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Rohith HS, Peddha MS, Halami PM. Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis MCC2514 and Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671 Regulates GATA3 and Foxp3 Expression in the Elevated Disease Condition. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:894-910. [PMID: 37195508 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis was evaluated using Bacillus licheniformis MCC 2514 (B. licheniformis) and Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671 (Bf. breve) as immune modulators. The study aims to analyze probiotic efficiency of ulcerative colitis induced by TNBS in Wistar rats. The tumor-like structure was found in the colon of TNBS inflammation-induced rats. Nitric oxide production was inhibited by about 65.2% fed with combination of bacteria and C-reactive protein, and decreased by 12% and 10.8% upon supplementing B. licheniformis and Bf. breve against the TNBS-treated rats, respectively. Liver damage was observed in the TNBS-treated rats; addition of probiotic bacteria reduced SGPT (75.4%) and SGOT (42.5%). On TNBS treatment, the transcriptional factor responsible for Th2 cell immune response (GATA3) was analyzed, and the elevation in gene expression (5.31-fold) was found. The FOXP-3 responsible for T-regulatory cells was expressed about 0.91-fold upon the treatment with a combination of bacteria. The expression of antioxidant genes such as iNOS (1.11-fold), GPx (1.29-fold), and PON1 (1.48-fold) has been increased when compared with that of the TNBS-treated group. The cytokines specific to Th2-driven immune response, such as IL-4, IL-5, and TNF-α, were reduced upon feeding the bacteria. It is observed that the B. licheniformis and Bf. breve used in the study have reduced Th2-driven immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Rohith
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthukumar Serva Peddha
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Prakash Motiram Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India.
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Zhou Y, Chen B, Fu Y, Wan C, Li H, Wang L, Huang X, Wu Z, Li G, Xiong L, Qin D. Cang-ai volatile oil alleviates nasal inflammation via Th1/Th2 cell imbalance regulation in a rat model of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1332036. [PMID: 38835658 PMCID: PMC11148258 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1332036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously revealed that Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO) regulates T-cell activity, enhancing the immune response in people with chronic respiratory diseases. However, the effects of CAVO on allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been investigated. Herein, we established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR rat model to determine these effects. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to OVA for 3 weeks. CAVO or loratadine (positive control) was given orally once daily for 2 weeks to OVA-exposed rats. Behavior modeling nasal allergies was observed. Nasal mucosa, serum, and spleen samples of AR rats were analyzed. CAVO treatment significantly reduced the number of nose rubs and sneezes, and ameliorated several hallmarks of nasal mucosa tissue remodeling: inflammation, eosinophilic infiltration, goblet cell metaplasia, and mast cell hyperplasia. CAVO administration markedly upregulated expressions of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12, and downregulated expressions of serum tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, immunoglobulin-E, and histamine. CAVO therapy also increased production of IFN-γ and T-helper type 1 (Th1)-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet) of the cluster of differentiation-4+ T-cells in splenic lymphocytes, and protein and mRNA expressions of T-bet in nasal mucosa. In contrast, levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA binding protein-3 were suppressed by CAVO. These cumulative findings demonstrate that CAVO therapy can alleviate AR by regulating the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Fu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chunping Wan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huayan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Li
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Hosoki K, Govindhan A, Knight JM, Sur S. Allosteric inhibition of CXCR1 and CXCR2 abrogates Th2/Th17-associated Allergic Lung Inflammation in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593638. [PMID: 38798651 PMCID: PMC11118468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background IL4, IL5, IL13, and IL17-producing CD4 T helper 2 (Th2)-cells and IL17-producing CD4 T helper 17 (Th17)-cells contribute to chronic eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma and allergic airway inflammation. Chemokines and their receptors are upregulated in Th2/Th17-mediated inflammation. However, the ability of CXCR1 and CXCR2 modulate Th2 and Th17-cell-mediated allergic lung inflammation has not been reported. Methods Mice sensitized and challenged with cat dander extract (CDE) mount a vigorous Th2-Th17-mediated allergic lung inflammation. Allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, ladarixin was orally administered in this model. The ability of ladarixin to modulate allergen-challenge induced recruitment of CXCR1 and CXCR2-expressing Th2 and Th17-cells and allergic lung inflammation were examined. Results Allergen challenge in sensitized mice increased mRNA expression levels of Il4, Il5, Il13, Il6, Il1β, Tgfβ1, Il17, Il23, Gata3, and Rorc , and induced allergic lung inflammation characterized by recruitment of CXCR1- and CXCR2-expressing Th2-cells, Th17-cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Allosteric inhibition of CXCR1 and CXCR2 vigorously blocked each of these pro-inflammatory effects of allergen challenge. CXCL chemokines induced a CXCR1 and CXCR2-dependent proliferation of IL4, IL5, IL13, and IL17 expressing T-cells. Conclusion Allosteric inhibition of CXCR1 and CXCR2 abrogates blocks recruitment of CXCR1- and CXCR2-expressing Th2-cells, Th17-cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in this mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. We suggest that the ability of allosteric inhibition of CXCR1 and CXCR2 to abrogate Th2 and Th17-mediated allergic inflammation should be investigated in humans.
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Huang J, Hu Y, Wang Y, Jin Z. Activation of Notch1-GATA3 pathway in asthma bronchial epithelial cells induced by acute PM2.5 exposure and the potential protective role of microRNA-139-5p. J Asthma 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38346176 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2316711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PM2.5 is closed linked to asthma exacerbation. The Notch1 pathway acts as an important pathway, ultimately inducing T-helper cells that express GATA3 and its corresponding Th2 cytokines. The regulatory effects of miR-139-5p on the Notch1 pathway have been indicated in cancer. However, studies on miR-139-5p have not applied asthma-related models. The role of miR-139-5p and its regulatory effects on the Notch1-GATA3 pathway in asthma exacerbation induced by acute PM2.5 exposure has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that acute PM2.5 exposure induces asthma exacerbation by regulating the expression of miR-139-5p and activating the Notch1-GATA3 pathway. METHODS We first employed Diseased Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells-Asthma cells to establish an in vitro model of acute exposure to PM2.5, and explored the relationship between the different concentrations and durations of acute PM2.5 exposure and the activation of Notch1-GATA3 pathway. We investigated the protein and mRNA expression changes of Notch1, upstream Jagged1, downstream GATA3, as well as the regulatory effect of miR-139-5p involved in it. RESULTS The miR-139-5p expression increased within 24 h of PM2.5 exposure. However, if PM2.5 exposure was sustained, miR-139-5p expression turned to decrease, accompanied by upregulations of the mRNA and protein expression of Notch1-GATA3 pathway. Overexpression of miR-139-5p blocked Notch1-GATA3 pathway activation induced by acute PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Acute PM2.5 exposure can activate Notch1-GATA3 pathway in asthma bronchial epithelial cells model, which might be involved in PM2.5-induced asthma exacerbation. miR-139-5p has a potential protective role of inhibiting PM2.5-induced asthma airway inflammation by targeting Notch1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pagovich OE, Crystal RG. Gene Therapy for Immunoglobulin E, Complement-Mediated, and Eosinophilic Disorders. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:986-1002. [PMID: 37672523 PMCID: PMC10616964 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E, complement, and eosinophils play an important role in host defense, but dysfunction of each of these components can lead to a variety of human disorders. In this review, we summarize how investigators have adapted gene therapy and antisense technology to modulate immunoglobulin E, complement, and/or eosinophil levels to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelya E. Pagovich
