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He P, Cui W, Munir S, He P, Huang R, Li X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Tang P, He Y, He P. Fengycin produced by Bacillus subtilis XF-1 plays a major role in the biocontrol of Chinese cabbage clubroot via direct effect and defense stimulation. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36946428 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 is a well-investigated biocontrol agent against the biotrophic Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron., the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous crops. The present study demonstrates that XF-1 could efficiently control clubroot disease via leaf spraying and provides an understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HTPLC) analysis indicated the presence of fengycin-type cyclopeptides in the supernatant. A ppsB deletion mutant of XF-1 resulted in no fengycin production, significantly reduced the lysis rate of testing spores in vitro and the primary infection rate of root hair in vivo, and decreased the protection value against clubroot disease under the greenhouse conditions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy proved that fengycin was not required for leaf internalization and root colonization. Moreover, the expression level of the ppsB gene in XF-1 was regulated by its cell density in root during interaction with P. brassicae. In addition, the ΔppsB mutant of XF-1 could not efficiently control disease because it led to a lower activation level of the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in roots, which are necessary for the plant defense reaction upon pathogen invasion. Altogether, the present study provides a new understanding of specific cues in the interaction between B. subtilis and P. brassicae as well as insights into the application of B. subtilis in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruirong Huang
- Plant Protection Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuehu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yueqiu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengfei He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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2
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Sun W, Gregory DA, Zhao X. Designed peptide amphiphiles as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102866. [PMID: 36898186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are peptide-based molecules that contain a peptide sequence as a head group covalently conjugated to a hydrophobic segment, such as lipid tails. They can self-assemble into well-ordered supramolecular nanostructures such as micelles, vesicles, twisted ribbons and nanofibers. In addition, the diversity of natural amino acids gives the possibility to produce PAs with different sequences. These properties along with their biocompatibility, biodegradability and a high resemblance to native extracellular matrix (ECM) have resulted in PAs being considered as ideal scaffold materials for tissue engineering (TE) applications. This review introduces the 20 natural canonical amino acids as building blocks followed by highlighting the three categories of PAs: amphiphilic peptides, lipidated peptide amphiphiles and supramolecular peptide amphiphile conjugates, as well as their design rules that dictate the peptide self-assembly process. Furthermore, 3D bio-fabrication strategies of PAs hydrogels are discussed and the recent advances of PA-based scaffolds in TE with the emphasis on bone, cartilage and neural tissue regeneration both in vitro and in vivo are considered. Finally, future prospects and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - David Alexander Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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3
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Rajer FU, Samma MK, Ali Q, Rajar WA, Wu H, Raza W, Xie Y, Tahir HAS, Gao X. Bacillus spp.-Mediated Growth Promotion of Rice Seedlings and Suppression of Bacterial Blight Disease under Greenhouse Conditions. Pathogens 2022; 11:1251. [PMID: 36365003 PMCID: PMC9694674 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal and staple food crop worldwide, and its growth and production are affected by several fungal and bacterial phytopathogens. Bacterial blight (BB) is one of the world's most devastating rice diseases, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). In the current study, Bacillus atrophaeus FA12 and B. cabrialesii FA26 were isolated from the rice rhizosphere and characterized as having broad-range antifungal and antibacterial activities against various phytopathogens, including Xoo. In addition, the selected strains were further evaluated for their potent rice growth promotion and suppression efficacy against BB under greenhouse conditions. The result shows that FA12 and FA26, applied as seed inoculants, significantly enhanced the vigor index of rice seedlings by 78.89% and 108.70%, respectively. Suppression efficacy against BB disease by FA12 and FA26 reached up to 59.74% and 54.70%, respectively, in pot experiments. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS analysis of selected strains revealed the masses ranged from m/z 1040 to 1540, representing that iturins and fengycin are the major antimicrobial compounds in the crude extracts, which might have beneficial roles in rice defence responses against BB. In conclusion, FA12 and FA26 possess broad-range antagonistic activity and have the capability to promote plant growth traits. More importantly, applying these strains has a high potential for implementing eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable management practices for BB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Uddin Rajer
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem Samma
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Waleed Ahmed Rajar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Huijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Waseem Raza
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Department of Grassland Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Samad Tahir
- Tobacco Research Institute, Pakistan Tobacco Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Peshawar 25124, Pakistan
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Ji L, Zhang L, Liu H, Shen J, Zhang Y, Lu L, Zhang X, Ma X. Bacillus subtilis M6 improves intestinal barrier, antioxidant capacity and gut microbial composition in AA broiler. Front Nutr 2022; 9:965310. [PMID: 36061900 PMCID: PMC9428444 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis can secret a variety of substances to improve human and animal gut health via inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a fast-growing and stress-resistant strain of Bacillus subtilis M6 (B. subtilis M6) were isolated, which showed a strong antibacterial activity to E. coli K88, S. typhimurium ATCC14028, and S. aureus ATCC25923 in vitro. In vivo studies showed that B. subtilis M6 can significantly improve the average daily gain (ADG) using an AA broiler model. Dietary B. subtilis M6 improved the intestinal morphology. The villus height of jejunum and ileum were significantly increased. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ileal mucosa was significantly reduced in B. subtilis M6 treatment group, which suggested the oxidative stress of the ileum was significantly relieved. Though the β diversity of treatments was not significantly, B. subtilis M6 improved the composition of intestinal microbes, especially at the level of caecum genus, the dominant genus was changed from Ruminococcus to Akkermansia, which indicated the change of intestinal carbohydrate nutrition. In conclusion, these data indicate that the B. subtilis M6 shows a probiotic potential to improve intestinal health via altering gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujun Zhang
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xi Ma
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5
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Yasmin A, Aslam F, Fariq A. Genetic Evidences of Biosurfactant Production in Two Bacillus subtilis Strains MB415 and MB418 Isolated From Oil Contaminated Soil. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855762. [PMID: 35557861 PMCID: PMC9086163 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are a diverse group of amphiphilic compounds obtained from microbes. In the present study, the genomic analysis of biosurfactant-producing Bacillus subtilis MB415 and MB418 obtained from oil-contaminated soil was performed. Initially, the strains were screened for biosurfactant production by hemolytic assay, emulsification index, and oil displacement. Further FTIR analysis of extracted biosurfactants revealed the presence of lipopeptides. The sequenced genomes of MB415 and MB418 were of 4.2 Mbps with 43% GC content. Among more than 4,500 protein-coding genes, many were involved in virulence, metal/multidrug resistances, flagella assembly, chemotactic response, and aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases. An annotation analysis revealed that both genomes possessed non-ribosomal synthetase gene clusters for the lipopeptide synthetases srf and fen responsible for surfactin and fengycin production. Comparative studies of both genomes highlighted variability in gene operons mainly for surfactin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Aslam
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anila Fariq
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Kotli, Pakistan
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6
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Bacterial hitchhikers derive benefits from fungal housing. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1523-1533.e6. [PMID: 35235767 PMCID: PMC9009100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi and bacteria are ubiquitous constituents of all microbiomes, yet mechanisms of microbial persistence in polymicrobial communities remain obscure. Here, we examined the hypothesis that specialized fungal survival structures, chlamydospores, induced by bacterial lipopeptides serve as bacterial reservoirs. We find that symbiotic and pathogenic gram-negative bacteria from non-endosymbiotic taxa enter and propagate in chlamydospores. Internalized bacteria have higher fitness than planktonic bacteria when challenged with abiotic stress. Further, tri-cultures of Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus flavus reveal the unprecedented finding that chlamydospores are colonized by endofungal bacterial communities. Our work identifies a previously unknown ecological role of chlamydospores, provides an expanded view of microbial niches, and presents significant implications for the persistence of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria.
