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Robertson J, Jeffs A, Hedges C, Hickey AJR. Cardiac mitochondrial energetics of the Australasian red spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, when exposed to isoeugenol within the commercial anaesthetic AQUI-S. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275578. [PMID: 35647661 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The anaesthetic isoeugenol has been used as metabolic suppressant for commercial transport of live lobsters in order to decrease energy expenditure aand improve survival. Given the central role of mitochondria in metabolism and structural similarities of isoeugenol to the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q, we explored the influence on mitochondrial function of isoeugenol. Mitochondrial function was measured using high resolution respirometry and saponin permeabilized heart fibres from the Australasian red spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Relative to vehicle (polysorbate), isoeugenol inhibited respiration supported by complex I (CI) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). While complex II (CII), which also reduces coenzyme Q was largely unaffected by isoeugenol, respiration supported by CII when uncoupled was depressed. Titration of isoeugenol indicates that respiration through CI has a half inhibition constant (IC50) of 2.4±0.1 µM, and full inhibition constant IC100 of approximately 6.3 µM. These concentrations are consistent with those used for transport and euthanasia of J. edwardsii and indicates that CI is a possible target of isoeugenol like many other anaesthetics with quinone-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robertson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Jeffs
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Hedges
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J R Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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2
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Effectiveness of the Food-Safe Anaesthetic Isobutanol in the Live Transport of Tropical Spiny Lobster Species. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The strong demand for live spiny lobsters in Asian markets is being met by long-distance airfreight. Holding lobsters out of water during transportation often results in mortalities due to the accumulation of metabolites, especially ammonia. This study examined the potential to improve the survival of tropical lobster species exported from India through the use of the food-safe aquatic anaesthetic isobutanol, both with and without cold stunning, typically used prior to live lobster transportation. The results of the study indicate that treatment with 50 ppm isobutanol in ambient seawater temperature (i.e., 28 °C) prior to simulated live transport for 22 h significantly reduces ammonia levels in the haemolymph in all four lobster species (Panulirus homarus, P. ornatus, P. versicolor and P. polyphagus) compared to lobsters treated with cold stunning (i.e., 16.5 °C) with and without 10 ppm isobutanol. Cold stunning at 16.5 °C combined with 10 ppm isobutanol reduced ammonia levels compared to cold stunning alone only in P. ornatus. All experimental lobsters were returned to ambient seawater after simulated transport and were alive after 48 h. These results indicate that isobutanol has the potential to be used to suppress metabolism during the live transport of tropical lobsters and to reduce mortalities during live transport.
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Lobster Supply Chains Are Not at Risk from Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Accumulation during Wet Storage. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020129. [PMID: 33572356 PMCID: PMC7916109 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobster species can accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) in their hepatopancreas following the consumption of toxic prey. The Southern Rock Lobster (SRL), Jasus edwardsii, industry in Tasmania, Australia, and New Zealand, collectively valued at AUD 365 M, actively manages PST risk based on toxin monitoring of lobsters in coastal waters. The SRL supply chain predominantly provides live lobsters, which includes wet holding in fishing vessels, sea-cages, or processing facilities for periods of up to several months. Survival, quality, and safety of this largely exported high-value product is a major consideration for the industry. In a controlled experiment, SRL were exposed to highly toxic cultures of Alexandrium catenella at field relevant concentrations (2 × 105 cells L-1) in an experimental aquaculture facility over a period of 21 days. While significant PST accumulation in the lobster hepatopancreas has been reported in parallel experiments feeding lobsters with toxic mussels, no PST toxin accumulated in this experiment from exposure to toxic algal cells, and no negative impact on lobster health was observed as assessed via a wide range of behavioural, immunological, and physiological measures. We conclude that there is no risk of PST accumulation, nor risk to survival or quality at the point of consumption through exposure to toxic algal cells.