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Lu C, Wang F, Liu Q, Deng M, Yang X, Ma P. Effect of NO 2 exposure on airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131787. [PMID: 37295329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a widespread air pollutant. Epidemiological evidence indicates that NO2 is associated with an increase of incidence rate and mortality of asthma, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we exposed mice to NO2 (5 ppm, 4 h per day for 30 days) intermittently to investigate the development and potential toxicological mechanisms of allergic asthma. We randomly assigned 60 male Balb/c mice to four groups: saline control, ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, NO2 alone, and OVA+NO2 groups. The involved mechanisms were found from the perspective of airway inflammation and oxidative stress. The results showed that NO2 exposure could aggravate lung inflammation in asthmatic mice, and airway remodeling was characterized by significant thickening of the airway wall and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, NO2 would aggravate the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which is characterized by significantly elevated inspiratory resistance (Ri) and expiratory resistance (Re), as well as decreased dynamic lung compliance (Cldyn). In addition, NO2 exposure promoted pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and serum immunoglobulin (IgE) production. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cell differentiation (IL-4 increased, IFN-γ reduced, IL-4/IFN-γ significantly increased) played a key role in the inflammatory response of asthma under NO2 exposure. In a nutshell, NO2 exposure could promote allergic airway inflammation and increase asthma susceptibility. The levels of ROS and MDA among asthmatic mice exposed to NO2 increased significantly, while GSH levels sharply decreased. These findings may provide better toxicological evidence for the mechanisms of allergic asthma risk due to NO2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Faming Wang
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Qin Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Miaomiao Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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Liao W, Foo HYC, Tran TNQ, Chai CLL, Wong WSF. Calcaratarin D, a labdane diterpenoid, attenuates mouse asthma via modulating alveolar macrophage function. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1056-1071. [PMID: 36440573 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alveolar macrophages (AMs) contribute to airway inflammation and remodelling in allergic asthma. Calcaratarin D (CalD), a labdane diterpenoid from rhizomes of the medicinal plant Alpinia calcarata, has recently been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study evaluated protective effects of CalD in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma mouse model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of CalD on AMs in contributing to anti-inflammatory effects in asthma were investigated through in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experiments. KEY RESULTS CalD reduced total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and differential cell count, serum IgE levels, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness in HDM-challenged mice. Additionally, CalD affected a wide array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and oxidative damage markers in isolated lung tissues. CalD suppressed the HDM-induced increase in Arg1 (M2 macrophage marker) in AMs from lung tissue and reduced lung polyamine levels. CalD weakened antigen presentation capability of AMs by reducing CD80 expression, reduced AM-derived CCL17 and CCL22 levels, and lessened Th2 cytokines from CD4+ T-cells from asthma lung digest. CalD blocked the HDM-induced FoxO1/IRF4 pathway and restored impaired the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway in lung tissues. CalD inhibited IL-4/IL-13-stimulated JAK1/STAT6 pathway, FoxO1 protein expression, and chemokine production in primary AMs. Structure-activity relationship study revealed the α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactone in CalD is capable of forming covalent bonds with cellular protein targets essential for its action. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that CalD is a novel anti-inflammatory natural compound for allergic asthma that modulates AM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hazel Yu Ci Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thi Ngoc Quy Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Christina Li Lin Chai
- Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Shiu Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
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Reiswich V, Schmidt CE, Lennartz M, Höflmayer D, Hube-Magg C, Weidemann S, Fraune C, Büscheck F, Möller K, Bernreuther C, Simon R, Clauditz TS, Blessin NC, Bady E, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Steurer S, Minner S, Burandt E, Dum D, Marx AH, Krech T, Lebok P, Hinsch A, Jacobsen F. GATA3 Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 16,557 Tumors. Pathobiology 2023; 90:219-232. [PMID: 36649695 PMCID: PMC10937041 DOI: 10.1159/000527382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA3 is a transcription factor involved in epithelial cell differentiation. GATA3 immunostaining is used as a diagnostic marker for breast and urothelial cancer but can also occur in other neoplasms. METHODS To evaluate GATA3 in normal and tumor tissues, a tissue microarray containing 16,557 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS GATA3 positivity was found in 69 different tumor types including 23 types (18%) with at least one strongly positive tumor. Highest positivity rates occurred in noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (92-99%), lobular carcinoma (98%), carcinoma of no special type of the breast (92%), basal cell carcinoma of the skin (97%), invasive urothelial carcinoma (73%), T-cell lymphoma (23%), adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland (16%), squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (16%), and colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (12%). In breast cancer, low GATA3 staining was linked to high pT stage (p = 0.03), high BRE grade (p < 0.0001), HER2 overexpression (p = 0.0085), estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity (p < 0.0001 each), and reduced survival (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that GATA3 positivity can occur in various tumor entities. Low levels of GATA3 reflect cancer progression and poor patient prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carol E. Schmidt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C. Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Bady
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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León B. Understanding the development of Th2 cell-driven allergic airway disease in early life. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1080153. [PMID: 36704753 PMCID: PMC9872036 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy, are caused by abnormal responses to relatively harmless foreign proteins called allergens found in pollen, fungal spores, house dust mites (HDM), animal dander, or certain foods. In particular, the activation of allergen-specific helper T cells towards a type 2 (Th2) phenotype during the first encounters with the allergen, also known as the sensitization phase, is the leading cause of the subsequent development of allergic disease. Infants and children are especially prone to developing Th2 cell responses after initial contact with allergens. But in addition, the rates of allergic sensitization and the development of allergic diseases among children are increasing in the industrialized world and have been associated with living in urban settings. Particularly for respiratory allergies, greater susceptibility to developing allergic Th2 cell responses has been shown in children living in urban environments containing low levels of microbial contaminants, principally bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], in the causative aeroallergens. This review highlights the current understanding of the factors that balance Th2 cell immunity to environmental allergens, with a particular focus on the determinants that program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) toward or away from a Th2 stimulatory function. In this context, it discusses transcription factor-guided functional specialization of type-2 cDCs (cDC2s) and how the integration of signals derived from the environment drives this process. In addition, it analyzes observational and mechanistic studies supporting an essential role for innate sensing of microbial-derived products contained in aeroallergens in modulating allergic Th2 cell immune responses. Finally, this review examines whether hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation, particularly to LPS, is a risk factor for the induction of Th2 cell responses and allergic sensitization during infancy and early childhood and the potential factors that may affect early-age response to LPS and other environmental microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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10
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Follistatin-Like 1 Induces the Activation of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells to Promote Airway Inflammation in Asthma. Inflammation 2021; 45:904-918. [PMID: 34757553 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease closely related to airway inflammation. It has been proven that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an essential role in airway inflammation in asthma. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) can participate in various inflammatory reactions mediated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, among others. Therefore, we put forward a new hypothesis: FSTL1 promotes asthmatic airway inflammation by activating ILC2. This study generated an ovalbumin-sensitized asthma model in C57BL/6 and Fstl1+/- mice. The results showed that the absolute number and the proportion of ILC2 in the ovalbumin-challenged Fstl1+/- group were lower than in the ovalbumin-challenged wild-type group. We also measured the levels of Th2-type cytokines in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice and found that the corresponding cytokines in the Fstl1+/- were lower than in the wild-type groups. Finally, we tested whether MEK-JAK-STAT-GATA3 is the specific pathway for FSTL1 to activate ILC2, and further tested our working hypothesis by adding various inhibitors of proteins from this pathway. Overall, these findings reveal that FSTL1 can activate ILC2 through MEK-JAK-STAT-GATA3 to promote airway inflammation and participate in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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11
