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Lipoxin and glycation in SREBP signaling: Insight into diabetic cardiomyopathy and associated lipotoxicity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106698. [PMID: 36379414 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes increases cardiovascular risk through hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis. Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates glycation reaction, which forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, hyperglycemia with enhanced levels of cholesterol, native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids, and oxidative stress induces lipotoxicity. Accelerated glycation and disturbed lipid metabolism are characteristic features of diabetic heart failure. SREBP signaling plays a significant role in lipid and glucose homeostasis. AGEs increase lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting SREBP signaling. While anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, lipoxins resolve inflammation caused by lipotoxicity by upregulating the PPARγ expression and regulating CD36. PPARγ connects the bridge between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling. A summary of treatment modalities against diabetic cardiomyopathy is given in brief. This review indicates the novel therapeutic approach in the crosstalk between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling.
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2
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Effects of Drosophila melanogaster regular exercise and apolipoprotein B knockdown on abnormal heart rhythm induced by a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262471. [PMID: 35657779 PMCID: PMC9165823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal heart rhythm is a common cardiac dysfunction in obese patients, and its pathogenesis is related to systemic lipid accumulation. The cardiomyocyte-derived apoLpp (homologous gene in Drosophila of the human apolipoprotein B) plays an important role in whole-body lipid metabolism of Drosophila under a high-fat diet (HFD). Knockdown of apoLpp derived from cardiomyocytes can reduce HFD-induced weight gain and abdominal lipid accumulation. In addition, exercise can reduce the total amount of apoLpp in circulation. However, the relationship between regular exercise, cardiomyocyte-derived apoLpp and abnormal heart rhythm is unclear. We found that an HFD increased the level of triglyceride (TG) in the whole-body, lipid accumulation and obesity in Drosophila. Moreover, the expression of apoLpp in the heart increased sharply, the heart rate and arrhythmia index increased and fibrillation occurred. Conversely, regular exercise or cardiomyocyte-derived apoLpp knockdown reduced the TG level in the whole-body of Drosophila. This significantly reduced the arrhythmia induced by obesity, including the reduction of heart rate, arrhythmia index, and fibrillation. Under HFD conditions, flies with apoLpp knockdown in the heart could resist the abnormal cardiac rhythm caused by obesity after receiving regular exercise. HFD-induced obesity and abnormal cardiac rhythm may be related to the acute increase of cardiomyocyte-derived apoLpp. Regular exercise and inhibition of cardiomyocyte-derived apoLpp can reduce the HFD-induced abnormal cardiac rhythm.
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3
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NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413228. [PMID: 34948026 PMCID: PMC8707657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as a common complication of diabetes, is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key sensor mediating innate immune and inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms initiating and promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in DCM is largely unexplored. The aim of the present review is to describe the link between NLRP3 inflammasome and DCM, and to provide evidence highlighting the importance of exercise training in DCM intervention. Collectively, this evidence suggests that DCM is an inflammatory disease aggravated by NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated release of IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, chronic exercise intervention is an effective preventive and therapeutic method to alleviate DCM via modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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4
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Zhou Y, Feng Y, Zhang W, Li H, Zhang K, Wu Z. Physical Exercise in Managing Takayasu Arteritis Patients Complicated With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:603354. [PMID: 34055922 PMCID: PMC8149735 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.603354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a kind of large-vessel vasculitis that mainly affects the aorta and its branches, and the patients are usually women at a relatively young age. The chronic inflammation of arteries in TA patients leads to stenosis, occlusion, dilatation, or aneurysm formation. Patients with TA thereby have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications, which are the most common cause of mortality. This review summarizes the main cardiovascular complications and the risk factors of cardiovascular complications in patients with TA. Here, we discuss the benefits and potential risks of physical exercise in patients with TA and give recommendations about exercise prescription for TA patients to decrease the risks of CVD and facilitate rehabilitation of cardiovascular complications, which might maximally improve the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenbiao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
