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Qiu Y, Zhang S, Man C, Gong D, Xu Y, Fan Y, Wang X, Zhang W. Advances on Senescence-associated secretory phenotype regulated by circular RNAs in tumors. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102287. [PMID: 38570142 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The components that comprise the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) include growth factors, proteases, chemokines, cytokines, and bioactive lipids. It drives secondary aging and disrupts tissue homeostasis, ultimately leading to tissue repair and regeneration loss. It has a two-way regulatory effect on tumor cells, resisting cancer occurrence and promoting its progression. A category of single-stranded circular non-coding RNA molecules known as circular RNAs (circRNAs) carries out a series of cellular activities, including sequestering miRNAs and modulating gene editing and expression. Research has demonstrated that a large number of circRNAs exhibit aberrant expression in pathological settings, and play a part in the onset and progress of cancer via modulating SASP factors. However, the research related to SASP and circRNAs in tumors is still in its infancy at this stage. This review centers on the bidirectional modulation of SASP and the role of circRNAs in regulating SASP factors across different types of tumors. The aim is to present novel perspectives for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 120, Suzhi Road, Suqian, Jiangsu 223812, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Gong
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory Center, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 120, Suzhi Road, Suqian, Jiangsu 223812, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Silva AO, Bitencourt TC, Vargas JE, Fraga LR, Filippi-Chiela E. Modulation of tumor plasticity by senescent cells: Deciphering basic mechanisms and survival pathways to unravel therapeutic options. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47Suppl 1:e20230311. [PMID: 38805699 PMCID: PMC11132560 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state in which the cell loses its proliferative capacity, often irreversibly. Physiologically, it occurs due to a limited capacity of cell division associated with telomere shortening, the so-called replicative senescence. It can also be induced early due to DNA damage, oncogenic activation, oxidative stress, or damage to other cellular components (collectively named induced senescence). Tumor cells acquire the ability to bypass replicative senescence, thus ensuring the replicative immortality, a hallmark of cancer. Many anti-cancer therapies, however, can lead tumor cells to induced senescence. Initially, this response leads to a slowdown in tumor growth. However, the longstanding accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in tumors can promote neoplastic progression due to the enrichment of numerous molecules and extracellular vesicles that constitutes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Among other effects, SASP can potentiate or unlock the tumor plasticity and phenotypic transitions, another hallmark of cancer. This review discusses how SnCs can fuel mechanisms that underlie cancer plasticity, like cell differentiation, stemness, reprogramming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We also discuss the main molecular mechanisms that make SnCs resistant to cell death, and potential strategies to target SnCs. At the end, we raise open questions and clinically relevant perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Oliveira Silva
- Faculdade Estácio, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Cardoso Bitencourt
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose Eduardo Vargas
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular,
Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Ciências
Morfológicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação
em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Filippi-Chiela
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Ciências
Morfológicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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3
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Nasr MM, Lynch CC. How circulating tumor cluster biology contributes to the metastatic cascade: from invasion to dissemination and dormancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1133-1146. [PMID: 37442876 PMCID: PMC10713810 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to be prognostic for metastatic relapse and are detected in patients as solitary cells or cell clusters. Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTC clusters) have been observed clinically for decades and are of significantly higher metastatic potential compared to solitary CTCs. Recent studies suggest distinct differences in CTC cluster biology regarding invasion and survival in circulation. However, differences regarding dissemination, dormancy, and reawakening require more investigations compared to solitary CTCs. Here, we review the current state of CTC cluster research and consider their clinical significance. In addition, we discuss the concept of collective invasion by CTC clusters and molecular evidence as to how cluster survival in circulation compares to that of solitary CTCs. Molecular differences between solitary and clustered CTCs during dormancy and reawakening programs will also be discussed. We also highlight future directions to advance our current understanding of CTC cluster biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Nasr
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Clemente-González C, Carnero A. Role of the Hypoxic-Secretome in Seed and Soil Metastatic Preparation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235930. [PMID: 36497411 PMCID: PMC9738438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor growth, the delivery of oxygen to cells is impaired due to aberrant or absent vasculature. This causes an adaptative response that activates the expression of genes that control several essential processes, such as glycolysis, neovascularization, immune suppression, and the cancer stemness phenotype, leading to increased metastasis and resistance to therapy. Hypoxic tumor cells also respond to an altered hypoxic microenvironment by secreting vesicles, factors, cytokines and nucleic acids that modify not only the immediate microenvironment but also organs at distant sites, allowing or facilitating the attachment and growth of tumor cells and contributing to metastasis. Hypoxia induces the release of molecules of different biochemical natures, either secreted or inside extracellular vesicles, and both tumor cells and stromal cells are involved in this process. The mechanisms by which these signals that can modify the premetastatic niche are sent from the primary tumor site include changes in the extracellular matrix, recruitment and activation of different stromal cells and immune or nonimmune cells, metabolic reprogramming, and molecular signaling network rewiring. In this review, we will discuss how hypoxia might alter the premetastatic niche through different signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Clemente-González
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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5
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Jovanovic DV, Mitrovic SL, Milosavljevic MZ, Ilic MB, Stankovic VD, Vuletic MS, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic MN, Milosev DB, Azanjac GL, Nedeljkovic VM, Radovanovic D. Breast Cancer and p16: Role in Proliferation, Malignant Transformation and Progression. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091240. [PMID: 34575014 PMCID: PMC8468846 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of new molecular biomarkers could provide a more reliable approach in predicting the prognosis of invasive breast cancers (IBC). The aim of this study is to analyze the expression of p16 protein in IBC, as well as its participation in malignant transformation. The study included 147 patients diagnosed with IBC. The presence of non-invasive lesions (NIL) was noted in each IBC and surrounding tissue. p16 expression was determined by reading the percentage of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression in epithelial cells of IBC and NIL, but also in stromal fibroblasts. Results showed that expression of p16 increases with the progression of cytological changes in the epithelium; it is significantly higher in IBC compared to NIL (p < 0.0005). Cytoplasmic p16 expression is more prevalent in IBC (76.6%), as opposed to nuclear staining, which is characteristic of most NIL (21.1%). There is a difference in p16 expression between different molecular subtypes of IBC (p = 0.025). In the group of p16 positive tumors, pronounced mononuclear infiltrates (p = 0.047) and increased expression of p16 in stromal fibroblasts (p = 0.044) were noted. In conclusion, p16 protein plays an important role in proliferation, malignant transformation, as well as in progression from NIL to IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor V. Jovanovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Slobodanka L. Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-658080877
| | - Milos Z. Milosavljevic
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.Z.M.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Milena B. Ilic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Vesna D. Stankovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Milena S. Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Milica N. Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.V.J.); (M.B.I.); (V.D.S.); (M.S.V.); (M.N.D.S.)
| | - Danijela B. Milosev
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.Z.M.); (D.B.M.)
| | - Goran L. Azanjac
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Vladica M. Nedeljkovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University in Pristina—Kosovska Mitrovica,38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia;
| | - Dragce Radovanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
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6
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Reprogramming the tumor metastasis cascade by targeting galectin-driven networks. Biochem J 2021; 478:597-617. [PMID: 33600595 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A sequence of interconnected events known as the metastatic cascade promotes tumor progression by regulating cellular and molecular interactions between tumor, stromal, endothelial, and immune cells both locally and systemically. Recently, a new concept has emerged to better describe this process by defining four attributes that metastatic cells should undergo. Every individual hallmark represents a unique trait of a metastatic cell that impacts directly in the outcome of the metastasis process. These critical features, known as the hallmarks of metastasis, include motility and invasion, modulation of the microenvironment, cell plasticity and colonization. They are hierarchically regulated at different levels by several factors, including galectins, a highly conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tumor microenvironments and sites of metastasis. In this review, we discuss the role of galectins in modulating each hallmark of metastasis, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities for treating the metastatic disease.