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7
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Schoenborn AA, Yannarell SM, Wallace ED, Clapper H, Weinstein IC, Shank EA. Defining the Expression, Production, and Signaling Roles of Specialized Metabolites during Bacillus subtilis Differentiation. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0033721. [PMID: 34460312 PMCID: PMC8544424 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00337-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial specialized (or secondary) metabolites are structurally diverse molecules that mediate intra- and interspecies interactions by altering growth and cellular physiology and differentiation. Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive model bacterium commonly used to study biofilm formation and sporulation, has the capacity to produce more than 10 specialized metabolites. Some of these B. subtilis specialized metabolites have been investigated for their role in facilitating cellular differentiation, but only rarely has the behavior of multiple metabolites been simultaneously investigated. In this study, we explored the interconnectivity of differentiation (biofilm and sporulation) and specialized metabolites in B. subtilis. Specifically, we interrogated how development influences specialized metabolites and vice versa. Using the sporulation-inducing medium DSM, we found that the majority of the specialized metabolites examined are expressed and produced during biofilm formation and sporulation. Additionally, we found that six of these metabolites (surfactin, ComX, bacillibactin, bacilysin, subtilosin A, and plipastatin) are necessary signaling molecules for proper progression of B. subtilis differentiation. This study further supports the growing body of work demonstrating that specialized metabolites have essential physiological functions as cell-cell communication signals in bacteria. IMPORTANCE Bacterially produced specialized metabolites are frequently studied for their potential use as antibiotics and antifungals. However, a growing body of work has suggested that the antagonistic potential of specialized metabolites is not their only function. Here, using Bacillus subtilis as our model bacterium, we demonstrated that developmental processes such as biofilm formation and sporulation are tightly linked to specialized metabolite gene expression and production. Additionally, under our differentiation-inducing conditions, six out of the nine specialized metabolites investigated behave as intraspecific signals that impact B. subtilis physiology and influence biofilm formation and sporulation. Our work supports the viewpoint that specialized metabolites have a clear role as cell-cell signaling molecules within differentiated populations of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi A. Schoenborn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M. Yannarell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - E. Diane Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haley Clapper
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ilon C. Weinstein
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Shank
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Singh P, Xie J, Qi Y, Qin Q, Jin C, Wang B, Fang W. A Thermotolerant Marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S185 Producing Iturin A5 for Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090516. [PMID: 34564178 PMCID: PMC8472358 DOI: 10.3390/md19090516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana (also known as Panama disease), is a severe fungal disease caused by soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). In recent years, biocontrol strategies using antifungal microorganisms from various niches and their related bioactive compounds have been used to prevent and control Panama disease. Here, a thermotolerant marine strain S185 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, displaying strong antifungal activity against Foc. The strain S185 possesses multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) and biocontrol utility properties, such as producing indole acetic acid (IAA) and ammonia, assimilating various carbon sources, tolerating pH of 4 to 9, temperature of 20 to 50 °C, and salt stress of 1 to 5%. Inoculation of S185 colonized the banana plants effectively and was mainly located in leaf and root tissues. To further investigate the antifungal components, compounds were extracted, fractionated, and purified. One compound, inhibiting Foc with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 25 μg/disk, was identified as iturin A5 by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The isolated iturin, A5, resulted in severe morphological changes during spore germination and hyphae growth of Foc. These results specify that B. amyloliquefaciens S185 plays a key role in preventing the Foc pathogen by producing the antifungal compound iturin A5, and possesses potential as a cost-effective and sustainable biocontrol strain for Panama disease in the future. This is the first report of isolation of the antifungal compound iturin A5 from thermotolerant marine B. amyloliquefaciens S185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Singh
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (P.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Q.); (C.J.)
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (P.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Q.); (C.J.)
| | - Yanhua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (P.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Q.); (C.J.)
| | - Qijian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (P.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Q.); (C.J.)
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (P.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Q.); (C.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (P.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Q.); (C.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (W.F.)
| | - Wenxia Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (P.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Q.); (C.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (W.F.)
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9
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Wu JJ, Chou HP, Huang JW, Deng WL. Genomic and biochemical characterization of antifungal compounds produced by Bacillus subtilis PMB102 against Alternaria brassicicola. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126815. [PMID: 34284299 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is ubiquitous and capable of producing various metabolites, which make the bacterium a good candidate as a biocontrol agent for managing plant diseases. In this study, a phyllosphere bacterium B. subtilis PMB102 isolated from tomato leaf was found to inhibit the growth of Alternaria brassicicola ABA-31 on PDA and suppress Alternaria leaf spot on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa). The genome of PMB102 (Accession no. CP047645) was completely sequenced by Nanopore and Illumina technology to generate a circular chromosome of 4,103,088 bp encoding several gene clusters for synthesizing bioactive compounds. PMB102 and the other B. subtilis strains from different sources were compared in pangenome analysis to identify a suite of conserved genes involved in biocontrol and habitat adaptation. Two predicted gene products, surfactin and fengycin, were extracted from PMB102 culture filtrates and verified by LC-MS/MS. The antifungal activity of fengycin was tested on A. brassicicola ABA-31 in bioautography to inhibit hyphae growth, and in co-culturing assays to elicit the formation of swollen hyphae. Our data revealed that B. subtilis PMB102 suppresses Alternaria leaf spot by the production of antifungal metabolites, and fengycin plays an important role to inhibit the vegetative growth of A. brassicicola ABA-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Jia Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ping Chou
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Wen Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Deng
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.