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5
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Kar S, Shahshahan HR, Hackfort BT, Yadav SK, Yadav R, Kambis TN, Lefer DJ, Mishra PK. Exercise Training Promotes Cardiac Hydrogen Sulfide Biosynthesis and Mitigates Pyroptosis to Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120638. [PMID: 31835893 PMCID: PMC6943713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of developing diabetes and subsequently, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM). Reduced cardioprotective antioxidant hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and increased inflammatory cell death via pyroptosis contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling and DMCM. Although exercise training (EX) has cardioprotective effects, it is unclear whether EX mitigates obesity-induced DMCM by increasing H₂S biosynthesis and mitigating pyroptosis in the heart. C57BL6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) while undergoing treadmill EX for 20 weeks. HFD mice developed obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, which were reduced by EX. Left ventricle pressure-volume measurement revealed that obese mice developed reduced diastolic function with preserved ejection fraction, which was improved by EX. Cardiac dysfunction was accompanied by increased cardiac pyroptosis signaling, structural remodeling, and metabolic remodeling, indicated by accumulation of lipid droplets in the heart. Notably, EX increased cardiac H₂S concentration and expression of H₂S biosynthesis enzymes. HFD-induced obesity led to features of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and subsequently DMCM. EX during the HFD regimen prevented the development of DMCM, possibly by promoting H₂S-mediated cardioprotection and alleviating pyroptosis. This is the first report of EX modulating H₂S and pyroptotic signaling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.K.); (H.R.S.); (B.T.H.); (S.K.Y.); (R.Y.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Hamid R. Shahshahan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.K.); (H.R.S.); (B.T.H.); (S.K.Y.); (R.Y.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Bryan T. Hackfort
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.K.); (H.R.S.); (B.T.H.); (S.K.Y.); (R.Y.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.K.); (H.R.S.); (B.T.H.); (S.K.Y.); (R.Y.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Roopali Yadav
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.K.); (H.R.S.); (B.T.H.); (S.K.Y.); (R.Y.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Tyler N. Kambis
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.K.); (H.R.S.); (B.T.H.); (S.K.Y.); (R.Y.); (T.N.K.)
| | - David J. Lefer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Paras K. Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.K.); (H.R.S.); (B.T.H.); (S.K.Y.); (R.Y.); (T.N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-8524; Fax: +1-402-559-4438
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6
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Wu NN, Tian H, Chen P, Wang D, Ren J, Zhang Y. Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111436. [PMID: 31739509 PMCID: PMC6912418 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise may positively affect various cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose metabolism, heart function, endothelial function, and body fat composition. With the ever-rising prevalence of obesity and other types of metabolic diseases, as well as sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise of moderate intensity has been indicated to benefit cardiovascular health and reduce overall disease mortality. Exercise offers a wide cadre of favorable responses in the cardiovascular system such as improved dynamics of the cardiovascular system, reduced prevalence of coronary heart diseases and cardiomyopathies, enhanced cardiac reserve capacity, and autonomic regulation. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has indicated an emerging role for autophagy, a conservative catabolism process to degrade and recycle cellular organelles and nutrients, in exercise training-offered cardiovascular benefits. Regular physical exercise as a unique form of physiological stress is capable of triggering adaptation while autophagy in particular selective autophagy seems to be permissive to such cardiovascular adaptation. Here in this mini-review, we will summarize the role for autophagy in particular mitochondrial selective autophagy namely mitophagy in the benefit versus risk of physical exercise on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ne N. Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (Y.Z.)