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7
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Hynes WF, Pepona M, Robertson C, Alvarado J, Dubbin K, Triplett M, Adorno JJ, Randles A, Moya ML. Examining metastatic behavior within 3D bioprinted vasculature for the validation of a 3D computational flow model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb3308. [PMID: 32923637 PMCID: PMC7449690 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of circulating tumor cell (CTC) behavior within the vasculature has remained an elusive goal in cancer biology. To elucidate the contribution of hydrodynamics in determining sites of CTC vascular colonization, the physical forces affecting these cells must be evaluated in a highly controlled manner. To this end, we have bioprinted endothelialized vascular beds and perfused these constructs with metastatic mammary gland cells under physiological flow rates. By pairing these in vitro devices with an advanced computational flow model, we found that the bioprinted analog was readily capable of evaluating the accuracy and integrated complexity of a computational flow model, while also highlighting the discrete contribution of hydrodynamics in vascular colonization. This intersection of these two technologies, bioprinting and computational simulation, is a key demonstration in the establishment of an experimentation pipeline for the understanding of complex biophysical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. F. Hynes
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - M. Pepona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - C. Robertson
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - J. Alvarado
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - K. Dubbin
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - M. Triplett
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - J. J. Adorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A. Randles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - M. L. Moya
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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8
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Kong D, Hughes CJ, Ford HL. Cellular Plasticity in Breast Cancer Progression and Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:72. [PMID: 32391382 PMCID: PMC7194153 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease among women, with the majority of mortality being attributable to metastatic disease. Thus, even with improved early screening and more targeted treatments which may enable better detection and control of early disease progression, metastatic disease remains a significant problem. While targeted therapies exist for breast cancer patients with particular subtypes of the disease (Her2+ and ER/PR+), even in these subtypes the therapies are often not efficacious once the patient's tumor metastasizes. Increases in stemness or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary breast cancer cells lead to enhanced plasticity, enabling tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and distant metastatic spread. Numerous signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K, STAT3, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch, amongst others, play a critical role in maintaining cell plasticity in breast cancer. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate breast cancer cell plasticity is essential for understanding the biology of breast cancer progression and for developing novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for targeting metastatic disease. In this review we summarize relevant literature on mechanisms associated with breast cancer plasticity, tumor progression, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Connor J. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Heide L. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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9
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Shaul ME, Fridlender ZG. Cancer-related circulating and tumor-associated neutrophils - subtypes, sources and function. FEBS J 2018; 285:4316-4342. [PMID: 29851227 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of neutrophils in cancer biology has been a matter of increasing interest. Many patients with advanced cancer show high levels of neutrophilia, tumor neutrophils are connected to dismal prognosis, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been introduced as a significant prognostic factor for survival in many types of cancer. Neutrophils constitute an important portion of the infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, but controversy has long surrounded the function of these cells in the context of cancer. Multiple evidences have shown that neutrophils recruited to the tumor can acquire either protumor or antitumor function. These findings have led to the identification of multiple and heterogeneous neutrophil subsets in the tumor and circulation. In addition, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were shown to demonstrate functional plasticity, driven by multiple factors present in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we examine the current knowledge on cancer-related circulating neutrophils, their source and the function of the different subtypes, both mature and immature. We then discuss the pro vs antitumor nature of TANs in cancer, their functional plasticity and the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment and polarization. Although the vast majority of the knowledge on neutrophils in cancer comes from murine studies, recent work has been done on human cancer-related neutrophils. In the final paragraphs, we expand on the current knowledge regarding the role of neutrophils in human cancer and examine the question whether cancer-related neutrophils (circulating or intratumoral) could be a new possible target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav E Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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10
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Azevedo AS, Follain G, Patthabhiraman S, Harlepp S, Goetz JG. Metastasis of circulating tumor cells: favorable soil or suitable biomechanics, or both? Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:345-56. [PMID: 26312653 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1059563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the end product of a multistep process where cancer cells disseminate and home themselves in distant organs. Tumor cell extravasation is a rare, inefficient and transient event in nature and makes its studies very difficult. Noteworthy, little is known about how cancer cells arrest, adhere and pass through the endothelium of capillaries. Moreover, the key events driving metastatic growth in specific organs are not well understood. Thus, although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death, how cancer cells acquire their abilities to colonize distant organs and why they do so in specific locations remain central questions in the understanding of this deadly disease. In this review, we would like to confront 2 concepts explaining the efficiency and location of metastatic secondary tumors. While the "seed and soil" hypothesis states that metastasis occurs at sites where the local microenvironment is favorable, the "mechanical" concept argues that metastatic seeding occurs at sites of optimal flow patterns. In addition, recent evidence suggests that the primary event driving tumor cell arrest before extravasation is mostly controlled by blood circulation patterns as well as mechanical cues during the process of extravasation. In conclusion, the organ tropism displayed by cancer cells during metastatic colonization is a multi-step process, which is regulated by the delivery and survival of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through blood circulation, the ability of these CTCs to adhere and cross the physical barrier imposed by the endothelium and finally by the suitability of the soil to favor growth of secondary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Azevedo
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Gautier Follain
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Shankar Patthabhiraman
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,e IPCMS UMR7504 ; Strasbourg , France.,f LabEx NIE; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
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11
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Process of hepatic metastasis from pancreatic cancer: biology with clinical significance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1137-61. [PMID: 26250876 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer shows a remarkable preference for the liver to establish secondary tumors. Selective metastasis to the liver is attributed to the development of potential microenvironment for the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. This review aims to provide a full understanding of the hepatic metastatic process from circulating pancreatic cancer cells to their settlement in the liver, serving as a basic theory for efficient prediction and treatment of metastatic diseases. METHODS A systematic search of relevant original articles and reviews was performed on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for the purpose of this review. RESULTS Three interrelated phases are delineated as the contributions of the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and the liver to hepatic metastasis process. Chemotaxis of disseminated pancreatic cancer cells and simultaneous defensive formation of platelets or neutrophils facilitate specific metastasis toward the liver. Remodeling of extracellular matrix and stromal cells in hepatic lobules and angiogenesis induced by proangiogenic factors support the survival and growth of clinical micrometastasis colonizing the liver. The bimodal role of the immune system or prevalence of cancer cells over the immune system makes metastatic progression successfully proceed from micrometastasis to macrometastasis. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer is an appropriate research object of cancer metastasis representing more than a straight cascade. If any of the successive or simultaneous phases, especially tumor-induced immunosuppression, is totally disrupted, hepatic metastasis will be temporarily under control or even cancelled forever. To shrink cancers on multiple fronts and prolong survival for patients, novel oral or intravenous anti-cancer agents covering one or different phases of metastatic pancreatic cancer are expected to be integrated into innovative strategies on the premise of safety and efficacious biostability.
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12
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Hedges EA, Hughes AD, Liesveld JL, King MR. Modulation of selectin-mediated adhesion of flowing lymphoma and bone marrow cells by immobilized SDF-1. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15061-72. [PMID: 25167133 PMCID: PMC4200816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-chemokine, stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), has been linked to the homing of circulating tumor cells to bone. SDF-1 is expressed by bone microvascular cells and osteoblasts and normally functions to attract blood-borne hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to marrow. It has been shown that treatment of cancer cells with soluble SDF-1 results in a more aggressive phenotype; however, the relevance of the administration of the soluble protein is unclear. As such, a flow device was functionalized with P-selectin and SDF-1 to mimic the bone marrow microvasculature and the initial steps of cell adhesion. The introduction of SDF-1 onto the adhesive surface was found to significantly enhance the adhesion of lymphoma cells, as well as low-density bone marrow cells (LDBMC), both in terms of the number of adherent cells and the strength of cell adhesion. Thus, SDF-1 has a synergistic effect with P-selectin on cancer cell adhesion and may be sufficient to promote preferential metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hedges
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 203 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Andrew D Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 203 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 203 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Galectin-3 expressed on different lung compartments promotes organ specific metastasis by facilitating arrest, extravasation and organ colonization via high affinity ligands on melanoma cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:661-73. [PMID: 24952269 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between molecules on the surface of tumor cells and those on the target organ endothelium play an important role in their arrest in an organ. Galectin-3 on the lung endothelium and high affinity ligands poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polyLacNAc) on N-oligosaccharides on melanoma cells facilitate such interactions. However, to extravasate and colonize an organ the cells must stabilize these interactions by spreading to retract endothelium, degrade exposed basement membrane (BM) and move into parenchyma and proliferate. Here, we show that galectin-3 is expressed on all the major compartments of the lungs and participates in not just promoting adhesion but also in spreading. We for the first time demonstrate that both soluble and immobilized galectin-3 induce secretion of MMP-9 required to breach vascular BM. Further, we show that immobilized galectin-3 is used as traction for the movement of cells. Downregulation of galactosyltransferases-I and -V resulted in significant loss in expression of polyLacNAc and thus reduced binding of galectin-3. This was accompanied with a loss in adhesion, spreading, MMP-9 secretion and motility of the cells on galectin-3 and thus their metastasis to lungs. Metastasis could also be inhibited by blocking surface polyLacNAc by pre-incubating cells with truncated galectin-3 (which lacked oligomerization domain) or by feeding mice with modified citrus pectin in drinking water. Overall, these results unequivocally show that polyLacNAc on melanoma cells and galectin-3 on the lungs play a critical role in arrest and extravasation of cells in the lungs and strategies that target these interactions inhibit lung metastasis.