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Lorenzo RA, Tomac A, Tapella F, Yeannes MI, Romero MC. Biochemical and quality parameters of southern king crab meat after transport simulation and re-immersion. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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5
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Turnbull A, Malhi N, Seger A, Jolley J, Hallegraeff G, Fitzgibbon Q. Accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins by Southern Rock lobster Jasus edwardsii causes minimal impact on lobster health. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105704. [PMID: 33316749 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent dinoflagellate blooms of Alexandrium catenella expose the economically and ecologically important Southern Rock Lobster in Tasmania to paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), and it is unknown if PST accumulation adversely affects lobster performance, health and catchability. In a controlled aquaculture setting, lobsters were fed highly contaminated mussels to accumulate toxin levels in the hepatopancreas (mean of 6.65 mg STX.2HCl equiv. kg-1), comparable to those observed in nature. Physiological impact of PST accumulation was comprehensively assessed by a range of behavioural (vitality score, righting ability and reflex impairment score), health (haemocyte count, bacteriology, gill necrosis and parasite load), nutritional (hepatopancreas index and haemolymph refractive index) and haemolymph biochemical (21 parameters including electrolytes, metabolites, and enzymes) parameters during a 63 day period of uptake and depuration of toxins. Exposure to PST did not result in mortality nor significant changes in the behavioural, health, or nutritional measures suggesting limited gross impact on lobster performance. Furthermore, most haemolymph biochemical parameters measured exhibited no significant difference between control and exposed animals. However, the concentration of potassium in the haemolymph increased with PST, whilst the concentration of lactate and the sodium:potassium ratio decreased with PST. In addition, exposed lobsters showed a hyperglycaemic response to PST exposure, indicative of stress. These findings suggest that PST accumulation results in some measurable indicators of stress for lobsters. However, these changes are likely within the adaptive range for Jasus edwardsii and do not result in a significant impairment of gross performance. Our findings support previous conclusions that crustaceans are relatively tolerant to PST and the implications for the lobster fishery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Turnbull
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Navreet Malhi
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Andreas Seger
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jessica Jolley
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Quinn Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Zhang Y, Xiao X, Yan L, Thi Tuyet Nga M, Zhang X. Survival prediction system for waterless live Chinese Sturgeon transportation based on temperature related glucose changes. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- Electronic Information Institute, Shandong institute of commerce and technology; Jinan China
| | - Xinqing Xiao
- College of Engineering; Beijing lab for food quality and safety; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Liu Yan
- Logistic College, Beijing Wuzi University; Beijing China
| | | | - Xiaoshuan Zhang
- College of Engineering; Beijing lab for food quality and safety; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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7
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An On-Line Oxygen Forecasting System for Waterless Live Transportation of Flatfish Based on Feature Clustering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Spatial Variability in Condition of Southern Rock Lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) at the Start of the Tasmanian Fishing Season. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166343. [PMID: 27846289 PMCID: PMC5112911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) industry in Australia favours red lobsters, which are usually caught in shallow waters, over paler (brindle) lobsters. This preference is driven partly by the Chinese market, where red is associated with luck and prosperity, and additionally, by the widely held perception within the industry that brindles have greater mortality rates during out of water transport than reds. Limited scientific evidence supports these industry observations; however, these studies did not evaluate the initial condition of lobsters. This study aimed first, to determine which variables better describe condition in J. edwardsii and second, to compare condition among lobsters in several sites around Tasmania at the typical time of high transport mortality. Male lobsters were collected from the South West, South East, East and North coast of Tasmania in late November/December 2014, which correspond to the start of the Tasmanian fishing season. A comprehensive condition assessment was applied by measuring tissue proximal composition, Brix index, Total Haemocyte Count, pH, haemocyanin and another 16 haemolymph parameters of interest. A useful framework to compare condition in J. edwardsii was established by first, using Brix index as a measure of nutritional condition, second, using pH, magnesium, and bicarbonate to evaluate differences in physiological condition and finally, using THC counts as a proxy for lobster health condition. Lobsters from different sites had different nutritional, physiological and health condition, consistent with industry observations, however our results indicate that some red shallow water lobsters exhibited poorer nutritional and health condition, while some deep water brindle lobsters were in good condition. Differences in condition could not be directly associated to catch depth of lobsters and was related to other spatially discrete factors which sometimes vary over distances <3 km.
