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Lee MH, Kim KM, Kang CS, Yoon M, Jang KC, Choi C. Development of PCR-based markers for identification of wheat HMW glutenin Glu-1Bx and Glu-1By alleles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:395. [PMID: 38745139 PMCID: PMC11092038 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), allelic variations in the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits Glu-B1 locus have important effects on grain end-use quality. The Glu-B1 locus consists of two tightly linked genes encoding x- and y-type subunits that exhibit highly variable frequencies. However, studies on the discriminating markers of the alleles that have been reported are limited. Here, we developed 11 agarose gel-based PCR markers for detecting Glu-1Bx and Glu-1By alleles. RESULTS By integrating the newly developed markers with previously published PCR markers, nine Glu-1Bx locus alleles (Glu-1Bx6, Glu-1Bx7, Glu-1Bx7*, Glu-1Bx7 OE, Glu-1Bx13, Glu-1Bx14 (-) , Glu-1Bx14 (+)/Bx20, and Glu-1Bx17) and seven Glu-1By locus alleles (Glu-1By8, Glu-1By8*, Glu-1By9, Glu-1By15/By20, Glu-1By16, and Glu-1By18) were distinguished in 25 wheat cultivars. Glu-1Bx6, Glu-1Bx13, Glu-1Bx14 (+)/Bx20, Glu-1By16, and Glu-1By18 were distinguished using the newly developed PCR markers. Additionally, the Glu-1Bx13 and Glu-1Bx14 (+)/Bx20 were distinguished by insertions and deletions in their promoter regions. The Glu-1Bx6, Glu-1Bx7, Glu-1By9, Glu-1Bx14 (-), and Glu-1By15/By20 alleles were distinguished by using insertions and deletions in the gene-coding region. Glu-1By13, Glu-1By16, and Glu-1By18 were dominantly identified in the gene-coding region. We also developed a marker to distinguish between the two Glu-1Bx14 alleles. However, the Glu-1Bx14 (+) + Glu-1By15 and Glu-1Bx20 + Glu-1By20 allele combinations could not be distinguished using PCR markers. The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat varieties were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the findings were compared with the results of PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS Seven Glu-1Bx and four Glu-1By allele detection markers were developed to detect nine Glu-1Bx and seven Glu-1By locus alleles, respectively. Integrating previously reported markers and 11 newly developed PCR markers improves allelic identification of the Glu-B1 locus and facilitates more effective analysis of Glu-B1 alleles molecular variations, which may improve the end-use quality of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hui Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Min Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Chon-Sik Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Mira Yoon
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Jang
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Changhyun Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea.
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Palombieri S, Bonarrigo M, Potestio S, Sestili F, Messina B, Russo G, Miceli C, Frangipane B, Genduso M, Delogu C, Andreani L, Masci S. Characterization among and within Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Landraces by Gluten Protein Analysis for Traceability Purposes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:741. [PMID: 38475588 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The criteria of "Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability" as well as a high "overall quality index" are used to register the Italian modern varieties to the national register. Differently, local conservation varieties can be certified under different EU Directives that facilitate, as an overall objective, the preservation of biodiversity and the containment of genetic erosion. In recent years, products derived from ancient grains are perceived to be healthier and more sustainable by consumers, especially in Italy, with consequent higher market prices. The ancient tetraploid wheat varieties registered in the national register of conservation varieties amount to 28, 24 of which are Sicilian. They are supposed to have wide genetic variability compared to modern ones, making them vulnerable to fraud because they are difficult to trace. It is therefore important to have tools able to discriminate between autochthonous Sicilian varieties. This can be completed by gluten proteins composition, which also provides information on the technological properties of derived products. Fifty-one accessions belonging to twenty-two ancient varieties of Sicilian tetraploid (mostly durum) wheat were analyzed. Although wide intra-accession and intra-varietal variability measurements were assessed, the gliadin pattern of bulks of seeds belonging to each variety was discriminatory. Moreover, differences in technological attitudes were found between landraces. This paves the way to use gluten protein patterns for traceability, allowing local farmers and producers to valorize their products and assure consumers regarding the transparency of the entire supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Marco Bonarrigo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Silvia Potestio
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Bernardo Messina
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Claudia Miceli
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Benedetto Frangipane
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Marco Genduso
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Chiara Delogu
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Lorella Andreani
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
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Quan Z, Zhang L, Chang W, Ding X, Qian J, Tang J. Determination and Analysis of Composition, Structure, and Properties of Teff Protein Fractions. Foods 2023; 12:3965. [PMID: 37959083 PMCID: PMC10647255 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop teff-based food products with acceptable quality, the composition, structure, and properties of teff protein fractions should be better understood. In this study, teff proteins were extracted, and their protein composition, structure, and properties were calculated, analyzed, and compared with those of wheat gliadin and glutenin. Results showed that teff flour contained 9.07% protein, with prolamin as its main protein fraction. The isoelectric points of albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin were at pH 3.6, 3.0, 4.4, and 3.4, respectively. Teff prolamin and glutelin showed a significant difference in amino acids and free energy of hydration compared to wheat gliadins and glutenins. The protein chain length of teff prolamins was smaller than that of wheat gliadins, and teff glutelins lacked high molecular weight glutelin subunits. Teff prolamin had the highest α-helices content (27.08%), whereas no random coils were determined, which is different from wheat gliadin. Teff glutelin had a lower content of β-turn than wheat glutenin, and no α-helices were determined in it. Teff prolamin and glutelin had lower disulfide bond content and surface hydrophobicity. Teff prolamin had significantly higher thermal stability than wheat gliadin, whereas the thermal stability of teff glutelin was significantly lower than that of wheat glutenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Quan
- School of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Q.); (W.C.); (X.D.)
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China; (L.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Wenping Chang
- School of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Q.); (W.C.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiangli Ding
- School of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Q.); (W.C.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jianya Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China; (L.Z.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jianhua Tang
- School of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Z.Q.); (W.C.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China
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Galimova AA, Kuluev AR, Ismagilov KR, Kuluev BR. Genetic polymorphism of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit loci in bread wheat varieties in the Pre-Ural steppe zone. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:297-305. [PMID: 37465197 PMCID: PMC10350858 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-molecular-weight glutenins play an important role in providing high baking qualities of bread wheat grain. However, breeding bread wheat for this trait is very laborious and, therefore, the genotyping of variety samples according to the allelic composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes is of great interest. The aim of the study was to determine the composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits based on the identification of the allelic composition of the Glu-1 genes, as well as to identify the frequency of the Glu-1 alleles in bread wheat cultivars that are in breeding work under the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe zone (PSZ). We analyzed 26 winter and 22 spring bread wheat varieties from the PSZ and 27 winter and 20 spring varieties from the VIR collection. Genotyping at the Glu-A1 locus showed that the Ax1 subunits are most common in winter varieties, while the predominance of the Ax2* subunits was typical of spring varieties and lines. In the Glu-B1 locus, the predominance of alleles associated with the production of the Bx7 and By9 subunits was revealed for both winter and spring varieties. In the case of the Glu-D1 gene, for all the wheat groups studied, the composition of the Dx5+Dy10 subunits was the most common: in 92.3 % of winter and 68.2 % of spring PSZ accessions and in 80 % of winter and 55 % of spring VIR accessions. The analysis of genotypes showed the presence of 13 different allelic combinations of the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 genes in the PSZ varieties, and 19 combinations in the VIR varieties. The b b/al/с d allelic combination (Ax2* Вх7+Ву8/8*/9 Dx5+Dy10) turned out to be the most common for the PSZ spring varieties and lines, while for the PSZ winter accessions it was a с d (Ax1 Вх7+By9 Dx5+Dy10); the b с a and b с d genotypes (Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx2+Dy12 and Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx5+Dy10, respectively) occur with equal frequency among the VIR spring accessions; in the group of VIR winter varieties, the combination of the a b/ al d alleles (Ax1 Вх7+Ву8/8* Dx5+Dy10) prevails. The most preferred combination of alleles for baking qualities was found in the spring variety 'Ekaterina' and winter varieties 'Tarasovskaya 97', 'Volzhskaya S3', as well as in lines k-58164, L43510, L43709, L-67, L-83, which are recommended for further breeding programs to improve and preserve baking qualities in the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Galimova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A R Kuluev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - K R Ismagilov
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - B R Kuluev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wieser H, Koehler P, Scherf KA. Chemistry of wheat gluten proteins: Qualitative composition. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Wieser
- Hamburg School of Food ScienceUniversity of HamburgGrindelallee 11720146HamburgGermany
| | - Peter Koehler
- Biotask AGSchelztorstrasse 54‐5673728EsslingenGermany
| | - Katharina Anne Scherf
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food ChemistryInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Adenauerring 20 a76131KarlsruheGermany
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Mohamed IES, Oe H, Kamal NM, Mustafa HM, Gorafi YSA, Tahir ISA, Tsujimoto H, Tanaka H. Enhancing Wheat Flour Quality Through Introgression of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits From Aegilops tauschii Accessions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.887795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Narrow genetic diversity in the wheat gene pool restricts the improvement of wheat quality traits. Aegilops tauschii possesses valuable genetic diversity that can be used to improve not only biotic and abiotic stresses in arid regions but also wheat yield and quality. Our study, which used 392 multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD) panel developed with Ae. tauschii Coss. introgressions, had three main aims: to explore the genetic diversity of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), to investigate the dough strength and the relationship between protein content and grain yield, and to identify lines with a good flour quality. A wide range of allelic diversity was observed at the Glu-D1 locus, reflecting the impact of the different introgressed portions of Ae. tauschii, and a wide variation was found in dough strength even between lines having the same composition of HMW-GS. We report a negative impact on dough strength of subunit 5t+10t from Ae. tauschii and a relatively positive impact of subunit 2t+12.1t. We identified four MSD lines with significantly enhanced flour quality. Regressing the grain yield of the MSD lines against protein content showed no correlation between the two traits and identified lines with comparable grain yield to the recurrent parent and higher protein content. The identified MSD lines could provide a valuable genetic resource for enhancing the end-use quality of flour without any loss in productivity.