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Labelle M, Hynes RO. The initial hours of metastasis: the importance of cooperative host-tumor cell interactions during hematogenous dissemination. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:1091-9. [PMID: 23166151 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumor cells transit from the primary tumor via the blood circulation to form metastases in distant organs. During this process, tumor cells encounter a number of environmental challenges and stimuli that profoundly impact their metastatic potential. Here, we review the cooperative and dynamic host-tumor cell interactions that support and promote the hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells to sites of distant metastasis. In particular, we discuss what is known about the cross-talk occurring among tumor cells, platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells and how these cell-cell interactions are organized both temporally and spatially at sites of extravasation and in the early metastatic niche. SIGNIFICANCE Metastasis is a function not only of tumor cells but also involves cooperative interactions of those cells with normal cells of the body, in particular platelets and leukocytes. These other cell types alter the behavior of the tumor cells themselves and of endothelial cells lining the vasculature and assist in tumor cell arrest and extravasation at sites of metastasis and subsequently in the establishment of tumor cells in the early metastatic niche. A better understanding of the important role that these contact and paracrine interactions play during metastasis will offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Labelle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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15
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Hughes AD, Mattison J, Western LT, Powderly JD, Greene BT, King MR. Microtube Device for Selectin-Mediated Capture of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood. Clin Chem 2012; 58:846-53. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.176669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be used clinically to treat cancer. As a diagnostic tool, the CTC count can be used to follow disease progression, and as a treatment tool, CTCs can be used to rapidly develop personalized therapeutic strategies. To be effectively used, however, CTCs must be isolated at high purity without inflicting cellular damage.
METHODS
We designed a microscale flow device with a functionalized surface of E-selectin and antibody molecules against epithelial markers. The device was additionally enhanced with a halloysite nanotube coating. We created model samples in which a known number of labeled cancer cells were suspended in healthy whole blood to determine device capture efficiency. We then isolated and cultured primary CTCs from buffy coat samples of patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer.
RESULTS
Approximately 50% of CTCs were captured from model samples. Samples from 12 metastatic cancer patients and 8 healthy participants were processed in nanotube-coated or smooth devices to isolate CTCs. We isolated 20–704 viable CTCs per 3.75-mL sample, achieving purities of 18%–80% CTCs. The nanotube-coated surface significantly improved capture purities (P = 0.0004). Experiments suggested that this increase in purity was due to suppression of leukocyte spreading.
CONCLUSIONS
The device successfully isolates viable CTCs from both blood and buffy coat samples. The approximately 50% capture rate with purities >50% with the nanotube coating demonstrates the functionality of this device in a clinical setting and opens the door for personalized cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jeff Mattison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Laura T Western
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - John D Powderly
- BioCytics, Inc., Huntersville, NC
- Carolina BioOncology Institute, PLLC, Huntersville, NC
| | - Bryan T Greene
- BioCytics, Inc., Huntersville, NC
- Carolina BioOncology Institute, PLLC, Huntersville, NC
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Hughes AD, King MR. Nanobiotechnology for the capture and manipulation of circulating tumor cells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 4:291-309. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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A role for collagen XXIII in cancer cell adhesion, anchorage-independence and metastasis. Oncogene 2011; 31:2362-72. [PMID: 21963851 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen XXIII is a transmembrane collagen previously shown to be upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer that has been used as a tissue and fluid biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer. To determine whether collagen XXIII facilitates cancer cell metastasis in vivo and to establish a function for collagen XXIII in cancer progression, collagen XXIII knockdown cells were examined for alterations in in vivo metastasis as well as in vitro cell adhesion. In experimental and spontaneous xenograft models of metastasis, H460 cells expressing collagen XXIII shRNA formed fewer lung metastases than control cells. Loss of collagen XXIII in H460 cells also impaired cell adhesion, anchorage-independent growth and cell seeding to the lung, but did not affect cell proliferation. Corroborating a role for collagen XXIII in cell adhesion, overexpression of collagen XXIII in H1299 cells, which do not express endogenous collagen XXIII, enhanced cell adhesion. Consequent reduction in OB-cadherin, alpha-catenin, gamma-catenin, beta-catenin, vimentin and galectin-3 protein expression was also observed in response to loss of collagen XXIII. This study suggests a potential role for collagen XXIII in mediating metastasis by facilitating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion as well as anchorage-independent cell growth.
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19
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by senescent fibroblasts. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2011; 5:39-44. [PMID: 21706180 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the cell type and tissue environment, epithelial and mesenchymal cell phenotypes are not static and can be highly dynamic. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and reverse EMTs provide flexibility during embryogenesis. While EMTs are a critical normal process during development and wound healing, properties of the EMT have been implicated in human pathology, particularly cancer metastasis. A normal undamaged epithelium does not typically exhibit features of an EMT. However, particularly under the influence of the surrounding microenvironment, cancer cells may reactivate developmental phenotypes out of context in the adult. This reactivation, such as the EMT, can facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and therefore is a major mechanism of tumor progression. Conversely, cellular senescence, which is associated with aging, is a process by which cells enter a state of permanent cell cycle arrest, thereby constituting a potent tumor suppressive mechanism. However, accumulating evidence shows that senescent cells can have deleterious effects on the tissue microenvironment. The most significant of these effects is the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that turns senescent fibroblasts into pro-inflammatory cells having the ability to promote tumor progression, in part by inducing an EMT in nearby epithelial cells. Here, we summarize the potential impacts of SASP factors, particularly interleukins, on tissue microenvironments and their ability to stimulate tumor progression through induction of an EMT.