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Simon CJ, Mendo TC, Green BS, Gardner C. Predicting transport survival of brindle and red rock lobsters Jasus edwardsii using haemolymph biochemistry and behaviour traits. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lu Y, Zhang D, Wang F, Dong S. Hypothermal effects on survival, energy homeostasis and expression of energy-related genes of swimming crabs Portunus trituberculatus during air exposure. J Therm Biol 2016; 60:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Maciel FE, Geihs MA, Cruz BP, Vargas MA, Allodi S, Marins LF, Nery LEM. Melatonin as a signaling molecule for metabolism regulation in response to hypoxia in the crab Neohelice granulata. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22405-20. [PMID: 25486055 PMCID: PMC4284716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been identified in a variety of crustacean species, but its function is not as well understood as in vertebrates. The present study investigates whether melatonin has an effect on crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) gene expression, oxygen consumption (VO2) and circulating glucose and lactate levels, in response to different dissolved-oxygen concentrations, in the crab Neohelice granulata, as well as whether these possible effects are eyestalk- or receptor-dependent. Melatonin decreased CHH expression in crabs exposed for 45 min to 6 (2, 200 or 20,000 pmol·crab−1) or 2 mgO2·L−1 (200 pmol·crab−1). Since luzindole (200 nmol·crab−1) did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the melatonin effect, its action does not seem to be mediated by vertebrate-typical MT1 and MT2 receptors. Melatonin (200 pmol·crab−1) increased the levels of glucose and lactate in crabs exposed to 6 mgO2·L−1, and luzindole (200 nmol·crab−1) decreased this effect, indicating that melatonin receptors are involved in hyperglycemia and lactemia. Melatonin showed no effect on VO2. Interestingly, in vitro incubation of eyestalk ganglia for 45 min at 0.7 mgO2·L−1 significantly (p < 0.05) increased melatonin production in this organ. In addition, injections of melatonin significantly increased the levels of circulating melatonin in crabs exposed for 45 min to 6 (200 or 20,000 pmol·crab−1), 2 (200 and 20,000 pmol·crab−1) and 0.7 (200 or 20,000 pmol·crab−1) mgO2·L−1. Therefore, melatonin seems to have an effect on the metabolism of N. granulata. This molecule inhibited the gene expression of CHH and caused an eyestalk- and receptor-dependent hyperglycemia, which suggests that melatonin may have a signaling role in metabolic regulation in this crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Everton Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-300 Rio Grande, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Alberto Geihs
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-300 Rio Grande, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Pinto Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-300 Rio Grande, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Alves Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-300 Rio Grande, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luis Fernando Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-300 Rio Grande, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas-Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-300 Rio Grande, Brazil.
