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, 250014, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250014, China.
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250012, China.
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11
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Barrea L, Gallo M, Ruggeri RM, Giacinto PD, Sesti F, Prinzi N, Adinolfi V, Barucca V, Renzelli V, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Baldelli R. Nutritional status and follicular-derived thyroid cancer: An update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:25-59. [PMID: 31997660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has been increasing in the last decades all over the world. Such a steady growth cannot be entirely attributable to more intensive thyroid nodule screening and more sensitive diagnostic procedures. Several environmental factors have changed with sufficient rapidity in the same time frame and may represent credible candidates for this increase. They include modified iodine intake, lifestyle-associated risk factors, exposure to various toxic compounds, pollutants and xenobiotics, nutritional deficiencies, eating habits and comorbidities. Foremost, nutritional patterns have gained high interest as possible promoters and modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer in recent years. The aim of this narrative review is to focus on the relationship between thyroid cancer and nutritional factors, dietary habits and obesity. Low iodine intake has been associated to increased risk of thyroid cancer, favoring the development of more aggressive histotypes. Moreover, correction of iodine deficiency can shift thyroid cancer subtypes toward less aggressive forms, without affecting the overall risk for cancer. Actually, evidence regarding the association between selenium and vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer is very limited, despite their well-known anti-cancer potentials, and the clinical usefulness of their supplementation is still uncertain in this setting. Albeit the relationship between single foods and thyroid cancer is difficult to examine, fish and iodine-rich foods, vegetables, and fruits might exert protective effects on thyroid cancer risk. Conversely, no clear association has been found for other foods to date. Lastly, a clear association between obesity and the risk of thyroid cancer, with more aggressive behavior, seems to emerge from most studies, likely involving variations in thyroid function and chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines, insulin, leptin and adiponectins. Although no definite association between dietary factors and thyroid cancer has been firmly established so far, some nutritional patterns, together with excessive weight, seem to play a relevant role in thyroid cancer carcinogenesis as well as in its severity and aggressiveness. These effects may play an additive role to the well-established one exerted by environmental carcinogens, such as pollutants and radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Di Giacinto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, ENETS Center of Excellence, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Adinolfi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, ASL Verbano Cusio Ossola, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Viola Barucca
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Renzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Baldelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
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12
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Castejón M, Plaza A, Martinez-Romero J, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, de Cabo R, Diaz-Ruiz A. Energy Restriction and Colorectal Cancer: A Call for Additional Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:E114. [PMID: 31906264 PMCID: PMC7019819 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Colorectal cancer has the second highest cancer-related mortality rate, with an estimated 881,000 deaths worldwide in 2018. The urgent need to reduce the incidence and mortality rate requires innovative strategies to improve prevention, early diagnosis, prognostic biomarkers, and treatment effectiveness. Caloric restriction (CR) is known as the most robust nutritional intervention that extends lifespan and delays the progression of age-related diseases, with remarkable results for cancer protection. Other forms of energy restriction, such as periodic fasting, intermittent fasting, or fasting-mimicking diets, with or without reduction of total calorie intake, recapitulate the effects of chronic CR and confer a wide range of beneficial effects towards health and survival, including anti-cancer properties. In this review, the known molecular, cellular, and organismal effects of energy restriction in oncology will be discussed. Energy-restriction-based strategies implemented in colorectal models and clinical trials will be also revised. While energy restriction constitutes a promising intervention for the prevention and treatment of several malignant neoplasms, further investigations are essential to dissect the interplay between fundamental aspects of energy intake, such as feeding patterns, fasting length, or diet composition, with all of them influencing health and disease or cancer effects. Currently, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of different forms of fasting to fight cancer, particularly colorectal cancer, should still be contemplated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castejón
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (R.d.C.)
| | - Adrian Plaza
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (P.J.F.-M.)
| | - Jorge Martinez-Romero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI, UAM/CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pablo Jose Fernandez-Marcos
- Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (P.J.F.-M.)