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10
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Li S, He P, Fan H, Liu L, Yin K, Yang B, Li Y, Huang SM, Li X, Zheng SJ. A Real-Time Fluorescent Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Genetic Markers' Expression Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Banana Biocontrol Activities in Bacillus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:353. [PMID: 33946404 PMCID: PMC8147159 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), especially Tropical Race 4 (TR4), seriously threatens banana production worldwide. There is no single effective control measure, although certain Bacillus strains secrete antibiotics as promising disease-biocontrol agents. This study identified five Bacillus strains displaying strong antibiotic activity against TR4, using a systemic assessment for presence/absence of genetic markers at genome level, and expression profiles at transcriptome level. A conventional PCR with 13 specific primer pairs detected biocontrol-related genes. An accurate, quantitative real-time PCR protocol with novel designed specific primers was developed to characterise strain-specific gene expression, that optimises strain-culturing and RNA-isolation methodologies. Six genes responsible for synthesising non-ribosomal peptide synthetase biocontrol metabolites were detected in all five strains. Three genes were involved in synthesising three Polyketide synthetase metabolites in all five strains, but the macrolactin synthase gene mln was only detected in WBN06 and YN1282-2. All five Bacillus strains have the genes dhb and bioA, essential for synthesising bacillibactin and biotin. However, the gene sboA, involved in subtilisin synthesis, is absent in all five strains. These genes' expression patterns were significantly different among these strains, suggesting different mechanisms involved in TR4 biocontrol. Results will help elucidate functional genes' biocontrol mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Ping He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huacai Fan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Lina Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Kesuo Yin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Baoming Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongping Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Su-Mei Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Xundong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Si-Jun Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (S.L.); (P.H.); (H.F.); (L.L.); (K.Y.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Bioversity International, Kunming 650205, China
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11
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Olajide AM, Chen S, LaPointe G. Markers to Rapidly Distinguish Bacillus paralicheniformis From the Very Close Relative, Bacillus licheniformis. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:596828. [PMID: 33505369 PMCID: PMC7829221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As close relatives, Bacillus paralicheniformis is often wrongly identified as Bacillus licheniformis. In this study, two genetic markers are presented based on fenC and fenD from the fengycin operon of B. paralicheniformis to rapidly distinguish it from B. licheniformis. The fengycin operon is one of the few present in B. paralicheniformis but absent in B. lichenformis up to date. Using these markers, two presumptive B. paralicheniformis isolates each were recovered from a set of isolates previously identified as B. licheniformis by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) or identified only to genus level as Bacillus by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, respectively. Whole genome sequencing of the four isolates confirmed their identity as B. paralicheniformis having the closest similarity with B. paralicheniformis ATCC 9945a (GenBank: CP005965.1) with a 7,682 k-mer score and 97.22% Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). ANI of 100% suggests that the four isolates are highly similar. Further analysis will be necessary to determine if finer differences exist among these isolates at the level of single nucleotide polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke M Olajide
- CRIFS, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Shu Chen
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- CRIFS, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, ON, Canada
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12
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Wang B, Liu C, Yang X, Wang Y, Zhang F, Cheng H, Zhang L, Liu H. Genomics-guided isolation and identification of active secondary metabolites of Bacillus velezensis BA-26. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1934540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Main Crops Disease of Microbial Control Engineering Technology Research Center in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuemiao Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yana Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Main Crops Disease of Microbial Control Engineering Technology Research Center in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Feiyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Main Crops Disease of Microbial Control Engineering Technology Research Center in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huicai Cheng
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Main Crops Disease of Microbial Control Engineering Technology Research Center in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Main Crops Disease of Microbial Control Engineering Technology Research Center in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Main Crops Disease of Microbial Control Engineering Technology Research Center in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
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13
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Alonzo DA, Schmeing TM. Biosynthesis of depsipeptides, or Depsi: The peptides with varied generations. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2316-2347. [PMID: 33073901 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depsipeptides are compounds that contain both ester bonds and amide bonds. Important natural product depsipeptides include the piscicide antimycin, the K+ ionophores cereulide and valinomycin, the anticancer agent cryptophycin, and the antimicrobial kutzneride. Furthermore, database searches return hundreds of uncharacterized systems likely to produce novel depsipeptides. These compounds are made by specialized nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). NRPSs are biosynthetic megaenzymes that use a module architecture and multi-step catalytic cycle to assemble monomer substrates into peptides, or in the case of specialized depsipeptide synthetases, depsipeptides. Two NRPS domains, the condensation domain and the thioesterase domain, catalyze ester bond formation, and ester bonds are introduced into depsipeptides in several different ways. The two most common occur during cyclization, in a reaction between a hydroxy-containing side chain and the C-terminal amino acid residue in a peptide intermediate, and during incorporation into the growing peptide chain of an α-hydroxy acyl moiety, recruited either by direct selection of an α-hydroxy acid substrate or by selection of an α-keto acid substrate that is reduced in situ. In this article, we discuss how and when these esters are introduced during depsipeptide synthesis, survey notable depsipeptide synthetases, and review insight into bacterial depsipeptide synthetases recently gained from structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Alonzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Adebayo-Tayo BC, EKUNDAYO-OBABA O, FALODUN OI. Antimicrobial Potential of Bioactive Metabolites and Silver Nanoparticles from Bacillus spp. and of Some Antibiotics Against Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:511-522. [PMID: 33177932 PMCID: PMC7650738 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.46548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms and their metabolites is of increasing interest because they are potential producers of biocompatible and environmental friendly nanoparticles. Their nanoparticles can serve as potent alternatives to antibiotics against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The antibacterial potential of Bacillus spp. metabolites, their silver nanoparticles (SNPs), and some antibiotics against MDR Salmonella spp. was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial potential of metabolites and SNPs biosynthesized from Bacillus spp. was characterized, the effect of physicochemical parameters on SNP biosynthesis, the antimicrobial activity of the SNPs, and combination of SNPs and antibiotics against MDR Salmonella strains were evaluated. RESULTS The bioactive metabolites of the Bacillus spp. exhibited varied antimicrobial potential against the tested MDR Salmonella spp. The metabolites were able to bioreduce silver nitrate (AgNO3) to Ag+ for SNP biosynthesis. Change in color from whitish to darkish brown and a surface plasma resonance peak of 600-800 nm were observed. The SNPs were aggregated, rods, and crystalline in shape and their sizes were 15 μm, 16 μm, and 13 μm. Carboxylic acid, amino acid, alcohol, esters, and aldehydes were the functional groups found in the biosynthesized SNPs. The antibacterial activity of BAC1-SNPs, BAC7-SNPs, and BAC20-SNPs against MDR Staphylococcus aureus 9 (MDRSA9) and MDRSA18 was 6.0-22 mm and 11-20 mm. SNPs biosynthesized at pH 7 and 10 mM AgNO3 had the highest antagonistic activity. Combination of SNPs and antibiotics exhibited the best antagonistic potential. CONCLUSION The metabolites and SNPs from Bacillus spp. exhibited antagonistic effects against MDR Salmonella spp. The combined SNPs and antibiotics had better antimicrobial activity.