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Camiolo MJ, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Gauthier M, Ray A. Immune responses and exacerbations in severe asthma. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:34-42. [PMID: 33773471 PMCID: PMC8460694 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma as a clinical entity manifests with a broad spectrum of disease severity. Unlike milder asthma, severe disease is poorly controlled by inhaled corticosteroids, the current standard of care. Transcriptomic data, along with patient characteristics and response to biologics show that though Type 2 (T2) immune response remains an integral feature of asthma, additional molecular and immunologic factors may play important roles in pathogenesis. Mechanisms of T2 development, cellular sources of T2 cytokines and their relationship to additional immune pathways concurrently activated may distinguish several different subphenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of asthma, with differential response to non-specific and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Recent data have also associated non-T2 cytokines derived from T cells, particularly IFN-γ, and epithelial mediators with severe asthma. These topics and their relationships to acute asthma exacerbations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Camiolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sagar L Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Gavitt TD, Hartmann AK, Sawant SS, Mara AB, Szczepanek SM, Rouge JL. A GATA3 Targeting Nucleic Acid Nanocapsule for In Vivo Gene Regulation in Asthma. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11192-11201. [PMID: 34157834 PMCID: PMC9200080 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is one of the leading chronic lung diseases of both children and adults worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. Many patients have severe asthma, which is refractory to treatment, illustrating the need for the development of new therapeutics for this disease. Herein, we describe the use of a peptide cross-linked nucleic acid nanocapsule (NAN) for the delivery of a GATA3-specific DNAzyme to immune cells, with demonstration of modulated transcriptional activity and behavior of those cells. The NAN, built from peptide cross-linked surfactants, is chemically designed to degrade under inflammation conditions releasing individual DNAzyme-surfactant conjugates in response to proteolytic enzymes. Using the NAN, GATA3 DNAzymes were delivered efficiently to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with clear evidence of uptake by CD4+ helper T cells without the need for harsh transfection agents. Knockdown of GATA3 was achieved in vitro using human Jurkat T cells, which express GATA3 under homeostatic conditions. Additionally, mice treated with DNAzyme-NANs during house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma developed less severe allergic lung inflammation than HDM-only control mice, as measured by pulmonary eosinophilia. This study suggests that peptide cross-linked GATA3 DNAzyme-NANs may have the potential to decrease the severity of asthma symptoms in human patients, and development of this technology for human use warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Gavitt
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alyssa K Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Shraddha S Sawant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Arlind B Mara
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Steven M Szczepanek
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jessica L Rouge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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13
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Lin CC, Law BF, Hettick JM. Acute 4,4'-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Exposure-Mediated Downregulation of miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p Activates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Transcription by Targeting Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling in Macrophages. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:100-113. [PMID: 31609387 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in the occupational setting may lead to development of occupational asthma (OA), and the underlying molecular mechanisms of MDI-induced disease pathogenesis remain an active area of research. Using a nose-only mouse inhalation model, we find that circulating microRNA (miR)-206-3p and miR-381-3p are downregulated after MDI exposure; however, cellular miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p responses after MDI aerosol exposure and their pathophysiological roles in MDI-OA are unknown. We hypothesize that miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p-regulated mechanisms cause increased expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after MDI aerosol exposure. We examined cellular miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p, calcineurins, nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATs), and iNOS levels from both nose-only exposed murine bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALCs) and differentiated THP-1 macrophages treated with MDI-glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Both in vivo murine MDI aerosol exposure and in vitro MDI-GSH exposures in THP-1 macrophages result in downregulation of endogenous miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p and upregulation of PPP3CA and iNOS expression. Transfection of THP-1 macrophages with miR-inhibitor-206-3p and miR-inhibitor-381-3p resulted in the upregulation of PPP3CA and iNOS. Using RNA-induced silencing complex immunoprecipitation and translational reporter assays, we verified that PPP3CA, but not iNOS, is directly targeted by both miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p. Downregulation of miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p following by MDI exposure induces calcineurin/NFAT signaling-mediated iNOS transcription in macrophages and BALCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chung Lin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brandon F Law
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Justin M Hettick
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
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14
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Yang CC, Yang CM. Chinese Herbs and Repurposing Old Drugs as Therapeutic Agents in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:657-687. [PMID: 33707963 PMCID: PMC7940992 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s293135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pro-inflammatory factors and proteins have been characterized that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, induced by oxidative stress, cytokines, bacterial toxins, and viruses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as secondary messengers and are products of normal cellular metabolism. Under physiological conditions, ROS protect cells against oxidative stress through the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, which is important for proliferation, viability, cell activation, and organ function. However, overproduction of ROS is most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. NADPH oxidase activation and ROS overproduction could further induce numerous inflammatory target proteins that are potentially mediated via Nox/ROS-related transcription factors triggered by various intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, oxidative stress is considered important in pulmonary inflammatory processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that redox signals can induce pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Thus, therapeutic strategies directly targeting oxidative stress may be effective for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may be beneficial to these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that traditional Chinese medicines, statins, and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor agonists could modulate inflammation-related signaling processes and may be beneficial for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In particular, several herbal medicines have attracted attention for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacological effects of these drugs to dissect how they induce host defense mechanisms against oxidative injury to combat pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death can be protected via the induction of HO-1 by these drugs. The main objective of this review is to focus on Chinese herbs and old drugs to develop anti-inflammatory drugs able to induce HO-1 expression for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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15
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5-Aminoisoquinolinone, a PARP-1 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Immune Abnormalities through Upregulation of Anti-Inflammatory and Downregulation of Inflammatory Parameters in T Cells of BTBR Mouse Model of Autism. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020249. [PMID: 33671196 PMCID: PMC7922312 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) covers a range of neurodevelopmental disorders involving impairments in communication and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior and reciprocal social interaction. 5-Aminoisoquinolinone (5-AIQ), a PARP-1 inhibitor, has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the influence of 5-AIQ-treatment in BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice as an autism model and used flow cytometry to assess the effect of 5-AIQ on FOXP3, Helios, GATA3, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-17A production by CXCR6+ and CD4+ T cells in the spleen. We also confirmed the effect of 5-AIQ treatment on expression of FOXP3, Helios, GATA3, IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-9 mRNA and protein expression levels in the brain tissue by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Our results demonstrated that 5-AIQ-treated BTBR mice had significantly increased numbers of CXCR6+FOXP3+, CXCR6+IL-10+, and CXCR6+Helios+ cells and decreased numbers of CD4+GATA3+, CD4+IL-9+, and CD4+IL-17A+ cells as compared with those in untreated BTBR mice. Our results further demonstrated that treatment with 5-AIQ in BTBR mice increased expression for FOXP3, IL-10, and Helios, and decreased expression for GATA3, IL-17A, and IL-9 mRNA. Our findings support the hypotheses that 5-AIQ has promising novel therapeutic effects on neuroimmune dysfunction in autism and is associated with modulation of Treg and Th17 cells.