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Badgwell DB, Lu Z, Le K, Gao F, Yang M, Suh GK, Bao JJ, Das P, Andreeff M, Chen W, Yu Y, Ahmed AA, S-L Liao W, Bast RC. The tumor-suppressor gene ARHI (DIRAS3) suppresses ovarian cancer cell migration through inhibition of the Stat3 and FAK/Rho signaling pathways. Oncogene 2011; 31:68-79. [PMID: 21643014 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancers migrate and metastasize over the surface of the peritoneal cavity. Consequently, dysregulation of mechanisms that limit cell migration may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of the disease. ARHI is an imprinted tumor-suppressor gene that is downregulated in >60% of ovarian cancers, and its loss is associated with decreased progression-free survival. ARHI encodes a 26-kDa GTPase with homology to Ras. In contrast to Ras, ARHI inhibits cell growth, but whether it also regulates cell motility has not been studied previously. Here we report that re-expression of ARHI decreases the motility of IL-6- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated SKOv3 and Hey ovarian cancer cells, inhibiting both chemotaxis and haptotaxis. ARHI binds to and sequesters Stat3 in the cytoplasm, preventing its translocation to the nucleus and localization in focal adhesion complexes. Stat3 siRNA or the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 produced similar inhibition of motility. However, the combination of ARHI expression with Stat3 knockdown or inhibition produced greatest inhibition in ovarian cancer cell migration, consistent with Stat3-dependent and Stat3-independent mechanisms. Consistent with two distinct signaling pathways, knockdown of Stat3 selectively inhibited IL-6-stimulated migration, whereas knockdown of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) preferentially inhibited EGF-stimulated migration. In EGF-stimulated ovarian cancer cells, re-expression of ARHI inhibited FAK(Y397) and Src(Y416) phosphorylation, disrupted focal adhesions, and blocked FAK-mediated RhoA signaling, resulting in decreased levels of GTP-RhoA. Re-expression of ARHI also disrupted the formation of actin stress fibers in a FAK- and RhoA-dependent manner. Thus, ARHI has a critical and previously uncharacterized role in the regulation of ovarian cancer cell migration, exerting inhibitory effects on two distinct signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Badgwell
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Hsu JW, Yasmin-Karim S, King MR, Wojciechowski JC, Mickelsen D, Blair ML, Ting HJ, Ma WL, Lee YF. Suppression of prostate cancer cell rolling and adhesion to endothelium by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:872-80. [PMID: 21281819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion of circulating prostate cancer (PCa) cells to the microvascular endothelium is a critical step during cancer metastasis. To study PCa cell rolling and adhesion behavior, we developed a dynamic flow-based microtube system to mimic the microvascular environment. We found that PCa cell rolling capacity is mediated by E-selectin and can be enhanced by stromal cell-derived factor-1 under different wall shear stresses. Using this device, we tested if the chemopreventive agent, vitamin D, could interfere with PCa cell adhesion. We found that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-VD), the bioactive form of vitamin D, reduced PCa cell rolling numbers and increased rolling velocities resulting in a significant decreased number of PCa cells adhering to the microtube. The inhibitory effects of 1,25-VD on PCa cell heterotypic adhesion were further confirmed using microvascular endothelial cells in a static condition. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 1,25-VD can increase E-cadherin expression in PCa cells and promote the homotypic cell-cell aggregation, which can then hinder PCa cell adhesion to the endothelium. Blocking E-cadherin with a neutralizing antibody can reverse 1,25-VD-mediated suppression of PCa cell adhesion to the endothelium. Taken together, our data revealed that 1,25-VD promoted PCa cell aggregation by increasing E-cadherin expression, thus interfering with circulating PCa cell adhesion to microvascular endothelial cells and potentially reducing their metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wei Hsu
- Department of Urology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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22
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Davalos AR, Coppe JP, Campisi J, Desprez PY. Senescent cells as a source of inflammatory factors for tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:273-83. [PMID: 20390322 PMCID: PMC2865636 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, which is associated with aging, is a process by which cells enter a state of permanent cell cycle arrest, therefore constituting a potent tumor suppressive mechanism. Recent studies show that, despite the beneficial effects of cellular senescence, senescent cells can also exert harmful effects on the tissue microenvironment. The most significant of these effects is the acquisition of a senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which entails a striking increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the SASP and the impact it has on tissue microenvironments and ability to stimulate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert R. Davalos
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Coppe
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, 475 Brannan Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
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23
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Hughes AD, King MR. Use of naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes for enhanced capture of flowing cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:12155-64. [PMID: 20557077 DOI: 10.1021/la101179y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of individualized treatments for cancer can be facilitated by more efficient methods for separating cancer cells from patient blood in such a way that they remain viable for live cell assays. We have previously shown that immobilized P-selectin protein can be used on the inner surface of a microscale flow system to induce leukemic cells and leukocytes to roll at different velocities and relative fluxes, thereby creating a means for rapid cell fractionation without inflicting cellular damage. In this study, we explore a method to more efficiently capture leukemic and epithelial cancer cells from flow by altering the nanoscale topography of the inner surface of P-selectin-coated microtubes. This functionalized topography is achieved by attaching naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes to the microtube surface via a monolayer of poly-L-lysine), followed by functionalization with recombinant human selectin protein. We have found that halloysite nanotube coatings promote increased capture of leukemic cells and have determined the key parameters for controlling cell capture under flow: halloysite content and selectin density. Ultimately, selectin-functionalized nanotube coatings should provide a means for enhanced cancer cell isolation from whole blood and other mixtures of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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24
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de Oliveira JT, de Matos AJ, Gomes J, Vilanova M, Hespanhol V, Manninen A, Rutteman G, Chammas R, Gartner F, Bernardes ES. Coordinated expression of galectin-3 and galectin-3-binding sites in malignant mammary tumors: implications for tumor metastasis. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1341-52. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Gassmann P, Kang ML, Mees ST, Haier J. In vivo tumor cell adhesion in the pulmonary microvasculature is exclusively mediated by tumor cell--endothelial cell interaction. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:177. [PMID: 20433713 PMCID: PMC2874534 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis formation is the leading cause of death among colon cancer patients. We established a new in-situ model of in vivo microscopy of the lung to analyse initiating events of metastatic tumor cell adhesion within this typical metastatic target of colon cancer. METHODS Anaesthetized CD rats were mechanically ventilated and 106 human HT-29LMM and T84 colon cancer cells were injected intracardially as single cell suspensions. Quantitative in vivo microscopy of the lung was performed in 10 minute intervals for a total of 40 minutes beginning with the time of injection. RESULTS After vehicle treatment of HT-29LMM controls 15.2 +/- 5.3; 14.2 +/- 7.5; 11.4 +/- 5.5; and 15.4 +/- 6.5 cells/20 microscopic fields were found adherent within the pulmonary microvasculature in each 10 minute interval. Similar numbers were found after injection of the lung metastasis derived T84 cell line and after treatment of HT-29LMM with unspecific mouse control-IgG. Subsequently, HT-29LMM cells were treated with function blocking antibodies against beta1-, beta4-, and alphav-integrins wich also did not impair tumor cell adhesion in the lung. In contrast, after hydrolization of sialylated glycoproteins on the cells' surface by neuraminidase, we observed impairment of tumor cell adhesion by more than 50% (p < 0.05). The same degree of impairment was achieved by inhibition of P- and L-selectins via animal treatment with fucoidan (p < 0.05) and also by inhibition of the Thomson-Friedenreich (TF)-antigen (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the initial colon cancer cell adhesion in the capillaries of the lung is predominantly mediated by tumor cell - endothelial cell interactions, possibly supported by platelets. In contrast to reports of earlier studies that metastatic tumor cell adhesion occurs through integrin mediated binding of extracellular matrix proteins in liver, in the lung, the continuously lined endothelium appears to be specifically targeted by circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gassmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery; University Hospital Muenster; Muenster; Germany
| | - Mi-Li Kang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery; University Hospital Muenster; Muenster; Germany
| | - Soeren T Mees
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery; University Hospital Muenster; Muenster; Germany
| | - Joerg Haier
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery; University Hospital Muenster; Muenster; Germany
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26
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Coppé JP, Desprez PY, Krtolica A, Campisi J. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2010; 5:99-118. [PMID: 20078217 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3241] [Impact Index Per Article: 231.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a tumor-suppressive mechanism that permanently arrests cells at risk for malignant transformation. However, accumulating evidence shows that senescent cells can have deleterious effects on the tissue microenvironment. The most significant of these effects is the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that turns senescent fibroblasts into proinflammatory cells that have the ability to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Coppé