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15
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Moreira SM, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Santanta MF, Huws SA, Creevey CJ, Mantovani HC. Genomic and gene expression evidence of nonribosomal peptide and polyketide production among ruminal bacteria: a potential role in niche colonization? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5673486. [PMID: 31825517 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed to investigate nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and polyketide synthases (PKS) in 310 genomes of ruminal/fecal microorganisms. A total of 119 biosynthetic genes potentially encoding distinct nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and polyketides (PKs) were predicted in the ruminal microbial genomes and functional annotation separated these genes into 19 functional categories. The phylogenetic reconstruction of the 16S rRNA sequences coupled to the distribution of the three 'backbone' genes involved in NRPS and PKS biosyntheses suggested that these genes were not acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Metatranscriptomic analyses revealed that the predominant genes involved in the synthesis of NRPs and PKs were more abundant in sheep rumen datasets. Reads mapping to the NRPS and PKS biosynthetic genes were represented in the active ruminal microbial community, with transcripts being highly expressed in the bacterial community attached to perennial ryegrass, and following the main changes occurring between primary and secondary colonization of the forage incubated with ruminal fluid. This study is the first comprehensive characterization demonstrating the rich genetic capacity for NRPS and PKS biosyntheses within rumen bacterial genomes, which highlights the potential functional roles of secondary metabolites in the rumen ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Magalhães Moreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa-MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Ferreira Santanta
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa-MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Sharon A Huws
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast,University Rd, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast,University Rd, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Hilário C Mantovani
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa-MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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16
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Mülner P, Schwarz E, Dietel K, Junge H, Herfort S, Weydmann M, Lasch P, Cernava T, Berg G, Vater J. Profiling for Bioactive Peptides and Volatiles of Plant Growth Promoting Strains of the Bacillus subtilis Complex of Industrial Relevance. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1432. [PMID: 32695084 PMCID: PMC7338577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria attain increasing importance in agriculture as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. These properties significantly depend on the formation of bioactive compounds produced by such organisms. In our work we investigated the biosynthetic potential of 13 industrially important strains of the Bacillus subtilis complex by mass spectrometric methodology. Typing of these organisms was performed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry followed by comprehensive profiling of their bioactive peptide products. Volatiles were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Representative products of the members of the B. subtilis complex investigated in detail were: the surfactin familiy (surfactins, lichenysins, pumilacidins); the iturin family (iturins, mycosubtilins and bacillomycins); plantazolicin and the dual lantibiotics lichenicidins, as well as a wide spectrum of volatiles, such as hydrocarbons (alkanes/alkenes), alcohols, ketones, sulfur-containing compounds and pyrazines. The subcomplexes of the B. subtilis organizational unit; (a) B. subtilis/Bacillus atrophaeus; (b) B. amyloliquefaciens/B. velezensis; (c) B. licheniformis, and (d) B. pumilus are equipped with specific sets of these compounds which are the basis for the evaluation of their biotechnological and agricultural usage. The 13 test strains were evaluated in field trials for growth promotion of potato and maize plants. All of the implemented strains showed efficient growth stimulation of these plants. The highest effects were obtained with B. velezensis, B. subtilis, and B. atrophaeus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Mülner
- ABiTEP GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Stefanie Herfort
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Weydmann
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim Vater
- ABiTEP GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ZBS6: Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Abstract
A polar head and an apolar tail chemically characterize surfactants, they show different properties and are categorized by different factors such as head charge and molecular weight. They work by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases to facilitate the formation of one homogeneous mixture. In this respect, they represent unavoidable ingredients, their main application is in the production of detergents, one of if not the most important categories of cosmetics. Their role is very important, it should be remembered that it was precisely soaps and hygiene that defeated the main infectious diseases at the beginning of the last century. Due to their positive environmental impact, the potential uses of microbial sourced surfactants are actively investigated. These compounds are produced with different mechanisms by microorganisms in the aims to defend themselves from external threats, to improve the mobility in the environment, etc. In the cosmetic field, biosurfactants, restricted in the present work to those described above, can carry high advantages, in comparison to traditional surfactants, especially in the field of sustainable and safer approaches. Besiede this, costs still remain an obsatcle to their diffusion; in this regard, exploration of possible multifunctional actions could help to contain application costs. To highlight their features and possible multifunctional role, on the light of specific biological profiles yet underestimated, we have approached the present review work.
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18
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Dunlap CA, Bowman MJ, Zeigler DR. Promotion of Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii and Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris to species status. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:1-12. [PMID: 31721032 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis currently encompasses four subspecies, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii and Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris. Several studies based on genomic comparisons have suggested these subspecies should be promoted to species status. Previously, one of the main reasons for leaving them as subspecies was the lack of distinguishing phenotypes. In this study, we used comparative genomics to determine the genes unique to each subspecies and used these to lead us to the unique phenotypes. The results show that one difference among the subspecies is they produce different bioactive secondary metabolites. B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii is shown conserve the genes to produce mycosubtilin, bacillaene and 3,3'-neotrehalosadiamine. B. subtilis subsp. inaquosorum is shown conserve the genes to produce bacillomycin F, fengycin and an unknown PKS/NRPS cluster. B. subtilis subsp. stercoris is shown conserve the genes to produce fengycin and an unknown PKS/NRPS cluster. While B. subtilis subsp. subtilis is shown to conserve the genes to produce 3,3'-neotrehalosadiamine. In addition, we update the chemotaxonomy and phenotyping to support their promotion to species status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL, USA.
| | - Michael J Bowman
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Daniel R Zeigler
- Bacillus Genetic Stock Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Suppression of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the Induction of Systemic Resistance and Regulation of Antioxidant Pathways in Tomato Using Fengycin Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100613. [PMID: 31623124 PMCID: PMC6843208 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides from Bacillus species exhibit promising biological control activity against plant pathogens. This study aimed to explore the potential of purified fengycin to induce systemic resistance in tomato against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, its mutant AK1S, and their corresponding metabolites showed in vitro inhibition of S. sclerotiorum mycelium. Fengycin derived from an AK1S mutant was purified and identified through HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed structural deformities in the fungal mycelium. Moreover, fengycin induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. sclerotiorum mycelium and downregulated the expression of ROS-scavenging genes viz., superoxide dismutase (SsSOD1), peroxidase (SsPO), and catalase (SsCAT1) compared to the untreated control. Furthermore, the lesion size was dramatically reduced in fengycin-treated tomato plants compared to plants infected with S. sclerotiorum only in a greenhouse experiment. Additionally, the transcriptional regulation of defense-related genes GST, SOD, PAL, HMGR, and MPK3 showed the highest upsurge in expression at 48 h post-inoculation (hpi). However, their expression was subsequently decreased at 96 hpi in fengycin + S. sclerotiorum treatment compared to the plants treated with fengycin only. Conversely, the expression of PPO increased in a linear manner up to 96 hpi.
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20
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Kaspar F, Neubauer P, Gimpel M. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Bacillus subtilis: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2038-2053. [PMID: 31287310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is widely underappreciated for its inherent biosynthetic potential. This report comprehensively summarizes the known bioactive secondary metabolites from B. subtilis and highlights potential applications as plant pathogen control agents, drugs, and biosurfactants. B. subtilis is well known for the production of cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting strong surfactant and antimicrobial activities, such as surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Several polyketide-derived macrolides as well as nonribosomal peptides, dihydroisocoumarins, and linear lipopeptides with antimicrobial properties have been reported, demonstrating the biosynthetic arsenal of this bacterium. Promising efforts toward the application of B. subtilis strains and their natural products in areas of agriculture and medicine are underway. However, industrial-scale availability of these compounds is currently limited by low fermentation yields and challenging accessibility via synthesis, necessitating the development of genetically engineered strains and optimized cultivation processes. We hope that this review will attract renewed interest in this often-overlooked bacterium and its impressive biosynthetic skill set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kaspar
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
| | - Matthias Gimpel
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
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21
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Marine Biosurfactants: Biosynthesis, Structural Diversity and Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070408. [PMID: 31323998 PMCID: PMC6669457 DOI: 10.3390/md17070408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms. Marine bacteria have recently emerged as a rich source for these natural products which exhibit surface-active properties, making them useful for diverse applications such as detergents, wetting and foaming agents, solubilisers, emulsifiers and dispersants. Although precise structural data are often lacking, the already available information deduced from biochemical analyses and genome sequences of marine microbes indicates a high structural diversity including a broad spectrum of fatty acid derivatives, lipoamino acids, lipopeptides and glycolipids. This review aims to summarise biosyntheses and structures with an emphasis on low molecular weight biosurfactants produced by marine microorganisms and describes various biotechnological applications with special emphasis on their role in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated environments. Furthermore, novel exploitation strategies are suggested in an attempt to extend the existing biosurfactant portfolio.