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16
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He K, Hettinga A, Kale SL, Hu S, Xie MM, Dent AL, Ray A, Poholek AC. Blimp-1 is essential for allergen-induced asthma and Th2 cell development in the lung. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151760. [PMID: 32399548 PMCID: PMC7336314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A Th2 immune response is central to allergic airway inflammation, which afflicts millions worldwide. However, the mechanisms that augment GATA3 expression in an antigen-primed developing Th2 cell are not well understood. Here, we describe an unexpected role for Blimp-1, a transcriptional repressor that constrains autoimmunity, as an upstream promoter of GATA3 expression that is critical for Th2 cell development in the lung to inhaled but not systemically delivered allergens but is dispensable for TFH function and IgE production. Mechanistically, Blimp-1 acts through Bcl6, leading to increased GATA3 expression in lung Th2 cells. Surprisingly, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but not the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 or IL-21, is required via STAT3 activation to up-regulate Blimp-1 and promote Th2 cell development. These data reveal a hitherto unappreciated role for an IL-10–STAT3–Blimp-1 circuit as an initiator of an inflammatory Th2 response in the lung to allergens. Thus, Blimp-1 in a context-dependent fashion can drive inflammation by promoting rather than terminating effector T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angela Hettinga
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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17
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Corren J. New Targeted Therapies for Uncontrolled Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 7:1394-1403. [PMID: 31076057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies have improved our understanding of molecular and cellular components involved in asthma and our ability to treat severe patients. An mAb directed against IgE (omalizumab) has become an established add-on therapy for patients with uncontrolled allergic asthma and mAbs specific for IL-5 (reslizumab, mepolizumab), IL-5R (benralizumab), and IL-4R (dupilumab) have been approved as add-on treatments for uncontrolled eosinophilic (type 2) asthma. While these medications have proven highly effective, some patients with severe allergic and/or eosinophilic asthma, as well as most patients with severe non-type-2 disease, have poorly controlled disease. Agents that have recently been evaluated in clinical trials include an antibody directed against thymic stromal lymphopoietin, small molecule antagonists to the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) and the receptor for stem cell factor on mast cells (KIT), and a DNA enzyme directed at GATA3. Antibodies to IL-33 and its receptor, ST2, are being evaluated in ongoing clinical studies. In addition, a number of antagonists directed against other potential targets are under consideration for future trials, including IL-25, IL-6, TNF-like ligand 1A, CD6, and activated cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). Clinical data from ongoing and future trials will be important in determining whether these new medications will offer benefits in place of or in addition to existing therapies for asthma.
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MESH Headings
- Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/immunology
- DNA, Catalytic/therapeutic use
- Eosinophils/immunology
- GATA3 Transcription Factor
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Indoleacetic Acids/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Omalizumab/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/immunology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/immunology
- Ribonucleases/therapeutic use
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Corren
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.
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18
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Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, Gauthier M, Wenzel SE. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiol Rev 2020; 100:983-1017. [PMID: 31917651 PMCID: PMC7474260 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the term asthma has long been known to describe heterogeneous groupings of patients, only recently have data evolved which enable a molecular understanding of the clinical differences. The evolution of transcriptomics (and other 'omics platforms) and improved statistical analyses in combination with large clinical cohorts opened the door for molecular characterization of pathobiologic processes associated with a range of asthma patients. When linked with data from animal models and clinical trials of targeted biologic therapies, emerging distinctions arose between patients with and without elevations in type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways, leading to the confirmation of a broad categorization of type 2-Hi asthma. Differences in the ratios, sources, and location of type 2 cytokines and their relation to additional immune pathway activation appear to distinguish several different (sub)molecular phenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of type 2-Hi asthma, which respond differently to broad and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Asthma in the absence of type 2 inflammation is much less well defined, without clear biomarkers, but is generally linked with poor responses to corticosteroids. Integration of "big data" from large cohorts, over time, using machine learning approaches, combined with validation and iterative learning in animal (and human) model systems is needed to identify the biomarkers and tightly defined molecular phenotypes/endotypes required to fulfill the promise of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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19
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Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways that is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow limitation. Although asthma was once simply categorized as atopic or nonatopic, emerging analyses over the last few decades have revealed a variety of asthma endotypes that are attributed to numerous pathophysiological mechanisms. The classification of asthma by endotype is primarily routed in different profiles of airway inflammation that contribute to bronchoconstriction. Many asthma therapeutics target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which either enhance bronchodilation or prevent bronchoconstriction. Short-acting and long-acting β 2-agonists are widely used bronchodilators that signal through the activation of the β 2-adrenergic receptor. Short-acting and long-acting antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are used to reduce bronchoconstriction by blocking the action of acetylcholine. Leukotriene antagonists that block the signaling of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 are used as an add-on therapy to reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammation induced by cysteinyl leukotrienes. A number of GPCR-targeting asthma drug candidates are also in different stages of development. Among them, antagonists of prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 have advanced into phase III clinical trials. Others, including antagonists of the adenosine A2B receptor and the histamine H4 receptor, are in early stages of clinical investigation. In the past decade, significant research advancements in pharmacology, cell biology, structural biology, and molecular physiology have greatly deepened our understanding of the therapeutic roles of GPCRs in asthma and drug action on these GPCRs. This review summarizes our current understanding of GPCR signaling and pharmacology in the context of asthma treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although current treatment methods for asthma are effective for a majority of asthma patients, there are still a large number of patients with poorly controlled asthma who may experience asthma exacerbations. This review summarizes current asthma treatment methods and our understanding of signaling and pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in asthma therapy, and discusses controversies regarding the use of GPCR drugs and new opportunities in developing GPCR-targeting therapeutics for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
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20
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Han J, Liu B, Liu QM, Zhang YF, Liu YX, Liu H, Cao MJ, Liu GM. Red Algae Sulfated Polysaccharides Effervescent Tablets Attenuated Ovalbumin-Induced Anaphylaxis by Upregulating Regulatory T cells in Mouse Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11911-11921. [PMID: 31475818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Red algae sulfated polysaccharides (RASP) were extracted from Porphyra haitanensis and Gracilaria lemaneiformis. RASP were applied to effervescent tablets to develop a type of functional food, termed red algae sulfated polysaccharide effervescent tablets (RASPET), based on the antiallergic activities of RASP. The antiallergic activities and the mechanisms of RASPET were investigated in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of food allergy. The results revealed that RASPET alleviated intestinal villi injury by scanning electron microscopy and anaphylactic symptoms; reduced OVA-specific immunoglobulin E, histamine, and mast cell protease-1 levels in the serum; reduced the level of serum interleukin-4; increased serum interferon-γ level; and decreased B cell and mast cell populations. Remarkably, RASPET increased the levels of serum interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, and upregulated splenic CD4+foxp3+ T cell populations (15.28, 16.82, and 17.58%, respectively) compared to the OVA group (13.17%). In conclusion, RASPET attenuated OVA-induced anaphylaxis via the upregulation of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Mei Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Ya-Fen Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road , Xiamen , 361021 Fujian , P. R. China
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21
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Stark JM, Tibbitt CA, Coquet JM. The Metabolic Requirements of Th2 Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2318. [PMID: 31611881 PMCID: PMC6776632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into a number of specialized T helper (Th) cell subsets. Th2 cells are central players in immunity to helminths and are implicated in mediating the inflammatory pathology associated with allergies. The differentiation of Th2 cells is dependent on transcription factors such as GATA3 and STAT6, which prime Th2 cells for the secretion of interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13. Several lines of work now suggest that differentiating Th2 cells in the lymph node are potent IL-4 cytokine producers, but do not become competent IL-5- and IL-13-producing cells until after receiving cues from non-lymphoid tissue. It is evident that Th2 cells that enter tissues undergo considerable changes in chromatin architecture and gene expression, and that over this time, the metabolic requirements of these cells change considerably. Herein, we discuss the metabolic requirements of Th2 cells during their early and late differentiation, focusing on the impact of glucose and lipid metabolism, mTOR activation, the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ and several metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Prevention and relaxation effects of Liriope platyphylla on bronchial asthma in vitro model by suppressing the activities of MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mediators of the homeostasis and effector functions of memory Th2 cells as novel drug targets in intractable chronic allergic diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:754-765. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Lin CC, Law BF, Siegel PD, Hettick JM. Circulating miRs-183-5p, -206-3p and -381-3p may serve as novel biomarkers for 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure. Biomarkers 2018; 24:76-90. [PMID: 30074411 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1508308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to the most widely used diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), is a cause of occupational asthma (OA). Early recognition of MDI exposure and sensitization is essential for the prevention of MDI-OA. OBJECTIVE Identify circulating microRNAs (miRs) as novel biomarkers for early detection of MDI exposure and prevention of MDI-OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female BALB/c mice were exposed to one of three exposure regimens: dermal exposure to 1% MDI in acetone; nose-only exposure to 4580 ± 1497 μg/m3 MDI-aerosol for 60 minutes; or MDI dermal exposure/sensitization followed by MDI-aerosol inhalation challenge. Blood was collected and miRCURY™ miRs qPCR Profiling Service was used to profile circulate miRs from dermally exposed mice. Candidate miRs were identified and verified from mice exposed to three MDI-exposure regimens by TaqMan® miR assays. RESULTS Up/down-regulation patterns of circulating mmu-miRs-183-5p, -206-3p and -381-3p were identified and verified. Circulating mmu-miR-183-5p was upregulated whereas mmu-miRs-206-3p and -381-3p were downregulated in mice exposed via all three MDI exposure regimens. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Upregulation of circulating miR-183-5p along with downregulation of circulating miRs-206-3p and -381-3p may serve as putative biomarkers of MDI exposure and may be considered as potential candidates for validation in exposed human worker populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chung Lin