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Wang X, Song R, An Y, Pei H, Gao S, Sun D, Ren X. Allelic variation and genetic diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in Chinese wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and commercial cultivars. BREEDING SCIENCE 2022; 72:169-180. [PMID: 36275938 PMCID: PMC9522535 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat landraces have abundant genetic variation at the Glu-1 loci, which is desirable germplasms for genetic enhancement of modern wheat varieties, especially for quality improvement. In the current study, we analyzed the allelic variations of the Glu-1 loci of 597 landraces and 926 commercial wheat varieties from the four major wheat-growing regions in China using SDS-PAGE. As results, alleles Null, 7+8, and 2+12 were the dominant HMW-GSs in wheat landraces. Compared to landraces, the commercial varieties contain higher frequencies of high-quality alleles, including 1, 7+9, 14+15 and 5+10. The genetic diversity of the four commercial wheat populations (alleles per locus (A) = 7.33, percent polymorphic loci (P) = 1.00, effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) = 2.347 and expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.563) was significantly higher than that of the landraces population, with the highest genetic diversity found in the Southwestern Winter Wheat Region population. The genetic diversity of HMW-GS is mainly present within the landraces and commercial wheat populations instead of between populations. The landraces were rich in rare subunits or alleles may provide germplasm resources for improving the quality of modern wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruilian Song
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue An
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haiyi Pei
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Daokun Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Yu H, An Y, Wang A, Guan X, Tian J, Ning T, Fan K, Li H, Liu Q, Wang D, Chen J. Genetic Dissection of the Mixing Properties of Wheat Flour ( Triticum aestivum L.) Using Unconditional and Conditional QTL Mapping. J Genomics 2022; 10:8-15. [PMID: 34976226 PMCID: PMC8709693 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.67253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour mixing properties are essential quality parameters in the dough development process. Limited research on superior alleles for mixing properties has restricted their molecular improvement, and other factors related to the complex traits have been ignored. A molecular map of 9576 polymorphic markers in the RIL population (F8:9) (Shannong01-35/Gaocheng9411) was constructed to evaluate mixing property effects in three environments. The parents were selected with markedly distinct high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). This study not only evaluated mixing properties using conventional unconditional QTL mapping but also evaluated the relationships between protein-related traits using conditional QTL mapping. The analyses identified most additive QTLs for major mixing properties on chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D. Two major loci (1A.1-15 and 1D-1) associated with mixing properties have confirmed the important contributions of Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 to wheat quality at the QTL level, which were mainly affected by the gluten index. Another important locus, 1B.1-24 (associated with midline peak value and midline peak width, with high phenotypic variations explained), might represent a new variation distinct from Glu-B1. The favored alleles came from Gaocheng9411. Several mixing properties shared the same QTLs (1B.1-6 and 1A.1-15), indicating tight linkage or pleiotropism. Genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions were also investigated in the present study. The QTL results in our study may improve our understanding of the genetic interrelationships between mixing properties and protein-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Yuling An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Dezhou Agricultural Protection and Technological Extension Center, Dezhou, 253000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Tangyuan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Group of Wheat Quality Breeding, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China
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Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Mason AS, Chen L, Liu C, Qin M, Li W, Tian B, Wu Z, Lei Z, Hou J. Quantitative traits loci mapping and molecular marker development for total glutenin and glutenin fraction contents in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:455. [PMID: 34615486 PMCID: PMC8493754 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutenin contents and compositions are crucial factors influencing the end-use quality of wheat. Although the composition of glutenin fractions is well known, there has been relatively little research on the genetic basis of glutenin fractions in wheat. RESULTS To elucidate the genetic basis for the contents of glutenin and its fractions, a population comprising 196 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was constructed from two parents, Luozhen No.1 and Zhengyumai 9987, which differ regarding their total glutenin and its fraction contents (except for the By fraction). Forty-one additive Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) were detected in four environments over two years. These QTL explained 1.3% - 53.4% of the phenotypic variation in the examined traits. Forty-three pairs of epistatic QTL (E-QTL) were detected in the RIL population across four environments. The QTL controlling the content of total glutenin and its seven fractions were detected in clusters. Seven clusters enriched with QTL for more than three traits were identified, including a QTL cluster 6AS-3, which was revealed as a novel genetic locus for glutenin and related traits. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers developed from the main QTL cluster 1DL-2 and the previously developed KASP marker for the QTL cluster 6AS-3 were validated as significantly associated with the target traits in the RIL population and in natural varieties. CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel genetic loci related to glutenin and its seven fractions. Additionally, the developed KASP markers may be useful for the marker-assisted selection of varieties with high glutenin fraction content and for identifying individuals in the early developmental stages without the need for phenotyping mature plants. On the basis of the results of this study and the KASP markers described herein, breeders will be able to efficiently select wheat lines with favorable glutenin properties and develop elite lines with high glutenin subunit contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Zhou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Agronomy College, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lingzhi Chen
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Maomao Qin
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenxu Li
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Agronomy College, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Wu
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Agronomy College, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Agronomy College, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jinna Hou
- Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Agronomy College, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Shewry PR, Hawkesford MJ, Qi P, Wan Y. High molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 is concentrated in small protein bodies when overexpressed in wheat starchy endosperm. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Guo Z, Liu C, Wan Y, Hawkesford M, Zhu J, Wu W, Wei M, Zhao K, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Kong L, Pu Z, Deng M, Jiang Q, Lan X, Wang J, Chen G, Ma J, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Qi P. Post-translational cleavage of HMW-GS Dy10 allele improves the cookie-making quality in common wheat ( Triticum aestivum). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:49. [PMID: 37309542 PMCID: PMC10236088 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a major staple food crop worldwide because of the unique properties of wheat flour. High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs), which are among the most critical determinants of wheat flour quality, are responsible for the formation of glutenin polymeric structures via interchain disulfide bonds. We herein describe the identification of a new HMW-GS Dy10 allele (Dy10-m619SN). The amino acid substitution (serine-to-asparagine) encoded in this allele resulted in a partial post-translational cleavage that produced two new peptides. These new peptides disrupted the interactions among gluten proteins because of the associated changes to the number of available cysteine residues for interchain disulfide bonds. Consequently, Dy10-m619SN expression decreased the size of glutenin polymers and weakened glutens, which resulted in wheat dough with improved cookie-making quality, without changes to the glutenin-to-gliadin ratio. In this study, we clarified the post-translational processing of HMW-GSs and revealed a new genetic resource useful for wheat breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01238-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yang Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhenru Guo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
| | | | - Jing Zhu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Wang Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Meiqiao Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Kan Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Li Kong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhien Pu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ UK
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12
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Cho K, Jang YR, Lim SH, Altenbach SB, Gu YQ, Simon-Buss A, Lee JY. Proteomic Determination of Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition in Aroona Near-Isogenic Lines and Standard Wheat Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147709. [PMID: 34299329 PMCID: PMC8306524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour has important effects on end-use quality. However, assessing the contributions of each LMW-GS to flour quality remains challenging because of the complex LMW-GS composition and allelic variation among wheat cultivars. Therefore, accurate and reliable determination of LMW-GS alleles in germplasm remains an important challenge for wheat breeding. In this study, we used an optimized reversed-phase HPLC method and proteomics approach comprising 2-D gels coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to discriminate individual LMW-GSs corresponding to alleles encoded by the Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3 loci in the ‘Aroona’ cultivar and 12 ‘Aroona’ near-isogenic lines (ARILs), which contain unique LMW-GS alleles in the same genetic background. The LMW-GS separation patterns for ‘Aroona’ and ARILs on chromatograms and 2-D gels were consistent with those from a set of 10 standard wheat cultivars for Glu-3. Furthermore, 12 previously uncharacterized spots in ‘Aroona’ and ARILs were excised from 2-D gels, digested with chymotrypsin, and subjected to MS/MS. We identified their gene haplotypes and created a 2-D gel map of LMW-GS alleles in the germplasm for breeding and screening for desirable LMW-GS alleles for wheat quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - You-Ran Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Susan B. Altenbach
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (S.B.A.); (Y.Q.G.); (A.S.-B.)