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (R.d.C.)
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging Program, Institute IMDEA Food (CEI UAM+CSIC), Crta. de Canto Blanco nº 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (R.d.C.)
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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13
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Malvia S, Bagadi SAR, Pradhan D, Chintamani C, Bhatnagar A, Arora D, Sarin R, Saxena S. Study of Gene Expression Profiles of Breast Cancers in Indian Women. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10018. [PMID: 31292488 PMCID: PMC6620270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. In India, the incidence of breast cancer has increased significantly during the last two decades with a higher proportion of the disease at a young age compared to the west. To understand the molecular processes underlying breast cancer in Indian women, we analysed gene expression profiles of 29 tumours and 9 controls using microarray. In the present study, we obtained 2413 differentially expressed genes, consisting of overexpressed genes such as COL10A1, COL11A1, MMP1, MMP13, MMP11, GJB2, and CST1 and underexpressed genes such as PLIN1, FABP4, LIPE, AQP7, LEP, ADH1A, ADH1B, and CIDEC. The deregulated pathways include cell cycle, focal adhesion and metastasis, DNA replication, PPAR signaling, and lipid metabolism. Using PAM50 classifier, we demonstrated the existence of molecular subtypes in Indian women. In addition, qPCR validation of expression of metalloproteinase genes, MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, MMP13, MMP14, ADAMTS1, and ADAMTS5 showed concordance with that of the microarray data; wherein we found a significant association of ADAMTS5 down-regulation with older age (≥55 years) of patients. Together, this study reports gene expression profiles of breast tumours from the Indian subcontinent, throwing light on the pathways and genes associated with the breast tumourigenesis in Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreshtha Malvia
- Tumour Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- Bioinformatics Cell, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Amar Bhatnagar
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Deepshikha Arora
- Department of Pathology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Ramesh Sarin
- Department of Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Sunita Saxena
- Tumour Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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14
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Nyasani E, Munir I, Perez M, Payne K, Khan S. Linking obesity-induced leptin-signaling pathways to common endocrine-related cancers in women. Endocrine 2019; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30218381 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to many major diseases and cancers. Women have higher rates of obesity and obesity is linked to commonly occurring cancers in women. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the unique mechanism(s) involved in each type of cancer. The objective of this review is to highlight the need for novel experimental approaches and a better understanding of the common and unique pathways to resolve controversies regarding the role of obesity in cancer. In women, there is a link between hormones and obesity-associated genes in cancer development. Leptin is an obesity-associated gene that has been studied extensively in cancers; however, whether the defect is in the leptin gene or in its signaling pathways remains unclear. Both leptin and its receptor have been positively correlated with cancer progression in some endocrine-related cancers in women. This review offers an up-to-date and cohesive review of both upstream and downstream pathways of leptin signaling in cancer and a comprehensive picture of cancer pathogenesis in light of current evidence of leptin effects in several major types of cancer. This work is intended to aid in the design of better therapeutic strategies for obese/overweight women with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Nyasani
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Iqbal Munir
- Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Mia Perez
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Pathology & Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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15
