1
|
Sardana K, Mathachan SR, Khurana A. Tofacitinib: A Treatment Option for Recalcitrant Polymorphic Light Eruption and Its Mechanistic Rationale. Dermatitis 2024; 35:246-249. [PMID: 38265448 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: Polymorphous light eruption is largely characterized by a delayed-type (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction to 1 or more undefined endogenous ultraviolet-induced skin antigens. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of tofacitinib in refractory cases of polymorphous light eruption. Methods: Seven patients who had failed multiple systemic treatments or relapsed within 2 weeks of existing systemic agents with concomitant photoprotection were offered tofacitinib after written consent. Results: Initiation of tofacitinib led to a marked reduction of itching (mean ± SD 3.1 ± 1.12 days) followed by clinical resolution (mean ± SD 2.6 ± 1.1 weeks). The duration of therapy ranged from 1 to 3 months (mean ± SD 2 ± 0.63 months), and 4 of 7 patients had a recurrence in 5.5 weeks and were again initiated on tofacitinib with a prompt response. Conclusion: Tofacitinib inhibits Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK3 thus it can abrogate the effects of the predominant cytokine milieu of polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) and thus reduce the expression of aberrant inflammatory T lymphocyte expression in PMLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Sardana
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ananta Khurana
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, ABVIMS and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maji L, Sengupta S, Purawarga Matada GS, Teli G, Biswas G, Das PK, Panduranga Mudgal M. Medicinal chemistry perspective of JAK inhibitors: synthesis, biological profile, selectivity, and structure activity relationship. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5. [PMID: 38236444 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
JAK-STAT signalling pathway was discovered more than quarter century ago. The JAK-STAT pathway protein is considered as one of the crucial hubs for cytokine secretion which mediates activation of different inflammatory, cellular responses and hence involved in different etiological factors. The various etiological factors involved are haematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. The presence of the active mutation V617K plays a significant role in the progression of the JAK-STAT pathway-related disease. Consequently, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach for addressing a range of causative factors. In this current review, we provided a comprehensive discussion for the in-detail study of anatomy and physiology of the JAK-STAT pathway which contributes structural domain rearrangement, activation, and negative regulation associated with the downstream signaling pathway, relationship between different cytokines and diseases. This review also discussed the recent development of clinical trial entities. Additionally, this review also provides updates on FDA-approved drugs. In the current investigation, we have classified recently developed small molecule inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway according to different chemical classes and we emphasized their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gourab Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronoy Kanti Das
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
López-Mejía JA, Mantilla-Ollarves JC, Rocha-Zavaleta L. Modulation of JAK-STAT Signaling by LNK: A Forgotten Oncogenic Pathway in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14777. [PMID: 37834225 PMCID: PMC10573125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Tumors that express hormone receptors account for 75% of all cases. Understanding alternative signaling cascades is important for finding new therapeutic targets for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. JAK-STAT signaling is commonly activated in hormone receptor-positive breast tumors, inducing inflammation, proliferation, migration, and treatment resistance in cancer cells. In hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, the JAK-STAT cascade is stimulated by hormones and cytokines, such as prolactin and IL-6. In normal cells, JAK-STAT is inhibited by the action of the adaptor protein, LNK. However, the role of LNK in breast tumors is not fully understood. This review compiles published reports on the expression and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by IL-6 and prolactin and potential inhibition of the cascade by LNK in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Additionally, it includes analyses of available datasets to determine the level of expression of LNK and various members of the JAK-STAT family for the purpose of establishing associations between expression and clinical outcomes. Together, experimental evidence and in silico studies provide a better understanding of the potential implications of the JAK-STAT-LNK loop in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A. López-Mejía
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
| | - Jessica C. Mantilla-Ollarves
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico; (J.A.L.-M.); (J.C.M.-O.)
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Gu L, Xiao J, Jin F. Knockdown of RBM15 inhibits tumor progression and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:684. [PMID: 37474926 PMCID: PMC10360283 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA binding motif protein 15 (RBM15), a writer of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, contributes significantly to the development of various tumors. However, the function of RBM15 in cervical cancer (CC) has not been determined. METHODS Based on the GSE9750, GSE63514, and m6A datasets, m6A-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. The hub genes were identified by generating a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. RT-qPCR was conducted to assess the mRNA expression of hub genes. CCK8, scratch wound healing, and transwell assays were utilized to examine the influence of RBM15 on HeLa and SiHa cells. Tumor xenograft models were used to assess the effects of RBM15 on tumorigenesis. A mechanistic analysis of RBM15 in CC tumors was conducted using the GeneCards and Coxpresdb databases, followed by a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and the pathway-related genes were subsequently validated using Western blotting. RESULTS Five DEGs were screened, including WTAP, RBM15, CBLL1, and YTHDC2. Among them, WTAP, RBM15, CBLL1, and YTHDC2 were hub genes and can be used as biomarkers for CC. RBM15 expression was considerably increased, while WTAP, CBLL1, and YTHDC2 were significantly downregulated. Knockdown of RBM15 significantly suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CC cells and tumorigenesis. Moreover, knockdown of RBM15 significantly reduced the expression levels of proteins related to the JAK-STAT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of RBM15 inhibited the progression of CC cells, which probably by inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunnian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Liqin Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No. 16, Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou City, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gombos G, Németh N, Pös O, Styk J, Buglyó G, Szemes T, Danihel L, Nagy B, Balogh I, Soltész B. New Possible Ways to Use Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapy via JAK/STAT Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1904. [PMID: 37514090 PMCID: PMC10386711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have the potential to be the future of personalized diagnostics and therapy. They are nano-sized particles between 30 and 100 nm flowing in the extracellular milieu, where they mediate cell-cell communication and participate in immune system regulation. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) secreted from different types of cancer cells are the key regulators of the tumor microenvironment. With their immune suppressive cargo, TDEs prevent the antitumor immune response, leading to reduced effectiveness of cancer treatment by promoting a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Involved signaling pathways take part in the regulation of tumor proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Signal transducers and activators of transcription factors (STATs) and Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathways are crucial in malignancies and autoimmune diseases alike, and their potential to be manipulated is currently the focus of interest. In this review, we aim to discuss exosomes, TDEs, and the JAK/STAT pathways, along with mediators like interleukins, tripartite motif proteins, and interferons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Gombos
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Németh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Styk
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Merciful Brothers University Hospital, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaudhary R, Meher A, Krishnamoorthy P, Kumar H. Interplay of host and viral factors in inflammatory pathway mediated cytokine storm during RNA virus infection. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100062. [PMID: 37273890 PMCID: PMC10238879 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses always have been a serious concern for human health by causing several outbreaks, often pandemics. The excessive mortality and deaths associated with the outbreaks caused by these viruses were due to the excessive induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to cytokine storm. Cytokines are important for cell-to-cell communication to maintain cell homeostasis. Disturbances of this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in a massive release of cytokines. This could lead to a severe self-reinforcement of several feedback processes, which could eventually cause systemic harm, multiple organ failure, or death. Multiple inflammation-associated pathways were involved in the cytokine production and its regulation. Different RNA viruses induce these pathways through the interplay with their viral factors and host proteins and miRNAs regulating these pathways. This review will discuss the interplay of host proteins and miRNAs that can play an important role in the regulation of cytokine storm and the possible therapeutic potential of these molecules for the treatment and the challenges associated with the clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Aparna Meher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valle-Mendiola A, Gutiérrez-Hoya A, Soto-Cruz I. JAK/STAT Signaling and Cervical Cancer: From the Cell Surface to the Nucleus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1141. [PMID: 37372319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway constitutes a rapid signaling module from the cell surface to the nucleus, and activates different cellular responses, such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and inflammation. When the JAK/STAT pathway is altered, it contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. STAT proteins play a central role in developing cervical cancer, and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling may be necessary to induce tumor cell death. Several cancers show continuous activation of different STATs, including cervical cancer. The constitutive activation of STAT proteins is associated with a poor prognosis and overall survival. The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins E6 and E7 play an essential role in cervical cancer progression, and they activate the JAK/STAT pathway and other signals that induce proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, there is a crosstalk between the JAK/STAT signaling cascade with other signaling pathways, where a plethora of different proteins activate to induce gene transcription and cell responses that contribute to tumor growth. Therefore, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway shows promise as a new target in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway components and the role of the HPV oncoproteins associated with cellular malignancy through the JAK/STAT proteins and other signaling pathways to induce tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Valle-Mendiola
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez-Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
- Cátedra CONACYT, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Isabel Soto-Cruz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar S, Mehan S, Narula AS. Therapeutic modulation of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ signaling in neurological dysfunctions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:9-49. [PMID: 36478124 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) cascade is a pleiotropic pathway that involves receptor subunit multimerization. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase that perceives and integrates a variety of intracellular and environmental stimuli to regulate essential activities such as cell development and metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a prototypical metabolic nuclear receptor involved in neural differentiation and axon polarity. The JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling pathways serve as a highly conserved signaling hub that coordinates neuronal activity and brain development. Additionally, overactivation of JAK/STAT, mTOR, and inhibition of PPARγ signaling have been linked to various neurocomplications, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Emerging research suggests that even minor disruptions in these cellular and molecular processes can have significant consequences manifested as neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Of interest, target modulators have been proven to alleviate neuronal complications associated with acute and chronic neurological deficits. This research-based review explores the therapeutic role of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling modulators in preventing neuronal dysfunctions in preclinical and clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India.
