1
|
Jang I, Menon S, Indra I, Basith R, Beningo KA. Calpain Small Subunit Mediated Secretion of Galectin-3 Regulates Traction Stress. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1247. [PMID: 38927454 PMCID: PMC11200796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex regulation of traction forces (TF) produced during cellular migration remains poorly understood. We have previously found that calpain 4 (Capn4), the small non-catalytic subunit of the calpain 1 and 2 proteases, regulates the production of TF independent of the proteolytic activity of the larger subunits. Capn4 was later found to facilitate tyrosine phosphorylation and secretion of the lectin-binding protein galectin-3 (Gal3). In this study, recombinant Gal3 (rGal3) was added to the media-enhanced TF generated by capn4-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Extracellular Gal3 also rescued defects in the distribution, morphology, and adhesive strength of focal adhesions present in capn4-/- MEF cells. Surprisingly, extracellular Gal3 does not influence mechanosensing. c-Abl kinase was found to affect Gal3 secretion and the production of TF through phosphorylation of Y107 on Gal3. Our study also suggests that Gal3-mediated regulation of TF occurs through signaling pathways triggered by β1 integrin but not by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Y397 autophosphorylation. Our findings provide insights into the signaling mechanism by which Capn4 and secreted Gal3 regulate cell migration through the modulation of TF distinctly independent from a mechanosensing mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen A. Beningo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (I.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cunningham A, Brown M, Dresselhuis J, Robinson N, Hervie K, Cox ME, Mills J. Combination Effects of Integrin-linked Kinase and Abelson Kinase Inhibition on Aberrant Mitosis and Cell Death in Glioblastoma Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:906. [PMID: 37508338 PMCID: PMC10376030 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In cancer cells, inhibition of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) increases centrosome declustering causing mitotic arrest and cell death. Yet, not all cancer cells are susceptible to anti-ILK treatment alone. We investigate a combination drug strategy targeting ILK and another oncogenic kinase, Abelson kinase (ABL). Drug-concentration viability assays (i.e., MTT assays) indicate that ILK and ABL inhibitors in combination decreased the viability of glioblastoma cells over the ILK drug QLT-0267 alone. Combination strategies also increased aberrant mitoses and cell death over QLT-0267 alone. This was evident from an increase in mitotic arrest, apoptosis and a sub-G1 peak following FAC analysis. In vitro, ILK and ABL localized to the centrosome and the putative ILK kinase domain was important for this localization. Increased levels of cytosolic ABL are associated with its transformative abilities. ILK inhibitor effects on survival correlated with its ability to decrease cytosolic ABL levels and inhibit ABL's localization to mitotic centrosomes in glioblastoma cells. ILK inhibitor effects on ABL's centrosomal localization were reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (a drug that inhibits ABL degradation). These results indicate that ILK regulates ABL at mitotic centrosomes and that combination treatments targeting ILK and ABL are more effective then QLT-0267 alone at decreasing the survival of dividing glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Cunningham
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | - Maddisen Brown
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Robinson
- Vancouver Prostate Center and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Keni Hervie
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | - Michael E Cox
- Vancouver Prostate Center and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julia Mills
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Honda R, Tempaku Y, Sulidan K, Palmer HEF, Mashima K. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of PTP-PEST at Serine 39 is crucial for cell migration. J Biochem 2023; 173:73-84. [PMID: 36250939 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular details of the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST in cell migration. PTP-PEST knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (KO MEFs) and MEF cells expressing a dominant-negative mutant of PTP-PEST showed significant suppression of cell migration compared to MEF cells expressing wild-type PTP-PEST (WT MEFs). Moreover, MEF cells harbouring a constitutively active mutant of PTP-PEST (S39A MEFs) showed a marked decrease in cell migration. In addition, MEF cells with no PTP-PEST or little PTP activity rapidly adhered to fibronectin and made many focal adhesions compared to WT MEF cells. In contrast, S39A MEF cells showed weak adhesion to fibronectin and formed a few focal adhesions. Furthermore, investigating the subcellular localization showed that Ser39-phosphorylated PTP-PEST was favourably situated in the adherent area of the pseudopodia. Therefore, we propose that suppression of PTP-PEST enzyme activity due to Ser39-phosphorylation in pseudopodia and at the leading edge of migrating cells induces rapid and good adherence to the extracellular matrix. Thus, suppression of PTP activity by Ser39-phosphorylation is critical for cell migration. Three amino acid substitutions in human PTP-PEST have been previously reported to alter PTP activity. These amino acid substitutions in mouse PTP-PEST altered the migration of MEF cells in a positive correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reika Honda
