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Kim A, Kim AR, Jeon YE, Yoo YJ, Yang YM, Bak EJ. TRPC expression in human periodontal ligament cells and the periodontal tissue of periodontitis mice: a preliminary study. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:19. [PMID: 37653550 PMCID: PMC10472569 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are non-selective cationic channels with permeability to Ca2+ and Na+. Despite their importance, there are currently few studies on TRPC in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone cells in the dental field. To provide biological information regarding TRPC in PDL cells and periodontal tissue, we evaluated TRPC channels expression in the osteoblast differentiation of PDL cells and periodontitis-induced tissue. Human PDL cells were cultured in osteogenic differentiation media for 28 days, and the expression of Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), and TRPC1, 3, 4, and 6 was evaluated by real-time PCR. In ligature-induced periodontitis mice, the alveolar bone and osteoid areas, the osteoclast number, and the expression of Runx2, OCN, TRPC3, and TRPC6 was evaluated by H&E staining, TRAP staining, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS In the PDL cell differentiation group, TRPC6 expression peaked on day 7 and TRPC3 expression generally increased during differentiation. During the 28 days of periodontitis progression, alveolar bone loss and osteoclast numbers increased compared to the control group during the experimental period and the osteoid area increased from day 14. TRPC6 expression in the periodontitis group increased in the PDL area and in the osteoblasts compared to the control group, whereas TRPC3 expression increased only in the PDL area on days 7 and 28. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate changes of TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression in PDL cells that were differentiating into osteoblasts and in periodontitis-induced tissue, suggesting the need for research on the role of TRPC in osteoblast differentiation or periodontitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeryun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Oral Health Research Institute, Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Bucheon, 14642, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Eui Jeon
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Sinchon Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Wang L, Liang H, Sun B, Mi J, Tong X, Wang Y, Chen M, Yu L, Pan J, Liu S, Liu YJ, Liu Y. Role of TRPC6 in periodontal tissue reconstruction mediated by appropriate stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:401. [PMID: 35932080 PMCID: PMC9354362 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basis of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the reconstruction of periodontal tissue under stress. Increasing the speed of OTM has always been the focus of attention. OBJECTIVES Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are direct effector cells of mechanical force, but the mechanism by which PDLSCs sense mechanical stimuli is unclear. METHODS Human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs) were analyzed in the presence or absence of force loading with the Flexcell loading system in vitro. Then, periodontal tissues were analyzed after mechanical stimulation in vivo. In addition, cells in a confined microenvironment were analyzed to observe changes in the cytoskeleton and migration. Finally, TRPC6-/- mice were used to further verify the effect of TRPC6. After force application, the OTM distance, bone marrow density (BMD), TRPC6 and COL1 expression, and TRAP staining were evaluated in periodontal tissues. RESULTS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and western blot analyses revealed that TRPC6 was important during mechanical force application to hPDLSCs. Appropriate mechanical force application also induced TRPC6 activation in the OTM model and the confined microenvironment. Under a slightly confined microenvironment, treatment with the TRPC6 inhibitor SKF96365 and TRPC6 knockout decreased the migration speed of hPDLSCs and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). In addition, TRPC6-/- mice showed lower OTM distances and reduced osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation. CONCLUSION In summary, TRPC6 activation in PDLSCs mediated by appropriate mechanical force application contributes to periodontal tissue reconstruction. PDLSCs modulate periodontal tissue remodeling under appropriate mechanical stimulation through TRPC6; however, under excessive stress, alveolar bone and tooth roots are readily absorbed. Under this condition, environmental factors play a leading role, and the regulatory effect of TRPC6 is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Dental Department, Shanghai 1st People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingjing Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jing Mi
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xianqin Tong
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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3
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Chen X, Li J, Huang Y, Liu P, Fan Y. Insoluble Microenvironment Facilitating the Generation and Maintenance of Pluripotency. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:267-278. [PMID: 29327674 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold enormous potential as a tool to generate cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Since the initial report of iPSCs in 2006, many different methods have been developed to enhance the safety and efficiency of this technology. Recent studies indicate that the extracellular signals can promote the production of iPSCs, and even replace the Yamanaka factors. Noticeably, abundant evidences suggest that the insoluble microenvironment, including the culture substrate and neighboring cells, directly regulates the expression of core pluripotency genes and the epigenetic modification of the chromatins, hence, impacts the reprogramming dynamics. These studies provide new strategies for developing safer and more efficient method for iPSC generation. In this review, we examine the publications addressing the insoluble extracellular microenvironment that boosts iPSC generation and self-renewal. We also discuss cell adhesion-mediated molecular mechanisms, through which the insoluble extracellular cues interplay with reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Chen
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 2 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 2 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 2 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 4 National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids , Beijing, China
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Nikolova-Krstevski V, Wagner S, Yu ZY, Cox CD, Cvetkovska J, Hill AP, Huttner IG, Benson V, Werdich AA, MacRae C, Feneley MP, Friedrich O, Martinac B, Fatkin D. Endocardial TRPC-6 Channels Act as Atrial Mechanosensors and Load-Dependent Modulators of Endocardial/Myocardial Cross-Talk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:575-590. [PMID: 30062171 PMCID: PMC6058914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoelectrical feedback may increase arrhythmia susceptibility, but the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. This study showed that mechanical stretch altered the localization, protein levels, and function of the cation-selective transient receptor potential channel (TRPC)-6 in atrial endocardial cells in humans, pigs, and mice. In endocardial/myocardial cross-talk studies, addition of media from porcine atrial endocardium (AE) cells altered the calcium (Ca2+) transient characteristics of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. These changes did not occur with media from stretched AE cells. Our data suggested that endocardial TRPC-6-dependent paracrine signaling may modulate myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis under basal conditions and protect against stretch-induced atrial arrhythmias.