- a Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , 26505 , USA
| | - Brandon F Law
- a Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , 26505 , USA
| | - Paul D Siegel
- a Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , 26505 , USA
| | - Justin M Hettick
- a Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , 26505 , USA
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25
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Altman MC, Whalen E, Togias A, O'Connor GT, Bacharier LB, Bloomberg GR, Kattan M, Wood RA, Presnell S, LeBeau P, Jaffee K, Visness CM, Busse WW, Gern JE. Allergen-induced activation of natural killer cells represents an early-life immune response in the development of allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1856-1866. [PMID: 29518416 PMCID: PMC6123299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood asthma in inner-city populations is a major public health burden, and understanding early-life immune mechanisms that promote asthma onset is key to disease prevention. Children with asthma demonstrate a high prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization and TH2-type inflammation; however, the early-life immune events that lead to TH2 skewing and disease development are unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to use RNA sequencing of PBMCs collected at age 2 years to determine networks of immune responses that occur in children with allergy and asthma. METHODS In an inner-city birth cohort with high asthma risk, we compared gene expression using RNA sequencing in PBMCs collected at age 2 years between children with 2 or more aeroallergen sensitizations, including dust mite, cockroach, or both, by age 3 years and asthma by age 7 years (cases) and matched control subjects who did not have any aeroallergen sensitization or asthma by age 7 years. RESULTS PBMCs from the cases showed higher levels of expression of natural killer (NK) cell-related genes. After cockroach or dust mite allergen but not tetanus antigen stimulation, PBMCs from the cases compared with the control subjects showed differential expression of 244 genes. This gene set included upregulation of a densely interconnected NK cell-like gene network reflecting a pattern of cell activation and induction of inflammatory signaling molecules, including the key TH2-type cytokines IL9, IL13, and CCL17, as well as a dendritic cell-like gene network, including upregulation of CD1 lipid antigen presentation molecules. The NK cell-like response was reproducible in an independent group of children with later-onset allergic sensitization and asthma and was found to be specific to only those children with both aeroallergen sensitization and asthma. CONCLUSION These findings provide important mechanistic insight into an early-life immune pathway involved in TH2 polarization, leading to the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Altman
- Benaroya Research Institute Systems Immunology Division, Seattle, Wash; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
| | - Elizabeth Whalen
- Benaroya Research Institute Systems Immunology Division, Seattle, Wash
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | | | | | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Robert A Wood
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Scott Presnell
- Benaroya Research Institute Systems Immunology Division, Seattle, Wash
| | | | | | | | - William W Busse
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - James E Gern
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
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26
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Tumes DJ, Papadopoulos M, Endo Y, Onodera A, Hirahara K, Nakayama T. Epigenetic regulation of T-helper cell differentiation, memory, and plasticity in allergic asthma. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:8-19. [PMID: 28658556 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 300 million people currently suffer from asthma, which causes approximately 250 000 deaths a year. Allergen-specific T-helper (Th) cells produce cytokines that induce many of the hallmark features of asthma including airways hyperreactivity, eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling. Cytokine-producing Th subsets including Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), Th17 (IL-17), Th22 (IL-22), and T regulatory (IL-10) cells have all been suggested to play a role in the development of asthma. Th differentiation involves genetic regulation of gene expression through the concerted action of cytokines, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulators. We describe how Th differentiation and plasticity is regulated by epigenetic histone and DNA modifications, with a focus on the regulation of histone methylation by members of the polycomb and trithorax complexes. In addition, we outline environmental influences that could influence epigenetic regulation of Th cells and discuss the potential to regulate Th plasticity and function through drugs targeting the epigenetic machinery. It is also becoming apparent that epigenetic regulation of allergen-specific memory Th cells may be important in the development and persistence of chronic allergies. Finally, we describe how epigenetic modifiers regulate cytokine memory in Th cells and describe recently identified hybrid, plastic, and pathogenic memory Th subsets the context of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J Tumes
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
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27
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Hirose K, Iwata A, Tamachi T, Nakajima H. Allergic airway inflammation: key players beyond the Th2 cell pathway. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:145-161. [PMID: 28658544 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperreactivity, causing reversible airway obstruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 orchestrate these pathognomonic features of asthma. However, over the past decade, the understanding of asthma pathogenesis has made a significant shift from a Th2 cell-dependent, IgE-mediated disease to a more complicated heterogeneous disease. Recent studies clearly show that not only Th2 cytokines but also other T cell-related cytokines such as IL-17A and IL-22 as well as epithelial cell cytokines such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this review, we focus on the roles of these players beyond Th2 pathways in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hirose
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tamachi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Youm J, Lee H, Choi Y, Yoon J. DW2008S and its major constituents from Justicia procumbens exert anti-asthmatic effect via multitargeting activity. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29512870 PMCID: PMC5908124 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Justicia procumbens ameliorates ovalbumin‐induced airway inflammation and airway hyper‐responsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. However, the mechanism of action of the extract remains unknown. In this study, we prepared DW2008S, an optimized and standardized powder extracted from J. procumbens using anhydrous ethanol, and investigated its anti‐asthmatic effect and mechanism of action. Our results showed that DW2008S contains two major ingredients, justicidin A (JA) and justicidin B (JB), which selectively inhibit T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses in concanavalin A‐activated spleen cells and polarized Th2 cells. Blockade of T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT) using a neutralizing antibody also selectively inhibited Th2 cell responses. Furthermore, DW2008S regulated TIGIT expression in the mice and cultured cells. Additionally, DW2008S and JA antagonized human adenosine receptor A3 (A3AR), which mediates mast cell‐dependent inflammation and bronchoconstriction. DW2008S and JB inhibited human phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which is known to cause bronchoconstriction; however, the required concentrations were higher than those needed to affect TIGIT . These findings suggest that DW2008S can potentially ameliorate Th2‐driven airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction through negative regulation of TIGIT and blockade of A3AR and PDE4 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Youm
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company, Yong-In City, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Lee
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company, Yong-In City, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon City, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon City, Korea
| | - Joobyoung Yoon
- Research Institute, Dong-Wha Pharmaceutical Company, Yong-In City, Korea
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29
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O'Garra A, Gabryšová L. Transcription Factors Directing Th2 Differentiation: Gata-3 Plays a Dominant Role. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 196:4423-5. [PMID: 27207804 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Leona Gabryšová
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
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30
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Garn H, Renz H. GATA-3-specific DNAzyme - A novel approach for stratified asthma therapy. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:22-30. [PMID: 27910098 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that type-2 immune mechanisms drive the inflammation in about 50% of asthma patients. The major cellular and molecular players regulating this important network have been identified. In terms of therapeutic intervention, cytokine and cytokine-receptor pathways have been given major attention, since these molecules are relatively easily accessible for a blockade through monoclonal antibodies, and a number of positive clinical results support this concept. However, targeting events controlling the type-2 immunity network upstream of selective cytokine pathways would be equally attractive. Type-2 immunity is regulated through a delicate interplay of several transcription factors (including GATA-3, STAT-6, NFAT, IRF4, c-maf), with GATA-3 as master regulator in this regard. Since transcription factors are intracellularly located they cannot be directly targeted by monoclonal antibodies. For intracellular targets, antisense technologies such as antisense DNA and siRNA have been shown to be a promising approach, and have recently made major advances toward clinical application. Here, we summarize the development of a GATA-3-specific DNAzyme-a molecule class that combines the superior specificity of antisense molecules with an inherent RNA-cleaving enzymatic activity-for the treatment of type-2-driven asthma from preclinical development toward a proof-of-concept clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Medical Faculty, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Medical Faculty, Marburg, Germany