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12
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Temperature effects on metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory physiology of the spiny rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) during rest, emersion and recovery. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:437-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Urbina MA, Paschke K, Gebauer P, Cumillaf JP, Rosas C. Physiological responses of the southern king crab, Lithodes santolla (Decapoda: Lithodidae), to aerial exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 166:538-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Celi M, Filiciotto F, Parrinello D, Buscaino G, Damiano MA, Cuttitta A, D'Angelo S, Mazzola S, Vazzana M. Physiological and agonistic behavioural response of Procambarus clarkii to an acoustic stimulus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 216:709-18. [PMID: 23125346 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.078865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of an acoustic stimulus on the haemolymph and agonistic behaviour of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. The experiment was conducted in a tank equipped with a video recording system using six groups (three control and three test groups) of five adult crayfish (30 specimens in total). After 1 h of habituation, the behaviour of the crayfish was monitored for 2 h. During the second hour, the animals in the test groups were exposed to a linear sweep (frequency range 0.1-25 kHz; peak amplitude 148 dB(rms) re. 1 μPa at 12 kHz) acoustic stimulus for 30 min. Exposure to the noise produced significant variations in haemato-immunological parameters as well as a reduction in agonistic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Celi
- Laboratory of Marine Immunobiology, Department of Environmental Biology and Biodiversity, Division of Animal Biology and Anthropology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Fotedar S, Evans L. Health management during handling and live transport of crustaceans: A review. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 106:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Malev O, Srut M, Maguire I, Stambuk A, Ferrero EA, Lorenzon S, Klobucar GIV. Genotoxic, physiological and immunological effects caused by temperature increase, air exposure or food deprivation in freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:433-43. [PMID: 20667483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate influence of different environmental stressors, such as temperature increase, air exposure and food deprivation on DNA integrity of a bioindicator species, freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. DNA damage was measured in crayfish haemocytes using Comet assay and micronucleus test. Crayfish haemolymph was subsequentially sampled during their 7 days of exposure to increased temperatures (25 and 30 degrees C) and during 24 h of air exposure. Both groups were also monitored through the following 7 days of recovery period. Food deprived crayfish were monitored over a period of 2 weeks. Alterations of measured physiological and immunological haemolymph parameters (THC, lactate, glucose and protein concentration) indicated stress response in exposed crayfish. However, only the stress induced by increased temperature significantly increased DNA damage in freshwater crayfish while food deprivation or air exposure did not cause a significant genotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malev
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Rozna Dolina, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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18
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McGaw IJ, Curtis DL, Ede JD, Ong KJ, van Breukelen F, Goss GG. Physiological responses of postprandial red rock crabs (Cancer productus) during emersion. CAN J ZOOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/z09-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physiological responses of unfed and postprandial red rock crabs ( Cancer productus J.W. Randal, 1840) were investigated during periods of emersion. During aerial exposure, oxygen uptake quickly fell to very low levels and was no longer detectable in the haemolymph after 12 h. The resulting anaerobic respiration led to a build up in lactic acid and the resulting acidosis was more pronounced in the postprandial crabs. There was also a concomitant rise in PCO2and CCO2, and in both cases these were higher in postprandial animals. Higher ammonia levels in postprandial crabs showed that cellular activities were still proceeding anaerobically, suggesting that although crabs can delay mechanical digestion during emersion, once intracellular digestion occurs they may be committed to these processes. Increased mortality rates of postprandial animals were probably due to a combination of the high lactate and CO2levels coupled with an increased ammonia concentration. For C. productus stranded in the intertidal zone there may be little effect of feeding, as they are only exposed for short periods and recovery occurs during re-immersion. The crabs are more likely to become moribund and death ensue during longer term exposure such as commercial live shipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. J. McGaw