| | - Yong Q. Gu
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (S.B.A.); (Y.Q.G.); (A.S.-B.)
| | - Annamaria Simon-Buss
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (S.B.A.); (Y.Q.G.); (A.S.-B.)
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-238-4616
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13
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Ko CS, Kim JB, Hong MJ, Seo YW. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) TaHMW1D Transcript Variants Are Highly Expressed in Response to Heat Stress and in Grains Located in Distal Part of the Spike. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040687. [PMID: 33918251 PMCID: PMC8065890 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The "Keumgang" wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5'-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3', 5'-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3') in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Seop Ko
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (J.-B.K.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Min Jeong Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (J.-B.K.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-3005
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14
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Li S, Luo J, Zhou X, Li X, Wang F, Liu Y. Identification of characteristic proteins of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles by electrophoresis and proteomics analysis. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Alrosan M, Tan TC, Easa AM, Gammoh S, Alu'datt MH. Molecular forces governing protein-protein interaction: Structure-function relationship of complexes protein in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4036-4052. [PMID: 33455424 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1871589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of protein-protein interaction (PPI) has been widely used in various industries, such as food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical. A deeper understanding of PPI is needed, and the molecular forces governing proteins and their interaction must be explained. The design of new structures with improved functional properties, e.g., solubility, emulsion, and gelation, has been fueled by the development of structural and colloidal building blocks. In this review, the molecular forces of protein structures are discussed, followed by the relationship between molecular force and structure, ways of a bind of proteins together in solution or at the interface, and functional properties. A more detailed look is thus taken at the relationship between the various influencing factors on molecular forces involved in PPI. These factors include protein properties, such as types, concentration, and mixing ratio, and solvent conditions, such as ionic strength and pH. This review also summarizes methods tha1t are capable of identifying molecular forces in protein and PPI, as well as characterizing protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alrosan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Thuan-Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azhar Mat Easa
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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16
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Garcia-Calvo E, García-García A, Madrid R, Martin R, García T. From Polyclonal Sera to Recombinant Antibodies: A Review of Immunological Detection of Gluten in Foodstuff. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010066. [PMID: 33396828 PMCID: PMC7824297 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten is the ethanol-soluble protein fraction of cereal endosperms like wheat, rye, and barley. It is widely used in the food industry because of the physical-chemical properties it gives to dough. Nevertheless, there are some gluten-related diseases that are presenting increasing prevalences, e.g., celiac disease, for which a strict gluten-free diet is the best treatment. Due to this situation, gluten labeling legislation has been developed in several countries around the world. This article reviews the gluten immune detection systems that have been applied to comply with such regulations. These systems have followed the development of antibody biotechnology, which comprise three major methodologies: polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from hybridoma cells (some examples are 401.21, R5, G12, and α-20 antibodies), and the most recent methodology of recombinant antibodies. Initially, the main objective was the consecution of new high-affinity antibodies, resulting in low detection and quantification limits that are mainly achieved with the R5 mAb (the gold standard for gluten detection). Increasing knowledge about the causes of gluten-related diseases has increased the complexity of research in this field, with current efforts not only focusing on the development of more specific and sensitive systems for gluten but also the detection of protein motifs related to pathogenicity. New tools based on recombinant antibodies will provide adequate safety and traceability methodologies to meet the increasing market demand for gluten-free products.
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17
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High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits: Genetics, Structures, and Relation to End Use Qualities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010184. [PMID: 33375389 PMCID: PMC7795185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are storage proteins present in the starchy endosperm cells of wheat grain. Encoding the synthesis of HMW-GS, the Glu-1 loci located on the long arms of group 1 chromosomes of the hexaploid wheat (1A, 1B, and 1D) present multiple allelism. In hexaploid wheat cultivars, almost all of them express 3 to 5 HMW-GSs and the 1Ay gene is always silent. Though HMW-GSs are the minor components in gluten, they are crucial for dough properties, and certain HMW-GSs make more positive contributions than others. The HMW-GS acts as a "chain extender" and provides a disulfide-bonded backbone in gluten network. Hydrogen bonds mediated by glutamine side chains are also crucial for stabilizing the gluten structure. In most cases, HMW-GSs with additional or less cysteines are related to the formation of relatively more or less interchain disulfide bonds and HMW-GSs also affect the gluten secondary structures, which in turn impact the end use qualities of dough.
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18
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Penuelas J, Gargallo-Garriga A, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Klem K, Urban O, Zhu YG, Sardans J. Could Global Intensification of Nitrogen Fertilisation Increase Immunogenic Proteins and Favour the Spread of Coeliac Pathology? Foods 2020; 9:E1602. [PMID: 33158083 PMCID: PMC7694225 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilisation of cereal crops with nitrogen (N) has increased in the last five decades. In particular, the fertilisation of wheat crops increased by nearly one order of magnitude from 1961 to 2010, from 9.84 to 93.8 kg N ha-1 y-1. We hypothesized that this intensification of N fertilisation would increase the content of allergenic proteins in wheat which could likely be associated with the increased pathology of coeliac disease in human populations. An increase in the per capita intake of gliadin proteins, the group of gluten proteins principally responsible for the development of coeliac disease, would be the responsible factor. We conducted a global meta-analysis of available reports that supported our hypothesis: wheat plants growing in soils receiving higher doses of N fertilizer have higher total gluten, total gliadin, α/β-gliadin, γ-gliadin and ω-gliadin contents and higher gliadin transcription in their grain. We thereafter calculated the per capita annual average intake of gliadins from wheat and derived foods and found that it increased from 1961 to 2010 from approximately 2.4 to 3.8 kg y-1 per capita (+1.4 ± 0.18 kg y-1 per capita, mean ± SE), i.e., increased by 58 ± 7.5%. Finally, we found that this increase was positively correlated with the increase in the rates of coeliac disease in all the available studies with temporal series of coeliac disease. The impacts and damage of over-fertilisation have been observed at an environmental scale (e.g., eutrophication and acid rain), but a potential direct effect of over-fertilisation is thus also possible on human health (coeliac disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences, Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (PSL), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