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7
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Tsai FJ, Ho TJ, Cheng CF, Shiao YT, Chien WK, Chen JH, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin CW, Lin JG, Lan YC, Liu YH, Hung CH, Lin JC, Lin CC, Lai CH, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine usage in ischemic heart disease patients among type 2 diabetes and their protection against hydrogen peroxide-mediated apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15470-15489. [PMID: 28099940 PMCID: PMC5362500 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for long-term use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjuvant treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains limited. This study aimed to assess the frequency of use, utilization patterns, and therapeutic effects of adjuvant CHM for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with T2D in Taiwan. We identified 4620 IHD patients with T2D. After matching for age, gender, and insulin use, 988 subjects each were allocated to a CHM group and a non-CHM group. There were no differences in baseline characteristics except for comorbidities. The CHM group contained more cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hepatitis, ulcer disease, and hyperlipidemia. The cumulative survival probability was higher in CHM users than in matched non-CHM users aged 60 years or older (P < .0001, log rank test) regardless of gender (P = .0046 for men, P = .0010 for women, log rank test). Among the top 12 CHM combinations, Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang and Shao-Yao-Gan-Cao-Tang (13.6%) were the most common. This dual combination improved antiapoptotic activity in H2O2-exposed H9C2 cells by enhancing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and could increase the survival of myocardial cells. Our study suggests that adjuvant CHM therapy may increase the survival probability and provides a comprehensive list for future investigations of the safety and efficacy of CHM for IHD patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzone Shiao
- Heart Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuei Chien
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lan
- Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang-Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Effects of Chinese herbal medicines on the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and protection of ARPE-19 retina cells by inhibiting oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63528-63550. [PMID: 28969009 PMCID: PMC5609941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes and the leading cause of acquired blindness. In Taiwan, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a popular adjunctive therapy. In this study, we investigated the CHM prescription patterns and their effects. We identified 23,701 subjects with type 2 diabetes in a database, and after matching for age and gender, 6,948 patients each were assigned to CHM and non-CHM groups. In the female subgroups, the cumulative retinopathy probability was lower for the CHM users than that for the CHM non-users (P < 0.001, log-rank test). Among the top 10 CHMs, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS; 52.9%), Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang (SJHXT; 45.1%), and Ge-Gen-Tang (GGT; 43.7%) were the most common herbal formulas. Yan-Hu-Suo (48.1%), Ge-Gen (42.1%), and Huang-Qin (HQin; 40.1%) were the most common single herbs. CHM network analysis showed that JWXYS was the core CHM of cluster 1. JWXYS, DS, XF, and SZRT exhibited both of the reductions of H2O2-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) in human ARPE-19 retina cells. In cluster 2, SJHXT was the core CHM. SJHXT and NX showed both of the phosphorylation reductions. In cluster 3, GGT was the core CHM, and it reduced the phosphorylation of both MAPKs. In cluster 4, HQin was the core CHM, and it also reduced the phosphorylation of both MAPKs. Our study suggests that adjunctive CHM therapy may reduce diabetic retinopathy via antioxidant activity of the herbs and provides information on core CHM treatments for further scientific investigations or therapeutic interventions.
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Prophylactic acetylsalicylic acid attenuates the inflammatory response but fails to protect exercise-induced liver damage in exercised rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 786:204-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Exercise Training Attenuates Upregulation of p47(phox) and p67(phox) in Hearts of Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5868913. [PMID: 26989452 PMCID: PMC4771908 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5868913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) is currently being used as a nonpharmacological strategy to improve cardiac function in diabetic patients. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its beneficial effects remains poorly understood. Oxidative stress is known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and one of the enzyme systems that produce reactive oxygen species is NADH/NADPH oxidase. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes on expression of p47(phox) and p67(phox), key regulatory subunits of NADPH oxidase, in cardiac tissues and determine whether ExT can attenuate these changes. Four weeks after STZ treatment, expression of p47(phox) and p67(phox) increased 2.3-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, in left ventricles of diabetic rats and these increases were attenuated with three weeks of ExT, initiated 1 week after onset of diabetes. In atrial tissues, there was increased expression of p47(phox) (74%), which was decreased by ExT in diabetic rats. Furthermore, increased collagen III levels in diabetic hearts (52%) were significantly reduced by ExT. Taken together, ExT attenuates the increased expression of p47(phox) and p67(phox) in the hearts of diabetic rats which could be an underlying mechanism for improving intracardiac matrix and thus cardiac function and prevent cardiac remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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11