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - D. L. Curtis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - J. D. Ede
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - K. J. Ong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - F. van Breukelen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - G. G. Goss
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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Lorenzon S, Giulianini PG, Martinis M, Ferrero EA. Stress effect of different temperatures and air exposure during transport on physiological profiles in the American lobster Homarus americanus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:94-102. [PMID: 17293143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Homarus americanus is an important commercial species that can survive 2-3 days out of water if kept cool and humid. Once caught for commercial purpose and shipped around the world, a lobster is likely to be subjected to a number of stressors, including emersion and air exposure, hypoxia, temperature changes and handling. This study focused on the effect of transport stress and specifically at different animal body temperature (6 and 15 degrees C) and air exposure during commercial transport and recovery process in water. Animals were monitored, by hemolymph bleeding, at different times: 0 h (arrival time at plant) 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 96 h after immersion in the stocking tank with a water temperature of 6.5+/-1.5 degrees C. We analysed the effects by testing some physiological variables of the hemolymph: glucose, cHH, lactate, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, chloride and calcium concentration, pH and density. All these variables appeared to be influenced negatively by high temperature both in average of alteration from the physiological value and in recovering time. Blood glucose, lactate, total protein, cholesterol were significantly higher in the group with high body temperature compared to those with low temperature until 96 h after immersion in the recovery tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lorenzon
- Department of Biological Oceanography, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, via A. Piccard 54, I-34010 S. Croce, Trieste, Italy
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Morris S, van Aardt WJ, Ahern MD. The effect of lead on the metabolic and energetic status of the Yabby, Cherax destructor, during environmental hypoxia. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 75:16-31. [PMID: 16083977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The concomitant effects of Pb and hypoxia on respiration and muscle energy status were examined in the freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor to determine if Pb intoxication exacerbated the effects of hypoxia. C. destructor, either intoxicated for 14 days with 0.5 mgL(-1)Pb, or from Pb-free control conditions, were subjected to progressive hypoxia at -2.7 kPah(-1) to a O2 partial pressure in the water (PwO2) of 1.33 kPa. This hypoxia was then sustained for 3 h. Pb-exposure reduced O2-uptake (MO2) at all PwO2 above 1.33 kPa but without any saving in ventilation, implying that Pb either unlinked ventilation from actual O2 requirements or rendered O2 transfer across the gill less efficient. Hypoxia alone induced no change in the adenylate energy charge (AEC), total adenylate (TAN), ATP/ADP ratio or in the equilibrium constant for adenylate kinase K'(ADEN), apparently due to protection of ATP levels by arginine phosphate. Under maximal hypoxia (PwO2=1.33 kPa) the Pb-exposed crayfish increased muscle ADP by 73% (tail) and 158% (chelae) but without any change in AMP, ATP or TAN. Thus, AEC declined (chelae AEC=0.71; tail AEC=0.85), as did the ATP/ADP ratio and K'(ADEN). L-Lactate increased in the muscle tissues of control but not Pb-exposed crayfish, consistent with a lowered O2 requirement in the Pb-exposed animals. The Pb intoxication slowed respiration and probably glycolysis, possibly altering the [ATP]:[ADP] equilibrium concentrations for adenylate kinase K'(AK). Lowered MO2 during severe hypoxia slows oxidative phosphorylation and ADP accumulation could occur as non-utilised substrate and may reflect a transient disequilibrium. During this time ATP levels were protected by arginine phosphate. AEC is sensitive to Pb in hypoxic crayfish but the changes have low importance for the energetic competence of the crayfish. During sustained hypoxia the crayfish recovered their energy status regardless of the Pb-exposure and this was, therefore, not a feature of Pb intoxication. Consequently, the ADP was recovered into the ATP pool of the hypoxic crayfish, and demand on arginine phosphate relieved. The Pb exposure did not otherwise exacerbate the effect of sustained hypoxia and C. destructor appeared to cope well with Pb intoxication, apparently by a specific Pb-induced hypometabolism separate from hypoxic response. Lowered metabolism as a survival response has limitations in the longer term and the implications for crustaceans generally warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.