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Hu H, Sun L, Guo C, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Peng L, Pan J, Yu L, Lou J, Yang Z, Zhao P, Ran Y. Tumor cell-microenvironment interaction models coupled with clinical validation reveal CCL2 and SNCG as two predictors of colorectal cancer hepatic metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5485-93. [PMID: 19706805 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify novel biological markers for the prediction of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We established two models that mimicked the interactions between colorectal tumor cells and the liver microenvironment. From these models we established subcell lines that had an enhanced ability to metastasize to the liver. Genes that related to hepatic metastasis were screened by microarray. The candidate markers were tested by immunohistochemistry, and their predictive accuracy was assessed by the cross-validation method and an independent test set. RESULTS Highly metastatic colon cancer cell sublines SW1116p21 and SW1116v3 were established from the tumor cell-microenvironment interaction models. Seven of the up-regulated genes in the sublines were selected as candidate markers for predicting metastatic potential. A total of 245 colorectal cancer samples were divided into a training set containing 117 cases and a test set containing 128 cases. In the training set, immunohistochemical analysis showed CCL2 and SNCG expression was higher in the hepatic metastasis group than in the nonmetastasis group, and was correlated with poor survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that CCL2 and SNCG levels in primary tumors, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, and lymph node metastasis status were the only significant (P < 0.05) parameters for detecting liver metastasis. In leave-one-out-cross-validation, the two markers, when combined with clinicopathologic features, resulted in 90.5% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity for hepatic metastasis detection. In an independent test set, the combination achieved 87.5% sensitivity and 82% specificity for predicting the future hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that these models are able to mimic the interactions between colorectal cancer cells and the liver microenvironment, and may represent a promising strategy to identify metastasis-related genes. CCL2 and SNCG, combined with clinicopathologic features, may be used as accurate predictors of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Rana K, Liesveld JL, King MR. Delivery of apoptotic signal to rolling cancer cells: a novel biomimetic technique using immobilized TRAIL and E-selectin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1692-702. [PMID: 19073014 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The survival rate for patients with metastases versus localized cancer is dramatically reduced, with most deaths being associated with the formation of secondary tumors. Circulating cancer cells interact with the endothelial lining of the vasculature via a series of adhesive interactions that facilitate tethering and firm adhesion of cancer cells in the initial steps of metastasis. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) holds promise as a tumor-specific cancer therapeutic, by inducing a death signal by apoptosis via the caspase pathway. In this study, we exploit this phenomenon to deliver a receptor-mediated apoptosis signal to leukemic cells adhesively rolling along a TRAIL and selectin-bearing surface. Results show that cancer cells exhibit selectin-mediated rolling in capillary flow chambers, and that the rolling velocities can be controlled by varying the selectin and selectin surface density and the applied shear stress. It was determined that a 1 h rolling exposure to a functionalized TRAIL and E-selectin surface was sufficient to kill 30% of captured cells compared to static conditions in which 4 h exposure was necessary to kill 30% of the cells. Thus, we conclude that rolling delivery is more effective than static exposure to a TRAIL immobilized surface. We have also verified that there is no significant effect of TRAIL on hematopoietic stem cells and other normal blood cells. This represents the first demonstration of a novel biomimetic method to capture metastatic cells from circulation and deliver an apoptotic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeepsinh Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Gassmann P, Hemping-Bovenkerk A, Mees ST, Haier J. Metastatic tumor cell arrest in the liver-lumen occlusion and specific adhesion are not exclusive. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24:851-8. [PMID: 19319542 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-009-0694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In metastasis research, modern microscopic techniques shed a new light on the mechanisms of metastatic tumor cell arrest in the microcirculation of potential metastasis target organs. In this study, we differentiated the contribution of mechanical cell arrest, determined as lumen occlusion of liver sinusoids by tumor cells, and specific cell adhesion mediated by integrins for the arrest of human colon cancer cells in rat livers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using in vivo microscopy, the diameters of liver sinusoids of two different rat strains (CD, 250-300 g and RNU, 80-120 g) were determined. Cells (HT-29LMM) were intracardially injected, and the numbers of arrested cells and the rates of sinusoid occluding cells were determined. RESULTS Mean sinusoid diameter in CD rats was 6.98 +/- 1.42 microm compared to 5.14 +/- 1.11 microm in RNU rats (p < 0.001). The numbers of arrested tumor cells and the rates of extravasated tumor cells did not differ between the two rat strains. Nevertheless, 5 and 30 min after cell injection, 35 +/- 15% and 19 +/- 8% of arrested cells, respectively, appeared lumen occluding in RNU rats and 9 +/- 6% and 3 +/- 3%, respectively, in CD rats (p < 0.05). Despite the higher rates of lumen occlusive cells in RNU rats, inhibition of beta-1 or beta-4 integrins significantly impaired cell arrest by 30-60% in both strains. DISCUSSION In summary, these results demonstrate that lumen occlusion alone, as determined by in vivo microscopy, is insufficient to establish stable tumor cell arrest of colon carcinoma cells in metastatic target organs and does therefore not rule out the requirement of specific adhesive interactions for tumor cell arrest in the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gassmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany.
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Harless WW. Revisiting perioperative chemotherapy: the critical importance of targeting residual cancer prior to wound healing. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:118. [PMID: 19383172 PMCID: PMC2678149 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientists and physicians have long noted similarities between the general behavior of a cancerous tumor and the physiological process of wound healing. But it may be during metastasis that the parallels between cancer and wound healing are most pronounced. And more particularly and for the reasons detailed in this paper, any cancer remaining after the removal of a solid tumor, whether found in micrometastatic deposits in the stroma or within the circulation, may be heavily dependent on wound healing pathways for its further survival and proliferation. DISCUSSION If cancer cells can hijack the wound healing process to facilitate their metastatic spread and survival, then the period immediately after surgery may be a particularly vulnerable period of time for the host, as wound healing pathways are activated and amplified after the primary tumor is removed. Given that we often wait 30 days or more after surgical removal of the primary tumor before initiating adjuvant chemotherapy to allow time for the wound to heal, this paper challenges the wisdom of that clinical paradigm, providing a theoretical rationale for administering therapy during the perioperative period. SUMMARY Waiting for wound healing to occur before initiating adjuvant therapies may be seriously compromising their effectiveness, and patients subsequently rendered incurable as a result of this wait. Clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of administering adjuvant therapies perioperatively are needed. These therapies should target not only the residual cancer cells, but also the wound healing pathway utilized by these cells to proliferate and metastasize.
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Evaluation of CD44 and CD44v6 in colorectal carcinoma patients: soluble forms in relation to tumor tissue expression and metastasis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2009; 39:73-8. [PMID: 19333790 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-009-9062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been shown that CD44 may be associated with poor prognosis in various human malignancies. This study was designed to investigate and compare the prognostic relevance and clinical value of soluble forms of CD44 and its variant v6 (CD44v6) and their tissue expression in colorectal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum levels of pre- and postoperative CD44 and CD44v6 molecules were evaluated in 37 colorectal cancer patients and compared to healthy individuals. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The serum levels of soluble CD44 and CD44v6 showed no significant decrease after surgical resection of the tumor (p = 0.5). Both CD44 and CD44v6 serum levels either before or after surgery were significantly higher in patients than in normal individuals (p < 0.001). The serum level of CD44v6 molecule was higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than other patients (p = 0.05) implying the role of this molecule in tumor progression. Immunohistochemical staining showed expression of CD44 in 14.3% and CD44v6 in 42.9% of the tumor samples. The expression of CD44v6 was associated with metastatic involvement of lymph nodes (p = 0.03). CD44v6 expression was positively correlated with its level in the serum of patients (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study showed that CD44v6 expression level either in the soluble form or in the cell membrane is associated with tumor metastasis indicating the importance of this molecule in progression of colorectal carcinoma. The serum levels of soluble CD44 as well as CD44v6 might be useful markers for tumor screening.
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Oxidative stress with altered element content and decreased ATP level of erythrocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 20:393-8. [PMID: 18403940 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3282f495c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to study the possible alterations of redox status (enzymatic and nonenzymatic parameters and metal elements) in erythrocytes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and benign liver neoplasms. The function of redox homeostasis is closely connected to the energy level of erythrocytes, therefore, the ATP level was also determined. Antioxidant parameters, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were estimated in the erythrocytes of 11 patients with benign tumour, 23 patients with primary malignant and 37 metastatic liver tumour patients and 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Element content with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer and ATP level by the chemiluminometric method were also determined from the samples. Free radical intensity was significantly increased, whereas erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in the HCC and CRLM groups versus benign groups and controls. Se, Mn and Zn levels were lowered in HCC and CRLM groups versus benign and control groups. The content of Cu, Mg, Se and Zn changed significantly between HCC and CRLM groups. Similarly, ATP concentration decreased in HCC and CRLM versus controls and benign groups. The lowest levels of ATP and antioxidant enzyme activities were found in the case of CRLM patients. These results reveal an alteration in the ATP level of erythrocytes with concomitant changes in the antioxidant defence system in hepatic cancer patients. Altered redox homeostasis (oxidative damage) may lead to decreased ATP level and consequently may play an important role in primary carcinogenesis and generation of metastases, as well.