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Xu M, Cao FL, Li N, Gao X, Su X, Jiang X. Leptin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activation of the ERK signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4782-4788. [PMID: 30250542 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that leptin induces the growth and proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. However, the effect of leptin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not yet clear. In the present study, the effect of leptin on EMT was investigated as well as its underlying mechanisms in A549 cells. The ability of leptin to induce EMT was investigated by microscopic examination and western blotting. The impacts of leptin on cell migration, invasion and tumorigenesis were evaluated by wound healing, Transwell and colony formation assays, respectively. It was demonstrated that leptin induced EMT-associated morphological changes, namely a decrease in cell-cell contact and a more elongated morphological shape. Leptin decreased the expression levels of epithelial phenotype markers E-cadherin and keratin, increased the expression of mesenchymal phenotype marker Vimentin, and raised the expression of EMT-induced transcription factor ZEB-1. In addition, leptin activated the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and did not affect the activation of the protein kinase B signaling pathway in A549 cells. Leptin also promoted EMT-induced migration, invasion and tumorigenesis in vitro in A549 cells. The present study provides evidence that leptin induced EMT via the activation of the ERK signaling pathway and increased EMT-induced tumor phenotypes in lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that leptin may be a promising target for lung cancer treatment through the regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Le Cao
- Department of Neurology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Naiyi Li
- Department of Medical Service, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xuejia Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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16
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Tzanavari T, Tasoulas J, Vakaki C, Mihailidou C, Tsourouflis G, Theocharis S. The Role of Adipokines in the Establishment and Progression of Head and Neck Neoplasms. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:4726-4748. [PMID: 30009699 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713154505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines constitute a family of protein factors secreted by white adipose tissue (WAT), that regulate the functions of WAT and other sites. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin, are the main adipokines present in serum and saliva, targeting several tissues and organs, including vessels, muscles, liver and pancreas. Besides body mass regulation, adipokines affect glucose homeostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and other crucial cell procedures. Their involvement in tumor formation and growth is well established and deregulation of adipokine and adipokine receptors' expression is observed in several malignancies including those located in the head and neck region. Intracellular effects of adipokines are mediated by a plethora of receptors that activate several signaling cascades including Janus kinase/ Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/ STAT pathway), Phospatidylinositol kinase (PI3/ Akt/ mTOR) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of adipokines family members in carcinogenesis of the head and neck region. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of adipokines and their potential role as serum and saliva biomarkers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tzanavari
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Jason Tasoulas
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Vakaki
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Chrysovalantou Mihailidou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
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17
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Novel leptin OB3 peptide-induced signaling and progression in thyroid cancers: Comparison with leptin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:27641-54. [PMID: 27050378 PMCID: PMC5053677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results in increased secretion of cytokines from adipose tissue and is a risk factor for various cancers. Leptin is largely produced by adipose tissue and cancer cells. It induces cell proliferation and may serve to induce various cancers. OB3-leptin peptide (OB3) is a new class of functional leptin peptide. However, its mitogenic effect has not been determined. In the present study, because of a close link between leptin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, OB3 was compared with leptin in different thyroid cancer cells for gene expression, proliferation and invasion. Neither agent stimulated cell proliferation. Leptin stimulated cell invasion, but reduced adhesion in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Activated ERK1/2 and STAT3 contributed to leptin-induced invasion. In contrast, OB3 did not affect expression of genes involved in proliferation and invasion. In vivo studies in the mouse showed that leptin, but not OB3, significantly increased circulating levels of thyrotropin (TSH), a growth factor for thyroid cancer. In summary, OB3 is a derivative of leptin that importantly lacks the mitogenic effects of leptin on thyroid cancer cells.