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu J, Wang F, Luo F. The Role of JAK/STAT Pathway in Fibrotic Diseases: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010119. [PMID: 36671504 PMCID: PMC9855819 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There are four members of the JAK family and seven of the STAT family in mammals. The JAK/STAT molecular pathway could be activated by broad hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and more. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway extensively mediates various biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune regulation. JAK/STAT activation is closely related to growth and development, homeostasis, various solid tumors, inflammatory illness, and autoimmune diseases. Recently, with the deepening understanding of the JAK/STAT pathway, the relationship between JAK/STAT and the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases was noticed, including the liver, renal, heart, bone marrow, and lung. JAK inhibitor has been approved for myelofibrosis, and subsequently, JAK/STAT may serve as a promising target for fibrosis in other organs. Therefore, this article reviews the roles and mechanisms of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Faping Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fengming Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18980601355
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun H, Ma D, Cheng Y, Li J, Zhang W, Jiang T, Li Z, Li X, Meng H. The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in Epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2049-2069. [PMID: 36518035 PMCID: PMC10556373 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221214170234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is defined as spontaneous recurrent seizures in the brain. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory mediators and immune cells are involved in epileptic seizures. As more research is done on inflammatory factors and immune cells in epilepsy, new targets for the treatment of epilepsy will be revealed. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcriptional activator (JAKSTAT) signaling pathway is strongly associated with many immune and inflammatory diseases, At present, more and more studies have found that the JAK-STAT pathway is involved in the development and development of epilepsy, indicating the JAK-STAT pathway's potential promise as a target in epilepsy treatment. In this review, we discuss the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway and the relationship between the JAK-STAT pathway and epilepsy. In addition, we summarize the common clinical inhibitors of JAK and STAT that we would expect to be used in epilepsy treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaai Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoran Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bartziokas K, Fouka E, Loukides S, Steiropoulos P, Bakakos P, Papaioannou AI. IL-26 in the Lung and Its Role in COPD Inflammation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101685. [PMID: 36294822 PMCID: PMC9605572 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-26 is a cytokine expressed by infiltrating pro-inflammatory IL-17-producing T cells in the tissues of patients with chronic lung inflammation. IL-26 induces the chemotactic response of human neutrophils to bacteria and other inflammatory stimuli. In recent years, the innovative properties of IL-26 have been described. Studies have shown that, as DNA is released from damaged cells, it binds to IL-26, which plays the role of a carrier molecule for extracellular DNA, further contributing to its binding to the site of inflammation. This mechanism of action indicates that IL-26 may serve both as a driver as well as a stimulus of the inflammatory process, leading to the installation of a noxious amplification loop and, eventually, persistent inflammation. IL-26 also demonstrates direct antimicrobial effects derived from its capability to create pores and disrupt bacterial membranes, as indicated by the presence of membrane blebs on the surface of the bacteria and cytosolic leakage pores in bacterial walls, produced in response to microbial stimuli in human airways by several different immune and structural cells. Surprisingly, while this particular cytokine induces the gathering of neutrophils in areas of infection, it also exhibits inhibitory and pro-inflammatory effects on airway epithelial and immune cells. These remarkable effects underline the necessity of a better understating of its biological behavior and its role in the pathophysiology and disease burden in several smoking-related airway inflammatory disorders, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis. In this review, we aim to discuss the current role of IL-26 in the lung, with an emphasis on systemic inflammation in patients suffering from COPD and chronic bronchitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Fouka
- Respiratory Medicine Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University General Hospital Dragana, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, “Sotiria” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana I. Papaioannou
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, “Sotiria” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-21-0583-1163; Fax: +30-21-0583-1184
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abousaad S, Ahmed F, Abouzeid A, Ongeri EM. Meprin β expression modulates the interleukin-6 mediated JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15468. [PMID: 36117389 PMCID: PMC9483619 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Meprin metalloproteinases have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced kidney injury. Previous in vitro data showed that meprin β proteolytically processes interleukin-6 (IL-6) resulting in its inactivation. Recently, meprin-β was also shown to cleave the IL-6 receptor. The goal of this study was to determine how meprin β expression impacts IL-6 and downstream modulators of the JAK2-STAT3-mediated signaling pathway in IR-induced kidney injury. IR was induced in 12-week-old male wild-type (WT) and meprin β knockout (βKO) mice and kidneys obtained at 24 h post-IR. Real-time PCR, western blot, and immunostaining/microscopy approaches were used to quantify mRNA and protein levels respectively, and immunofluorescence counterstaining with proximal tubule (PT) markers to determine protein localization. The mRNA levels for IL-6, CASP3 and BCL-2 increased significantly in both genotypes. Interestingly, western blot data showed increases in protein levels for IL-6, CASP3, and BCL-2 in the βKO but not in WT kidneys. However, immunohistochemical data showed increases in IL-6, CASP3, and BCL-2 proteins in select kidney tubules in both genotypes, shown to be PTs by immunofluorescence counterstaining. IR-induced increases in p-STAT-3 and p-JAK-2 in βKO at a global level but immunoflourescence counterstaining demonstrated p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 increases in select PT for both genotypes. BCL-2 increased only in the renal corpuscle of WT kidneys, suggesting a role for meprins expressed in leukocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed higher levels of leukocyte infiltration in WT kidneys when compared to βKO kidneys. The present data demonstrate that meprin β modulates IR-induced kidney injury in part via IL-6/JAK2/STAT3-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Abousaad
- Department of KinesiologyCollege of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Faihaa Ahmed
- Department of KinesiologyCollege of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ayman Abouzeid
- Department of KinesiologyCollege of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Elimelda Moige Ongeri
- Department of KinesiologyCollege of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan X, Zheng Y, Zeng H, Peng Y, Yu X, Cao S. Inhibition of Mer exacerbates early brain injury by regulating microglia/macrophage phenotype after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106659. [PMID: 35901587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polarization of microglia/macrophages toward the pro-inflammatory phenotype is a crucial contributor to neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Mer belongs to the TAM receptor tyrosine kinases family, which is known to play a significant role in the resolution of inflammation. However, the effect and mechanism of Mer after SAH remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of Mer on modulating the microglia/macrophage phenotype and neuroinflammation and possible potential mechanism after SAH. METHOD Endovascular perforation model of SAH was performed. There are 3 parts in this study. Firstly, the time course of Mer expression was determined within 72 hours after SAH. Secondly, the effect of Mer downregulation on brain water content, neurological function, and microglial polarization was evaluated at 24 h after SAH. Thirdly, the neuroprotective effects of pharmacological Mer agonist were assessed. RESULT The expression of Mer increased after SAH, and was prominently localized in microglia/macrophages. Treatment with Mer siRNA increased pro-inflammatory phenotype and decreased anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophage, thus resulted in exacerbation of neurological deficits and brain edema after SAH. Mechanistically, the downregulation of Mer inhibited the downstream anti-inflammatory signals, SOCS1/SOCS3, by decreasing phosphorylated STATs. CONCLUSION Mer is involved in the microglia/macrophage polarization and inflammation resolution after SAH, and that mechanism, at least in part, may contribute to the involvement of the STATs/SOCSs pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhai Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:402. [PMID: 34824210 PMCID: PMC8617206 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cardona K, Medina J, Orrego-Cardozo M, Restrepo de Mejía F, Elcoroaristizabal X, Naranjo Galvis CA. Inflammatory gene expression profiling in peripheral blood from patients with Alzheimer's disease reveals key pathways and hub genes with potential diagnostic utility: a preliminary study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12016. [PMID: 34484988 PMCID: PMC8381883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease caused by central nervous system disorders. Late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Differences at the expression level of certain genes, resulting from either genetic variations or environmental interactions, might be one of the mechanisms underlying differential risks for developing AD. Peripheral blood genome transcriptional profiling may provide a powerful and minimally invasive tool for the identification of novel targets beyond Aβ and tau for AD research. METHODS This preliminary study explores molecular pathogenesis of LOAD-related inflammation through next generation sequencing, to assess RNA expression profiles in peripheral blood from five patients with LOAD and 10 healthy controls. RESULTS The analysis of RNA expression profiles revealed 94 genes up-regulated and 147 down-regulated. Gene function analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) and KOBAS-Kyoto Encyclopedia of DEGs and Genomes (KEGG) pathways indicated upregulation of interferon family (INF) signaling, while the down-regulated genes were mainly associated with the cell cycle process. KEGG metabolic pathways mapping showed gene expression alterations in the signaling pathways of JAK/STAT, chemokines, MAP kinases and Alzheimer disease. The results of this preliminary study provided not only a comprehensive picture of gene expression, but also the key processes associated with pathology for the regulation of neuroinflammation, to improve the current mechanisms to treat LOAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cardona