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Lin YJ, Ho TJ, Yeh YC, Cheng CF, Shiao YT, Wang CB, Chien WK, Chen JH, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin CW, Pang HY, Lin JG, Lan YC, Liu YH, Chen SY, Tsai FJ, Liang WM. Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Improves the Overall Survival Rate of Individuals with Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Modulates In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145109. [PMID: 26699542 PMCID: PMC4689379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic, multifactorial, and metabolic disorder accounting for 90% diabetes cases worldwide. Among them, almost half of T2D have hypertension, which is responsible for cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality in these patients. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) prescription patterns of hypertension individuals among T2D patients have yet to be characterized. This study, therefore, aimed to determine their prescription patterns and evaluate the CHM effect. A cohort of one million randomly sampled cases from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was used to investigate the overall survival rate of CHM users, and prescription patterns. After matching CHM and non-CHM users for age, gender and date of diagnosis of hypertension, 980 subjects for each group were selected. The CHM users were characterized with slightly longer duration time from diabetes to hypertension, and more cases for hyperlipidaemia. The cumulative survival probabilities were higher in CHM users than in non-CHM users. Among these top 12 herbs, Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Dan-Shen, and Ge-Gen were the most common herbs and inhibited in vitro smooth muscle cell contractility. Our study also provides a CHM comprehensive list that may be useful in future investigation of the safety and efficacy for individuals with hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzone Shiao
- Heart Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Bi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuei Chien
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Pang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lan
- Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (FJT); (WML)
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (FJT); (WML)
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12
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Erekat NS, Al-Jarrah MD, Al Khatib AJ. Treadmill Exercise Training Improves Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in the Cardiac Muscle of Type I Diabetic Rats. Cardiol Res 2014; 5:23-29. [PMID: 28392871 PMCID: PMC5358275 DOI: 10.14740/cr314w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is a potent mitogen for endothelial cells that is involved in angiogenesis. Cardiac VEGF is decreased in many pathologic conditions, including diabetes mellitus and aging. Exercise training has improved VEGF expression in the aging heart. Thus, the aim of our study is to illustrate the impact of treadmill exercise training on the cardiac VEGF expression in type I diabetic rats. Methods Twenty normal Sprague-Dawley rats and Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into the following equal groups: sedentary control (SC), exercised control (EC), sedentary diabetic rats (SD) and exercised diabetic rats (ED). Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate VEGF expression in the cardiac tissue in each of the four different groups. Results Cardiac VEGF expression was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in SD compared with that in SC. However, exercise training significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced VEGF expression in the cardiac tissue in ED compared with that in SD. Conclusion Our present data suggest that treadmill exercise training improved diabetes-induced downregulation in the cardiac VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Erekat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, JUST, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahed J Al Khatib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, JUST, Irbid, Jordan
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13
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Collagen and reticular fibers in left ventricular muscle in diabetic rats: Physical exercise prevents its changes? Tissue Cell 2011; 43:24-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ren J, Kelley RO. Cardiac health in women with metabolic syndrome: clinical aspects and pathophysiology. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1114-23. [PMID: 19214173 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the classical cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., smoking and hypertension) are becoming more effectively managed, a continuous increase of the so-called "cardiometabolic risk" is noted. Starting from this century, the nomenclature "metabolic syndrome" has become more popular to identify a cluster of disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. It is a primary risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in both genders. Interestingly, the metabolic diseases display a distinct gender disparity with an apparent "female advantage" in the premenopausal women compared with age-matched men. However, women usually lose such "sex protection" following menopause or affliction of metabolic syndrome especially insulin resistance. A controversy exists in the medical literature concerning whether metabolic syndrome is a real syndrome or simply a cluster of risk factors. Several scenarios are speculated to contribute to the gender dimorphism in the cardiovascular sequelae in patients with metabolic syndrome including sex hormones, intrinsic organ function, and the risk factor profile (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and atherogenic diet). With the alarming rise of obesity prevalence, heart problems in metabolic syndrome continue to rise with a distinct gender dimorphism. Although female hearts seem to better tolerate the stress insults compared with the male counterparts, the female sex hormones such as estrogen can interact with certain risk factors to precipitate myopathic changes in the hearts. This synthetic review of recent literature suggests a role of gender disparity in myopathic factors and risk attributable to each metabolic component in the different prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.