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Radford CA, Marsden ID, Davison W, Taylor HH. Haemolymph glucose concentrations of juvenile rock lobsters, Jasus edwardsii, feeding on different carbohydrate diets. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 140:241-9. [PMID: 15748865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial changes in haemolymph glucose concentration ([Glc]H) were measured in 4-day-fasted juvenile intermoult spiny lobsters, Jasus edwardsii, provided with meals composed of glycogen, maltose, sucrose, glucose, or fructose in a gelatine base, or with gels of the algal glycans agar, alginate and carrageenan. Baseline [Glc]H was 0.61+/-0.02 mmol L(-1). After consumption of glycogen, maltose or sucrose, [Glc]H approximately doubled, peaked after 3 h and returned to baseline between 12 and 24 h. Glucose and fructose meals were followed by periods of sustained hyperglycaemia lasting more than 24 h (peaking at approximately 2.5 times baseline at 6 and 3 h respectively). Suggested explanations for augmented hyperglycaemic responses to glucose and fructose are: 1) these monosaccharides by-passed contact digestion and absorption in the R-cells of the digestive gland, directing them away from storage and toward transepithelial scavenging routes; or 2) glucose and fructose directly elicited release of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone via a chemosensory reflex. Agar and alginate induced significant postprandial glycaemic responses, consistent with reports of carbohydrases in this species and indicating their potential for inclusion in artificial diets as both binders and energy sources. Carrageenan, a highly sulphated galactan, did not produce a glycaemic response. The measurement of glycaemic responses is a quick method of obtaining nutritional information on carbohydrates considered for inclusion in formulated diets prior to lengthy growth trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Radford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Morris S, Adamczewska AM. Utilisation of glycogen, ATP and arginine phosphate in exercise and recovery in terrestrial red crabs, Gecarcoidea natalis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:813-25. [PMID: 12443937 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent locomotion by terrestrial crustaceans may under specific circumstances increase walking distance and may allow partial re-oxidization of anaerobic products, and replenishment of ATP and arginine phosphate. The Christmas Island red crab G. natalis undertakes a substantial breeding migration each year. The leg muscles of G. natalis subjected to bouts of 2.5 min walking and 2.5 min rest were severely anaerobic. Adenylate energy charge and the large arginine phosphate stores were greatly reduced. Walking for 4 min with pauses of only 1 min exacerbated the anaerobiosis and utilised 50% of the endogenous muscle glycogen. Post-exercise, the adenylate energy charge recovered before the arginine phosphate charge and a large and persistent hyperglycaemia accompanied the restoration of glycogen. Arginine phosphate functioned as a large, longer term, energy reservoir-almost as part of the adenylate pool. Gluconeogenesis is yet to be generally substantiated in decapod crustaceans but G. natalis appears to remove lactate slowly and to reincorporate exogenous glucose into muscle glycogen in the same time frame as lactate removal from the haemolymph. The 4:1 exercise/pause regimen facilitated access to energy stores and increased walking distance, and it allowed L-lactate and H(+) efflux from the muscle during pausing. These responses are similar to those of G. natalis in the field, except during the migration when walking was entirely aerobic. Determinations of adenylate, fuel and arginine phosphate reserves and usage during the migration are required together with more detailed behavioral analysis to resolve the dichotomy in metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Morris
- Morlab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, BS8 1UG, Bristol, UK.
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Speed SR, Baldwin J, Wong RJ, Wells RM. Metabolic characteristics of muscles in the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, and responses to emersion during simulated live transport. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 128:435-44. [PMID: 11250538 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(00)00340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic characteristics of five muscle groups in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii were examined in order to compare their anaerobic and oxidative capacities. Enzyme activities of phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were highest in abdominal muscles supporting anaerobic burst activity. Hexokinase, citrate synthase, and HOAD activities in the leg and antennal muscles indicated higher aerobic potential. Arginine kinase activities were high in all muscle groups indicating that muscle phosphagens are an important energy reserve. Arginine phosphate concentrations in 4th periopod and abdominal flexor muscle from lobsters sampled in the field were higher than any values from captive animals, and approximately five times those for ATP. Muscle lactates were high in captive animals. Responses to emersion during simulated live transport appear to exploit the capacity for functional anaerobiosis and further differentiated the muscle groups. Abdominal muscles were especially sensitive and after 24 h showed significant increases in lactate, glucose, ADP, and AMP. ATP levels appeared to be maintained by muscle phosphagens and raised doubts about the efficacy of the adenylate energy charge in evaluating the emersion response. Haemolymph glucose, lactic acid, and ammonia peaked after 24 h emersion and were largely restored following re-immersion. We propose that arginine phosphate concentrations in the 4th periopod are an appropriate index of metabolic stress, and could lead to improved commercial handling protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Speed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Morris S, Oliver S. Respiratory gas transport, haemocyanin function and acid–base balance in Jasus edwardsii during emersion and chilling: simulation studies of commercial shipping methods. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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