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tempaku
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kaidiliayi Sulidan
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Helen E F Palmer
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mashima
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manso JA, Marcos T, Ruiz-Martín V, Casas J, Alcón P, Sánchez Crespo M, Bayón Y, de Pereda JM, Alonso A. PSTPIP1-LYP phosphatase interaction: structural basis and implications for autoinflammatory disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:131. [PMID: 35152348 PMCID: PMC8840930 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMutations in the adaptor protein PSTPIP1 cause a spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases, including PAPA and PAMI; however, the mechanism underlying these diseases remains unknown. Most of these mutations lie in PSTPIP1 F-BAR domain, which binds to LYP, a protein tyrosine phosphatase associated with arthritis and lupus. To shed light on the mechanism by which these mutations generate autoinflammatory disorders, we solved the structure of the F-BAR domain of PSTPIP1 alone and bound to the C-terminal homology segment of LYP, revealing a novel mechanism of recognition of Pro-rich motifs by proteins in which a single LYP molecule binds to the PSTPIP1 F-BAR dimer. The residues R228, D246, E250, and E257 of PSTPIP1 that are mutated in immunological diseases directly interact with LYP. These findings link the disruption of the PSTPIP1/LYP interaction to these diseases, and support a critical role for LYP phosphatase in their pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Manso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Tamara Marcos
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Martín
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Casas
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Alcón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Bayón
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José M de Pereda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrés Alonso
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, c/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang Z, Li X, Duan F, Song L, Wang Z, Li X, Yang P, Li L. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12), negatively regulated by miR-106a-5p, suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Cell 2021; 35:299-309. [PMID: 34784010 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) is abnormally expressed in many human cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is indeterminate. In this study, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were adopted to detect PTPN12 protein expression in HCC tissues and cell lines. MiR-106a-5p and PTPN12 mRNA expressions were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). siRNA was used to knockdown PTPN12 expression in HCC cells, and the multiplication, migration, and invasion of HCC cells were determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays. The interaction between PTPN12 and miR-106a-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In the present study, we demonstrated that PTPN12 expression in HCC tissues and cells was significantly decreased, which was associated with the tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis of HCC patients. Functionally, knocking down PTPN12 significantly promoted the multiplication, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. PTPN12 was identified as the direct target of miR-106a-5p, and its expression was negatively modulated by miR-106a-5p. Besides, PTPN12 counteracted the promoting effects of miR-106a-5p on the viability, migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells. In conclusion, this study substantiates that PTPN12 inhibits the growth, migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells, and miR-106a-5p contributes to its dysregulation in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinzheng Public People's Hospital, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, 451150, Henan, China
| | - Fei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Liming Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinzheng Public People's Hospital, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, 451150, Henan, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Pengsheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinzheng Public People's Hospital, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, 451150, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The state of F-BAR domains as membrane-bound oligomeric platforms. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:644-655. [PMID: 33888395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fes/Cip4 homology Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domains, like all BAR domains, are dimeric units that oligomerize and bind membranes. F-BAR domains are generally coupled to additional domains that function in protein binding or have enzymatic activity. Because of their crescent shape and ability to oligomerize, F-BAR domains have been traditionally viewed as membrane-deformation modules. However, multiple independent studies have provided no evidence that certain F-BAR domains are able to tubulate membrane. Instead, a growing body of literature featuring structural, biochemical, biophysical, and microscopy-based studies supports the idea that the F-BAR domain family can be unified only by their ability to form oligomeric assemblies on membranes to provide platforms for molecular assembly.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng P, Schmaier A. Ponatinib and other CML Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186556. [PMID: 32911643 PMCID: PMC7555546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abl1 kinase has important biological roles. The Bcr-Abl1 fusion protein creates undesired kinase activity and is pathogenic in 95% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 30% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Targeted therapies to these diseases are tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The extent of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor’s targets determines the degree of biologic effects of the agent that may influence the well-being of the patient. This fact is especially true with tyrosine kinase inhibitor effects on the cardiovascular system. Thirty-one percent of ponatinib-treated patients, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor with the broadest inhibitory spectrum, have thrombosis associated with its use. Recent experimental investigations have indicated the mechanisms of ponatinib-associated thrombosis. Further, an antidote to ponatinib is in development by re-purposing an FDA-approved medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Alvin Schmaier
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-368-0796; Fax: +1-216-368-3014
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Echarri A, Pavón DM, Sánchez S, García-García M, Calvo E, Huerta-López C, Velázquez-Carreras D, Viaris de Lesegno C, Ariotti N, Lázaro-Carrillo A, Strippoli R, De Sancho D, Alegre-Cebollada J, Lamaze C, Parton RG, Del Pozo MA. An Abl-FBP17 mechanosensing system couples local plasma membrane curvature and stress fiber remodeling during mechanoadaptation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5828. [PMID: 31862885 PMCID: PMC6925243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells remodel their structure in response to mechanical strain. However, how mechanical forces are translated into biochemical signals that coordinate the structural changes observed at the plasma membrane (PM) and the underlying cytoskeleton during mechanoadaptation is unclear. Here, we show that PM mechanoadaptation is controlled by a tension-sensing pathway composed of c-Abl tyrosine kinase and membrane curvature regulator FBP17. FBP17 is recruited to caveolae to induce the formation of caveolar rosettes. FBP17 deficient cells have reduced rosette density, lack PM tension buffering capacity under osmotic shock, and cannot adapt to mechanical strain. Mechanistically, tension is transduced to the FBP17 F-BAR domain by direct phosphorylation mediated by c-Abl, a mechanosensitive molecule. This modification inhibits FBP17 membrane bending activity and releases FBP17-controlled inhibition of mDia1-dependent stress fibers, favoring membrane adaptation to increased tension. This mechanoprotective mechanism adapts the cell to changes in mechanical tension by coupling PM and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Mechanical forces are sensed by cells and can alter plasma membrane properties, but biochemical changes underlying this are not clear. Here the authors show tension is sensed by c-Abl and FBP17, which couples changes in mechanical tension to remodelling of the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Echarri
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dácil M Pavón
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomics Unit, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Huerta-López
- Molecular Mechanics of the Cardiovascular System Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Velázquez-Carreras
- Molecular Mechanics of the Cardiovascular System Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Viaris de Lesegno
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ana Lázaro-Carrillo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David De Sancho
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Alegre-Cebollada
- Molecular Mechanics of the Cardiovascular System Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,The Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu Y, Lv F, Kong M, Chen X, Duan Y, Chen X, Sun D, Fang M, Xu Y. A cAbl-MRTF-A Feedback Loop Contributes to Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:243. [PMID: 31681772 PMCID: PMC6805704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-differentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to myofibroblasts is a hallmark event in liver fibrosis. Previous studies have led to the discovery that myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) is a key regulator of HSC trans-differentiation or, activation. In the present study we investigated the interplay between MRTF-A and c-Abl (encoded by Abl1), a tyrosine kinase, in this process. We report that hepatic expression levels of c-Abl were down-regulated in MRTF-A knockout (KO) mice compared