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Karnik SS, Unal H, Kemp JR, Tirupula KC, Eguchi S, Vanderheyden PML, Thomas WG. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIX. Angiotensin Receptors: Interpreters of Pathophysiological Angiotensinergic Stimuli [corrected]. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:754-819. [PMID: 26315714 PMCID: PMC4630565 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) produced hormone peptides regulate many vital body functions. Dysfunctional signaling by receptors for RAS peptides leads to pathologic states. Nearly half of humanity today would likely benefit from modern drugs targeting these receptors. The receptors for RAS peptides consist of three G-protein-coupled receptors—the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor), the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor), the MAS receptor—and a type II trans-membrane zinc protein—the candidate angiotensin IV receptor (AngIV binding site). The prorenin receptor is a relatively new contender for consideration, but is not included here because the role of prorenin receptor as an independent endocrine mediator is presently unclear. The full spectrum of biologic characteristics of these receptors is still evolving, but there is evidence establishing unique roles of each receptor in cardiovascular, hemodynamic, neurologic, renal, and endothelial functions, as well as in cell proliferation, survival, matrix-cell interaction, and inflammation. Therapeutic agents targeted to these receptors are either in active use in clinical intervention of major common diseases or under evaluation for repurposing in many other disorders. Broad-spectrum influence these receptors produce in complex pathophysiological context in our body highlights their role as precise interpreters of distinctive angiotensinergic peptide cues. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 15 years on the structure, pharmacology, signaling, physiology, and disease states related to angiotensin receptors. We also discuss the challenges the pharmacologist presently faces in formally accepting newer members as established angiotensin receptors and emphasize necessary future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Jacqueline R Kemp
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Kalyan C Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
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Billet S, Bardin S, Verp S, Baudrie V, Michaud A, Conchon S, Muffat-Joly M, Escoubet B, Souil E, Hamard G, Bernstein KE, Gasc JM, Elghozi JL, Corvol P, Clauser E. Gain-of-function mutant of angiotensin II receptor, type 1A, causes hypertension and cardiovascular fibrosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1914-25. [PMID: 17607364 PMCID: PMC1890996 DOI: 10.1172/jci28764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the renin-angiotensin system has been investigated by overexpression or inactivation of its different genes in animals. However, there is no data concerning the effect of the constitutive activation of any component of the system. A knockin mouse model has been constructed with a gain-of-function mutant of the Ang II receptor, type 1A (AT(1A)), associating a constitutively activating mutation (N111S) with a C-terminal deletion, which impairs receptor internalization and desensitization. In vivo consequences of this mutant receptor expression in homozygous mice recapitulate its in vitro characteristics: the pressor response is more sensitive to Ang II and longer lasting. These mice present with a moderate (~20 mmHg) and stable increase in BP. They also develop early and progressive renal fibrosis and cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. However, there was no overt cardiac hypertrophy. The hormonal parameters (low-renin and inappropriately normal aldosterone productions) mimic those of low-renin human hypertension. This new model reveals that a constitutive activation of AT(1A) leads to cardiac and renal fibrosis in spite of a modest effect on BP and will be useful for investigating the role of Ang II in target organs in a model similar to some forms of human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Billet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sabine Bardin
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sonia Verp
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Véronique Baudrie
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Annie Michaud
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Martine Muffat-Joly
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brigitte Escoubet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Evelyne Souil
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ghislaine Hamard
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean Marie Gasc
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Elghozi
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pierre Corvol
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Clauser
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U567, Paris, France.
Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, INSERM U652, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
INSERM U36, Collège de France, Paris, France.
INSERM IFR02, Centre d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Intégrées, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
INSERM U772, Collège de France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat–Claude Bernard, Paris, France.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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