- Facultad de Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Javier Medina
- Facultad de Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Mary Orrego-Cardozo
- Facultad de Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cordes F, Lenker E, Weinhage T, Spille LJ, Bettenworth D, Varga G, Schmidt HH, Foell D. Impaired IFN-γ-dependent STAT3 Activation Is Associated With Dysregulation of Regulatory and Inflammatory Signaling in Monocytes of Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:887-901. [PMID: 33165509 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitor tofacitinib has been recently approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) but not Crohn's disease (CD). Systematic analysis of the JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory bowel disease is still missing. The aim of this study was to investigate JAK/STAT activation and adjacent signaling in monocytes of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, which are key players in inflammatory responses. METHODS Blood samples of active UC (n = 28) and CD patients (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 22) were collected for primary monocyte investigation. STAT phosphorylation (pSTAT), cytokine secretion, and surface marker expression ± prior tofacitinib blockade in addition to Th-17 and regulatory T cell induction in cocultures were analyzed upon interferon (IFN)-γ timulation. RESULTS Baseline frequencies of pSTAT1+ and pSTAT3+ monocytes were significantly higher in UC, whereas IFN-γ-associated crosstalk induction of pSTAT3+ monocytes was missing in UC-derived monocytes compared with controls and CD. This coincided with decreased interleukin (IL)-10 and cluster of differentiation (CD)39 levels, diminished regulatory T cell (Treg) induction, and increased IL-12 and IL-23 secretion compared with controls, which was not observed in CD monocytes. Tofacitinib induced stronger inhibition of inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6, TNFα, IL-12, IL-23) in UC compared with CD monocytes. CONCLUSIONS In UC monocytes, IFN-γ-associated activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is impaired with an imbalance between STAT1 and STAT3, coinciding with stronger induction of inflammatory monocytes by IFN-γ compared with controls or CD. The fact that tofacitinib had stronger regulatory impact on UC than on CD monocytes further underlines a stronger inflammatory involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway in UC pathogenesis, which might result from missing STAT3 activation to counteract STAT1-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Lenker
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Toni Weinhage
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea J Spille
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073334. [PMID: 33805156 PMCID: PMC8037621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the important medical and social problem. According to modern concepts, COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease, macrophages play a key role in its pathogenesis. Macrophages are heterogeneous in their functions, which is largely determined by their immunometabolic profile, as well as the features of lipid homeostasis, in which the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role. The objective of this work is the analysis of the ABCA1 protein participation and the function of reverse cholesterol transport in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of the ABCA1 gene in lung tissues takes the second place after the liver, which indicates the important role of the carrier in lung function. The participation of the transporter in the development of COPD consists in provision of lipid metabolism, regulation of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Violation of the processes in which ABCA1 is involved may be a part of the pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the formation of a heterogeneous clinical course of the disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cordes F, Foell D, Ding JN, Varga G, Bettenworth D. Differential regulation of JAK/STAT-signaling in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4055-4075. [PMID: 32821070 PMCID: PMC7403801 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, the pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib was launched for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Although tofacitinib has proven efficacious in patients with active UC, it failed in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This finding strongly hints at a different contribution of JAK signaling in both entities. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, we provide a detailed overview of the differences and similarities of JAK/STAT-signaling in UC and CD, highlight the impact of the JAK/STAT pathway in experimental colitis models and summarize the published evidence on JAK/STAT-signaling in immune cells of IBD as well as the genetic association between the JAK/STAT pathway and IBD. Finally, we describe novel treatment strategies targeting JAK/STAT inhibition in UC and CD and comment on the limitations and challenges of the new drug class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - John Nik Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cordes F, Lenker E, Spille LJ, Weinhage T, Bettenworth D, Kessel C, Schmidt HH, Foell D, Varga G. Tofacitinib Reprograms Human Monocytes of IBD Patients and Healthy Controls Toward a More Regulatory Phenotype. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:391-406. [PMID: 31560043 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibition of Janus kinases (JAKs) and subsequent signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) by tofacitinib represents a new therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) as clinical trials have led to approval of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis (UC) and hint at a possible efficacy for Crohn`s disease (CD). However, the impact of tofacitinib on cellular response of monocytes, which are key players in inflammatory responses, has not been investigated so far. We aimed to analyze JAK/STAT-inhibition by tofacitinib in monocytes of IBD patients and healthy controls. METHODS Primary monocytes of IBD patients with active disease and healthy controls (n = 18) were analyzed for cytokine expression and phenotype after granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/interferon (IFN)γ-stimulation and tofacitinib pretreatment (1-1000 nM) and capacity to induce Foxp3+-regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cocultures. In total, 20 UC patients and 21 CD patients were included. Additionally, dose-dependent inhibition of JAK/STAT-phosphorylation was analyzed in controls. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory costimulation with GM-CSF/IFNγ resulted in significant tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 increase, whereas IL-10 expression decreased in monocytes. Tofacitinib modulated the responses of activated monocytes toward a regulatory phenotype through reduced TNFα and IL-6 secretion and enhanced Treg induction in cocultures. However, in monocytes from active IBD patients, higher tofacitinib dosages were needed for blockade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tofacitinib induced stronger regulatory phenotypes in monocytes of UC patients, including more effective inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways and better restoration of anti-inflammatory mechanisms as compared with CD-derived monocytes. CONCLUSION Tofacitinib dose-dependently reprograms monocytes toward a more regulatory cell type. This beneficial effect possibly results from selective JAK/STAT-blockade by adequate tofacitinib dosage with inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses and permission of a balance-shift toward regulatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Lenker
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lea J Spille
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Toni Weinhage
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cervilha DAB, Ito JT, Lourenço JD, Olivo CR, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Volpini RA, Oliveira-Junior MC, Mauad T, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC, Vieira RP, Lopes FDTQS. The Th17/Treg Cytokine Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation in an Animal Model of Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Lipopolysaccharide Challenge Association. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1921. [PMID: 30760822 PMCID: PMC6374436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed an experimental model to verify the Th17/Treg cytokine imbalance in COPD exacerbation. Forty C57BL/6 mice were exposed to room air or cigarette smoke (CS) (12 ± 1 cigarettes, twice a day, 30 min/exposure and 5 days/week) and received saline (50 µl) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg in 50 µl of saline) intratracheal instillations. We analyzed the mean linear intercept, epithelial thickness and inflammatory profiles of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs. We evaluated macrophages, neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Treg cells, and IL-10+ and IL-17+ cells, as well as STAT-3, STAT-5, phospho-STAT3 and phospho-STAT5 levels using immunohistochemistry and IL-17, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, CXCL1 and CXCL2 levels using ELISA. The study showed that CS exposure and LPS challenge increased the numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Simultaneous exposure to CS/LPS intensified this response and lung parenchymal damage. The densities of Tregs and IL-17+ cells and levels of IL-17 and IL-6 were increased in both LPS groups, while IL-10 level was only increased in the Control/LPS group. The increased numbers of STAT-3, phospho-STAT3, STAT-5 and phospho-STAT5+ cells corroborated the increased numbers of IL-17+ and Treg cells. These findings point to simultaneous challenge with CS and LPS exacerbated the inflammatory response and induced diffuse structural changes in the alveolar parenchyma characterized by an increase in Th17 cytokine release. Although the Treg cell differentiation was observed, the lack of IL-10 expression and the decrease in the density of IL-10+ cells observed in the CS/LPS group suggest that a failure to release this cytokine plays a pivotal role in the exacerbated inflammatory response in this proposed model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A B Cervilha