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Yin J, Pollock C, Tracy K, Chock M, Martin P, Oberst M, Kelly K. Activation of the RalGEF/Ral pathway promotes prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:7538-50. [PMID: 17709381 PMCID: PMC2169046 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00955-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of metastasis is organ specificity; however, little is known about the underlying signaling pathways responsible for the colonization and growth of tumor cells in target organs. Since tyrosine kinase receptor activation is frequently associated with prostate cancer progression, we have investigated the role of a common signaling intermediary, activated Ras, in prostate cancer metastasis. Three effector pathways downstream of Ras, Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEFs), were assayed for their ability to promote the metastasis of a tumorigenic, nonmetastatic human prostate cancer cell line, DU145. Oncogenic Ras promoted the metastasis of DU145 to multiple organs, including bone and brain. Activation of the Raf/ERK pathway stimulated metastatic colonization of the brain, while activation of the RalGEF pathway led to bone metastases, the most common organ site for prostate cancer metastasis. In addition, loss of RalA in the metastatic PC3 cell line inhibited bone metastasis but did not affect subcutaneous tumor growth. Loss of Ral appeared to suppress expansive growth of prostate cancer cells in bone, whereas homing and initial colonization were less affected. These data extend our understanding of the functional roles of the Ral pathway and begin to identify signaling pathways relevant for organ-specific metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuanJuan Yin
- Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr., Rm. 1068, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Metastatic cancer spread to bones, causing intractable pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and ultimately death, represents massive clinical problem. Intravascular cell-to-cell heterotypic (between cancer and other types of cells) and homotypic (between cancer cells) adhesive interactions, leading to the establishment of metastatic deposits in bone marrow vasculature, represent important rate-limiting steps in bone metastasis. In this review, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning metastasis-associated intravascular cell-to-cell adhesive interactions, their role in a multi-step metastatic cascade, and a potential for therapeutic targeting of early metastasis-associated adhesive events.
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Alessandro R, Di Bella MA, Flugy AM, Fontana S, Damiani F, Corrado C, Colomba P, Todaro M, Russo D, Santoro A, Kohn EC, De Leo G. Comparative study of T84 and T84SF human colon carcinoma cells: in vitro and in vivo ultrastructural and functional characterization of cell culture and metastasis. Virchows Arch 2006; 449:48-61. [PMID: 16612624 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-006-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the relationship between tumor heterogeneity, differentiation, and metastasis, suitable experimental models permitting in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary. A new variant cell line (T84SF) exhibiting an altered phenotype was recently selected from a colon cancer cell line (T84) by repetitive plating on TNF-alpha treated human endothelial cells and subsequent selection for adherent cells. The matched pair of cell lines provides a useful system to investigate the extravasation step of the metastatic cascade. Since analysis of morphological differences can be instructive to the understanding of metastatic potential of tumor cells, we compared the ultrastructural and functional phenotype of T84 and T84SF cells in vitro and in vivo. The reported ultrastructural features evidence differences between the two cell lines; selected cells showed a marked pleomorphism of cell size and nuclei, shape, and greater surface complexity. These morphological differences were also coupled with biochemical data showing a distinct tyrosine phosphorylation-based signaling, an altered localization of beta-catenin, MAPK, and AKT activation, as well as an increased expression in T84SF cells of Bcl-X(L), a major regulator of apoptosis. Therefore, these cell lines represent a step forward in the development of appropriate models in vitro and in vivo to investigate colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università di Palermo, Via Divisi 83, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
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Wang N, Thuraisingam T, Fallavollita L, Ding A, Radzioch D, Brodt P. The Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Is a Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor–Regulated Protein that Protects against Liver Metastasis by Attenuating the Host Proinflammatory Response. Cancer Res 2006; 66:3062-70. [PMID: 16540655 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) can attenuate the host proinflammatory response by blocking nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in macrophages. We have previously shown that highly metastatic human and mouse carcinoma cells, on their entry into the hepatic microcirculation, trigger a rapid host proinflammatory response by inducing TNF-alpha production in resident Kupffer cells. Using GeneChip microarray analysis, we found that in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma subclones, SLPI expression was inversely correlated with tumor cell ability to induce a proinflammatory response and metastasize to the liver and with type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor expression levels. To establish a causal relationship between SLPI expression and the metastatic phenotype, we generated, by transfection, multiple clones of the highly metastatic subline (H-59) that overexpress SLPI. We show here that the ability of these cells to elicit a host proinflammatory response in the liver was markedly decreased, as evidenced by reduced TNF-alpha production and vascular E-selectin expression, relative to controls. Moreover, these cells formed significantly fewer hepatic metastases (up to 80% reduction) as compared with mock-transfected controls. Our findings show that SLPI can decrease the liver-metastasizing potential of carcinoma cells and that this protective effect correlates with a decrease in the production of hepatic TNF-alpha and E-selectin. They suggest that factors that attenuate the host proinflammatory response may have a therapeutic potential in the prevention of liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Wang HH, Qiu H, Qi K, Orr FW. Current views concerning the influences of murine hepatic endothelial adhesive and cytotoxic properties on interactions between metastatic tumor cells and the liver. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2005; 4:8. [PMID: 16336680 PMCID: PMC1334213 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-4-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substantial recent experimental evidence has demonstrated the existence of reciprocal interactions between the microvascular bed of a specific organ and intravascular metastatic tumor cells through expression of adhesion molecules and nitric oxide release, resulting in a significant impact upon metastatic outcomes. This review summarizes the current findings of adhesive and cytotoxic endothelial-tumor cell interactions in the liver, the inducibility, zonal distribution and sinusoidal structural influences on the hepatic endothelial regulatory functions, and the effects of these functions on the formation of liver cancer metastases. New insights into the traditional cancer metastatic cascade are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Helen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, Red River College and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hongming Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ke Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - F William Orr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Nakai K, Tanaka T, Murai T, Ohguro N, Tano Y, Miyasaka M. Invasive human pancreatic carcinoma cells adhere to endothelial tri-cellular corners and increase endothelial permeability. Cancer Sci 2005; 96:766-73. [PMID: 16271070 PMCID: PMC11159519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adhesive interactions between metastasizing cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells are critical in hematogenous metastasis, the early molecular events of the cancer-endothelial interaction remain largely obscure. Here we investigated the functional impact of cancer cells on endothelial permeability. We examined the binding of human pancreatic carcinoma cells MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1 and PSN-1 to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer and the subsequent changes in the transendothelial electronic resistance (TEER) of the HUVEC. We found that MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells preferentially bound to the tri-cellular corners of HUVEC and induced a rapid and irreversible reduction of TEER. The reduction of HUVEC TEER was associated with the focal disengagement of endothelial junctional adhesion molecules VE-cadherin and CD31. Blocking antibodies to integrin beta1, CD44, or CD9 affected neither the MIA PaCa-2 binding to HUVEC nor the reduction of TEER. Specific inhibitors for metalloproteinases, tyrosine-kinases and lipoxigenases, and a neutralizing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody failed to affect the MIA PaCa-2-induced reduction of HUVEC TEER, whereas treatment of the cells with paraformaldehyde or cytochalasin B abrogated the TEER reduction. These findings indicate that the MIA PaCa-2 cells bind selectively to endothelial tri-cellular corners, triggering a reduction of HUVEC TEER, which requires the active metabolism and intact actin cytoskeleton of the carcinoma cells, and is apparently unrelated to previously described cell adhesion and soluble factor pathways. Our data indicate a novel cell-contact-dependent mechanism for the cancer cell-mediated breakdown of endothelial barrier functions, which may be important in hematogenous cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakai
- Laboratory of Immunodynamics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology (C8), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Glinskii OV, Huxley VH, Glinsky GV, Pienta KJ, Raz A, Glinsky VV. Mechanical entrapment is insufficient and intercellular adhesion is essential for metastatic cell arrest in distant organs. Neoplasia 2005; 7:522-7. [PMID: 15967104 PMCID: PMC1501167 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we challenge a common perception that tumor embolism is a size-limited event of mechanical arrest, occurring in the first capillary bed encountered by blood-borne metastatic cells. We tested the hypothesis that mechanical entrapment alone, in the absence of tumor cell adhesion to blood vessel walls, is not sufficient for metastatic cell arrest in target organ microvasculature. The in vivo metastatic deposit formation assay was used to assess the number and location of fluorescently labeled tumor cells lodged in selected organs and tissues following intravenous inoculation. We report that a significant fraction of breast and prostate cancer cells escapes arrest in a lung capillary bed and lodges successfully in other organs and tissues. Monoclonal antibodies and carbohydrate-based compounds (anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen antibody, anti-galectin-3 antibody, modified citrus pectin, and lactulosyl-l-leucine), targeting specifically beta-galactoside-mediated tumor-endothelial cell adhesive interactions, inhibited by >90% the in vivo formation of breast and prostate carcinoma metastatic deposits in mouse lung and bones. Our results indicate that metastatic cell arrest in target organ microvessels is not a consequence of mechanical trapping, but is supported predominantly by intercellular adhesive interactions mediated by cancer-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich glycoantigen and beta-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-3. Efficient blocking of beta-galactoside-mediated adhesion precludes malignant cell lodging in target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Glinskii