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Dai S, Xu D, Yan Y, Wen Z, Zhang J, Chen H, Lu Z, Li H, Cong H, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Yan Z. Characterization of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits from Chinese Xinjiang wheat landraces and historical varieties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:3823-3835. [PMID: 32904055 PMCID: PMC7447723 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Landraces and historical varieties are necessary germplasms for genetic improvement of modern cereals. Allelic variations at the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci in 300 common wheat landraces and 43 historical varieties from Xinjiang, China, were evaluated by Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and allele-specific molecular markers. Among the materials investigated, three, nine, and seven alleles were identified from the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, respectively, and a total of 26 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) combinations were found, of which 18 combinations were identified in landraces and historical varieties. Allelic frequency of HMW-GS combinations null, 7 + 8, 2 + 12 was found to be the highest in both the landraces (63.3%) and historical varieties (39.5%). Besides, some distinctive HMW-GS alleles, such as the novel Glu-B1 allele 6.1* + 8.1* and Glu-D1 alleles 2.6 + 12, 2.1 + 10.1, and 5** + 10 were observed in Xinjiang wheat landraces. Among the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci of landraces and historical varieties, a total of eight and nine alleles were found, respectively. At each locus, two novel alleles were identified. A total of 33 low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) combinations of Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 were identified, with 31 and 14 combinations occurring in landraces and historical varieties, respectively, but only 10 combinations shared by both of them. As Glu-D1, Glu-A3, and Glu-B3 have highest contribution to the end-use quality and processing properties as compared to Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D3 locus, the novel or distinctive HMW-GS and LMW-GS alleles in these loci could potentially be utilized for the improvement in the quality of modern wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufen Dai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Yan
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojin Wen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Lu
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Cong
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830091 Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous District People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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20
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Zhao L, Li L, Song L, Liu Z, Li X, Li X. HMW-GS at Glu-B1 Locus Affects Gluten Quality Possibly Regulated by the Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5426-5436. [PMID: 32314918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) on gluten quality and glutenin synthesis based on the cytological, physicochemical, and transcriptional levels using Xinong1718 and its three near-isogenic lines (NILs). Cytological observations showed that the endosperm of Glu-1Bh with Bx14+By15 accumulated more abundant and larger protein bodies at 10 and 16 days after anthesis than the other NILs. Glu-1Bh exhibited higher nitrogen metabolism enzyme gene expression and activity levels. The transcriptional levels of genes encoding HMW-GSs, protein folding, and transcription factors differed significantly among the NILs, and they were highest in Glu-1Bh. Our results demonstrate that variations in the expression patterns of nitrogen metabolism and glutenin synthesis-related genes may account for the differences in the accumulation of glutenin, glutenin macropolymers, and protein bodies, thereby affecting the structural and thermal stability of gluten. These findings provide novel insights into how different HMW-GSs might improve the quality of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Liqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Lijun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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21
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Gao S, Sun G, Liu W, Sun D, Peng Y, Ren X. High‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit compositions in current Chinese commercial wheat cultivars and the implication on Chinese wheat breeding for quality. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department Saint Mary's University Halifax NS Canada
| | - Weihua Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Daokun Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
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22
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Song L, Li L, Zhao L, Liu Z, Xie T, Li X. Absence of Dx2 at Glu-D1 Locus Weakens Gluten Quality Potentially Regulated by Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Glutenin-Related Genes in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041383. [PMID: 32085665 PMCID: PMC7073084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Absence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) Dx2 weakens the gluten quality, but it is unclear how the absence of Dx2 has these effects. Thus, we investigated the gluten quality in terms of cytological, physicochemical, and transcriptional characteristics using two near-isogenic lines with Dx2 absent or present at Glu-D1 locus. Cytological observations showed that absence of Dx2 delayed and decreased the accumulation of protein bodies (PBs), where fewer and smaller PBs formed in the endosperm. The activity and gene expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and proteolysis enzymes were lower in HMW-D1a without Dx2 than HMW-D1p with Dx2, and thus less amino acid was transported for protein synthesis in the grains. The expression pattern of genes encoding Glu-1Dx2+1Dy12 was similar to those of three transcription factors, where these genes were significantly down-regulated in HMW-D1a than HMW-D1p. Three genes involving with glutenin polymerization were also down-regulated in HMW-D1a. These results may explain the changes in the glutenin and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) levels during grain development. Therefore, we suggest that the lower nitrogen metabolism capacity and expression levels of glutenin synthesis-related genes in HMW-D1a accounted for the lower accumulation of glutenin, GMP, and PBs, thereby weakening the structural‒thermal properties of gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuejun Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-29-8708-2022
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23
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Wheat Grain Composition, Dough Rheology and Bread Quality as Affected by Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization and Seeding Density. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Flour from old varieties are usually considered very weak flours, and thus difficult to use in breadmaking especially when processed as Italian “Tipo 2” flour. Hence, the aim of our study was to understand if agronomic treatments can be used to improve flour processability and the quality of three old wheat varieties. An experimental strip-plot scheme was used: three old wheat varieties (Andriolo, Sieve, Verna), two seeding densities, three levels of nitrogen fertilization (N35, N80, and N135), and two levels of foliar sulfur fertilization. Analyzed parameters related to kernel composition, dough rheology and bread quality. Sulfur and nitrogen treatments significantly affected protein composition and dough alveograph strength, which increased by about 34% with nitrogen fertilization, and by about 14% with the sulfur treatment. However, only nitrogen fertilization affected bread characteristics. Crumb density significantly decreased from N35 to N135, while springiness and cohesiveness increased. On the other hand, sulfur did not improve breads. This highlight the importance of performing breadmaking tests in addition to the rheological determinations. The poor technological performance of old wheat flours can be improved with agronomical treatments designed to obtain higher-quality bread.
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24
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Shewry PR, Wan Y, Hawkesford MJ, Tosi P. Spatial distribution of functional components in the starchy endosperm of wheat grains. J Cereal Sci 2020; 91:102869. [PMID: 32089586 PMCID: PMC7015275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The starchy endosperm of the mature wheat grain comprises three major cell types, namely sub-aleurone cells, prismatic cells and central cells, which differ in their contents of functional components: gluten proteins, starch, cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fibre) and lipids. Gradients are established during grain development but may be modified during grain maturation and are affected by plant nutrition, particularly nitrogen application, and environmental factors. Although the molecular controls of their formation are unknown, the high content of protein and low content of starch of sub-aleurone cells, compared to the other starchy endosperm cells types, may result from differences in developmental programming related to the cells having a separate origin (from anticlinal division of the aleurone cells). The gradients within the grain may be reflected in differences in the compositions of mill streams, particularly those streams enriched in the central and outer cells of the starchy endosperm, respectively, allowing the production of specialist flours for specific end uses. The mature starchy endosperm of wheat comprises three cell types. These differ in their contents of functional components. These differences are reflected in the compositions of mill streams. These differences may affect functionality. Hence innovative milling can be used to prepare flours for special uses.