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana T Ito
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana D Lourenço
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice R Olivo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of post-graduation of Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant, University City of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Saraiva-Romanholo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of post-graduation of Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant, University City of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rildo A Volpini
- Nephrology Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D T Q S Lopes
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi Y, Zhang Z, Qu X, Zhu X, Zhao L, Wei R, Guo Q, Sun L, Yin X, Zhang Y, Li X. Roles of STAT3 in leukemia (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:7-20. [PMID: 29749432 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of hematopoietic malignancy, and the incidence rate in the United States and European Union increases by an average of 0.6 to 0.7% annually. The incidence rate in China is approximately 5.17/100,000 individuals, and the mortality rate is 3.94/100,000 individuals. Leukemia is the most common tumor affecting children and adults under 35 years of age, and is one of the major diseases leading to the death of adolescents. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a vital regulatory factor of signal transduction and transcriptional activation, and once activated, the phosphorylated form of STAT3 (p-STAT3) is transferred into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes, and plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other physiological processes. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that the abnormal activation of STAT3 is involved in the development of tumors. In this review, the roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of leukemia are discussed in the aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, with the aim to further clarify the roles of STAT3 in leukemia, and shed light into possible novel targets and strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Ran Wei
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Sun
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xunqiang Yin
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Expression of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Bullous Pemphigoid and Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6716419. [PMID: 29203970 PMCID: PMC5674508 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6716419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of eleven proteins comprises the Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, which enables transduction of signal from cytokine receptor to the nucleus and activation of transcription of target genes. Irregular functioning of the cascade may contribute to pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases; however, there are no reports concerning autoimmune bullous diseases yet to be published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of proteins constituting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in skin lesions and perilesional area in dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and bullous pemphigoid (BP), as well as in the control group. Skin biopsies were collected from 21 DH patients, from 20 BP patients, and from 10 healthy volunteers. The localization and expression of selected STAT and JAK proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. We found significantly higher expression of JAK/STAT proteins in skin lesions in patients with BP and DH, in comparison to perilesional skin and the control group, which may be related to proinflammatory cytokine network and induction of inflammatory infiltrate in tissues. Our findings suggest that differences in the JAK and STAT expression may be related to distinct cytokines activating them and mediating neutrophilic and/or eosinophilic infiltrate.
Collapse
|
23
|
Péant B, Gilbert S, Le Page C, Poisson A, L'Ecuyer E, Boudhraa Z, Bienz MN, Delvoye N, Saad F, Mes-Masson AM. IκB-Kinase-epsilon (IKKε) over-expression promotes the growth of prostate cancer through the C/EBP-β dependent activation of IL-6 gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14487-14501. [PMID: 27577074 PMCID: PMC5362420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been shown to induce the nuclear translocation of androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells and to activate the androgen receptors in a ligand-independent manner, suggesting it may contribute to the development of a castrate-resistant phenotype. Elevated IL-6 serum levels have also been associated with metastasis-related morbidity in prostate cancer patients. We have previously established that over-expression of I-kappa-B-kinase-epsilon (IKKε also named IKKi or IκBKε) in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines induces IL-6 secretion. We have also reported that prostate cancer cell lines lacking androgen receptor expression exhibit high constitutive IKKε expression and IL-6 secretion. In the present study, we validated the impact of IKKε depletion on the in vitro proliferation of castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells, and characterized how IKKε depletion affects tumor growth and IL-6 tumor secretion in vivo through a mouse xenograft-based approach. We observed a significant growth delay in IKKε-silenced PC-3 cells injected in SCID mice fed with a doxycycline-supplemented diet in comparison with mice fed with a normal diet. We also found a decrease in IL-6 secretion levels that strongly correlated with tumor growth inhibition. Finally, using constructs with various IL-6-mutated promoters, we demonstrated that IKKε over-expression induces a NF-κB-independent stimulation of the IL-6 gene promoter through the activation and nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor C/EBP-β. Our study demonstrates the pro-proliferative role of the oncogene IKKε in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, involving the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of C/EBP-β that initiates IL-6 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Péant
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexis Poisson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emilie L'Ecuyer
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zied Boudhraa
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Nicolas Bienz
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathalie Delvoye
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Hôpital Saint Luc (CHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Truong AD, Rengaraj D, Hong Y, Hoang CT, Hong YH, Lillehoj HS. Differentially expressed JAK-STAT signaling pathway genes and target microRNAs in the spleen of necrotic enteritis-afflicted chicken lines. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:235-243. [PMID: 28525837 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The JAK signal transducer and STAT signaling pathway is an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, motility, apoptosis, immune response, and development. In this study, we used RNA-Sequencing, qRT-PCR, and bioinformatics tools to investigate the differential expression of JAK-STAT pathway genes, their interactions, and regulators in the spleen of two genetically disparate chicken lines (Marek's disease-resistant line 6.3 and MD-susceptible line 7.2) induced necrotic enteritis (NE) disease by co-infection with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. Using RNA-Seq analysis, we identified a total of 116 JAK-STAT pathway genes that were differentially expressed in the spleen of these chickens. All of the identified genes were analyzed through clustering, mapping to the KEGG chicken JAK-STAT pathway, and the Pathway Studio program. Of the 116 JAK-STAT pathway genes, 20 were further verified by qRT-PCR. According to the RNA-Seq results, several key genes, including STAT1-6, JAK1-3, TYK2, AKT1, AKT3, SOCS1-5, PIAS1, PIAS2, PIAS4, SHP1, SHP2, and PIK3, showed marked differential expression in the two lines, relative to their respective controls. Moreover, the RNA-Seq results of many key genes were highly correlated with the qRT-PCR results. Finally, we predicted 63 mature miRNAs that variably target JAK-STAT pathway genes and are differentially expressed in the spleen of chickens of both lines. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze most of the genes, interactions, and regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway in the innate immune response to NE disease in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duc Truong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Cong Thanh Hoang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Analysis of JAK-STAT signaling pathway genes and their microRNAs in the intestinal mucosa of genetically disparate chicken lines induced with necrotic enteritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 187:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
26
|
Li D, Wei J, Yang F, Liu HN, Zhu ZX, Cao WJ, Li S, Liu XT, Zheng HX, Shu HB. Foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein VP3 degrades Janus kinase 1 to inhibit IFN-γ signal transduction pathways. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:850-60. [PMID: 26901336 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1151584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To replicate efficiently in vivo, FMDV has evolved methods to circumvent host antiviral defense mechanisms, including those induced by interferons (IFNs). Previous research has focused on the effect of FMDV L(pro) and 3C(pro) on type I IFNs. In this study, FMDV VP3 was found to inhibit type II IFN signaling pathways. The overexpression of FMDV VP3 inhibited the IFN-γ-triggered phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701 and the subsequent expression of downstream genes. Mechanistically, FMDV VP3 interacted with JAK1/2 and inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization and nuclear accumulation of STAT1. FMDV VP3 also disrupted the assembly of the JAK1 complex and degraded JAK1 but not JAK2 via a lysosomal pathway. Taken together, the results reveal a novel mechanism used by which FMDV VP3 counteracts the type II IFN signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Jin Wei