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31
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Nakayama T, Hirahara K, Onodera A, Endo Y, Hosokawa H, Shinoda K, Tumes DJ, Okamoto Y. Th2 Cells in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 35:53-84. [PMID: 27912316 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helper T (Th) cell subsets direct immune responses by producing signature cytokines. Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are important in humoral immunity and protection from helminth infection and are central to the pathogenesis of many allergic inflammatory diseases. Molecular analysis of Th2 cell differentiation and maintenance of function has led to recent discoveries that have refined our understanding of Th2 cell biology. Epigenetic regulation of Gata3 expression by chromatin remodeling complexes such as Polycomb and Trithorax is crucial for maintaining Th2 cell identity. In the context of allergic diseases, memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells have been identified in both mice and humans. To better understand these disease-driving cell populations, we have developed a model called the pathogenic Th population disease induction model. The concept of defined subsets of pathogenic Th cells may spur new, effective strategies for treating intractable chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Kenta Shinoda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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32
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Singh J, Shah R, Singh D. Inundation of asthma target research: Untangling asthma riddles. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:60-85. [PMID: 27667568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inveterate inflammatory disorder, delineated by the airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway wall remodeling. Although, asthma is a vague term, and is recognized as heterogenous entity encompassing different phenotypes. Targeting single mediator or receptor did not prove much clinical significant, as asthma is complex disease involving myriad inflammatory mediators. Asthma may probably involve a large number of different types of molecular and cellular components interacting through complex pathophysiological pathways. This review covers the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma. Furthermore, review describe importance of targeting several mediators/modulators and receptor antagonists involved in the physiopathology of asthma. Novel targets for asthma research include Galectins, Immunological targets, K + Channels, Kinases and Transcription Factors, Toll-like receptors, Selectins and Transient receptor potential channels. But recent developments in asthma research are very promising, these include Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) abated airway obstruction in mouse model of asthma and Calcium-sensing receptor obliterate inflammation and in bronchial hyperresponsiveness allergic asthma. All these progresses in asthma targets, and asthma phenotypes exploration are auspicious in untangling of asthma riddles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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33
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34
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Abstract
The term asthma encompasses a disease spectrum with mild to very severe disease phenotypes whose traditional common characteristic is reversible airflow limitation. Unlike milder disease, severe asthma is poorly controlled by the current standard of care. Ongoing studies using advanced molecular and immunological tools along with improved clinical classification show that severe asthma does not identify a specific patient phenotype, but rather includes patients with constant medical needs, whose pathobiologic and clinical characteristics vary widely. Accordingly, in recent clinical trials, therapies guided by specific patient characteristics have had better outcomes than previous therapies directed to any subject with a diagnosis of severe asthma. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the full scope of this disease that hinder the development of effective treatments for all severe asthmatics. In this Review, we discuss our current state of knowledge regarding severe asthma, highlighting different molecular and immunological pathways that can be targeted for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology, and
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mahesh Raundhal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Timothy B. Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology, and
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology, and
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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De Grove KC, Provoost S, Hendriks RW, McKenzie ANJ, Seys LJM, Kumar S, Maes T, Brusselle GG, Joos GF. Dysregulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and T H2 cells impairs pollutant-induced allergic airway responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:246-257.e4. [PMID: 27315767 PMCID: PMC5420012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prominent role of TH2 cells in type 2 immune responses is well established, the newly identified type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) can also contribute to orchestration of allergic responses. Several experimental and epidemiologic studies have provided evidence that allergen-induced airway responses can be further enhanced on exposure to environmental pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). However, the components and pathways responsible remain incompletely known. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the relative contribution of ILC2 and adaptive TH2 cell responses in a murine model of DEP-enhanced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Wild-type, Gata-3+/nlslacZ (Gata-3-haploinsufficient), RAR-related orphan receptor α (RORα)fl/flIL7RCre (ILC2-deficient), and recombination-activating gene (Rag) 2-/- mice were challenged with saline, DEPs, or house dust mite (HDM) or DEP+HDM. Airway hyperresponsiveness, as well as inflammation, and intracellular cytokine expression in ILC2s and TH2 cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were assessed. RESULTS Concomitant DEP+HDM exposure significantly enhanced allergic airway inflammation, as characterized by increased airway eosinophilia, goblet cell metaplasia, accumulation of ILC2s and TH2 cells, type 2 cytokine production, and airway hyperresponsiveness compared with sole DEPs or HDM. Reduced Gata-3 expression decreased the number of functional ILC2s and TH2 cells in DEP+HDM-exposed mice, resulting in an impaired DEP-enhanced allergic airway inflammation. Interestingly, although the DEP-enhanced allergic inflammation was marginally reduced in ILC2-deficient mice that received combined DEP+HDM, it was abolished in DEP+HDM-exposed Rag2-/- mice. CONCLUSION These data indicate that dysregulation of ILC2s and TH2 cells attenuates DEP-enhanced allergic airway inflammation. In addition, a crucial role for the adaptive immune system was shown on concomitant DEP+HDM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien C De Grove
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sharen Provoost
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leen J M Seys
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Smitha Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy F Joos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Kim KS, Cho DH, Yang HJ, Choi EK, Shin MH, Kim KH, Ahn KS, Ha IJ, Na YC, Um JY, Chung WS, Jung HJ, Jung SK, Jang HJ. Effects of the inhaled treatment of liriope radix on an asthmatic mouse model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 43:425-41. [PMID: 25967662 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As a treatment for allergic asthma, inhaled treatments such as bronchodilators that contain β2-agonists have an immediate effect, which attenuates airway obstructions and decreases airway hypersensitivity. However, bronchodilators only perform on a one off basis, but not consistently. Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways accompanying the overproduction of mucus, airway wall remodeling, bronchial hyperreactivity and airway obstruction. Liriope platyphylla radix extract (LPP), a traditional Korean medicine, has been thoroughly studied and found to be an effective anti-inflammatory medicine. Here, we demonstrate that an inhaled treatment of LPP can attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model, compared to the saline-treated group (p < 0.01). Moreover, LPP decreases inflammatory cytokine levels, such as eotaxin (p < 0.05), IL-5 (p < 0.05), IL-13 (p < 0.001), RANTES (p < 0.01), and TNF-α (p < 0.05) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of asthmatic mice. A histopathological study was carried out to determine the effects of LPP inhalation on mice lung tissue. We performed UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS, LC/MS, and GC/MS analyses to analyze the chemical constituents of LPP, finding that these are ophiopogonin D, spicatoside A, spicatoside B, benzyl alcohol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. This study demonstrates the effect of an inhaled LPP treatment both on airway AHR and on the inflammatory response in an asthmatic mouse model. Hence, LPP holds significant promise as a nasal inhalant for the treatment of asthmatic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Suk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Baraut J, Farge D, Jean-Louis F, Masse I, Grigore EI, Arruda LCM, Lamartine J, Verrecchia F, Michel L. Transforming growth factor-β increases interleukin-13 synthesis via GATA-3 transcription factor in T-lymphocytes from patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:196. [PMID: 26227022 PMCID: PMC4521372 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-13 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), partly through activation of collagen production that leads to fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TFG-β alters IL-13 production in T lymphocytes from patients with SSc from that seen in those of healthy donors. Methods IL-13 mRNA and protein synthesis under TFG-β exposure was measured in circulating T lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with SSc and also in the Jurkat Th2 T-cell line, using quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, respectively. The involvement of Smad and GATA-3 transcription factors was assessed by using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, and the binding capacity of GATA-3 to the IL-13 gene promoter was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results TGF-β induced a significant decrease in IL-13 mRNA and protein levels in lymphocytes from healthy donors (mean [±SD] inhibition of 30 % ± 10 % and 20 % ± 7 %, respectively; p < 0.05). In contrast, TGF-β promoted a significant increase in IL-13 mRNA levels and IL-13 synthesis by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subtypes from patients with SSc, with respective increases of 2.4 ± 0.3-fold, 1.6 ± 0.05-fold and 2.7 ± 0.02-fold. The involvement of the Smad signaling pathway and upregulation of GATA-3 binding capacity on the IL-13 promoter in lymphocytes from patients with SSc contributed to the effect of TGF-β on IL-13 production. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TGF-β upregulates IL-13 synthesis through GATA-3 expression in the T lymphocytes of patients with SSc, confirming that the GATA-3 transcription factor can be regarded as a novel therapeutic target in patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Baraut
- INSERM U976, Pavillon Bazin, Hôpital Saint-Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Dominique Farge
- Unité Clinique de Médecine Interne et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMRS 1160, Paris, France.