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15
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Abstract
This review discusses physical activity counseling in primary care, including evidence-based perspectives on optimizing the risk-benefit ratio for the majority of patients who are not physically fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Terre
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City,
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16
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased throughout the world in many ethnic groups and among people with diverse social and economic backgrounds. This increase has also affected the young such that over the past decade, the increase in the number of children and youth with T2DM has been labeled an 'epidemic'. Before the 1990s, it was rare for most pediatric centers to have significant numbers of patients with T2DM. However, by 1994, T2DM patients represented up to 16% of new cases of diabetes in children in urban areas and by 1999, depending on geographic location, the range of percentage of new cases because of T2DM was 8-45% and disproportionately represented among minority populations. Although the diagnosis was initially regarded with skepticism, T2DM is now a serious diagnostic consideration in all young people who present with signs and symptoms of diabetes in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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17
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Wu S, Ren J. Benfotiamine alleviates diabetes-induced cerebral oxidative damage independent of advanced glycation end-product, tissue factor and TNF-alpha. Neurosci Lett 2005; 394:158-62. [PMID: 16260089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus leads to thiamine deficiency and multiple organ damage including diabetic neuropathy. This study was designed to examine the effect of benfotiamine, a lipophilic derivative of thiamine, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cerebral oxidative stress. Adult male FVB mice were made diabetic with a single injection of STZ (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Fourteen days later, control and diabetic (fasting blood glucose >13.9 mM) mice received benfotiamine (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 14 days. Oxidative stress and protein damage were evaluated by glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) assay and protein carbonyl formation, respectively. Pro-oxidative or pro-inflammatory factors including advanced glycation end-product (AGE), tissue factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Four weeks STZ treatment led to hyperglycemia, enhanced cerebral oxidative stress (reduced GSH/GSSG ratio), elevated TNF-alpha and AGE levels without changes in protein carbonyl or tissue factor. Benfotiamine alleviated diabetes-induced cerebral oxidative stress without affecting levels of AGE, protein carbonyl, tissue factor and TNF-alpha. Collectively, our results indicated benfotiamine may antagonize diabetes-induced cerebral oxidative stress through a mechanism unrelated to AGE, tissue factor and TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82071, USA
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18
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Ceylan-Isik AF, Wu S, Li Q, Li SY, Ren J. High-dose benfotiamine rescues cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 100:150-6. [PMID: 16166234 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00988.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by cardiac dysfunction. This study was designed to examine the effect of benfotiamine, a lipophilic derivative of thiamine, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in mouse cardiomyocytes. Adult male FVB mice were made diabetic with a single injection of STZ (200 mg/kg ip). Fourteen days later, control and diabetic (fasting plasma glucose > 13.9 mM) mice were put on benfotiamine therapy (100 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) ip) for another 14 days. Mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties were evaluated in left ventricular myocytes using an IonOptix MyoCam system. The following indexes were evaluated: peak shortening (PS), time to PS (TPS), time to 90% relengthening (TR90), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, resting and rise of intracellular Ca2+ in response to electrical stimulus, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, and intracellular Ca2+ decay rate (tau). Two- or four-week STZ treatment led to hyperglycemia, prolonged TPS and TR90, reduced SR Ca2+ load, elevated resting intracellular Ca2+ level and prolonged tau associated with normal PS, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, and intracellular Ca2+ rise in response to electrical stimulus. Benfotiamine treatment abolished prolongation in TPS, TR90, and tau, as well as reduction in SR Ca2+ load without affecting hyperglycemia and elevated resting intracellular Ca2+. Diabetes triggered oxidative stress, measured by GSH-to-GSSG ratio and formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) in the hearts. Benfotiamine treatment alleviated oxidative stress without affecting AGE or protein carbonyl formation. Collectively, our results indicated that benfotiamine may rescue STZ-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction but not AGE formation in short-term diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli F Ceylan-Isik
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
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19