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22
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Ashu EE, Xu J, Yuan ZC. Bacteria in Cancer Therapeutics: A Framework for Effective Therapeutic Bacterial Screening and Identification. J Cancer 2019; 10:1781-1793. [PMID: 31205534 PMCID: PMC6547982 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
By 2030, the global incidence of cancer is expected to increase by approximately 50%. However, most conventional therapies still lack cancer selectivity, which can have severe unintended side effects on healthy body tissue. Despite being an unconventional and contentious therapy, the last two decades have seen a significant renaissance of bacterium-mediated cancer therapy (BMCT). Although promising, most present-day therapeutic bacterial candidates have not shown satisfactory efficacy, effectiveness, or safety. Furthermore, therapeutic bacterial candidates are available to only a few of the approximately 200 existing cancer types. Excitingly, the recent surge in BMCT has piqued the interest of non-BMCT microbiologists. To help advance these interests, in this paper we reviewed important aspects of cancer, present-day cancer treatments, and historical aspects of BMCT. Here, we provided a four-step framework that can be used in screening and identifying bacteria with cancer therapeutic potential, including those that are uncultivable. Systematic methodologies such as the ones suggested here could prove valuable to new BMCT researchers, including experienced non-BMCT researchers in possession of extensive knowledge and resources of bacterial genomics. Lastly, our analyses highlight the need to establish and standardize quantitative methods that can be used to identify and compare bacteria with important cancer therapeutic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eta E Ashu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Du Y, Ma J, Yin Z, Liu K, Yao G, Xu W, Fan L, Du B, Ding Y, Wang C. Comparative genomic analysis of Bacillus paralicheniformis MDJK30 with its closely related species reveals an evolutionary relationship between B. paralicheniformis and B. licheniformis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:283. [PMID: 30975079 PMCID: PMC6458615 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the genus Bacillus are important plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that serve as biocontrol agents. Bacillus paralicheniformis MDJK30 is a PGPR isolated from the peony rhizosphere and can suppress plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. To further uncover the genetic mechanism of the plant growth-promoting traits of MDJK30 and its closely related strains, we used comparative genomics to provide insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship between B. paralicheniformis and B. licheniformis. Results A comparative genomics analysis based on B. paralicheniformis MDJK30 and 55 other previously reported Bacillus strains was performed. The evolutionary position of MDJK30 and the evolutionary relationship between B. paralicheniformis and B. licheniformis were evaluated by studying the phylogeny of the core genomes, a population structure analysis and ANI results. Comparative genomic analysis revealed various features of B. paralicheniformis that contribute to its commensal lifestyle in the rhizosphere, including an opening pan genome, a diversity of transport and the metabolism of the carbohydrates and amino acids. There are notable differences in the numbers and locations of the insertion sequences, prophages, genomic islands and secondary metabolic synthase operons between B. paralicheniformis and B. licheniformis. In particular, we found most gene clusters of Fengycin, Bacitracin and Lantipeptide were only present in B. paralicheniformis and were obtained by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and these clusters may be used as genetic markers for distinguishing B. paralicheniformis and B. licheniformis. Conclusions This study reveals that MDJK30 and the other strains of lineage paralicheniformis present plant growth-promoting traits at the genetic level and can be developed and commercially formulated in agriculture as PGPR. Core genome phylogenies and population structure analysis has proven to be a powerful tool for differentiating B. paralicheniformis and B. licheniformis. Comparative genomic analyses illustrate the genetic differences between the paralicheniformis-licheniformis group with respect to rhizosphere adaptation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5646-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Ma
- College of Life Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources / Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources / Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Yao
- College of Life Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources / Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Linshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Linshu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources / Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Ding
- College of Life Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources / Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources / Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
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In Silico Discovery of Novel Ligands for Antimicrobial Lipopeptides for Computer-Aided Drug Design. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:129-141. [PMID: 29218506 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens has created havoc worldwide. These antibiotic-resistant pathogens require potent drugs for their inhibition. Lipopeptides, which are produced as secondary metabolites by many microorganisms, have the ability to act as potent safe drugs. Lipopeptides are amphiphilic molecules containing a lipid chain bound to the peptide. They exhibit broad-spectrum activities against both bacteria and fungi. Other than their antimicrobial properties, they have displayed anti-cancer properties as well, but their mechanism of action is not understood. In silico drug design uses computer simulation to discover and develop new drugs. This technique reduces the need of expensive and tedious lab work and clinical trials, but this method becomes a challenge due to complex structures of lipopeptides. Specific agonists (ligands) must be identified to initiate a physiological response when combined with a receptor (lipopeptide). In silico drug design and homology modeling talks about the interaction between ligands and the binding sites. This review summarizes the mechanism of selected lipopeptides, their respective ligands, and in silico drug design.
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Pramudito TE, Agustina D, Nguyen TKN, Suwanto A. A Novel Variant of Narrow-Spectrum Antifungal Bacterial Lipopeptides That Strongly Inhibit Ganoderma boninense. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:110-117. [PMID: 29101528 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial antifungal cyclic lipopeptides (ACLs) have become a promising alternative to synthetic fungicide to control pathogenic fungi. Bacillus sp. is known to produce three families of ACL, namely iturin, surfactin, and fengycin. In this paper, we characterized the ACLs produced by B. methylotrophicus HC51 (referred as HC51) mainly regarding its composition and effectivity against fungal plant pathogen. HC51 culture was tested against various pathogenic fungi and the ACLs were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. HC51 showed strong antifungal activity against the plant pathogens Ganoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. Cell-free methanol extract of HC51 contains iturin A and various variants of fengycin. C16 fengycin A was present in four fractions which indicates it as a major component of ACL from HC51. Five variants of fengycin were detected, four of which had been previously reported. We found a novel C17 fengycin F that is characterized by a substitution of L-ornithine into lysine. Considering that L-ornithine is an important building block of fengycin, this substitution suggests the possibility of an alternative pathway for fengycin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodorus Eko Pramudito
- Biotechnology Research and Development, PT Wilmar Benih Indonesia, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, 17530, Indonesia
| | - Delia Agustina
- Biotechnology Research and Development, PT Wilmar Benih Indonesia, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, 17530, Indonesia
| | | | - Antonius Suwanto
- Biotechnology Research and Development, PT Wilmar Benih Indonesia, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, 17530, Indonesia.