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Key Words
- A, arabinose
- AX, arabinoxylan
- AXOS, arabinoxylan oligosaccharide
- DP, degree of polymerisation
- DPA, days past anthesis
- Dietary fibre
- FTIR, Fourier transform infrared
- GL, galactolipid
- Gluten proteins
- HMW, high molecular weight
- LMW, low molecular weight
- Lipids
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PL, phospholipid
- Polysaccharides
- SIMS, secondary ion mass spectrometry
- Starch
- Starchy endosperm
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- TDF, total dietary fibre
- WE, water-extractable
- WU, water-unextractable
- Wheat
- White flour
- X, xylose
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK.,School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Early Gate, RG6 6AR, Reading, UK
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Paola Tosi
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Early Gate, RG6 6AR, Reading, UK
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25
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Altenbach SB, Chang HC, Rowe MH, Yu XB, Simon-Buss A, Seabourn BW, Green PH, Alaedini A. Reducing the Immunogenic Potential of Wheat Flour: Silencing of Alpha Gliadin Genes in a U.S. Wheat Cultivar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32161604 PMCID: PMC7052357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The alpha gliadins are a group of more than 20 proteins with very similar sequences that comprise about 15%-20% of the total flour protein and contribute to the functional properties of wheat flour dough. Some alpha gliadins also contain immunodominant epitopes that trigger celiac disease, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. In an attempt to reduce the immunogenic potential of wheat flour from the U.S. spring wheat cultivar Butte 86, RNA interference was used to silence a subset of alpha gliadin genes encoding proteins containing celiac disease epitopes. Two of the resulting transgenic lines were analyzed in detail by quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Although the RNA interference construct was designed to target only some alpha gliadin genes, all alpha gliadins were effectively silenced in the transgenic plants. In addition, some off-target silencing of high molecular weight glutenin subunits was detected in both transgenic lines. Compensatory effects were not observed within other gluten protein classes. Reactivities of IgG and IgA antibodies from a cohort of patients with celiac disease toward proteins from the transgenic lines were reduced significantly relative to the nontransgenic line. Both mixing properties and SDS sedimentation volumes suggested a decrease in dough strength in the transgenic lines when compared to the control. The data suggest that it will be difficult to selectively silence specific genes within families as complex as the wheat alpha gliadins. Nonetheless, it may be possible to reduce the immunogenic potential of the flour and still retain many of the functional properties essential for the utilization of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Altenbach
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan B. Altenbach, ; Armin Alaedini,
| | - Han-Chang Chang
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Matthew H. Rowe
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- Takara Bio USA, Inc., Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Xuechen B. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Annamaria Simon-Buss
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bradford W. Seabourn
- Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Peter H. Green
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan B. Altenbach, ; Armin Alaedini,
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26
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Li X, Li Y, Karim H, Li Y, Zhong X, Tang H, Qi P, Ma J, Wang J, Chen G, Pu Z, Li W, Tang Z, Lan X, Deng M, Li Z, Harwood W, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. The production of wheat - Aegilops sharonensis 1S sh chromosome substitution lines harboring alien novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Genome 2019; 63:155-167. [PMID: 31846356 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, a novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) with an extremely large molecular weight from Aegilops sharonensis was identified that may contribute to excellent wheat (Triticum aestivum) processing quality and increased dough strength, and we further generated HMW-GS homozygous lines by crossing. In this study, we crossed the HMW-GS homozygous line 66-17-52 with 'Chinese Spring' Ph1 mutant CS ph1b to induce chromosome recombination between wheat and Ae. sharonensis. SDS-PAGE was used to identify 19 derived F2 lines with the HMW-GSs of Ae sharonensis. The results of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) indicated that lines 6-1 and 6-7 possessed a substitution of both 5D chromosomes by a pair of 1Ssh chromosomes. Further verification by newly developed 1Ssh-specific chromosome markers showed that these two lines amplified the expected fragment. Thus, it was concluded that lines 6-1 and 6-7 are 1Ssh(5D) chromosome substitution lines. The 1Ssh(5D) chromosome substitution lines, possessing alien subunits with satisfactory quality-associated structural features of large repetitive domains and increased number of subunits, may have great potential in strengthening the viscosity and elasticity of dough made from wheat flour. Therefore, these substitution lines can be used for wheat quality improvement and further production of 1Ssh translocation lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hassan Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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27
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Wan Y, Hassall K, Jiang D, Shewry PR, Hawkesford MJ. Gradients of Gluten Proteins and Free Amino Acids along the Longitudinal Axis of the Developing Caryopsis of Bread Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8706-8714. [PMID: 31310118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gradients in the contents and compositions of gluten proteins and free amino acids and the expression levels of gluten protein genes in developing wheat caryopses were determined by dividing the caryopsis into three longitudinal sections, namely, proximal (En1), middle (En2), and distal (En3) to embryo. The total gluten protein content was lower in En1 than in En2 and En3, with decreasing proportions of HMW-GS, LMW GS, and α/β- and γ-gliadins and increasing proportions of ω-gliadins. These differences were associated with the abundances of gluten protein transcripts. Gradients in the proportions of the gluten protein polymers which affect dough processing quality also occurred, but not in total free amino acids. Microscopy showed that the lower gluten protein content in En1 may have resulted, at least in part, from the presence of modified cells in the dorsal part of En1, but the reasons for the differences in composition are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shi
- National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Yan Wang
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Yongfang Wan
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Kirsty Hassall
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technology Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, and Ecology and Production in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P.R. China
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
| | - Malcolm J Hawkesford
- Plant Sciences Department , Rothamsted Research , Harpenden , Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ , U.K
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28
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Bancel E, Bonnot T, Davanture M, Alvarez D, Zivy M, Martre P, Déjean S, Ravel C. Proteomic Data Integration Highlights Central Actors Involved in Einkorn ( Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) Grain Filling in Relation to Grain Storage Protein Composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:832. [PMID: 31333693 PMCID: PMC6620720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Albumins and globulins (AGs) of wheat endosperm represent about 20% of total grain proteins. Some of these physiologically active proteins can influence the synthesis of storage proteins (SPs) (gliadins and glutenins) and consequently, rheological properties of wheat flour and processing. To identify such AGs, data, (published by Bonnot et al., 2017) concerning abundance in 352 AGs and in the different seed SPs during grain filling and in response to different nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) supply, were integrated with mixOmics R package. Relationships between AGs and SPs were first unraveled using the unsupervised method sparse Partial Least Square, also known as Projection to Latent Structure (sPLS). Then, data were integrated using a supervised approach taking into account the nutrition and the grain developmental stage. We used the block.splda procedure also referred to as DIABLO (Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent variable approaches for Omics studies). These approaches led to the identification of discriminant and highly correlated features from the two datasets (AGs and SPs) which are not necessarily differentially expressed during seed development or in response to N or S supply. Eighteen AGs were correlated with the quantity of SPs per grain. A statistical validation of these proteins by genetic association analysis confirmed that 5 out of this AG set were robust candidate proteins able to modulate the seed SP synthesis. In conclusion, this latter result confirmed that the integrative strategy is an adequate way to reduce the number of potentially relevant AGs for further functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bancel
- UMR GDEC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Titouan Bonnot
- UMR GDEC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marlène Davanture
- UMR GQE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agro ParisTech, Université Paris-Sud – Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Alvarez
- UMR GDEC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- UMR GQE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agro ParisTech, Université Paris-Sud – Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Martre
- UMR GDEC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Déjean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219 Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Ravel
- UMR GDEC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR1095, Genetics Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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29
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Expression of the high molecular weight glutenin 1Ay gene from Triticum urartu in barley. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:225-235. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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García-Molina MD, Giménez MJ, Sánchez-León S, Barro F. Gluten Free Wheat: Are We There? Nutrients 2019; 11:E487. [PMID: 30813572 PMCID: PMC6470674 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten proteins, major determinants of the bread-making quality of wheat, are related to several digestive disorders. Advances in plant genetic breeding have allowed the production of wheat lines with very low gliadin content through the use of RNAi and gene editing technologies. In this review, we carried out a comprehensive study of the application of these cutting-edge technologies towards the development of wheat lines devoid of immunogenic gluten, and their genetic, nutritional and clinical characterization. One line, named E82, showed outstanding nutritional properties, with very low immunogenic gluten and a low stimulation capacity of T-cells from celiac patients. Moreover, a clinical trial with non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) patients showed that the consumption of bread made with this E82 low gliadin line induced positive changes in the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores García-Molina
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
- DAFNE Department, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - María José Giménez
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Susana Sánchez-León
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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31