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18
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Warakomski J, Romuk E, Jarząb B, Krajewska J, Siemińska L. Concentrations of Selected Adipokines, Interleukin-6, and Vitamin D in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Respect to Thyroid Cancer Stages. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4921803. [PMID: 30627158 PMCID: PMC6304902 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4921803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between thyroid cancer and obesity are not fully understood. Adipokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and vitamin D may mediate these associations. In this study, we estimated serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vitamin D in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We searched for associations between the adipokines, IL-6, vitamin D, anthropometric parameters, and TNM AJCC/UICC 2017 classification in 177 patients diagnosed with PTC (151 women and 26 men). Normal weight patients were predominantly classified as clinical stage I. The prevalence of stages higher than I was significantly higher in PTC patients with BMI ≥ 25 or with metabolic syndrome. Using logistic regression waist circumference ≥ 88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men, upper tertiles of IL-6 and leptin were associated with a higher clinical stage. There were no differences in the prevalence of microcarcinomas in analyzed groups (BMI ≥ 25 versus BMI < 25 and with metabolic syndrome presence versus without metabolic syndrome). No significant relationships between serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, IL-6, vitamin D, and tumor size in PTC were found. Although insulin resistance represented by the HOMA index was associated with anthropometric variables and with serum leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, and IL-6 concentrations, in our study, no statistically significant relations with PTC staging were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Warakomski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Romuk
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Jarząb
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Krajewska
- Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Lucyna Siemińska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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19
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Candelaria PV, Rampoldi A, Harbuzariu A, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Leptin signaling and cancer chemoresistance: Perspectives. World J Clin Oncol 2017; 8:106-119. [PMID: 28439492 PMCID: PMC5385432 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem and currently is endemic around the world. Obesity is a risk factor for several different types of cancer, significantly promoting cancer incidence, progression, poor prognosis and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. The study of this resistance is critical as development of chemoresistance is a serious drawback for the successful and effective drug-based treatments of cancer. There is increasing evidence that augmented adiposity can impact on chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer and the development of resistance to these treatments, particularly through one of its signature mediators, the adipokine leptin. Leptin is a pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-tumorigenic adipokine that has been implicated in many cancers promoting processes such as angiogenesis, metastasis, tumorigenesis and survival/resistance to apoptosis. Several possible mechanisms that could potentially be developed by cancer cells to elicit drug resistance have been suggested in the literature. Here, we summarize and discuss the current state of the literature on the role of obesity and leptin on chemoresistance, particularly as it relates to breast and pancreatic cancers. We focus on the role of leptin and its significance in possibly driving these proposed chemoresistance mechanisms, and examine its effects on cancer cell survival signals and expansion of the cancer stem cell sub-populations.
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Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Nicolosi ML, Belfiore A. Insulin Resistance: Any Role in the Changing Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 29184536 PMCID: PMC5694441 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), namely of its papillary hystotype (PTC), has shown a steady increase worldwide, which has been attributed at least in part to the increasing diagnosis of early stage tumors. However, some evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors can also play a role. Among the potential risk factors involved in the changing epidemiology of TC, particular attention has been drawn to insulin-resistance and related metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which have been also rapidly increasing worldwide due to widespread dietary and lifestyle changes. In accordance with this possibility, various epidemiological studies have indeed gathered substantial evidence that insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders might be associated with an increased TC risk either through hyperinsulinemia or by affecting other TC risk factors including iodine deficiency, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone, estrogen-dependent signaling, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and others. This review summarizes the current literature evaluating the relationship between metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and the risk for TC as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. The potential implications of such association in TC prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, Enna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Vella, ; Antonino Belfiore,
| | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Veronica Vella, ; Antonino Belfiore,
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Yamamoto M, Uchihashi K, Aoki S, Koike E, Kakihara N, Toda S. Interaction between thyrocytes and adipose tissue in vitro. Pathol Int 2016; 66:148-157. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Uchihashi
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
| | - Shigehisa Aoki
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
| | | | - Nahoko Kakihara
- Division of Function & Morphology for Nursing; Department of Basic Science of Nursing; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
| | - Shuji Toda
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga Japan