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Key Words
- AE, atrial endocardium
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- APB, aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
- Ab, antibody
- CM, cardiomyocyte
- Ca2+, calcium
- Dil-Ac-LDL, dil acetylated−low-density lipoprotein
- ET, endothelin
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- OAG, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol
- TAC, thoracic aortic constriction
- TRPC, transient receptor potential channel
- Tet, tetanus toxin
- [Ca2+]i, intracellular global Ca2+
- atrial endocardium
- endothelium
- iPS, induced pluripotent stem
- mechanical stretch
- transient receptor potential channels
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Soeren Wagner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ze Yan Yu
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jasmina Cvetkovska
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam P Hill
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Benson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Calum MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Feneley
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Xie C, Cao X, Chen X, Wang D, Zhang WK, Sun Y, Hu W, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Huang P. Mechanosensitivity of wild-type and G551D cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) controls regulatory volume decrease in simple epithelia. FASEB J 2016; 30:1579-89. [PMID: 26683699 PMCID: PMC6137689 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-283002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an epithelial ligand-gated anion channel, are associated with the lethal genetic disease cystic fibrosis. The CFTR G551D mutation impairs ATP hydrolysis and thereby makes CFTR refractory to cAMP stimulation. Both wild-type (WT) and G551D CFTR have been implicated in regulatory volume decrease (RVD), but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the channel activity of both WT and G551D CFTR is directly stimulated by mechanical perturbation induced by cell swelling at the single-channel, cellular, and tissue levels. Hypotonicity activated CFTR single channels in cell-attached membrane patches and WT-CFTR-mediated short-circuit current (Isc) in Calu-3 cells, and this was independent of Ca(2+)and cAMP/PKA signaling. Genetic suppression and ablation but not G551D mutation of CFTR suppressed the hypotonicity- and stretch-inducedIscin Calu-3 cells and mouse duodena. Moreover, ablation but not G551D mutation of the CFTR gene inhibited the RVD of crypts isolated from mouse intestine; more importantly, CFTR-specific blockers markedly suppressed RVD in both WT- and G551D CFTR mice, demonstrating for the first time that the channel activity of both WT and G551D CFTR is required for epithelial RVD. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying CFTR involvement in epithelial RVD and suggest that the mechanosensitivity of G551D CFTR might underlie the mild phenotypes resulting from this mutation.-Xie, C., Cao, X., Chen, X, Wang, D., Zhang, W. K., Sun, Y., Hu, W., Zhou, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, P. Mechanosensitivity of wild-type and G551D cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) controls regulatory volume decrease in simple epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Xie
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Cao
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xibing Chen
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kevin Zhang
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenbao Hu
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingbo Huang
- *Division of Life Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Revisiting TRPC1 and TRPC6 mechanosensitivity. Pflugers Arch 2007; 455:1097-103. [PMID: 17957383 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses whether TRPC1 or TRPC6 is an essential component of a mammalian stretch-activated mechano-sensitive Ca(2+) permeable cation channel (MscCa). We have transiently expressed TRPC1 and TRPC6 in African green monkey kidney (COS) or Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and monitored the activity of the stretch-activated channels using a fast pressure clamp system. Although both TRPC1 and TRPC6 are highly expressed at the protein level, the amplitude of the mechano-sensitive current is not significantly altered by overexpression of these subunits. In conclusion, although several TRPC channel members, including TRPC1 and TRPC6, have been recently proposed to form MscCa in vertebrate cells, the functional expression of these TRPC subunits in heterologous systems remains problematic.
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Raoux M, Rodat-Despoix L, Azorin N, Giamarchi A, Hao J, Maingret F, Crest M, Coste B, Delmas P. Mechanosensor Channels in Mammalian Somatosensory Neurons. SENSORS 2007; 7:1667-1682. [PMID: 28903189 PMCID: PMC3841838 DOI: 10.3390/s7091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoreceptive sensory neurons innervating the skin, skeletal muscles and viscera signal both innocuous and noxious information necessary for proprioception, touch and pain. These neurons are responsible for the transduction of mechanical stimuli into action potentials that propagate to the central nervous system. The ability of these cells to detect mechanical stimuli impinging on them relies on the presence of mechanosensitive channels that transduce the external mechanical forces into electrical and chemical signals. Although a great deal of information regarding the molecular and biophysical properties of mechanosensitive channels in prokaryotes has been accumulated over the past two decades, less is known about the mechanosensitive channels necessary for proprioception and the senses of touch and pain. This review summarizes the most pertinent data on mechanosensitive channels of mammalian somatosensory neurons, focusing on their properties, pharmacology and putative identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Raoux
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Lise Rodat-Despoix
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Nathalie Azorin
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Aurélie Giamarchi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Jizhe Hao
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - François Maingret
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Marcel Crest
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Bertrand Coste
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Patrick Delmas
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6150, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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