| | - Francette Jean-Louis
- INSERM U976, Pavillon Bazin, Hôpital Saint-Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Ingrid Masse
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I et CNRS UMR5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Elena Ivan Grigore
- INSERM U976, Pavillon Bazin, Hôpital Saint-Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Lucas C M Arruda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,Center for Cell-based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I et CNRS UMR5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM U957, Université de Nantes, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Laurence Michel
- INSERM U976, Pavillon Bazin, Hôpital Saint-Louis 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
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Raundhal M, Morse C, Khare A, Oriss TB, Milosevic J, Trudeau J, Huff R, Pilewski J, Holguin F, Kolls J, Wenzel S, Ray P, Ray A. High IFN-γ and low SLPI mark severe asthma in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3037-50. [PMID: 26121748 DOI: 10.1172/jci80911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) is a challenge to control, as patients are not responsive to high doses of systemic corticosteroids (CS). In contrast, mild-moderate asthma (MMA) is responsive to low doses of inhaled CS, indicating that Th2 cells, which are dominant in MMA, do not solely orchestrate SA development. Here, we analyzed broncholalveolar lavage cells isolated from MMA and SA patients and determined that IFN-γ (Th1) immune responses are exacerbated in the airways of individuals with SA, with reduced Th2 and IL-17 responses. We developed a protocol that recapitulates the complex immune response of human SA, including the poor response to CS, in a murine model. Compared with WT animals, Ifng-/- mice subjected to this SA model failed to mount airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) without appreciable effect on airway inflammation. Conversely, AHR was not reduced in Il17ra-/- mice, although airway inflammation was lower. Computer-assisted pathway analysis tools linked IFN-γ to secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), which is expressed by airway epithelial cells, and IFN-γ inversely correlated with SLPI expression in SA patients and the mouse model. In mice subjected to our SA model, forced SLPI expression decreased AHR in the absence of CS, and it was further reduced when SLPI was combined with CS. Our study identifies a distinct immune response in SA characterized by a dysregulated IFN-γ/SLPI axis that affects lung function.
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Zhu J. T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development and regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production. Cytokine 2015; 75:14-24. [PMID: 26044597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, the signature cytokines that are produced during type 2 immune responses, are critical for protective immunity against infections of extracellular parasites and are responsible for asthma and many other allergic inflammatory diseases. Although many immune cell types within the myeloid lineage compartment including basophils, eosinophils and mast cells are capable of producing at least one of these cytokines, the production of these "type 2 immune response-related" cytokines by lymphoid lineages, CD4 T helper 2 (Th2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in particular, are the central events during type 2 immune responses. In this review, I will focus on the signaling pathways and key molecules that determine the differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells into Th2 cells, and how the expression of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-4 and IL-13, is regulated in Th2 cells. The similarities and differences in the differentiation of Th2 cells, IL-4-producing T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and ILC2s as well as their relationships will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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40
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Acteoside attenuates TSLP-induced mast cell proliferation via down-regulating MDM2. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Ji X, Han M, Yun Y, Li G, Sang N. Acute nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure enhances airway inflammation via modulating Th1/Th2 differentiation and activating JAK-STAT pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:722-8. [PMID: 25462318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an air pollutant associated with poor respiratory health, asthma exacerbation, and an increased likelihood of inhalational allergies. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, the airway inflammatory response was first assessed in rats exposed to 5mg/m(3) NO2 for seven days. The results showed that NO2 exposure caused the pulmonary pathological alteration, and significantly stimulated MUC5AC expression. Following this, obviously up-regulated changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1) were observed. Also, NO2 inhalation induced the imbalance in the ratio of Th1/Th2 differentiation (IL-4, IFN-γ, GATA-3 and T-bet) and the activation of following JAK-STAT pathway (JAK1, JAK3 and STAT6). The findings clarify an important mechanism for NO2 inhalation being injurious to the lung and augmenting the degree of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Ming Han
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Ray A, Oriss TB, Wenzel SE. Emerging molecular phenotypes of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L130-40. [PMID: 25326577 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00070.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although asthma has long been considered a heterogeneous disease, attempts to define subgroups of asthma have been limited. In recent years, both clinical and statistical approaches have been utilized to better merge clinical characteristics, biology, and genetics. These combined characteristics have been used to define phenotypes of asthma, the observable characteristics of a patient determined by the interaction of genes and environment. Identification of consistent clinical phenotypes has now been reported across studies. Now the addition of various 'omics and identification of specific molecular pathways have moved the concept of clinical phenotypes toward the concept of molecular phenotypes. The importance of these molecular phenotypes is being confirmed through the integration of molecularly targeted biological therapies. Thus the global term asthma is poised to become obsolete, being replaced by terms that more specifically identify the pathology associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy B Oriss
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Sahoo A, Alekseev A, Obertas L, Nurieva R. Grail controls Th2 cell development by targeting STAT6 for degradation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4732. [PMID: 25145352 PMCID: PMC5100808 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)-2 cells are the major players in allergic asthma; however, the mechanisms that control Th2-mediated inflammation are poorly understood. Here we find that enhanced expression of Grail, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in Th2 cells depends on IL-4-signaling components, Stat6 and Gata3 that bind to and transactivate the Grail promoter. Grail-deficiency in T cells leads to increased expression of Th2 effector cytokines in vitro and in vivo and Grail deficient mice are more susceptible to allergic asthma. Mechanistically, the enhanced effector function of Grail-deficient Th2 cells is mediated by increased expression of Stat6 and IL-4 receptor α-chain. Grail interacts with Stat6 and targets it for ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, our results indicate that Grail plays a critical role in controlling Th2 development through a negative feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Sahoo
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andrei Alekseev
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lidiya Obertas
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Shin MH, Park YJ, Kim KS, Cho DH, Uh IJ, Kim KH, Ha IJ, Chung WS, Jung HJ, Jung SK, Jang HJ. The anti-inflammatory effects of Alisma herb extract on allergic asthma mouse model. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Reuter S, Martin H, Beckert H, Bros M, Montermann E, Belz C, Heinz A, Ohngemach S, Sahin U, Stassen M, Buhl R, Eshkind L, Taube C. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway attenuates experimental allergic airway disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:485-95. [PMID: 24929002 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays crucial roles in embryogenesis and homeostasis of adult tissues. In the lung, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been implicated in remodeling processes, development of emphysema, and fibrosis. However, its relevance for the modulation of allergic responses in the lung remains unclear. Using genetically modified mice with lung-specific inducible (doxycycline) Wnt-1 expression (CCSP-rtTA × tetO-Wnt1), the impact of Wnt on the development of allergic airway disease was analyzed. Overexpression of Wnt during the allergen challenge phase attenuated the development of airway inflammation in an acute model, as well as in a more therapeutic model of secondary challenge. These findings were further supported by treatment of allergen-sensitized mice with LiCl during challenge. Similar to Wnt, LiCl prevented the degradation of β-catenin and, thus, attenuated allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Migration studies revealed that lung-specific expression of Wnt reduced the migration of Ag-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) into the draining lymph nodes following allergen challenge. Administration of in vitro allergen-loaded DCs overcame Wnt-mediated suppression of airway inflammation. Furthermore, in vitro studies confirmed that DC-dependent T cell activation is impaired by blocking β-catenin degradation. These results demonstrate an important role for the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the DC-mediated regulation of allergic responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- Pulmonary Department, III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Helen Martin