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Cebolla Á, Moreno MDL, Coto L, Sousa C. Gluten Immunogenic Peptides as Standard for the Evaluation of Potential Harmful Prolamin Content in Food and Human Specimen. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1927. [PMID: 30563126 PMCID: PMC6316305 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten is a complex mixture of storage proteins in cereals like wheat, barley, and rye. Prolamins are the main components of gluten. Their high content in proline and glutamine makes them water-insoluble and difficult to digest in the gastrointestinal tract. Partial digestion generates peptide sequences which trigger immune responses in celiac and gluten-sensitive patients. Gluten detection in food is challenging because of the diversity, in various food matrices, of protein proportions or modifications and the huge number of immunogenic sequences with differential potential immunoactivity. Attempts to develop standard reference materials have been unsuccessful. Recent studies have reported the detection of a limited number of dominant Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIP) that share similarities to epitopes presented in the α-gliadin 33-mer, which showed to be highly proteolytic resistant and is considered to be the most immunodominant peptide within gluten in celiac disease (CD). GIP were detectable and quantifiable in very different kind of difficult to analyze food, revealing the potential immunogenicity by detecting T-cell activity of celiac patients. But GIP were also found in stool and urine of celiac patients on a supposedly gluten-free diet (GFD), showing the capacity to resist and be absorbed and excreted from the body, providing the first simple and objective means to assess adherence to the GFD. Methods to specifically and sensitively detect the most active GIP in food and biological fluids are rational candidates may use similar analytical standard references for determination of the immunopathological risk of gluten exposure in gluten-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María de Lourdes Moreno
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | - Carolina Sousa
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Hu M, Liu Q, Sun L, Chen X, Lv L, Liu Y, Jia X, Li H. Deletion of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in wheat significantly reduced dough strength and bread-baking quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:319. [PMID: 30509162 PMCID: PMC6276161 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) play important roles in the elasticity of dough made from wheat. The HMW-GS null line is useful for studying the contribution of HMW-GS to the end-use quality of wheat. METHODS In a previous work, we cloned the Glu-1Ebx gene from Thinopyrum bessarabicum and introduced it into the wheat cultivar, Bobwhite. In addition to lines expressing the Glu-1Ebx gene, we also obtained a transgenic line (LH-11) with all the HMW-GS genes silenced. The HMW-GS deletion was stably inherited as a dominant and conformed to Mendel's laws. Expression levels of HMW-GS were determined by RT-PCR and epigenetic changes in methylation patterns and small RNAs were analyzed. Glutenins and gliadins were separated and quantitated by reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Measurement of glutenin macropolymer, and analysis of agronomic traits and end-use quality were also performed. RESULTS DNA methylation and the presence of small double-stranded RNA may be the causes of post-transcriptional gene silencing in LH-11. The accumulation rate and final content of glutenin macropolymer (GMP) in LH-11 were significantly lower than in wild-type (WT) Bobwhite. The total protein content was not significantly affected as the total gliadin content increased in LH-11 compared to WT. Deletion of HMW-GS also changed the content of different gliadin fractions. The ratio of ω-gliadin increased, whereas α/β- and γ-gliadins declined in LH-11. The wet gluten content, sedimentation value, development time and stability time of LH-11 were remarkably lower than that of Bobwhite. Bread cannot be made using the flour of LH-11. CONCLUSIONS Post-transcriptional gene silencing through epigenetic changes and RNA inhibition appear to be the causes for the gene expression deficiency in the transgenic line LH-11. The silencing of HMW-GW in LH-11 significantly reduced the dough properties, GMP content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, development time and stability time of flour made from this wheat cultivar. The HMW-GS null line may provide a potential material for biscuit-making because of its low dough strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Lijing Sun
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
| | - Xu Jia
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichenxi Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 162 Hengshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 China
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Tosi P, He J, Lovegrove A, Gonzáles-Thuillier I, Penson S, Shewry PR. Gradients in compositions in the starchy endosperm of wheat have implications for milling and processing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018; 82:1-7. [PMID: 30532347 PMCID: PMC6267945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is the major food grain consumed in temperate countries. Most wheat is consumed after milling to produce white flour, which corresponds to the endosperm storage tissue of the grain. Because the starchy endosperm accounts for about 80% of the grain dry weight, the miller aims to achieve flour yields approaching this value. SCOPE AND APPROACH Bioimaging can be combined with biochemical analysis of fractions produced by sequential pearling of whole grains to determine the distributions of components within the endosperm tissue. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS This reveals that endosperm is not homogeneous, but exhibits gradients in composition from the outer to the inner part. These include gradients in both amount and composition. For example, the content of gluten proteins decreases but the proportion of glutenin polymers increases from the outside to the centre of the tissue. However, the content of starch increases with changes in the granule size distribution, the proportions of amylose and amylopectin, and their thermal properties. Hence these parts of the endosperm differ in the functional properties for food processing. Gradients also exist in minor components which may affect health and processing, such as dietary fibre and lipids. The gradients in grain composition are reflected in differences in the compositions of the mill streams which are combined to give white flour (which may number over 20). These differences could therefore be exploited by millers and food processors to develop flours with compositions and properties for specific end uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tosi
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Early Gate, RG6 6AR, Reading, UK
| | - Jibin He
- School of Science, Engineering and Design, Teesside University, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Alison Lovegrove
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | | | - Peter R. Shewry
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
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Nominchuluun K, Yadamsuren M, Mandakh A, Munkhbat T, Chun JB, Park CS, Cho SW. Identification of Genetic Variation of Mongolian Wheat Using Allele-Specific DNA Markers Related to Wheat Quality. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Wang JJ, Yang J, Wang Y, Zheng H, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Ou S, Hu SQ, Chen L. Heat and edible salts induced aggregation of the N-terminal domain of HMW 1Dx5 and its effects on the interfacial properties. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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36
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Analysis of novel high-molecular-weight prolamins from Leymus multicaulis (Kar. et Kir.) Tzvelev and L. chinensis (Trin. ex Bunge) Tzvelev. Genetica 2018; 146:255-264. [PMID: 29748764 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Nine novel high-molecular-weight prolamins (HMW-prolamins) were isolated from Leymus multicaulis and L. chinensis. Based on the structure of the repetitive domains, all nine genes were classified as D-hordeins but not high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) that have been previously isolated in Leymus spp. Four genes, Lmul 1.2, 2.4, 2.7, and Lchi 2.5 were verified by bacterial expression, whereas the other five sequences (1.3 types) were classified as pseudogenes. The four Leymus D-hordein proteins had longer N-termini than those of Hordeum spp. [116/118 vs. 110 amino acid (AA) residues], whereas three (Lmul 1.2, 2.4, and 2.7) contained shorter N-termini than those of the Ps. juncea (116 vs. 118 AA residues). Furthermore, Lmul 1.2 was identified as the smallest D-hordein, and Lmul 1.2 and 2.7 had an additional cysteines. Phylogenetic analysis supported that the nine D-hordeins of Leymus formed two independent clades, with all the 1.3 types clustered with Ps. juncea Ns 1.3, whereas the others were clustered together with the D-hordeins from Hordeum and Ps. juncea and the HMW-GSs from Leymus. Within the clade of four D-hordein genes and HMW-GSs, the HMW-GSs of Leymus formed a separated branch that served as an intermediate between the D-hordeins of Ps. juncea and Leymus. These novel D-hordeins may be potentially utilized in the improvement of food processing properties particularly those relating to extra cysteine residues. The findings of the present study also provide basic information for understanding the HMW-prolamins among Triticeae species, as well as expand the sources of D-hordeins from Hordeum to Leymus.
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Huo N, Zhu T, Altenbach S, Dong L, Wang Y, Mohr T, Liu Z, Dvorak J, Luo MC, Gu YQ. Dynamic Evolution of α-Gliadin Prolamin Gene Family in Homeologous Genomes of Hexaploid Wheat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5181. [PMID: 29581476 PMCID: PMC5980091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat Gli-2 loci encode complex groups of α-gliadin prolamins that are important for breadmaking, but also major triggers of celiac disease (CD). Elucidation of α-gliadin evolution provides knowledge to produce wheat with better end-use properties and reduced immunogenic potential. The Gli-2 loci contain a large number of tandemly duplicated genes and highly repetitive DNA, making sequence assembly of their genomic regions challenging. Here, we constructed high-quality sequences spanning the three wheat homeologous α-gliadin loci by aligning PacBio-based sequence contigs with BioNano genome maps. A total of 47 α-gliadin genes were identified with only 26 encoding intact full-length protein products. Analyses of α-gliadin loci and phylogenetic tree reconstruction indicate significant duplications of α-gliadin genes in the last ~2.5 million years after the divergence of the A, B and D genomes, supporting its rapid lineage-independent expansion in different Triticeae genomes. We showed that dramatic divergence in expression of α-gliadin genes could not be attributed to sequence variations in the promoter regions. The study also provided insights into the evolution of CD epitopes and identified a single indel event in the hexaploid wheat D genome that likely resulted in the generation of the highly toxic 33-mer CD epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naxin Huo
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, 94710, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Susan Altenbach
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Lingli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Toni Mohr
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jan Dvorak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ming-Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Yong Q Gu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, 94710, USA.
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An Overexpressed Q Allele Leads to Increased Spike Density and Improved Processing Quality in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:771-778. [PMID: 29358231 PMCID: PMC5844298 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spike density and processing quality are important traits in modern wheat production and are controlled by multiple gene loci. The associated genes have been intensively studied and new discoveries have been constantly reported during the past few decades. However, no gene playing a significant role in the development of these two traits has been identified. In the current study, a common wheat mutant with extremely compact spikes and good processing quality was isolated and characterized. A new allele (Qc1) of the Q gene (an important domestication gene) responsible for the mutant phenotype was cloned, and the molecular mechanism for the mutant phenotype was studied. Results revealed that Qc1 originated from a point mutation that interferes with the miRNA172-directed cleavage of Q transcripts, leading to its overexpression. It also reduces the longitudinal cell size of rachises, resulting in an increased spike density. Furthermore, Qc1 increases the number of vascular bundles, which suggests a higher efficiency in the transportation of assimilates in the spikes of the mutant than that of wild type. This accounts for the improved processing quality. The effects of Qc1 on spike density and wheat processing quality were confirmed by analyzing nine common wheat mutants possessing four different Qc alleles. These results deepen our understanding of the key roles of Q gene, and provide new insights for the potential application of Qc alleles in wheat quality breeding.