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Wold LE, Ceylan-Isik AF, Ren J. Oxidative stress and stress signaling: menace of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26:908-17. [PMID: 16038622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the diabetic population and is currently one of the leading causes of death in the United States and other industrialized countries. The health care expenses associated with cardiovascular disease are staggering, reaching more than 350 billion dollars in 2003. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease include high fat/cholesterol levels, alcoholism, smoking, genetics, environmental factors and hypertension, which are commonly used to gauge an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease and to track their progress during therapy. Most recently, these factors have become important in the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and breakdown by endogenous antioxidants, has been implicated in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure and diabetes-associated heart dysfunction (diabetic cardiomyopathy). Antioxidant therapy has shown promise in preventing the development of diabetic heart complications. This review focuses on recent advances in oxidative stress theory and antioxidant therapy in diabetic cardiomyopathy, with an emphasis on the stress signaling pathways hypothesized to be involved. Many of these stress signaling pathways lead to activation of reactive oxygen species, major players in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren E Wold
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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20
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Wei C, Penumetcha M, Santanam N, Liu YG, Garelnabi M, Parthasarathy S. Exercise might favor reverse cholesterol transport and lipoprotein clearance: potential mechanism for its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1723:124-7. [PMID: 15820521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Livers of C57 BL/6 mice exercised for 2 weeks showed a dramatic increase in scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), CD36 and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and a decrease in acetyl LDL receptor gene expression. These effects on lipoprotein receptors are reminiscent of the effects mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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21
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Pinhas-Hamiel O, Zeitler P. Advances in epidemiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes in children. Adv Pediatr 2005; 52:223-59. [PMID: 16124343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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22
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Broderick TL, Poirier P, Gillis M. Exercise training restores abnormal myocardial glucose utilization and cardiac function in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005; 21:44-50. [PMID: 15386820 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental studies have shown that a reduction in myocardial glucose utilization is a factor contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study determined whether exercise training could prevent the depression in glucose utilization observed in the diabetic rat heart. METHODS Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After 10 weeks of treadmill running, exogenous myocardial glucose utilization and cardiac function were determined in isolated working hearts perfused under aerobic conditions and then subjected to a 60-min period of low-flow ischemia followed by reperfusion. RESULTS Compared to aerobically perfused sedentary control hearts, rates of myocardial glucose oxidation and glycolysis were lower in diabetic hearts. Diabetes was also characterized by a pronounced decrease in cardiac function. Following exercise training, rates of myocardial glucose oxidation and glycolysis were restored and cardiac performance was improved compared to sedentary diabetic hearts. During low-flow ischemia, the decrease in glycolysis observed in hearts of sedentary diabetic rats was attenuated following exercise training. Following ischemia, glucose oxidation and glycolysis returned to preischemic levels in all groups. However, hearts from trained diabetic animals had higher rates of glucose oxidation compared to their respective sedentary group. This was accompanied by an enhanced recovery of heart function following ischemia. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that exercise training is effective in preventing the depression in myocardial glucose metabolism observed in the diabetic rat. This may explain the benefits of exercise in preventing cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom L Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 19555 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
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23
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Ren J, Ceylan-Isik AF. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: do women differ from men? Endocrine 2004; 25:73-83. [PMID: 15711018 DOI: 10.1385/endo:25:2:073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 10/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although many aspects of cardiovascular disease are similar between women and men, it is becoming increasingly obvious that there are significant differences as well. Premenopausal women usually have a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases than age-matched men and postmenopausal women. However, the "female advantage" disappears once women are afflicted with diabetes mellitus. Heart diseases are twice as common in diabetic men and five times as common in diabetic women. It is believed that differences in sex hormones and intrinsic myocardial and endothelial functions between men and women may be responsible for this female "advantage" and "disadvantage" in normal and diabetic conditions. Most