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Gao L, Guo J, Fan Y, Ma Z, Lu Z, Zhang C, Zhao H, Bie X. Module and individual domain deletions of NRPS to produce plipastatin derivatives in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:84. [PMID: 29855381 PMCID: PMC5984369 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plipastatin, an antifungal lipopeptide, is synthesized by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) in Bacillus subtilis. However, little information is available on the combinatorial biosynthesis strategies applied in plipastatin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we applied module or individual domain deletion strategies to engineer the plipastatin biosynthetic pathway, and investigated the effect of deletions on the plipastatin assembly line, as well as revealed the synthetic patterns of novel lipopeptides. Results Module deletion inactivated the entire enzyme complex, whereas individual domain (A/T domain) deletion within module 7 truncated the assembly line, resulting in truncated linear hexapeptides (C16~17β-OHFA-Glu-Orn-Tyr-Thr-Glu-Ala/Val). Interestingly, within the module 6 catalytic unit, the effect of thiolation domain deletion differed from that of adenylation deletion. Absence of the T6-domain resulted in a nonproductive strain, whereas deletion of the A6-domain resulted in multiple assembly lines via module-skipping mechanism, generating three novel types of plipastatin derivatives, pentapeptides (C16~17β-OHFA-Glu-Orn-Tyr-Thr-Glu), hexapeptides (C16~17β-OHFA-Glu-Orn-Tyr-Thr-Glu-Ile), and octapeptides (C16~17β-OHFA-Glu-Orn-Tyr-Thr-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Ile). Conclusions Notably, a unique module-skipping process occurred following deletion of the A6-domain, which has not been previously reported for engineered NRPS systems. This finding provides new insight into the lipopeptides engineering. It is of significant importance for combinatorial approaches and should be taken into consideration in engineering non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic pathways for generating novel lipopeptides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0929-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Differential proteomics research of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its genome-shuffled saltant for improving fengycin production. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:166-177. [PMID: 29898867 PMCID: PMC6328713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the previous study, we used genome shuffling to improve fengycin production of the original strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2-4. After two rounds of genome shuffling, a high-yield recombinant FMB72 strain that exhibited 8.30-fold increase in fengycin production was obtained. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis of the parental ES-2-4 and genome-shuffled FMB72 strains was conducted to examine the differentially expressed proteins. In the shuffled strain FMB72, 50 differently expressed spots (p<0.05) were selected to be excised and analyzed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, and finally 44 protein spots were confidently identified according to NCBI database. According to clusters of orthologous groups (COG) functional category analysis and related references, the differentially expressed proteins could be classified into several functional categories, including proteins involved in metabolism, energy generation and conversion, DNA replication, transcription, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, cell motility and secretion, signal transduction mechanisms, general function prediction. Of the 44 identified proteins, signaling proteins ComA and Spo0A may positively regulate fengycin synthesis at transcriptional level. Taken together, the present study will be informative for exploring the exact roles of ComA and Spo0A in fengycin synthesis and explaining the molecular mechanism of fengycin synthesis.
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Yaseen Y, Diop A, Gancel F, Béchet M, Jacques P, Drider D. Polynucleotide phosphorylase is involved in the control of lipopeptide fengycin production in Bacillus subtilis. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:783-791. [PMID: 29423562 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a wealth source of lipopeptide molecules such as iturins, surfactins and fengycins or plipastatins endowed with a range of biological activities. These molecules, designated secondary metabolites, are synthesized via non-ribosomal peptides synthesis (NRPS) machinery and are most often subjected to a complex regulation with involvement of several regulatory factors. To gain novel insights on mechanism regulating fengycin production, we investigated the effect of the fascinating polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), as well as the effect of lipopeptide surfactin. Compared to the wild type, the production of fengycin in the mutant strains B. subtilis BBG235 and BBG236 altered for PNPase has not only decreased to about 70 and 40%, respectively, but also hampered its antifungal activity towards the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, mutant strains BBG231 (srfAA-) and BBG232 (srfAC-) displayed different levels of fengycin production. BBG231 had registered an important decrease in fengycin production, comparable to that observed for BBG235 or BBG236. This study permitted to establish that the products of pnpA gene (PNPase), and srfAA- (surfactin synthetase) are involved in fengycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazen Yaseen
- Université de Lille, INRA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Awa Diop
- Université de Lille, INRA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Gancel
- Université de Lille, INRA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Max Béchet
- Université de Lille, INRA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Jacques
- Université de Lille, INRA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université de Lille, INRA, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Jeong MH, Lee YS, Cho JY, Ahn YS, Moon JH, Hyun HN, Cha GS, Kim KY. Isolation and characterization of metabolites from Bacillus licheniformis MH48 with antifungal activity against plant pathogens. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:645-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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González-Jaramillo LM, Aranda FJ, Teruel JA, Villegas-Escobar V, Ortiz A. Antimycotic activity of fengycin C biosurfactant and its interaction with phosphatidylcholine model membranes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Yaseen Y, Gancel F, Béchet M, Drider D, Jacques P. Study of the correlation between fengycin promoter expression and its production by Bacillus subtilis under different culture conditions and the impact on surfactin production. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1371-1382. [PMID: 28735377 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to rely expression of the fengycin promoter to fengycin production under different culture conditions. To this end, Bacillus subtilis BBG208, derived from BBG21, which is a fengycin overproducing strain carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of fengycin promoter, was used to assess the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on surfactin and fengycin production and the fengycin promoter expression. The data showed that some carbon sources oriented synthesis of one family of lipopeptides, while most of the nitrogen sources allowed high co-production of fengycin and surfactin. High expressions of promoter Pfen and fengycin synthesis were obtained with urea or urea + ammonium mixture as nitrogen source and mannitol as carbon source. Moreover, temperature, pH and oxygenation influenced their biosynthesis based on the nutrition conditions. Optimization of the production medium increased the fengycin production to 768 mg L-1, which is the highest level reported for this strain. This study defines the suitable nutrient conditions allowing as well the highest expression of the fengycin promoter and portrays the conditions relying on the fengycin and surfactin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazen Yaseen
- Charles Viollette Institute, University Lille 1, Sciences and Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Terra Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, B-5030, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédérique Gancel
- Charles Viollette Institute, University Lille 1, Sciences and Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Terra Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, B-5030, Liège, Belgium
| | - Max Béchet
- Charles Viollette Institute, University Lille 1, Sciences and Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Terra Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, B-5030, Liège, Belgium
| | - Djamel Drider
- Charles Viollette Institute, University Lille 1, Sciences and Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,Terra Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, B-5030, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Jacques
- Charles Viollette Institute, University Lille 1, Sciences and Technologies, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. .,Terra Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, B-5030, Liège, Belgium.