- Pulmonary Department, III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Beckert
- Pulmonary Department, III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Evelyn Montermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Belz
- Pulmonary Department, III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Heinz
- Pulmonary Department, III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svetlana Ohngemach
- Transgenic Facility, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Stassen
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; and
| | - Roland Buhl
- Pulmonary Department, III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonid Eshkind
- Transgenic Facility, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pyo MY, Yoon SJ, Yu Y, Park S, Jin M. Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses Th2 cytokines and GATA-3 transcription factor in EL-4 T cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1037-43. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.912115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Allergic disease is dominated by Th2 immune responses. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, representative Th2 cytokines, play pivotal roles in the pathogenic activation of the Th2 immune response. In this study, we found that cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride (C3G), an anthocyanin suppressed IL-4 and IL-13 produced in activated EL-4 T cells but not Th1 cytokines including IL-2, interferon-γ, or IL-12. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA levels and luciferase activation in cells transiently transfected with IL-4 and IL-13 promoter reporter plasmids were significantly inhibited by C3G, suggesting that suppression might be, at least in part, regulated at the transcriptional level. Data from western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of transcription factors involved in cytokine expression suggested that expression of GATA-3, but not T-bet, was downregulated in the nucleus by C3G. Taken together, our data indicate that C3G may has potential as an anti-allergic agent suppressing Th2 activation by downregulating Th2 cytokines and the GATA3 transcription factor in allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Yun Pyo
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Lab of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- Lab of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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47
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Lee GR. Transcriptional regulation of T helper type 2 differentiation. Immunology 2014; 141:498-505. [PMID: 24245687 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in recent years towards our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell differentiation. Additional transcription factors and chromatin-modifying factors were identified and shown to promote Th2 cell differentiation and inhibit differentiation into other subsets. Analyses of mice lacking several cis-regulatory elements have yielded more insight into the regulatory mechanism of Th2 cytokine genes. Gene deletion studies of several chromatin modifiers confirmed their impact on CD4 T-cell differentiation. In addition, recent genome-wide analyses of transcription factor binding and chromatin status revealed unexpected roles of these factors in Th2-cell differentiation. In this review, these recent findings and their implication are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Wan YY. GATA3: a master of many trades in immune regulation. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:233-42. [PMID: 24786134 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
GATA3 has conventionally been regarded as a transcription factor that drives the differentiation of T helper (Th) 2 cells. Increasing evidence points to a function for GATA3 beyond controlling Th2 differentiation. GATA3 regulates T cell development, proliferation, and maintenance. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated important roles for GATA3 in innate lymphoid cells. Thus, GATA3 emerges as a factor with diverse functions in immune regulation, which are in some cases cell-type specific and in others shared by multiple cell types. Here, I discuss recent discoveries and the current understanding of the functions of GATA3 in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Y Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Neunkirchner A, Schmetterer KG, Pickl WF. Lymphocyte-based model systems for allergy research: a historic overview. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 163:259-91. [PMID: 24777172 DOI: 10.1159/000360163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a multitude of studies applying distinct in vitro and in vivo model systems have contributed greatly to our better understanding of the initiation and regulation of inflammatory processes leading to allergic diseases. Over the years, it has become evident that among lymphocytes, not only IgE-producing B cells and allergy-orchestrating CD4(+) helper cells but also cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, γδ-T cells and innate lymphoid cells, as well as regulatory lymphocytes, might critically shape the immune response towards usually innocuous allergens. In this review, we provide a historic overview of pioneering work leading to the establishment of important lymphocyte-based model systems for allergy research. Moreover, we contrast the original findings with our currently more refined knowledge to appreciate the actual validity of the respective models and to reassess the conclusions obtained from them. Conflicting studies and interpretations are identified and discussed. The tables are intended to provide an easy overview of the field not only for scientists newly entering the field but also for the broader readership interested in updating their knowledge. Along those lines, herein we discuss in vitro and in vivo approaches to the investigation of lymphocyte effector cell activation, polarization and regulation, and describe depletion and adoptive transfer models along with gene knockout and transgenic (tg) methodologies. In addition, novel attempts to establish humanized T cell antigen receptor tg mouse models for allergy research are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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50
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KleinJan A, Klein Wolterink RGJ, Levani Y, de Bruijn MJW, Hoogsteden HC, van Nimwegen M, Hendriks RW. Enforced expression of Gata3 in T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells increases susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1385-94. [PMID: 24415780 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Airway inflammation in allergic asthma reflects a threshold response of the innate immune system, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), followed by an adaptive Th2 cell-mediated response. Transcription factor Gata3 is essential for differentiation of both Th2 cells and ILC2. We investigated the effects of enforced Gata3 expression in T cells and ILC2 on the susceptibility of mice to allergic airway inflammation (AAI). We used CD2-Gata3 transgenic (Tg) mice with enforced Gata3 expression driven by the CD2 promoter, which is active both in T cells and during ILC2 development. CD2-Gata3 Tg mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were analyzed in mild models of AAI without adjuvants. Whereas OVA allergen exposure did not induce inflammation in WT controls, CD2-Gata3 Tg mice showed clear AAI and enhanced levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage. Likewise, in house dust mite-driven asthma, CD2-Gata3 Tg mice were significantly more susceptible to AAI than WT littermates, whereby both ILC2 and Th2 cells were important cellular sources of IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue. Compared with WT littermates, CD2-Gata3 Tg mice contained increased numbers of ILC2, which expressed high levels of IL-33R and contributed significantly to early production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. CD2-Gata3 Tg mice also had a unique population of IL-33-responsive non-B/non-T lymphoid cells expressing IFN-γ. Enforced Gata3 expression is therefore sufficient to enhance Th2 and ILC2 activity, and leads to increased susceptibility to AAI after mild exposure to inhaled harmless Ags that otherwise induce Ag tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex KleinJan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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