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Park JW, Han CR, Zhao L, Willingham MC, Cheng SY. Inhibition of STAT3 activity delays obesity-induced thyroid carcinogenesis in a mouse model. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:53-63. [PMID: 26552408 PMCID: PMC4671368 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compelling epidemiologic studies indicate that obesity is a risk factor for many human cancers, including thyroid cancer. In recent decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has dramatically increased along with a marked rise in obesity prevalence. We previously demonstrated that a high fat diet (HFD) effectively induced the obese phenotype in a mouse model of thyroid cancer (Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice). Moreover, HFD activates the STAT3 signal pathway to promote more aggressive tumor phenotypes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of S3I-201, a specific inhibitor of STAT3 activity, on HFD-induced aggressive cancer progression in the mouse model of thyroid cancer. WT and Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice were treated with HFD together with S3I-201 or vehicle-only as controls. We assessed the effects of S3I-201 on HFD-induced thyroid cancer progression, the leptin-JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, and key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). S3I-201 effectively inhibited HFD-induced aberrant activation of STAT3 and its downstream targets to markedly inhibit thyroid tumor growth and to prolong survival. Decreased protein levels of cyclins D1 and B1, cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein led to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in S3I-201-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice. Reduced occurrence of vascular invasion and blocking of anaplasia and lung metastasis in thyroid tumors of S3I-201-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice were mediated via decreased expression of vimentin and matrix metalloproteinases, two key effectors of EMT. The present findings suggest that inhibition of the STAT3 activity would be a novel treatment strategy for obesity-induced thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Park
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr, Room 5128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6264, USA
| | - Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr, Room 5128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6264, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr, Room 5128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6264, USA
| | - Mark C Willingham
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr, Room 5128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6264, USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr, Room 5128, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6264, USA
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Oberman B, Khaku A, Camacho F, Goldenberg D. Relationship between obesity, diabetes and the risk of thyroid cancer. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:535-41. [PMID: 25794786 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analyze the relationship between obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized case-controlled retrospective chart review of outpatient clinic patients at an academic medical center between January 2005 and December 2012. DTC patients were compared to two control groups: primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPTH) patients with euthyroid state and Internal Medicine (IM) patients. Exposure variables included historical body-mass-index (BMI), most recent BMI within 6 months and DM. Multivariate logistic regressions adjusting for gender, age, and year of BMI assessed the adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of DTC with both BMI and DM. RESULTS Comparison of means showed a statistically significant higher BMI in DTC (BMI=37.83) than PHPTH, IM, and pooled controls, BMI=30.36 p=<0.0001, BMI=28.96 p=<0.0001, BMI=29.53 p=<0.0001, respectively. When compared to PHPTH, DM was more frequent in DTC (29% vs. 16%) and prevalence trended towards significance (p=0.0829, 95% CI =0.902-5.407). BMI adjusted OR was significant when compared to PHPTH, IM and pooled controls: 1.125 (p=0.0001), 1.154 (p=<0.0001), and 1.113 (p=<0.0001), respectively. DM adjusted OR was significant when compared to PHPTH and pooled controls at 3.178 (95% 1.202,8.404, p=0.0198) and 2.237 (95% 1.033,4.844, p=0.0410), respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that obesity and, to a lesser degree, DM are significantly associated with DTC. BMI in particular was a strong predictive variable for DTC (C=0.82 bivariate, C=0.84 multivariate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Oberman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Aliasgher Khaku
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fabian Camacho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Health Services and Behavioral Research, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Choi JS, Kim EK, Moon HJ, Kwak JY. Higher body mass index may be a predictor of extrathyroidal extension in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Endocrine 2015; 48:264-71. [PMID: 24858734 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with aggressive pathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between BMI and aggressive pathologic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and to evaluate whether the BMI can be a prognostic factor of PTMC. This retrospective study included 612 PTMC patients who underwent surgical excision at a referral center between April 2006 and December 2007. Patients were grouped according to BMI (<25 or ≥25 kg/m2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of aggressive pathologic features (advanced stage, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis), with adjustment for age, gender, tumor size, multifocality, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, and BMI (value/group). PTMC patients with a BMI≥25 kg/m2 showed significantly higher prevalences of extrathyroidal extension, advanced pathologic TNM stage, and male gender, compared to those of patients with a BMI<25 kg/m2. Lymph node metastasis and mean TSH level were not significantly different between the two BMI subgroups. In multivariable analysis, the BMI≥25 kg/m2 group was positively associated with the presence of extrathyroidal extension (adjusted odds ratio 1.49, P=0.05). Higher BMI was associated with extrathyroidal extension in PTMC patients. This study suggests that the BMI could be considered as a prognostic factor for predicting the presence of extrathyroidal extension and it may help decide the appropriate surgical extent for PTMC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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The association between depression, weight loss and leptin/ghrelin levels in male patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2015; 37:31-5. [PMID: 25440723 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between weight loss, depression and anxiety, and appetite hormones, leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), as well as the effect of radiotherapy and antidepressant treatment on weight and these hormones. METHODS Forty male patients with HNC and twenty physically and mentally healthy male controls were recruited for the study. Psychiatric status was evaluated with clinical interview and psychometric tests. All patients received radiotherapy and antidepressant treatment with mirtazapine that was given to patients with psychiatric disorders. Serum leptin and ghrelin levels were measured pre- and post-treatment in the patients and once in the controls. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the serum leptin and ghrelin levels of patients and controls. The leptin levels of the patients were decreased by radiotherapy. Eleven patients were diagnosed with major depressive disorder and adjustment disorder and were classed as depressive patients. Depressive patients were affected more by radiotherapy with respect to weight loss. The basal leptin levels of depressive patients were also lower than non-depressive patients and controls. CONCLUSION It seems that depression aggravated weight loss and, in addition, decreased leptin levels in cancer patients. Detection and treatment of psychiatric disorders may improve prognosis by preventing weight loss as well as by providing psychiatric treatment in cancer patients.