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Lemanceau P, Blouin M, Muller D, Moënne-Loccoz Y. Let the Core Microbiota Be Functional. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:583-595. [PMID: 28549621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The microbial community that is systematically associated with a given host plant is called the core microbiota. The definition of the core microbiota was so far based on its taxonomic composition, but we argue that it should also be based on its functions. This so-called functional core microbiota encompasses microbial vehicles carrying replicators (genes) with essential functions for holobiont (i.e., plant plus microbiota) fitness. It builds up from enhanced horizontal transfers of replicators as well as from ecological enrichment of their vehicles. The transmission pathways of this functional core microbiota vary over plant generations according to environmental constraints and its added value for holobiont fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lemanceau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Manuel Blouin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Muller
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Gao L, Han J, Liu H, Qu X, Lu Z, Bie X. Plipastatin and surfactin coproduction by Bacillus subtilis pB2-L and their effects on microorganisms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1007-1018. [PMID: 28477175 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To convert the lipopeptide non-producer strain Bacillus subtilis pB2 into a plipastatin and surfactin coproducer, a gene expression cassette composed of a constitutive promoter (P43), functional gene sfp, and pleiotropic regulatory gene degQ was integrated into the chromosomal amyE locus of strain B. subtilis pB2 by homologous recombination, which generated a plipastatin and surfactin co-producer. Thirteen plipastatins and fifteen surfactins were identified in lipopeptide extracts using analytical techniques, and their effects on microorganisms were described by microscopic, cytoskeleton analysis and flow-cytometry, respectively. Plipastatins isolated from the engineered strain pB2-L exhibited strong antifungal activity (MIC 16 μg ml-1) by disrupting the cell walls, membranes and cytoskeleton of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum hyphae. Surfactins affected the cell membrane of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 20 μg ml-1), resulting in nucleic acid leakage and ultimately, cell death. Based on the convenience of genetic manipulation in the engineering strain, this work could be useful for the rational design of lipopeptide synthetases via the recombination of gene fragments to generate arrays of peptide derivatives and thus expand the diversity of microbial-produced lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Hutchinson JA, Burholt S, Hamley IW. Peptide hormones and lipopeptides: from self-assembly to therapeutic applications. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:82-94. [PMID: 28127868 PMCID: PMC5324658 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the properties and activities of lipopeptides and peptide hormones and how the lipidation of peptide hormones could potentially produce therapeutic agents combating some of the most prevalent diseases and conditions. The self‐assembly of these types of molecules is outlined, and how this can impact on bioactivity. Peptide hormones specific to the uptake of food and produced in the gastrointestinal tract are discussed in detail. The advantages of lipidated peptide hormones over natural peptide hormones are summarised, in terms of stability and renal clearance, with potential application as therapeutic agents. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hutchinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - S Burholt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - I W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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Translocation of the thioesterase domain for the redesign of plipastatin synthetase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38467. [PMID: 28009004 PMCID: PMC5180189 DOI: 10.1038/srep38467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are large enzymatic complexes that catalyse the synthesis of biologically active peptides in microorganisms. Genetic engineering has recently been applied to reprogram NRPSs to produce lipopeptides with a new sequence. The carboxyl-terminal thioesterase (TE) domains from NRPSs catalyse cleavage products by hydrolysis or complex macrocyclization. In this study, we modified plipastatin synthetase by moving the intrinsic TE region to the end of the internal thiolation (T) domains, thus generating Bacillus subtilis strains that could produce new truncated cyclic or linear peptides of the predicted sequence, which further provided an important insight into the regioselectivity of plipastatin TE. The TE was capable of recognizing and catalysing the lactone formation between L-Try3 with the last few residues L-Pro7 and L-Gln8 at the C-terminus. Additionally, the unmatched linkers connecting the TE region and T domain resulted in nonproduction strains, suggesting that the native T–TE linker is necessary and sufficient for the TE domain to release the products from the hybrid enzymes. This is the first report to demonstrate truncated cyclic lipopeptides production and module skipping by simply moving the TE domain forward in an NRPS system.
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Jasim B, Sreelakshmi S, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Identification of endophytic Bacillus mojavensis with highly specialized broad spectrum antibacterial activity. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:187. [PMID: 28330259 PMCID: PMC5009053 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthetic adaptation of endophytic bacteria to chemically support host plant is very remarkable. Hence these organisms from medicinal plants are considered as highly valuable sources for natural products with diverse bioactivity. Their metabolite diversity and biosynthetic versatility have been increasingly explored for drug discovery. In this study, an endophytic Bacillus mojavensis with broad spectrum antibacterial properties has been analyzed for the chemical basis of its activity. By LC-MS/MS the organism was identified to have the biosynthetic ability to produce lipopeptides surfactin and fengycin. The impressive antibacterial activity of B. mojavensis as reported in the study indicates its broad antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jasim
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - S Sreelakshmi
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India.
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India.
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Alajlani M, Shiekh A, Hasnain S, Brantner A. Purification of Bioactive Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus subtilis Strain BIA. Chromatographia 2016; 79:1527-1532. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
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Alajlani M, Shiekh A, Hasnain S, Brantner A. Purification of Bioactive Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus subtilis Strain BIA. Chromatographia 2016; 79:1527-1532. [PMID: 27867207 PMCID: PMC5088217 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis strain BIA was used for the production of bioactive lipopeptides. Different extraction and purification
methods were assayed as liquid–liquid extraction, and acid and ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by TLC, SPE, and gel filtration. Active fractions were further purified using RP-HPLC. The molecular mass of the purified product from HPLC was determined through Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE and MALDI–TOF-MS. The results revealed that Bacillus subtilis strain BIA produced surfactin and iturin like compounds. Coproduction of surfactin and iturin like compounds by this strain is a remarkable trait for a potential biocontrol agent. This paper also includeds techniques that have been developed for the optimal and convenient extraction of bioactive lipopeptides from microbial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaaz Alajlani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Abid Shiekh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan ; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adelheid Brantner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Jasim B, Sreelakshmi KS, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Surfactin, Iturin, and Fengycin Biosynthesis by Endophytic Bacillus sp. from Bacopa monnieri. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:106-119. [PMID: 27021396 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms which are ubiquitously present in plants may colonize intracellularly or intercellularly without causing any diseases. By living within the unique chemical environment of a host plant, they produce a vast array of compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Because of this, natural products of endophytic origin have been exploited for antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Also, they can be considered to function as an efficient microbial barrier to protect plants from various pathogens. In the present study, endophytic bacterium BmB 9 with antifungal and antibacterial activity isolated from the stem tissue of Bacopa monnieri was studied for the molecular and chemical basis of its activity. PCR-based genome mining for various biosynthetic gene clusters proved the presence of surfactin, iturin, and type I polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in the isolate. The LC-MS/MS based analysis of the extract further confirmed the production of surfactin derivatives (M + H(+)-1008.6602, 1022.6755), iturin (M + H(+)-1043.5697), and fengycin (M + H(+)-1491.8195, 1477.8055) by the selected bacterial isolate. The 16S rDNA sequence similarity based analysis identified the isolate BmB 9 as Bacillus sp. with 100 % identity to Bacillus sp. LCF1 (KP257289).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jasim
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - K S Sreelakshmi
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Clapppana, Kollam, Kerala, 690 525, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
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Nair D, Vanuopadath M, Nair BG, Pai JG, Nair SS. Identification and characterization of a library of surfactins and fengycins from a marine endophytic Bacillus sp. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1159-1172. [PMID: 27160506 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic bacterial strain from a marine green alga, Ulva lactuca, was isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The bacterial isolate was found to secrete two major families of cyclic depsilipopeptides, surfactins, and fengycins. Sequencing of the isolated lipopeptides was carried out using the MSn data obtained from an electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometer coupled to an HPLC system. The assigned sequences were confirmed by a chemical derivatization approach involving esterification followed by mass spectrometric analysis. Distinction of leucine residues from isoleucine was established through a combined electron transfer dissociation-collision-induced dissociation (ETD-CID) method. The fengycins described in this study were found to cause significant delay of growth of two plants, Vigna radiata (mung bean) and Oryza sativa (rice). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing identification and characterization of cyclic peptides from an endophytic Bacillus sp. isolated from marine algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O. Kollam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Bipin G Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana P.O. Kollam, Kerala, India