- b Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Fan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hua-Nan Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Shu Li
- b Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiang-Tao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- b Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu JS, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Hsu YC, Wu YH, Hsieh CL, Lee JC. Celastrol inhibits dengue virus replication via up-regulating type I interferon and downstream interferon-stimulated responses. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:49-57. [PMID: 27847245 PMCID: PMC7113783 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance and aim of the study Tripterygium wilfordii (lei gong teng; Thunder of God Vine), a member of the Celastraceae family, is a medicinal plant used to treat a range of illnesses. Celastrol is a quinone methide triterpene and the most abundant bioactive constituent isolated from the root extracts of T. wilfordii. Previous studies have shown that celastrol exhibits antiviral activity against HIV and SARS-CoV. To date, no investigations of the anti-DENV activity of celastrol have been reported. This work aimed to investigate the anti-DENV effect and possible mechanism of celastrol in vitro and in vivo. Methods A four-serotype DENV infection system was performed to determine the anti-DENV effect of celastrol by detecting DENV RNA replication and protein synthesis. The precise anti-DENV replication mechanism of celastrol was clarified using specific RNA silencing and specific inhibitor. In addition, the therapeutic efficacy of celastrol was evaluated by monitoring survival rates and clinical scores in a DENV-infected Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mouse model. Results Celastrol inhibited DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4 RNA replication with EC50 values of 0.19 ± 0.09, 0.12 ± 0.11, 0.16 ± 0.14, and 0.17 ± 0.08 μM, respectively. This antiviral effect of celastrol was associated with celastrol-induced interferon-α (IFN-α) expression and was attenuated by a specific inhibitor of the JAK–STAT signaling pathway downstream of IFN-α or specific shRNA. Furthermore, celastrol protected ICR suckling mice against life-threatening DENV infection. Conclusion Celastrol represents a potential anti-DENV agent that induces IFN-α expression and stimulates a downstream antiviral response, making the therapy a promising drug or dietary supplement for the treatment of DENV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5a and STAT5b) are highly homologous proteins that are encoded by 2 separate genes and are activated by Janus-activated kinases (JAK) downstream of cytokine receptors. STAT5 proteins are activated by a wide variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cytokines and growth factors, all of which use the JAK-STAT signalling pathway as their main mode of signal transduction. STAT5 proteins critically regulate vital cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The physiological importance of STAT5 proteins is underscored by the plethora of primary human tumors that have aberrant constitutive activation of these proteins, which significantly contributes to tumor cell survival and malignant progression of disease. STAT5 plays an important role in the maintenance of normal immune function and homeostasis, both of which are regulated by specific members of IL-2 family of cytokines, which share a common gamma chain (γ(c)) in their receptor complex. STAT5 critically mediates the biological actions of members of the γ(c) family of cytokines in the immune system. Essentially, STAT5 plays a critical role in the function and development of Tregs, and consistently activated STAT5 is associated with a suppression in antitumor immunity and an increase in proliferation, invasion, and survival of tumor cells. Thus, therapeutic targeting of STAT5 is promising in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Rani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom
| | - John J Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yew-Booth L, Birrell MA, Lau MS, Baker K, Jones V, Kilty I, Belvisi MG. JAK–STAT pathway activation in COPD. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:843-5. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00228414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
30
|
O'Sullivan KE, Reynolds JV, O'Hanlon C, O'Sullivan JN, Lysaght J. Could signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 be a therapeutic target in obesity-related gastrointestinal malignancy? J Gastrointest Cancer 2014; 45:1-11. [PMID: 24163144 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-013-9555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large body of evidence has implicated the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family and particularly the ubiquitously expressed STAT3 protein in the pathogenesis of colorectal, hepatocellular, gastric and pancreatic carcinoma. DISCUSSION Concomitantly, an increasing body of epidemiological evidence has linked obesity and its associated pro-inflammatory state with the development of gastrointestinal cancers. Visceral adipose tissue is no longer considered inert and is known to secrete a number of adipocytokines such as leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) into the surrounding environment. Interestingly, these adipocytokines are strongly linked with the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway of signal transduction and there is experimental evidence linking IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α to JAK/STAT signaling in other tissues. The result is an up-regulation of a wide range of anti-apoptotic, pro-metastatic and pro-angiogenic genes and processes. This is particularly relevant for gastrointestinal malignancy as these factors have the potential to signal adjacent endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. CONCLUSION This review examines the potential role of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of obesity-related gastrointestinal malignancy and the potential therapeutic role of STAT3 blockade given its status as a signaling hub for a number of inflammatory adipocytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie E O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hsu MP, Frausto R, Rose-John S, Campbell IL. Analysis of IL-6/gp130 family receptor expression reveals that in contrast to astroglia, microglia lack the oncostatin M receptor and functional responses to oncostatin M. Glia 2014; 63:132-41. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ping Hsu
- School of Molecular Bioscience and the Bosch Institute, University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ricardo Frausto
- School of Molecular Bioscience and the Bosch Institute, University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry; Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Iain L. Campbell
- School of Molecular Bioscience and the Bosch Institute, University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Becerra-Díaz M, Terrazas LI. Taenia crassiceps infection and its excreted/secreted products inhibit STAT1 activation in response to IFN-γ. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:613-23. [PMID: 24837622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well understood that helminth infections modulate the immune responses of their hosts but the mechanisms involved in this modulation are not fully known. Macrophages and dendritic cells appear to be consistently affected during this type of infection and are common target cells for helminth-derived molecules. In this report, we show that macrophages obtained from chronically Taenia crassiceps-infected mice displayed an impaired response to recombinant murine IFN-γ, but not to recombinant murine IL-4, as measured based on the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT6, respectively. These macrophages expressed high levels of SOCS3. However, the inhibition of phosphatase activity by orthovanadate restored the IFN-γ response of these macrophages by increasing STAT1 phosphorylation without affecting SOCS3 expression. Therefore, we aimed to identify the phosphatases associated with IFN-γ signaling inhibition and found that macrophages from T. crassiceps-infected mice displayed enhanced SHP-1 expression. Interestingly, the exposure of naïve macrophages to T. crassiceps excreted/secreted products similarly interfered with IFN-γ-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. Moreover, macrophages exposed to T. crassiceps excreted/secreted products expressed high levels of SOCS3 as well as SHP-1. Strikingly, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were exposed to T. crassiceps excreted/secreted products in vitro also displayed impaired STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-γ; again, phosphatase inhibition abrogated the T. crassiceps excreted/secreted product-altered IFN-γ signaling. These data demonstrate a new mechanism by which helminth infection and the products derived during this infection target intracellular pathways to block the response to inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ in both murine and human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Becerra-Díaz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES)-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Mexico 54090, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES)-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de Mexico 54090, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Regulation of STAT signaling by acetylation. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1924-31. [PMID: 23707527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) belong to a family of latent cytoplasmic factors that can be activated by tyrosine phosphorylation by the members of the Jak tyrosine kinase family in response to a variety of cytokines and growth factors. Activated STATs form dimers and translocate into nucleus to induce expression of critical genes essential for normal cellular events. In the past several years, significant progress has been made in the characterization of STAT acetylation, which is dependent on the balance between histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) such as CBP/p300. Acetylation of STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5b and STAT6 has been identified. This review will highlight acetylation on the modulation of STAT activation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Scarpa ES, Fabrizio G, Di Girolamo M. A role of intracellular mono-ADP-ribosylation in cancer biology. FEBS J 2013; 280:3551-62. [PMID: 23590234 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the development, progression and dissemination of neoplastic lesions, cancer cells can hijack normal pathways and mechanisms. This includes the control of the function of cellular proteins through reversible post-translational modifications, such as ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation. In the case of mono-ADP-ribosylation and poly-ADP-ribosylation, the addition of one or several units of ADP-ribose to target proteins occurs via two families of enzymes that can generate ADP-ribosylated proteins: the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD) family, comprising 17 different proteins that are either poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases or mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases or inactive enzymes; and the clostridial toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferase family, with four human members, two of which are active mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases, and two of which are enzymatically inactive. In line with a central role for poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 in response to DNA damage, specific inhibitors of this enzyme have been developed as anticancer therapeutics and evaluated in several clinical trials. Recently, in combination with the discovery of a large number of enzymes that can catalyse mono-ADP-ribosylation, the role of this modification has been linked to human diseases, such as inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer, thus revealing the need for the development of specific ARTD inhibitors. This will provide a better understanding of the roles of these enzymes in human physiology and pathology, so that they can be targeted in the future to generate new and efficacious drugs. This review summarizes our present knowledge of the ARTD enzymes that are involved in mono-ADP-ribosylation reactions and that have roles in cancer biology. In particular, the well-documented role of macro-containing ARTD8 in lymphoma and the putative role of ARTD15 in cancer are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele S Scarpa
- Department of Cellular and Translational Pharmacology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ischemic postconditioning during reperfusion attenuates intestinal injury and mucosal cell apoptosis by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling activation. Shock 2013; 38:411-9. [PMID: 22777122 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3182662266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study attempts to evaluate the role of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced intestinal injury and whether immediate ischemic postconditioning ameliorates intestinal injury via attenuation of intestinal mucosal apoptosis subsequent to inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling activation. Anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion consisting of 60 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion; sham laparotomy served as controls. Animals received either subcutaneous administration of JAK2 inhibitor (AG490, 8 mg/kg) or STAT inhibitor (rapamycin, 0.4 mg/kg) 30 min before ischemia. Ischemic postconditioning was performed by three cycles of 30-s reperfusion and 30-s ischemia initiated immediately upon reperfusion. It was found that intestinal I/R resulted in conspicuous intestinal injury evidenced by significant increases in Chiu's score, lactic acid, and diamine oxidase activity, accompanied with increases in plasma levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane, endothelin 1, and thromboxane B2, as well as increase in the intestinal tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Meanwhile, the apoptotic index and cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated JAK2, phosphorylated STAT1, and phosphorylated STAT3 expression were significantly enhanced versus sham control. Both ischemic postconditioning and pretreatment with AG490 or rapamycin significantly attenuated all the above changes. These results indicate that JAK/STAT pathway activation plays a critical role in I/R-induced intestinal injury, which is associated with increased oxidative stress, neutrophil accumulation, intestinal mucosal apoptosis, and microcirculation disturbance. Ischemic postconditioning mediates attenuation of intestinal I/R injury, and cell apoptosis may be attributable to the JAK/STAT signaling inhibition.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hao J, Zhang YJ, Lv X, Xu N, Liu QJ, Zhao S, Feng XJ, Xing LL, Kang PP, Li GY, Liu SX. IFN-γ induces lipogenesis in mouse mesangial cells via the JAK2/STAT1 pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C760-7. [PMID: 23407880 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00352.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to investigate the effect of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) on lipid deposition in γ-interferon (IFN-γ)-stimulated mouse mesangial cell line (MMC) and to determine whether the Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (JAK2/STAT1) signaling pathway plays an important role in this process. We employed a control group, an IFN-γ stimulation group, and an IFN-γ + AG490 (JAK2 inhibitor) group. RNA interference aimed at sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) or HMGB1 was used to investigate the effect of these proteins on IFN-γ-induced lipid deposition. Western blotting was used to detect phospho (p)-JAK2, JAK2, p-STAT1, STAT1, SREBP-1, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and HMGB1 protein expression. RT-PCR was used to detect SREBP-1, FAS, and HMGB1 mRNA. Oil Red O staining and the triglyceride assay were used to detect lipid deposition and triglyceride content. Results were as follows: 1) IFN-γ increased MMC cell lipid deposition, triglyceride content, and p-JAK2, p-STAT1, SREBP-1, and FAS expression; 2) SREBP-1 inhibition prevented FAS upregulation and attenuated IFN-γ-induced MMC cell lipid deposition and triglyceride content; 3) HMGB1 upregulated SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA and protein levels, which increased lipid deposition in MMC cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 decreased SREBP-1 and FAS expression and lipid accumulation; 4) AG490 decreased upregulation of HMGB1 and p-JAK2/p-STAT1, as well as IFN-γ-induced lipogenesis. In conclusion, the JAK2/STAT1 pathway mediates IFN-γ-induced lipogenesis in MMC cells through regulation of HMGB1/SREBP-1/FAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shchelkunova A, Ermolinsky B, Boyle M, Mendez I, Lehker M, Martirosyan KS, Kazansky AV. Tuning of alternative splicing--switch from proto-oncogene to tumor suppressor. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 9:45-54. [PMID: 23289016 PMCID: PMC3535533 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5B, a specific member of the STAT family, is intimately associated with prostate tumor progression. While the full form of STAT5B is thought to promote tumor progression, a naturally occurring truncated isoform acts as a tumor suppressor. We previously demonstrated that truncated STAT5 is generated by insertion of an alternatively spliced exon and results in the introduction of an early termination codon. Present approaches targeting STAT proteins based on inhibition of functional domains of STAT's, such as DNA-binding, cooperative binding (protein-protein interaction), dimerization and phosphorylation will halt the action of the entire gene, both the proto-oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of Stat5B. In this report we develop a new approach aimed at inhibiting the expression of full-length STAT5B (a proto-oncogene) while simultaneously enhancing the expression of STAT5∆B (a tumor suppressor). We have demonstrated the feasibility of using steric-blocking splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) with a complimentary sequence to the targeted exon-intron boundary to enhance alternative intron/exon retention (up to 10%). The functional effect of the intron/exon proportional tuning was validated by cell proliferation and clonogenic assays. The new scheme applies specific steric-blocking splice-switching oligonucleotides and opens an opportunity for anti-tumor treatment as well as for the alteration of functional abilities of other STAT proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Shchelkunova
- Department of Biomedicine, The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Total glucosides of paeony inhibits Th1/Th17 cells via decreasing dendritic cells activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Immunol 2012; 280:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
39
|
Hemdan NYA, Birkenmeier G, Wichmann G. Key molecules in the differentiation and commitment program of T helper 17 (Th17) cells up-to-date. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:97-109. [PMID: 23036716 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying autoimmunity and cancer remain elusive. However, perpendicular evidence has been evolved in the past decade that T helper (Th)17 cells and their related molecules are implicated in initiation and induction of various disease settings including both diseases. Meanwhile, extensive research on Th17 cells elucidated various molecules including cytokines and transcription factors as well as signaling pathways involved in the differentiation, maturation, survival and ultimate commitment of Th17 cells. In the current review, we revise the mechanistic underpinnings delivered by recent research on these molecules in the Th17 differentiation/commitment concert. We emphasize on those molecules proposed as targets for attaining potential therapies of various autoimmune disorders and cancer, aiming both at dampening the dark-side of Th17 repertoire and simultaneously potentiating its benefits in the roster of the antimicrobial response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y A Hemdan