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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40
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Krishnan V, Bane SM, Kawle PD, Naresh KN, Kalraiya RD. Altered melanoma cell surface glycosylation mediates organ specific adhesion and metastasis via lectin receptors on the lung vascular endothelium. Clin Exp Metastasis 2005; 22:11-24. [PMID: 16132574 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-005-2036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive interactions between the molecules on cancer cells and the target organ are one of the key determinants of the organ specific metastasis. In this communication we show that b1,6 branched N-oligosaccharides which are expressed in a metastasis-dependent manner on B16-melanoma metastatic cell lines, participate in the adhesion process. We demonstrate that high metastatic cells show significantly increased translocation of one of the major carriers of these oligosaccharides, lysosome associated membrane protein (LAMP1), to the cell surface. LAMP1 on high metastatic cells, carry very high levels of these oligosaccharides, which are further substituted with poly N-acetyl lactosamine (polylacNAc), resulting in the expression of high density of very high affinity ligands for galectin-3 on the cell surface. We show that galectin-3 is expressed in highest amount in the lungs as compared to other representative organs. Blocking galectin-3 by pre-incubating the frozen sections of the lungs with 100 mM lactose, substantially inhibited the adhesion of high metastatic cells, while pre-incubation with sucrose had no effect. Finally, by in situ labeling and immunoprecipitation experiment, we demonstrated that the lung vascular endothelial cells express galectin-3 constitutively on their surface. Galectin-3 on the organ endothelium could thus serve as the first anchor for the circulating cancer cells, expressing high density of very high affinity ligands on their surface, and facilitate organ specific metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biological Assay
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Galectin 3/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Lactose/pharmacology
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Oligosaccharides, Branched-Chain/analysis
- Oligosaccharides, Branched-Chain/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Sucrose/pharmacology
- Tissue Adhesions
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Krishnan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 117 609, Singapore
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41
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ten Kate M, Hofland LJ, van Grevenstein WMU, van Koetsveld PV, Jeekel J, van Eijck CHJ. Influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the adhesion of human colon carcinoma cells to lung microvascular endothelium. Int J Cancer 2004; 112:943-50. [PMID: 15386356 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this experimental study, the influence of surgery-induced proinflammatory cytokines on tumor recurrence in the lung was investigated. A reproducible human in vitro assay was developed to study the adhesion of HT29 colon carcinoma cells to monolayers of microvascular endothelial cells of the lung (HMVECs-L) or human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). Preincubation of HMVECs-L with maximally active concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, but not with IL-6, resulted in at least 250% adhesion compared to control adhesion (p <or= 0.01). The effect of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha was concentration- and time-dependent. Comparable results were found for HUVECs. Tumor cell adhesion was not increased after preincubation of HT29 with TNF-alpha. Enzyme immunoassays of cytokine-preincubated HUVECs and HMVECs-L showed concentration- and time-dependent upregulation of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. In addition, LFA-1 and VLA-4 were only expressed on HMVECs-L, creating more binding possibilities for HMVECs-L compared to HUVECs. Inhibition assays with anti-E-selectin monoclonal antibody significantly decreased tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs; however, it did not affect tumor cell adhesion to HMVECs-L. Furthermore, anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies did not affect adhesion. Our results prove IL-1beta and TNF-alpha promote tumor cell adhesion to HMVECs-L in vitro and may therefore account for enhanced tumor recurrence in the lung seen after major surgical trauma. The adhesion of HT29 to HUVEC is inhibitable by E-selectin antibodies, whereas the adhesion to HMVEC-L is not inhibitable by these antibodies. Probably not one but a complex of adhesion molecules is responsible for enhanced adhesion to HMVECs-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda ten Kate
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Shields CJ, Winter DC, Wang JH, Andrews E, Laug WE, Redmond HP. Hypertonic saline impedes tumor cell–endothelial cell interaction by reducing adhesion molecule and laminin expression. Surgery 2004; 136:76-83. [PMID: 15232542 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2003.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertonic saline infusion dampens inflammatory responses and suppresses neutrophil-endothelial interaction by reducing adhesion molecule expression. This study tested the hypothesis that hypertonic saline attenuates tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium through a similar mechanism. METHODS Human colon cancer cells (LS174T) were transfected with green fluorescent protein and exposed to lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 under hypertonic and isotonic conditions for 1 and 4 hours. Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells were similarly exposed. Cellular apoptosis and expression of adhesion molecules and laminin were measured by flow cytometry. Tumor cell adhesion to endothelium and laminin was assessed with fluorescence microscopy. Data are represented as mean +/- standard error of mean, and an ANOVA test was performed to gauge statistical significance, with P <.05 considered significant. RESULTS Hypertonic exposure significantly reduced tumor cell adhesion despite the presence of the perioperative cell stressors (42 +/- 2.9 vs 172.5 +/- 12.4, P <.05), attenuated tumor cell beta-1 integrin (14.43 vs 23.84, P <.05), and endothelial cell laminin expression (22.78 +/- 2.2 vs 33.74 +/- 2.4, P <.05), but did not significantly alter cell viability. CONCLUSION Hypertonic saline significantly attenuates tumor cell adhesion to endothelium by inhibiting adhesion molecule and laminin expression. This may halt the metastatic behavior of tumor cells shed at surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Shields
- Department of Academic Surgery, Cork University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Wilton
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Glinskii OV, Turk JR, Pienta KJ, Huxley VH, Glinsky VV. Evidence of porcine and human endothelium activation by cancer-associated carbohydrates expressed on glycoproteins and tumour cells. J Physiol 2004; 554:89-99. [PMID: 14678494 PMCID: PMC1664748 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.054783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that after metastatic cancer cells escape the primary tumour and enter the circulation, their interactions with microvascular endothelium of a target organ constitute an essential rate-limiting step in haematogenous cancer metastasis. However, the physiological and biochemical processes supporting neoplastic cell arrest and retention in the microcirculation are still poorly understood. In this study, we present experimental evidence that microvascular endothelium of metastasis-prone tissues undergoes activation in response to desialylated cancer-associated carbohydrate structures such as Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen (Galbeta1-3GalNAc) expressed on circulating glycoproteins and neoplastic cells. The metastasis-associated endothelium activation, manifested by marked increase in endothelial cell surface galectin-3 expression, causes gradual decrease in cancer cell velocities (from 72 x 10(2)+/- 33 x 10(2) microm s-1 to 7.6 x 10(2)+/- 1.9 x 10(2) microm s-1, mean +/-s.d.) accompanied by a corresponding increase in the percentage of rolling cells (from 3.3%+/- 1.2% to 24.3%+/- 3.6%, mean +/-s.d.), and results in human breast and prostate carcinoma cell arrest and retention in the microvasculature. This process, which could be of high importance in haematogenous cancer metastasis, was inhibited efficiently by an anti-TF antigen function-blocking antibody. Carbohydrate-mediated endothelial activation could be a process of physiological significance as it probably occurs in the interactions between a variety of circulating constituents and the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Glinskii
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology Biomedical Sciences Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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44
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Brown DM, Ruoslahti E. Metadherin, a cell surface protein in breast tumors that mediates lung metastasis. Cancer Cell 2004; 5:365-74. [PMID: 15093543 DOI: 10.1016/s1535-6108(04)00079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Revised: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We used a phage expression library of cDNAs from metastatic breast carcinoma to identify protein domains that bind to the vasculature of the lung, a frequent site of breast cancer metastasis. We found that one protein domain selectively targeted phage as well as cells to the lung. This domain is part of the protein metadherin, shown by gene expression profiling to be overexpressed in metastatic breast cancer. Immunostaining revealed that metadherin is overexpressed in breast cancer tissue and breast tumor xenografts. Antibodies reactive to the lung-homing domain of metadherin and siRNA-mediated knockdown of metadherin expression in breast cancer cells inhibited experimental lung metastasis, indicating that tumor cell metadherin mediates localization at the metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Brown
- Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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45
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Abstract
One link between aging and endothelial function is the inflammatory response. On one hand, the latter shortens the biological engaged by activated leukocytes against invaders or stressing agents. On the other hand, the surveyed tissues become targets of the toxicity of reactive oxygen species, ROS. The ensuing regeneration is source of transcriptional infidelity, leading to the alteration of the repaired tissue. Hence, the toll of inflammatory stress consists in premature senescence of cell and tissues. This hypothesis is discussed in the present review, which focuses on the molecular targets relevant for cancer and degenerative diseases, both tributary to an inflammatory environment and taking advantage from the consequences of cell and tissue dysfunctions characteristic of aging. Eventually, adaptation to stress, whatever its origin -inflammatory and/or psychosocial-is discussed. Basal nitric oxide (NO) release, such as provided through moderate exercise, seems to be the most potent guardian against immune, nervous and cardiovascular over-stimulation. Tissue regeneration is also obtained by circulating endothelial progenitors able to recognize the damaged tissue. To avoid post-inflammatory alterations resulting in detrimental changes of tissues and organs, the pharmacological protection of endothelium by agents able to modulate its activation seems crucial to us.