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39
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Wang H, Zhang H, Li B, Yu Z, Li G, Zhang J, Yang Z. Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of New Wheat- Dasypyrum breviaristatum Introgression Lines for Improving Grain Quality of Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:365. [PMID: 29616071 PMCID: PMC5868130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As an important relative of wheat (Triticum aestivum L), Dasypyrum breviaristatum contains novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) encoded by Glu-1Vb genes. We identified new wheat-D. breviaristatum chromosome introgression lines including chromosomes 1Vb and 1VbL.5VbL by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with molecular markers. We found that chromosome changes occurred in the wheat-D. breviaristatum introgression lines and particularly induced the deletion of 5BS terminal repeats and formation of a new type of 5B-7B reciprocal translocation. The results imply that the D. breviaristatum chromosome 1Vb may contain genes which induce chromosomal recombination in wheat background. Ten putative high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) genes from D. breviaristatum and wheat-D. breviaristatum introgression lines were isolated. The lengths of the HMW-GS genes in Dasypyrum were significantly shorter than typical HMW-GS of common wheat. A new y-type HMW-GS gene, named Glu-Vb1y, was characterized in wheat-D. breviaristatum 1Vb introgression lines. The new wheat-D. breviaristatum germplasm displayed reduced plant height, increased tillers and superior grain protein and gluten contents, improved gluten performance index. The results showed considerable potential for utilization of D. breviaristatum chromosome 1Vb segments in future wheat improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangrong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zujun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zujun Yang,
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40
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Girard AL, Bean SR, Tilley M, Adrianos SL, Awika JM. Interaction mechanisms of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) with wheat gluten proteins. Food Chem 2017; 245:1154-1162. [PMID: 29287335 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PA) crosslink wheat gluten, increasing its polymer size and strength. However, mechanisms behind these interactions are unknown. This study used PA of different MW profiles (mean degree of polymerization 8.3 and 19.5) to investigate how PA polymerize gluten. The higher MW PA had greater binding affinity for both glutenins and gliadins than lower MW PA, whereas both PA precipitated glutenins more efficiently than gliadins. The PA preferentially bound the largest of the protein fractions available: high MW glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) over low MW-GS, and ω-gliadins over α- and γ-gliadins. Furthermore, within the HMW-GS, PA bound more of the larger x-type than the smaller y-type. Proanthocyanidins reduced gluten solubility in urea and decreased surface hydrophobicity of glutenins, but not gliadins. The PA appear to preferentially crosslink HMW-GS via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, whereas their interaction with gliadins is dominated by hydrogen bonding and is relatively weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Girard
- Texas A&M University, Soil & Crop Sciences Department, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M University, Nutrition & Food Science Department, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Scott R Bean
- USDA-ARS, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
| | - Michael Tilley
- USDA-ARS, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
| | - Sherry L Adrianos
- USDA-ARS, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
| | - Joseph M Awika
- Texas A&M University, Soil & Crop Sciences Department, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M University, Nutrition & Food Science Department, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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41
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Huo N, Dong L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhu T, Mohr T, Altenbach S, Liu Z, Dvorak J, Anderson OD, Luo MC, Wang D, Gu YQ. New insights into structural organization and gene duplication in a 1.75-Mb genomic region harboring the α-gliadin gene family in Aegilops tauschii, the source of wheat D genome. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:571-583. [PMID: 28857322 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the wheat prolamins important for its end-use traits, α-gliadins are the most abundant, and are also a major cause of food-related allergies and intolerances. Previous studies of various wheat species estimated that between 25 and 150 α-gliadin genes reside in the Gli-2 locus regions. To better understand the evolution of this complex gene family, the DNA sequence of a 1.75-Mb genomic region spanning the Gli-2 locus was analyzed in the diploid grass, Aegilops tauschii, the ancestral source of D genome in hexaploid bread wheat. Comparison with orthologous regions from rice, sorghum, and Brachypodium revealed rapid and dynamic changes only occurring to the Ae. tauschii Gli-2 region, including insertions of high numbers of non-syntenic genes and a high rate of tandem gene duplications, the latter of which have given rise to 12 copies of α-gliadin genes clustered within a 550-kb region. Among them, five copies have undergone pseudogenization by various mutation events. Insights into the evolutionary relationship of the duplicated α-gliadin genes were obtained from their genomic organization, transcription patterns, transposable element insertions and phylogenetic analyses. An ancestral glutamate-like receptor (GLR) gene encoding putative amino acid sensor in all four grass species has duplicated only in Ae. tauschii and generated three more copies that are interspersed with the α-gliadin genes. Phylogenetic inference and different gene expression patterns support functional divergence of the Ae. tauschii GLR copies after duplication. Our results suggest that the duplicates of α-gliadin and GLR genes have likely taken different evolutionary paths; conservation for the former and neofunctionalization for the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naxin Huo
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lingli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yi Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Toni Mohr
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Susan Altenbach
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jan Dvorak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Olin D Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Ming-Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yong Q Gu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
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42
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Cao D, Wang H, Zhang B, Liu B, Liu D, Chen W, Zhang H. Genetic diversity of avenin-like b genes in Aegilops tauschii Coss. Genetica 2017; 146:45-51. [PMID: 29030762 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Avenin-like storage proteins influence the rheological properties and processing quality in common wheat, and the discovery of new alleles will benefit wheat quality improvement. In this study, 13 avenin-like b alleles (TaALPb7D-A-M) were discovered in 108 Aegilops tauschii Coss. accessions. Ten alleles were reported for the first time, while the remaining three alleles were the same as alleles in other species. A total of 15 nucleotide changes were detected in the 13 alleles, resulting in only 11 amino acid changes because of synonymous mutations. Alleles TaALPb7D-E, TaALPb7D-G, and TaALPb7D-J encoded the same protein. These polymorphic sites existed in the N-terminus, Repetitive region (Left), Repetitive region (Right) and C-terminus domains, with no polymorphisms in the signal peptide sequence nor in those encoding the 18 conserved cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis divided the TaALPb7Ds into four clades. The Ae. tauschii alleles were distributed in all four clades, while the alleles derived from common wheat, TaALPb7D-G and TaALPb7D-C, belonged to clade III and IV, respectively. Alleles TaALPb7D-G and TaALPb7D-C were the most widely distributed, being present in nine and six countries, respectively. Iran and Turkey exhibited the highest genetic diversity with respect to TaALPb7D alleles, accessions from these countries carrying seven and six alleles, respectively, which implied that these countries were the centers of origin of the avenin-like b gene. The new alleles discovered and the phylogenetic analysis of avenin-like b genes will provide breeding materials and a theoretical basis for wheat quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Plateau Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China. .,Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China. .,Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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43
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Nunes-Miranda JD, Bancel E, Viala D, Chambon C, Capelo JL, Branlard G, Ravel C, Igrejas G. Wheat glutenin: the “tail” of the 1By protein subunits. J Proteomics 2017; 169:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rakszegi M, Molnár I, Lovegrove A, Darkó É, Farkas A, Láng L, Bedő Z, Doležel J, Molnár-Láng M, Shewry P. Addition of Aegilops U and M Chromosomes Affects Protein and Dietary Fiber Content of Wholemeal Wheat Flour. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1529. [PMID: 28932231 PMCID: PMC5592229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grain fiber is an important health-promoting component in the human diet. One option to improve dietary fiber content and composition in wheat is to introduce genes from its wild relatives Aegilops biuncialis and Aegilops geniculata. This study showed that the addition of chromosomes 2Ug, 4Ug, 5Ug, 7Ug, 2Mg, 5Mg, and 7Mg of Ae. geniculata and 3Ub, 2Mb, 3Mb, and 7Mb of Ae. biuncialis into bread wheat increased the seed protein content. Chromosomes 1Ug and 1Mg increased the proportion of polymeric glutenin proteins, while the addition of chromosomes 1Ub and 6Ub led to its decrease. Both Aegilops species had higher proportions of β-glucan compared to arabinoxylan (AX) than wheat lines, and elevated β-glucan content was also observed in wheat chromosome addition lines 5U, 7U, and 7M. The AX content in wheat was increased by the addition of chromosomes 5Ug, 7Ug, and 1Ub while water-soluble AX was increased by the addition of chromosomes 5U, 5M, and 7M, and to a lesser extent by chromosomes 3, 4, 6Ug, and 2Mb. Chromosomes 5Ug and 7Mb also affected the structure of wheat AX, as shown by the pattern of oligosaccharides released by digestion with endoxylanase. These results will help to map genomic regions responsible for edible fiber content in Aegilops and will contribute to the efficient transfer of wild alleles in introgression breeding programs to obtain wheat varieties with improved health benefits. Key Message: Addition of Aegilops U- and M-genome chromosomes 5 and 7 improves seed protein and fiber content and composition in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rakszegi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár, Hungary
| | - István Molnár
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár, Hungary
| | - Alison Lovegrove
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Éva Darkó
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár, Hungary
| | - András Farkas
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár, Hungary
| | - László Láng
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bedő
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár, Hungary
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc, Czechia
| | - Márta Molnár-Láng
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár, Hungary
| | - Peter Shewry
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, United Kingdom
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Cho SW, Roy SK, Chun JB, Cho KM, Cho K, Park CS. Characterization of a novel y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit at Glu-D1 locus. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Effect of extra cysteine residue of new mutant 1Ax1 subunit on the functional properties of common wheat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7510. [PMID: 28790347 PMCID: PMC5548925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit pair 1Dx5 + 1Dy10 was recognized as superior subunit combination in wheat and contained an extra repetitive-domain cysteine residue in 1Dx5 that was important for understanding the formation of dough viscoelasticity. In this research, one specific serine codon of the 1Ax1 gene corresponding to the extra cysteine residue of 1Dx5 was substituted by a cysteine codon through site-directed mutagenesis. Four homozygous transgenic lines (T4) expressing the mutant 1Ax1 gene (mut1Ax1) were produced. Their greater dough strength and stability were confirmed by mixograph and were associated with highly increased gluten index, larger amounts of gluten macropolymers, larger size distribution for glutenin macropolymer particles and varied sodium-dodecyl-sulfate sedimentation volumes, compared with those of the one line expressing wild 1Ax1 that had similar expression level of transgene. The contents of β-sheets in dough and disulfide groups in gluten of the mut1Ax1 transgenic lines were significantly increased. The microstructure of dough mixed to peak showed a more continuous gluten matrix in the mutant transgenic lines than the one line mentioned-above. It was concluded that the extra cysteine residue of mutant 1Ax1 subunit plays a positive role in contributing to dough strength and stability of wheat by cross-linking into gluten aggregates through inter-chain disulfide bonds.