experimental and clinical studies on diabetes only included male subjects and failed to address this important gender difference in diabetic heart complications. Although female hearts may be better tolerated to stress (such as ischemia) insults than their male counterparts, female sex hormone such as estrogen may interact with certain risk factors under diabetes which may compromise the overall cardiac function. The benefit versus risk of estrogen replacement therapy on cardiac function and overall cardiovascular health in diabetes remains controversial. This review will focus on gender-related difference in diabetic heart complication--diabetic cardiomyopathy--and if gender differences in intrinsic myocardial contraction, polyol pathway metabolism, and advanced glycation endproduct formation and other neuroendocrinal regulatory mechanisms to the heart may contribute to disparity in diabetic cardiomyopathy between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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24
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Korte FS, Mokelke EA, Sturek M, McDonald KS. Exercise improves impaired ventricular function and alterations of cardiac myofibrillar proteins in diabetic dyslipidemic pigs. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 98:461-7. [PMID: 15465890 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00551.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diabetes is often associated with cardiomyopathy, which may result, in part, from defects in cardiac muscle proteins. We investigated whether a 20-wk porcine model of diabetic dyslipidemia (DD) would impair in vivo myocardial function and yield alterations in cardiac myofibrillar proteins and whether endurance exercise training would improve these changes. Myocardial function was depressed in anesthetized DD pigs (n = 12) compared with sedentary controls (C; n = 13) as evidenced by an approximately 30% decrease in left ventricular fractional shortening and an approximately 35% decrease in +dP/dt measured by noninvasive echocardiography and direct cardiac catheterization, respectively. This depression in myocardial function was improved with chronic exercise as treadmill-trained DD pigs (DDX) (n = 13) had significantly greater fractional shortening and +dP/dt than DD animals. Interestingly, the isoform expression pattern of the myofibrillar regulatory protein, cardiac troponin T (cTnT), was significantly shifted from cTnT1 toward cTnT2 and cTnT3 in DD pigs. Furthermore, this change in cTnT isoform expression pattern was prevented in DDX pigs. Finally, there was a decrease in baseline levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase-induced phosphorylation of the myofibrillar proteins troponin I and myosin-binding protein-C in DD animals. Overall, these results indicate that 20 wk of DD lead to myocardial dysfunction coincident with significant alterations in myofibrillar proteins, both of which are prevented with endurance exercise training, implying that changes in myofibrillar proteins may contribute, at least in part, to cardiac dysfunction associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Steven Korte
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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Davidoff AJ, Mason MM, Davidson MB, Carmody MW, Hintz KK, Wold LE, Podolin DA, Ren J. Sucrose-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction is both preventable and reversible with clinically relevant treatments. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 286:E718-24. [PMID: 15102617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified cardiomyocyte dysfunction in the early stage of type 2 diabetes (i.e., diet-induced insulin resistance). The present investigation was designed to determine whether a variety of clinically relevant interventions are sufficient to prevent and reverse cardiomyocyte dysfunction in sucrose (SU)-fed insulin-resistant rats. Subsets of animals were allowed to exercise (free access to wheel attached to cage) or were treated with bezafibrate in drinking water to determine whether these interventions would prevent the adverse effects of SU feeding on cardiomyocyte function. After 6-8 wk on diet and treatment, animals were surgically prepared to assess whole body insulin sensitivity (intravenous glucose tolerance test), and isolated ventricular myocyte mechanics were evaluated (video edge recording). SU feeding produced hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, with euglycemia, and induced characteristic whole body insulin resistance. Both exercise and bezafibrate treatment prevented these metabolic abnormalities. Ventricular myocyte shortening and relengthening were slower in SU-fed rats (42-63%) compared with starch (ST)-fed controls, and exercise or bezafibrate completely prevented cardiomyocyte dysfunction in SU-fed rats. In separate cohorts of animals, after 5 wk of SU feeding, animals were either switched back to an ST diet or given menhaden oil for an additional 7-9 wk to determine whether the cardiomyocyte dysfunction was reversible. Both interventions have previously been shown to have favorable metabolic effects, and both improved myocyte mechanics, but only the ST diet reversed all indications of cardiomyocyte dysfunction induced by SU feeding. Thus phenotypic changes in cardiomyocyte mechanics associated with early stages of type 2 diabetes were found to be both preventable and reversible with clinically relevant treatments, suggesting that the cellular processes contributing to this dysfunction are modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Davidoff
- Univ. of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, 11 Hills Beach Rd., Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
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