- ENT-Research Lab, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebig Str. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu JH, Kim H. Role of janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gut Liver 2012; 6:417-22. [PMID: 23170143 PMCID: PMC3493719 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, oxidative stress is involved in the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway and cytokine expression. High serum levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) have been reported in patients with acute pancreatitis, and treatment with cerulein, a CCK analogue, induces acute pancreatitis in a rodent model. Recent studies have shown that cerulein-activated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase elicits reactive oxygen species, which trigger the phosphorylation of the JAK1, STAT1, and STAT3 proteins and induce the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, in pancreatic acinar cells. The JAK/STAT pathway also stimulates cell proliferation and malignant transformation and inhibits apoptosis in the pancreas. This review discusses the possible role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in response to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Yu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Leise B, Watts M, Tanhoff E, Johnson P, Black S, Belknap J. Laminar Regulation of STAT1 and STAT3 in Black Walnut Extract and Carbohydrate Overload Induced Models of Laminitis. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:996-1004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Watts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| | - E. Tanhoff
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| | - P.J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; The University of Missouri-Columbia; Columbia; MO
| | - S.J. Black
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts; Amherst; MA
| | - J.K. Belknap
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus; OH
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tomita K, Caramori G, Ito K, Sano H, Lim S, Oates T, Cosio B, Chung KF, Tohda Y, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. STAT6 expression in T cells, alveolar macrophages and bronchial biopsies of normal and asthmatic subjects. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:5. [PMID: 22401596 PMCID: PMC3364916 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterised by increased numbers of Th2-like cells in the airways and IgE secretion. Generation of Th2 cells requires interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 acting through their specific receptors and activating the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). STAT6 knockout mice fail to produce IgE, airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia after allergen sensitisation, suggesting a critical role for STAT6 in allergic responses. Methods We have investigated the expression of STAT6 in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and bronchial biopsies from 17 normal subjects and 18 mild-moderate steroid-naïve stable asthmatic patients. Results STAT6 expression was variable and was detected in T-lymphocytes, macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells from all subjects with no difference between normal and stable asthmatic subjects. Conclusions STAT6 expression in different cells suggests that it may be important in regulating the expression of not only Th2-like cytokines in T cells of man, but may also regulate STAT-inducible genes in alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sam Lim
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Timothy Oates
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Borja Cosio
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - K Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Yuji Tohda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhong Y, Wu J, Ma R, Cao H, Wang Z, Ding J, Cheng L, Feng J, Chen B. Association of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) polymorphisms with acute leukemia susceptibility. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 34:248-53. [PMID: 22168550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway leads to deregulated proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis of normal cells. One of the members of this family, JAK2, plays a very important role in metabolizing carcinogens and medications. This study aimed to detect whether any association exists between genetic polymorphisms in JAK2 gene and individual susceptibility to acute leukemia. METHODS A case-control study in a Chinese population with 260 acute leukemia cases and 280 healthy controls matched by age, gender, and ethnicity. Genomic DNA was assayed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) with five genetic polymorphisms in JAK2 gene. RESULTS The distributions of rs56118985 GA genotype in the acute leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) groups were both slightly different when compared with the control group (P = 0.049 and P = 0.045). The frequencies of rs2230724 AA and GA genotypes in the acute leukemia and its subtypes were all significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). This suggested that subjects with A allele of rs2230724 were susceptible to acute leukemia and its subtypes. In addition, A allele of rs2230724 should be an important genetic determinant for acute leukemia and AML. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the risk of acute leukemia might be associated with JAK2 polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jatiani SS, Baker SJ, Silverman LR, Reddy EP. Jak/STAT pathways in cytokine signaling and myeloproliferative disorders: approaches for targeted therapies. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:979-93. [PMID: 21442038 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910397187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the cumulative result of intricately regulated signaling pathways that are mediated by cytokines and their receptors. Studies conducted over the past 10 to 15 years have revealed that hematopoietic cytokine receptor signaling is largely mediated by a family of tyrosine kinases termed Janus kinases (JAKs) and their downstream transcription factors, termed STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription). Aberrations in these pathways, such as those caused by the recently identified JAK2(V617F) mutation and translocations of the JAK2 gene, are underlying causes of leukemias and other myeloproliferative disorders. This review discusses the role of JAK/STAT signaling in normal hematopoiesis as well as genetic abnormalities associated with myeloproliferative and myelodisplastic syndromes. This review also summarizes the status of several small molecule JAK2 inhibitors that are currently at various stages of clinical development. Several of these compounds appear to improve the quality of life of patients with myeloproliferative disorders by palliation of disease-related symptoms. However, to date, these agents do not seem to significantly affect bone marrow fibrosis, alter marrow histopathology, reverse cytopenias, reduce red cell transfusion requirements, or significantly reduce allele burden. These results suggest the possibility that additional mutational events might be associated with the development of these neoplasms, and indicate the need for combination therapies as the nature and significance of these additional molecular events is better understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashidhar S Jatiani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu Q, Liu S, Shi Y, Li H, Hao J, Xing L, Cao Y, Duan H. Suppressors of cytokine signaling inhibit tubular epithelial cell-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:142-51. [PMID: 21734367 DOI: 10.1159/000329325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Tubular epithelial cell-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) can be induced by diverse cytokines. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins negatively regulate cytokine signaling. This study is aimed at examining the role of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in TEMT induced by cytokines. METHODS The cell ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. The protein and mRNA levels of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunocytochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. The levels of phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription (p-STAT) 1 and 3 were detected by Western blot. The protein and mRNA levels of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. The levels of collagen type I and fibronectin (FN) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and oncostatin M (OSM) were able to downregulate CK18 expression and upregulate α-SMA, p-STAT1, p-STAT3, collagen type I and FN expression in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HKCs), whereas pretreatment with AG490 prevented these expression changes from occurring. All of the changes induced by IL-1β or OSM could be decreased by SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 overexpression, and were increased by SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 can prevent tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting TEMT, which may be connected with the activation of STAT1 and STAT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anti-inflammatory activity of methyl salicylate glycosides isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder. Molecules 2011; 16:3875-84. [PMID: 21555977 PMCID: PMC6263312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16053875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder is a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for the treatments of rheumatoid arthritis, swelling and pain. Two methyl salicylate glycosides, namely methyl benzoate-2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1-6)-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (J12122) and methyl benzoate-2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1-2)[O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1-6)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (J12123), are natural salicylic derivatives isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of J12122 and J12123 on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, accumulation of nitric oxide (NO), and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed that both methyl salicylate glycosides dose-dependently inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, respectively. Consistent with these observations, J12122 and J12123 significantly suppressed the accumulation of NO, with an inhibitory rate of 56.20% and 51.72% at 3.0 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Furthermore, the two methyl salicylate glycosides reduced the level of ROS induced by LPS. These results showed that the isolated compounds possess anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition the production pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO, and ROS.