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Wang JJ, Liu G, Huang YB, Zeng QH, Hou Y, Li L, Ou S, Zhang M, Hu SQ. Dissecting the Disulfide Linkage of the N-Terminal Domain of HMW 1Dx5 and Its Contributions to Dough Functionality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6264-6273. [PMID: 28692254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminal domain of HMW-GS 1Dx5 (1Dx5-N) contains three cysteine residues (Cys10, Cys25, Cys40), which are the basis of gluten network formation through disulfide bonds. Disulfide linkage in 1Dx5-N was dissected by site-directed mutagenesis and LC-MS/MS, and its contributions to structural and conformational stability of 1Dx5-N and dough functionality were investigated by circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence, surface hydrophobicity determination, size exclusion chromatography, nonreducing/reducing SDS-PAGE, atomic force microscopy, and farinographic analysis. Results showed that Cys10 and Cys40 of 1Dx5-N were the active sites for intermolecular linkage. Meanwhile, Cys40 also exhibited the ability to form intrachain disulfide linkage with Cys25. Moreover, Cys10 and Cys40 played a functionally important role in maintaining the structural and conformational stability and high surface hydrophobicity of the N-terminal domain of HMW-GS, which in turn facilitated the formation of HMW polymers and massive disulfide linkage of HMW-GS through hydrophobic interaction. Additionally, the 1Dx5-N mutants in which Cys were replaced by serine (Ser) presented different effects on dough functionality, while only the C25S mutant produced positive effects compared with wild type 1Dx5-N. Na2CO3-induced β-elimination of cystine might occur in glutenin without heating, which would make it much easier to reduce the nutritional quality of flour products by the cost of lysine. Therefore, these results give a deep understanding of the disulfide linkage of the N-terminal domain of HMW-GS and its functional importance, which will provide a practical guide to effectively generate a superior HMW-GS allele by artificial mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Guang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Yan-Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Qiao-Hui Zeng
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University , Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University , Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China
| | - Song-Qing Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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Dong Z, Yang Y, Zhang K, Li Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Liu X, Qin H, Wang D. Development of a new set of molecular markers for examining Glu-A1 variants in common wheat and ancestral species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180766. [PMID: 28683152 PMCID: PMC5500356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), allelic variations of Glu-A1 locus have important influences on grain end-use quality. Among the three Glu-A1 alleles, Glu-A1a and -A1b encode the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) 1Ax1 and 1Ax2*, respectively, whereas Glu-A1c does not specify any subunit. Here, we detected a total of 11 Glu-A1 locus haplotypes (H1 to H11) in three wheat species, by developing and using a new set of DNA markers (Xrj5, Xid3, Xrj6, Xid4 and Xrj7). The main haplotypes found in the diploid wheat T. urartu were H1, H4, H5 and H6, with H1 and H4 expressing both 1Ax and 1Ay subunits. The major haplotypes revealed for tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum) were H1, H8 and H9, with the lines expressing both 1Ax and 1Ay belonging to H1, H4 or H7. Four major haplotypes (H1, H9, H10 and H11) were discovered in common wheat, with Glu-A1a associated with H1 and H8, Glu-A1b with H10 or H11, and Glu-A1c with H9. The Glu-A1 locus haplotypes and the new set of DNA markers have potential to be used for more effectively studying and utilizing the molecular variations of Glu-A1 to improve the end-use quality of common wheat are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanju Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang Z, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu X, Qin H, Dong Z, Zheng S, Zhang K, Wang D. New insight into the function of wheat glutenin proteins as investigated with two series of genetic mutants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3428. [PMID: 28611351 PMCID: PMC5469833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the three major food crops (rice, wheat and maize), wheat is unique in accumulating gluten proteins in its grains. Of these proteins, the high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs and LMW-GSs) form glutenin macropolymers that are vital for the diverse end-uses of wheat grains. In this work, we developed a new series of deletion mutants lacking one or two of the three Glu-1 loci (Glu-A1, -B1 and -D1) specifying HMW-GSs. Comparative analysis of single and double deletion mutants reinforced the suggestion that Glu-D1 (encoding the HMW-GSs 1Dx2 and 1Dy12) has the largest effects on the parameters related to gluten and dough functionalities and breadmaking quality. Consistent with this suggestion, the deletion mutants lacking Glu-D1 or its combination with Glu-A1 or Glu-B1 generally exhibited strong decreases in functional glutenin macropolymers (FGMPs) and in the incorporation of HMW-GSs and LMW-GSs into FGMPs. Further examination of two knockout mutants missing 1Dx2 or 1Dy12 showed that 1Dx2 was clearly more effective than 1Dy12 in promoting FGMPs by enabling the incorporation of more HMW-GSs and LMW-GSs into FGMPs. The new insight obtained and the mutants developed by us may aid further research on the control of wheat end-use quality by glutenin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yushuang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huanju Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuhai Zheng
- Zhaoxian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhaoxian, 051530, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Daowen Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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50
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Yu X, Chen X, Wang L, Yang Y, Zhu X, Shao S, Cui W, Xiong F. Novel insights into the effect of nitrogen on storage protein biosynthesis and protein body development in wheat caryopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2259-2274. [PMID: 28472326 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and cytological mechanisms concerning the effects of nitrogen on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) storage protein biosynthesis and protein body development remain largely elusive. We used transcriptome sequencing, proteomics techniques, and light microscopy to investigate these issues. In total, 2585 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 57 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found 7 days after anthesis (DAA), and 2456 DEGs and 64 DEPs were detected 18 DAA after nitrogen treatment. Gene ontology terms related to protein biosynthesis processes enriched these numbers by 678 and 582 DEGs at 7 and 18 DAA, respectively. Further, 25 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were involved in protein biosynthesis at both 7 and 18 DAA. DEPs related to storage protein biosynthesis contained gliadin and glutenin subunits, most of which were up-regulated after nitrogen treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that some gliadin and glutenin subunit encoding genes were differentially expressed at 18 DAA. Structural observation revealed that wheat endosperm accumulated more and larger protein bodies after nitrogen treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest that nitrogen treatment enhances storage protein content, endosperm protein body quantity, and partial processing quality by altering the expression levels of certain genes involved in protein biosynthesis pathways and storage protein expression at the proteomics level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenxue Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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