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Abstract
Many studies have provided observational data on the association of obesity and thyroid cancers, but only few of them propose mechanisms that would permit a better understanding of the causal molecular mechanisms of this association. Considering that there is an increasing incidence of both obesity and thyroid cancers, we need to summarize and link recent studies in order to characterize and understand the contribution of obesity-related factors that might affect thyroid cancer development and progression. Adipose tissue is involved in many vital processes, including insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, regulation of energy balance, activation of the complement system, and responses such as inflammation. Although these processes have their own molecular pathways, they involve the same molecules through which obesity and adipose tissue might exert their roles in carcinogenesis, not only affecting MAPK and PI3K or even insulin pathways, but also recruiting local inflammatory responses that could result in disease formation and progression. This review describes five important issues that might explain the link between excessive weight and thyroid cancer: thyroid hormones, insulin resistance, adipokines, inflammation, and sexual hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjory Alana Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM- Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM- Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Assis Batista
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM- Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca)Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM- Unicamp), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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Londraville RL, Macotela Y, Duff RJ, Easterling MR, Liu Q, Crespi EJ. Comparative endocrinology of leptin: assessing function in a phylogenetic context. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 203:146-57. [PMID: 24525452 PMCID: PMC4128956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As we approach the end of two decades of leptin research, the comparative biology of leptin is just beginning. We now have several leptin orthologs described from nearly every major clade among vertebrates, and are moving beyond gene descriptions to functional studies. Even at this early stage, it is clear that non-mammals display clear functional similarities and differences with their better-studied mammalian counterparts. This review assesses what we know about leptin function in mammals and non-mammals, and gives examples of how these data can inform leptin biology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Londraville
- Department of Biology and Program in Integrated Biosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
| | - Yazmin Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Robert J Duff
- Department of Biology and Program in Integrated Biosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Marietta R Easterling
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Biology and Program in Integrated Biosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Obesity and thyroid cancer: epidemiologic associations and underlying mechanisms. Obes Rev 2013; 14:1006-22. [PMID: 24034423 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has been rising over the past few decades along with a parallel increase in obesity. Observational studies have provided evidence for a potential association between the two. By contrast, clinical data for a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition strongly associated with obesity, and thyroid cancer are limited and largely not supportive of such an association. Obesity leads to hypoadiponectinemia, a pro-inflammatory state, and insulin resistance, which, in turn, leads to high circulating insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, thereby possibly increasing the risk for thyroid cancer. Thus, insulin resistance possibly plays a pivotal role in underlying the observed association between obesity and thyroid cancer, potentially leading to the development and/or progression of thyroid cancer, through its interconnections with other factors including insulin-like growth factor-1, adipocytokines/cytokines and thyroid-stimulating hormone. In this review, epidemiological and clinical evidence and potential mechanisms underlying the proposed association between obesity and thyroid cancer risk are reviewed. If the association between obesity and thyroid cancer demonstrated in observational studies proves to be causal, targeting obesity (and/or downstream mediators of risk) could be of importance in the prevention and management of thyroid cancer.