Collapse
|
47
|
Perry ST, Buck MD, Lada SM, Schindler C, Shresta S. STAT2 mediates innate immunity to Dengue virus in the absence of STAT1 via the type I interferon receptor. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1001297. [PMID: 21379341 PMCID: PMC3040673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, and symptoms of infection range from asymptomatic to the severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). High viral loads correlate with disease severity, and both type I & II interferons (IFNs) are crucial for controlling viral replication. We have previously reported that signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1-deficient mice are resistant to DENV-induced disease, but little is known about this STAT1-independent mechanism of protection. To determine the molecular basis of the STAT1-independent pathway, mice lacking STAT1, STAT2, or both STAT1 and STAT2 were infected with a virulent mouse-adapted strain of DENV2. In the first 72 hours of infection, the single-deficient mice lacking STAT1 or STAT2 possessed 50–100 fold higher levels of viral RNA than wild type mice in the serum, spleen, and other visceral tissues, but remained resistant to DENV-induced death. In contrast, the double-deficient mice exhibited the early death phenotype previously observed in type I and II IFN receptor knockout mice (AG129), indicating that STAT2 is the mediator of the STAT1-independent host defense mechanism. Further studies demonstrated that this STAT2-dependent STAT1-independent mechanism requires the type I IFN receptor, and contributes to the autocrine amplification of type I IFN expression. Examination of gene expression in the spleen and bone marrow-derived macrophages following DENV infection revealed STAT2-dependent pathways can induce the transcription of a subset of interferon stimulated genes even in the absence of STAT1. Collectively, these results help elucidate the nature of the poorly understood STAT1-independent host defense mechanism against viruses by identifying a functional type I IFN/STAT2 signaling pathway following DENV infection in vivo. Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen present in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, and an estimated 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection. Interferon (IFN) mediated innate responses in the host are critical for limiting viral spread following DENV infection. We have previously demonstrated that mice lacking STAT1, a key mediator of both type I and II IFN responses, are not susceptible to DENV-mediated disease. In this study, we sought to determine the mechanism responsible for protection against DENV disease in the absence of STAT1. Using knockout mice, we identify STAT2 as the protein that mediates type I IFN signaling during DENV infection in the absence of STAT1. The resulting antiviral response includes amplification of type I IFN and the expression of interferon stimulated genes. These data suggest DENV infection is especially sensitive to STAT2-mediated antiviral responses in vivo, and provide novel insights towards how IFNs protect against viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart T. Perry
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Buck
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Lada
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Schindler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang S, Yang N, Zhang L, Huang B, Tan H, Liang Y, Li Y, Yu X. Jak/STAT signaling is involved in the inflammatory infiltration of the kidneys in MRL/lpr mice. Lupus 2010; 19:1171-80. [PMID: 20501525 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310367660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) and the Jak/STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription factor) pathway is important in mediating signal transduction of cytokines. This study examined the pathogenic role of Jak/STAT signaling in LN. MRL/lpr mice were either treated with a selective Jak2 inhibitor tyrphostin AG490 or with vehicle alone from 12 weeks of age until being sacrificed at week 20. AG490 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Jak2 and STAT1 (p < 0.05). Compared with the vehicle-treated mice, AG490 treatment significantly reduced proteinuria, improved renal function and suppressed histological lesions of the kidneys and salivary glands (p < 0.05). AG490 treatment significantly inhibited the renal expression of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, interferon (IFN)-gamma and class II MHC, which was accompanied by reduced renal infiltration of T cells and macrophages (p < 0.05). In addition, AG490 treatment resulted in a decrease in serum anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody and attenuated the deposition of IgG and C3 in the kidneys (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that Jak/STAT pathway is implicated in the progression of renal inflammation in MRL/lpr mice and targeting this pathway may provide a potential therapeutic approach for LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Biswas PS, Bhagat G, Pernis AB. IRF4 and its regulators: evolving insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis? Immunol Rev 2010; 233:79-96. [PMID: 20192994 PMCID: PMC2920730 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from murine and human studies supports a key role for interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-21 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. The pathways and molecular mechanisms that underlie the production of IL-17 and IL-21 are being rapidly elucidated. This review focuses on interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, which has emerged as a crucial controller of both IL-17 and IL-21 production. We first outline the complex role of IRF4 in the function of CD4(+) T cells and then discuss recent studies from our laboratory that have revealed a surprising role for components of Rho GTPase-mediated pathways in controlling the activity of IRF4. A better understanding of these novel pathways will hopefully provide new insights into mechanisms responsible for the development of inflammatory arthritis and potentially guide the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Levina V, Marrangoni A, Wang T, Parikh S, Su Y, Herberman R, Lokshin A, Gorelik E. Elimination of human lung cancer stem cells through targeting of the stem cell factor-c-kit autocrine signaling loop. Cancer Res 2009; 70:338-46. [PMID: 20028869 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation and tumor regeneration after chemotherapy. Previously, we showed that chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells lines can select for outgrowth of highly tumorigenic and metastatic CSCs. The high malignancy of lung CSCs was associated with an efficient cytokine network. In this study, we provide evidence that blocking stem cell factor (SCF)-c-kit signaling is sufficient to inhibit CSC proliferation and survival promoted by chemotherapy. CSCs were isolated from NSCLC cell lines as tumor spheres under CSC-selective conditions and their stem properties were confirmed. In contrast to other tumor cells, CSCs expressed c-kit receptors and produced SCF. Proliferation of CSCs was inhibited by SCF-neutralizing antibodies or by imatinib (Gleevec), an inhibitor of c-kit. Although cisplatin treatment eliminated the majority of tumor cells, it did not eliminate CSCs, whereas imatinib or anti-SCF antibody destroyed CSCs. Significantly, combining cisplatin with imatinib or anti-SCF antibody prevented the growth of both tumor cell subpopulations. Our findings reveal an important role for the SCF-c-kit signaling axis in self-renewal and proliferation of lung CSCs, and they suggest that SCF-c-kit signaling blockade could improve the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy of human NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Levina
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|