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Yaseen Y, Gancel F, Drider D, Béchet M, Jacques P. Influence of promoters on the production of fengycin in Bacillus spp. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:272-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao J, Zhang C, Lu J, Lu Z. Enhancement of fengycin production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by genome shuffling and relative gene expression analysis using RT-PCR. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:431-6. [PMID: 27035066 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genome shuffling is an efficient approach for the rapid engineering of microbial strains with desirable industrial phenotypes. In this study, we used genome shuffling in an attempt to improve fengycin production of the wild-type strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2-4. After 2 rounds of genome shuffling, a high-yield recombinant F2-72 (FMB72) strain that exhibited 8.30-fold increases in fengycin production was obtained. Comparative analysis of synthetase gene (fenA) expression was conducted between the initial and shuffled strains using fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR. Delta CT (threshold cycle) relative quantitation analysis revealed that fengycin synthetase gene (fenA) expression at the transcriptional level in the FMB72 strain was 12.77-fold greater than in the ES-2-4 wild type. The shuffled strain has a potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries. At the same time, the analysis of improved phenotypes will provide more valuable data for inverse metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhao
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Tianjing Road, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- b College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Leães FL, Velho RV, Caldas DGG, Ritter AC, Tsai SM, Brandelli A. Expression of essential genes for biosynthesis of antimicrobial peptides of Bacillus is modulated by inactivated cells of target microorganisms. Res Microbiol 2015; 167:83-9. [PMID: 26577655 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain Bacillus strains are important producers of antimicrobial peptides with great potential for biological control. Antimicrobial peptide production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens P11 was investigated in the presence of heat-inactivated cells of bacteria and fungi. B. amyloliquefaciens P11 exhibited higher antimicrobial activity in the presence of inactivated cells of Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus parasiticus compared to other conditions tested. Expression of essential genes related to biosynthesis of the antimicrobial peptides surfactin (sfp), iturin A (lpa-14 and ituD), subtilosin A (sboA) and fengycin (fenA) was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The genes lpa-14 and ituD were highly expressed in the presence of S. aureus (inactivated cells), indicating induction of iturin A production by B. amyloliquefaciens P11. The other inducing condition (inactivated cells of A. parasiticus) suppressed expression of lpa-14, but increased expression of ituD. A twofold increase in fenA expression was observed for both conditions, while strong suppression of sboA expression was observed in the presence of inactivated cells of S. aureus. An increase in antimicrobial activity was observed, indicating that synthesis of antimicrobial peptides may be induced by target microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leal Leães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, ICTA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Voltolini Velho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, ICTA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gregório Gomes Caldas
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ritter
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, ICTA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, ICTA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Wenzel M, Altenbuchner J. Development of a markerless gene deletion system for Bacillus subtilis based on the mannose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:1942-1949. [PMID: 26238998 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To optimize Bacillus subtilis as a production strain for proteins and low molecular substances by genome engineering, we developed a markerless gene deletion system. We took advantage of a general property of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), in particular the mannose PTS. Mannose is phosphorylated during uptake by its specific transporter (ManP) to mannose 6-phosphate, which is further converted to fructose 6-phosphate by the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (ManA). When ManA is missing, accumulation of the phosphorylated mannose inhibits cell growth. This system was constructed by deletion of manP and manA in B. subtilis Δ6, a 168 derivative strain with six large deletions of prophages and antibiotic biosynthesis genes. The manP gene was inserted into an Escherichia coli plasmid together with a spectinomycin resistance gene for selection in B. subtilis. To delete a specific region, its up- and downstream flanking sites (each of approximately 700 bp) were inserted into the vector. After transformation, integration of the plasmid into the chromosome of B. subtilis by single cross-over was selected by spectinomycin. In the second step, excision of the plasmid was selected by growth on mannose. Finally, excision and concomitant deletion of the target region were verified by colony PCR. In this way, all nine prophages, seven antibiotic biosynthesis gene clusters and two sigma factors for sporulation were deleted and the B. subtilis genome was reduced from 4215 to 3640 kb. Despite these extensive deletions, growth rate and cell morphology remained similar to the B. subtilis 168 parental strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Wenzel
- Institut für Industrielle Genetik, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Josef Altenbuchner
- Institut für Industrielle Genetik, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Guo S, Li X, He P, Ho H, Wu Y, He Y. Whole-genome sequencing of Bacillus subtilis XF-1 reveals mechanisms for biological control and multiple beneficial properties in plants. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:925-37. [PMID: 25860123 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 is a gram-positive, plant-associated bacterium that stimulates plant growth and produces secondary metabolites that suppress soil-borne plant pathogens. In particular, it is especially highly efficient at controlling the clubroot disease of cruciferous crops. Its 4,061,186-bp genome contains an estimated 3853 protein-coding sequences and the 1155 genes of XF-1 are present in most genome-sequenced Bacillus strains: 3757 genes in B. subtilis 168, and 1164 in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Analysis using the Cluster of Orthologous Groups database of proteins shows that 60 genes control bacterial mobility, 221 genes are related to cell wall and membrane biosynthesis, and more than 112 are genes associated with secondary metabolites. In addition, the genes contributed to the strain's plant colonization, bio-control and stimulation of plant growth. Sequencing of the genome is a fundamental step for developing a desired strain to serve as an efficient biological control agent and plant growth stimulator. Similar to other members of the taxon, XF-1 has a genome that contains giant gene clusters for the non-ribosomal synthesis of antifungal lipopeptides (surfactin and fengycin), the polyketides (macrolactin and bacillaene), the siderophore bacillibactin, and the dipeptide bacilysin. There are two synthesis pathways for volatile growth-promoting compounds. The expression of biosynthesized antibiotic peptides in XF-1 was revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Guo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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46
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47
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Isolation and identification of cyclic lipopeptides from Paenibacillus ehimensis, strain IB-X-b. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 973C:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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B. subtilis GS67 Protects C. elegans from Gram-Positive Pathogens via Fengycin-Mediated Microbial Antagonism. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2720-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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49
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Inverse metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for xylose utilization based on adaptive evolution and whole-genome sequencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:885-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Silva DSE, de Castro CC, Silva FDSE, Sant’anna V, Vargas GD, de Lima M, Fischer G, Brandelli A, da Motta ADS, Hübner SDO. Antiviral activity of a Bacillus sp. P34 peptide against pathogenic viruses of domestic animals. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:1089-94. [PMID: 25477947 PMCID: PMC4204951 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
P34 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by a Bacillus sp. strain isolated from the intestinal contents of a fish in the Brazilian Amazon basin with reported antibacterial activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the peptide P34 for its in vitro antiviral properties against canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine influenza virus (EIV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1). The results showed that the peptide P34 exhibited antiviral activity against EAV and FHV-1. The peptide P34 inhibited the replication of EAV by 99.9% and FHV-1 by 94.4%. Virucidal activity was detected only against EAV. When P34 and EAV were incubated for 6 h at 37 °C the viral titer reduced from 10(4.5) TCID50 to 10(2.75) TCID50, showing a percent of inhibition of 98.6%. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that P34 inhibited EAV and FHV-1 replication in infected cell cultures and it showed virucidal activity against EAV. Since there is documented resistance to the current drugs used against herpesviruses and there is no treatment for equine viral arteritis, it is advisable to search for new antiviral compounds to overcome these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Scopel e Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia AnimalFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Caetano de Castro
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia AnimalFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fábio da Silva e Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia AnimalFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Voltaire Sant’anna
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de AlimentosUniversidade Estadual do Rio Grande do SulEncantadoRSBrazilDepartamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Encantado, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto D’Avila Vargas
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia AnimalFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia AnimalFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia AnimalFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia AplicadaDepartamento de Ciência de AlimentosInstituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de AlimentosUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazilLaboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Souza da Motta
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeDepartamento de MicrobiologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazilInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Silvia de Oliveira Hübner
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia AnimalFaculdade de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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