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Adipocytokines in thyroid dysfunction. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:646271. [PMID: 24049662 PMCID: PMC3765747 DOI: 10.1155/2013/646271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytokines are important mediators of interorgan crosstalk in metabolic regulation. Thyroid diseases have effects on metabolism and inflammation. The mechanism of these effects is not clear. Recently, there are several reports suggesting this interrelation between adipocytokines and thyroid dysfunction. In this review, we summarize this relation according to the literature.
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Owonikoko TK, Hossain MS, Bhimani C, Chen Z, Kim S, Ramalingam SS, Sun SY, Shin DM, Waller EK, Khuri FR. Soluble FAS ligand as a biomarker of disease recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer. Cancer 2013; 119:1503-11. [PMID: 23340930 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable predictive biomarkers are required to address the challenge of disease recurrence after thyroid cancer surgery. For this study, the authors assessed the association of cellular-based and serum-based immunologic mediators with thyroid cancer recurrence. METHODS Leukocyte subset counts and immune regulatory cytokine levels were determined in peripheral blood samples using multiparameter flow cytometry and 51-panel, multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The functional activity of circulating B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and natural killer lymphocytes was assessed ex vivo. Differences in mean biomarker levels between defined patient groups and correlations between biomarkers and cancer recurrence were assessed using t tests or Wilcoxon tests and by univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox models. Optimal cutoff values of significantly correlated biomarkers that best predicted disease recurrence after surgery were established by receiver operating characteristics and were validated by using an optimal cutpoint determination algorithm. RESULTS In total, 35 patients were enrolled (median age, 49.4 year), including 24 women and 15 patients with recurrent disease; and there were 21 individuals in the control group. Patients without recurrence had higher levels of soluble FAS (tumor necrosis receptor superfamily, member 6) ligand (sFASL), transforming growth factor-β, regulatory T cells, and programmed death 1/ programmed death ligand 1-expressing leukocytes. sFASL (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.95; P = .031) and interferon-α (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.34; P = .038) were associated significantly with disease recurrence. There was a significant difference in progression-free survival between patient groups stratified by an sFASL optimal cutpoint of 15 pg/mL (log-rank P = .0009). CONCLUSIONS sFASL and IFN-α levels were correlated significantly with thyroid cancer recurrence and may be useful for risk-adapted surveillance strategies in patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Kim HJ, Kim NK, Choi JH, Sohn SY, Kim SW, Jin SM, Jang HW, Suh S, Min YK, Chung JH, Kim SW. Associations between body mass index and clinico-pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:134-40. [PMID: 22812676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that excess weight increases the risk of thyroid cancer. However, the associations between excess weight and prognostic factors for thyroid cancer are uncertain. We evaluated the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and clinico-pathological features and outcomes of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 2057 patients with PTC was performed. Patients were grouped according to BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity)-based World Health Organization standardized categories. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between BMI and clinico-pathological features of PTC. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between BMI and disease recurrence. RESULTS A 5-kg/m(2) increase in BMI was associated with PTC tumours larger than 1 cm [odds ratio (OR) 1.31, P < 0.001], with microscopic extrathyroidal invasion (OR 1.23, P = 0.006), and with advanced tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (OR, 1.30, P = 0.003), which is independent of confounding variables such as gender, age, serum TSH, total cholesterol and fasting glucose level. The multivariate-adjusted OR [95% confidence intervals (CI)] in the overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI ≥ 30) groups for tumours larger than 1 cm were 1.41 (1.10-1.81) and 2.17 (1.23-3.82), respectively, compared to the normal weight group (BMI 18.5-24.9). The multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) for microscopic extrathyroidal extension in the obesity group was 1.88 (1.06-3.32), and the OR for advanced TNM stage in the overweight group was 1.35 (1.02-1.79) compared to the normal weight group. During follow-up (median, 84 month; range, 1-185), 43 patients (2.1%) experienced recurrence. There were no significant differences in recurrence of PTCs among BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI was strongly associated with larger tumour size, extrathyroidal invasion and advanced TNM stage of PTCs. However, there was no difference in recurrence rate among BMI groups. This study suggests that excess weight is associated with aggressive features of PTCs. Further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Dutta D, Ghosh S, Pandit K, Mukhopadhyay P, Chowdhury S. Leptin and cancer: Pathogenesis and modulation. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:S596-S600. [PMID: 23565495 PMCID: PMC3602989 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a product of Ob gene from adipocytes regulates appetite, energy expenditure and body mass composition by decreasing orexigenic and increasing anorexigenic neuropeptide release from hypothalamus. Research over the past few years have suggested leptin/leptin receptor dysregulation to have a role in the development of a large variety of malignancies like breast ca, thyroid ca, endometrial ca and gastrointestinal malignancies, predominantly through JAK/STAT pathway which modulates PI3K/AKT3 signaling, ERK1/2 signaling, expression of antiapoptotic proteins (like XIAP), systemic inflammation (TNF-α, IL6), angiogenic factors (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) expression. In this review, the current understanding of leptin's role in carcinogenesis has been elaborated. Also a few agents modulating leptin signaling to inhibit cancer cell growth has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaushik Pandit
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, India
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Rio ALS, Biscolla RPM, Andreoni DM, Camacho CP, Nakabashi CCD, Mamone MDCDOC, Ikejiri ES, Matsumura LK, Hidal JT, Maciel RMDB, Furlanetto RP. [Evaluation of clinical, laboratorial and ultrasonographic predicting factors of malignancy in thyroid nodules]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 55:29-37. [PMID: 21468517 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302011000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules through clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and cytological aspects. PATIENTS AND METHODS 741 nodules of 407 patients. RESULTS The cytology was benign (60,5%), indeterminate (23,3%), malignant (8,3%) or nondiagnostic (7,6%). The prevalence of cancer in indeterminate citology was 18,5% (16% in follicular lesions, 44% in suspicious). The diagnosis of malignancy was 17,2% (n = 70). The frequency of cancer in women (15,2%) was lower than in men (27,9%). There was an inverse relation between age and cancer risk. There was no statistical significance in the prevalence of cancer according to number, size of nodules or TSH levels. Hypoechogenicity and microcalcifications on ultrasound were risk factors. CONCLUSION The risk of malignancy was higher in men, hypoechoic nodules, with microcalcifications and was inversely related to age. The TSH level was not an independent factor predictive of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Silva Rio
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Medicina, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Hedayati M, Yaghmaei P, Pooyamanesh Z, Zarif Yeganeh M, Hoghooghi Rad L. Leptin: a correlated Peptide to papillary thyroid carcinoma? J Thyroid Res 2011; 2011:832163. [PMID: 22007338 PMCID: PMC3189603 DOI: 10.4061/2011/832163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Leptin as an adipose-tissue-related peptide hormone contributes to the control of food intake, energy expenditure, and other activities such as cell proliferation. Therefore, association of leptin level with thyroid cancer has been suggested recently. Considering that thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, the aim of this study was evaluation of leptin levels in thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods. 83 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (35 males and 48 females) with 90 healthy persons as control group (40 male and 50 females) were selected. serum thyroxine, thyrotropin, and leptin levels were determined in both groups. As a body fat tissue affects leptin level, so height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated too. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in age, serum Thyroxine, and Thyrotropin levels. BMI in women was more than in men in both groups. Serum leptin levels in thyroid cancer group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The results of this study showed an acceptable association between the hormone Leptin levels with papillary thyroid cancer, so it may be considerad as a correlated peptide which may help in the diagnosis or confirmation of thyroid cancer beside in other specific tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hedayati
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran
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