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46
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Abdel-Ghany M, Cheng HC, Elble RC, Lin H, DiBiasio J, Pauli BU. The interacting binding domains of the beta(4) integrin and calcium-activated chloride channels (CLCAs) in metastasis. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:49406-16. [PMID: 14512419 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309086200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CLCA (chloride channel, calcium-activated) proteins are novel pulmonary vascular addresses for blood-borne, lung-metastatic cancer cells. They facilitate vascular arrest of cancer cells via adhesion to beta4 integrin and promote early, intravascular, metastatic growth. Here we identify the interacting binding domains of endothelial CLCA proteins (e.g. hCLCA2, mCLCA5, mCLCA1, and bCLCA2) and beta4 integrin. Endothelial CLCAs share a common beta4-binding motif (beta4BM) in their 90- and 35-kDa subunits of the sequence F(S/N)R(I/L/V)(S/T)S, which is located in the second extracellular domain of the 90-kDa CLCA and near the N terminus of the 35-kDa CLCA, respectively. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent, pull-down, and adhesion assays, we showed that glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of beta4BMs from the 90- and 35-kDa CLCA subunits bind to the beta4 integrin in a metal ion-dependent manner. Fusion proteins from fibronectin and the integrins beta1 and beta3 served as negative controls. beta4BM fusion proteins competitively blocked the beta4/CLCA adhesion and prevented lung colonization of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A disrupted beta4BM in hCLCA1, which is not expressed in endothelia, failed to interact with beta4 integrin. The corresponding CLCA-binding domain of the beta4 integrin is localized to the specific determining loop (SDL). Again enzyme-linked immunosorbent, pull-down, and adhesion assays were used to confirm the interaction with CLCA proteins using a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein representing the C-terminal two-thirds of beta4 SDL (amino acids 184-203). A chimeric beta4 integrin in which the indicated SDL sequence had been replaced with the corresponding sequence from the beta1 integrin failed to bind hCLCA2. The dominance of the CLCA ligand in beta4 activation and outside-in signaling is discussed in reference to our previous report that beta4/CLCA ligation elicits selective signaling via focal adhesion kinase to promote metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mossaad Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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47
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Qiu H, Orr FW, Jensen D, Wang HH, McIntosh AR, Hasinoff BB, Nance DM, Pylypas S, Qi K, Song C, Muschel RJ, Al-Mehdi AB. Arrest of B16 melanoma cells in the mouse pulmonary microcirculation induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent nitric oxide release that is cytotoxic to the tumor cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 162:403-12. [PMID: 12547699 PMCID: PMC1851169 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells seed the lung via blood vessels. Because endothelial cells generate nitric oxide (NO) in response to shear stress, we postulated that the arrest of cancer cells in the pulmonary microcirculation causes the release of NO in the lung. After intravenous injection of B16F1 melanoma cells, pulmonary NO increased sevenfold throughout 20 minutes and approached basal levels by 4 hours. NO induction was blocked by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and was not observed in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice. NO production, visualized ex vivo with the fluorescent NO probe diaminofluorescein diacetate, increased rapidly at the site of tumor cell arrest, and continued to increase throughout 20 minutes. Arrested tumor cells underwent apoptosis with apoptotic counts more than threefold over baseline at 8 and 48 hours. Neither the NO signals nor increased apoptosis were seen in eNOS knockout mice or mice pretreated with L-NAME. At 48 hours, 83% of the arrested cells had cleared from the lungs of wild-type mice but only approximately 55% of the cells cleared from eNOS-deficient or L-NAME pretreated mice. eNOS knockout and L-NAME-treated mice had twofold to fivefold more metastases than wild-type mice, measured by the number of surface nodules or by histomorphometry. We conclude that tumor cell arrest in the pulmonary microcirculation induces eNOS-dependent NO release by the endothelium adjacent to the arrested tumor cells and that NO is one factor that causes tumor cell apoptosis, clearance from the lung, and inhibition of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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48
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Abstract
Neoplastic meningitis (NM) is a dreaded metastatic complication occurring in 5% to 10% of cancer patients. Survival is limited, usually ranging from 4 to 16 weeks. The pathogenesis of NM has not been extensively investigated but can be considered from the anatomic and molecular biologic standpoints. Malignant cells reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and meninges by direct invasion from tumors located near or within the central nervous system (CNS), or via the bloodstream or other pathways that contact the CNS. Symptoms of NM are caused by malignant cells invading and damaging nervous tissue, obstructing the vascular supply to nervous tissue, or obstructing CSF pathways. The molecular changes responsible for the development of NM are not well delineated, but it is likely that they involve changes in molecules responsible for tumor cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. An understanding of the pathogenesis of NM will allow for its earliest possible diagnosis and ultimately lead to therapies targeted at the underlying molecular causes of this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris D Groves
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 431, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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49
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Abdel-Ghany M, Cheng HC, Elble RC, Pauli BU. Focal adhesion kinase activated by beta(4) integrin ligation to mCLCA1 mediates early metastatic growth. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:34391-400. [PMID: 12110680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205307200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Early metastatic growth occurs at sites of vascular arrest of blood-borne cancer cells and is entirely intravascular. Here we show that lung colonization by B16-F10 cells is licensed by beta(4) integrin adhesion to the mouse lung endothelial Ca(2+)-activated chloride channel protein mCLCA1. In a manner independent of Met, beta(4) integrin-mCLCA1-ligation leads to complexing with and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and downstream signaling to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). FAK/ERK signaling is Src-dependent and is interrupted by adhesion blocking antibodies and by dominant-negative (dn)-FAK mutants. Levels of ERK activation in B16-F10 cells transfected with wild-type or mutant FAK are closely associated with rates of proliferation and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation of tumor cells grown in mCLCA1-coated dishes, the ability to form tumor cell colonies on CLCA-expressing endothelial cell monolayers, and the extent of pulmonary metastatic growth. Parallel with the transfection rates, B16-F10 cells transfected with dn-FAK mutants and injected intravenously into syngeneic mice generate approximately half the number and size of lung colonies that vector-transfected B16-F10 cells produce. For the first time, beta(4) integrin ligation to its novel CLCA-adhesion partner is shown to be associated with FAK complexing, activation, and signaling to promote early, intravascular, metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mossaad Abdel-Ghany
- Cancer Biology Laboratories, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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50
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Abstract
Metastases, rather than primary tumours, are responsible for most cancer deaths. To prevent these deaths, improved ways to treat metastatic disease are needed. Blood flow and other mechanical factors influence the delivery of cancer cells to specific organs, whereas molecular interactions between the cancer cells and the new organ influence the probability that the cells will grow there. Inhibition of the growth of metastases in secondary sites offers a promising approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Chambers
- London Regional Cancer Centre, London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada.
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