to wild type (WT) littermates in several different models of liver fibrosis. MRTF-A deficiency also resulted in c-Abl down-regulation in freshly isolated HSCs from the fibrotic livers of mice. MRTF-A knockdown or inhibition repressed c-Abl in cultured HSCs in vitro. Further analyses revealed that MRTF-A directly bound to the Abl1 promoter to activate transcription by interacting with Sp1. Reciprocally, pharmaceutical inhibition of c-Abl suppressed MRTF-A activity. Mechanistically, c-Abl activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which in turn phosphorylated MRTF-A and promoted MRTF-A nuclear trans-localization. In conclusion, our data suggest that a c-Abl-MRTF-A positive feedback loop contributes to HSC activation and liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weidemann SA, Sauer C, Luebke AM, Möller-Koop C, Steurer S, Hube-Magg C, Büscheck F, Höflmayer D, Tsourlakis MC, Clauditz TS, Simon R, Sauter G, Göbel C, Lebok P, Dum D, Fraune C, Kind S, Minner S, Izbicki J, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Burandt E, Haese A, Graefen M, Heumann A. High-level expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:944. [PMID: 31606028 PMCID: PMC6790047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 (PTPN12) is ubiquitously tyrosine phosphatase with tumor suppressive properties. METHODS PTPN12 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray with 13,660 clinical prostate cancer specimens. RESULTS PTPN12 staining was typically absent or weak in normal prostatic epithelium but seen in the majority of cancers, where staining was considered weak in 26.5%, moderate in 39.9%, and strong in 4.7%. High PTPN12 staining was associated with high pT category, high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, high Ki67 labeling index and early prostate specific antigen recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). PTPN12 staining was seen in 86.4% of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion positive but in only 58.4% of ERG negative cancers. Subset analyses discovered that all associations with unfavorable phenotype and prognosis were markedly stronger in ERG positive than in ERG negative cancers but still retained in the latter group. Multivariate analyses revealed an independent prognostic impact of high PTPN12 expression in all cancers and in the ERG negative subgroup and to a lesser extent also in ERG positive cancers. Comparison with 12 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions revealed that high PTPN12 expression was significantly associated with 10 of 12 deletions in ERG negative and with 7 of 12 deletions in ERG positive cancers (p < 0.05 each) indicating that PTPN12 overexpression parallels increased genomic instability in prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data identify PTPN12 as an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. PTPN12 analysis, either alone or in combination with other biomarkers might be of clinical utility in assessing prostate cancer aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sören A Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Asmus Heumann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee C, Rhee I. Important roles of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN12 in tumor progression. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Cai J, Huang S, Yi Y, Bao S. Downregulation of PTPN18 can inhibit proliferation and metastasis and promote apoptosis of endometrial cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:734-742. [PMID: 31034093 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the chief culprits threatening women's lives. Although numerous epidemiological experiments have been carried out into the aetiology of endometrial cancer, the cause of the disease has been unclear up to now. In recent years, PTPN18, a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) family predicted to be tumour suppressors or oncogenes, has been confirmed to participate in the occurrence and progression of many cancers. Few studies, however, have explained the role in the endometrial cancer. So, it caught our attention to explore if PTPN18 participates in and plays a regulatory role in the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of endometrial cancer. In our results, we found that PTPN18 was overexpressed in endometrial cancer tissue compared to paracancerous tissue by immunohistochemistry. Not only that, silencing of PTPN18 in endometrial cancer cell lines (HEC-1-A and HEC-1-B) can significantly impair proliferation detected by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry (FCM) analyses and inhibit the metastasis of endometrial cancer cells shown by the scratch test and the Transwell experiment. PTPN18 knockdown can promote the apoptosis of endometrial cancer. In addition, nude mice tumour formation assay confirmed the results in vivo. Although the exact function of PTPN18 in endometrial cancer is unclear, the targeted therapy drugs enhancing PTPN18 may be considered in the future treatment of endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Genetic Translational Medicine in Hainan Province, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Sizhe Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuping Yi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shan Bao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu Y, Taylor P, Andrade J, Ueberheide B, Shuch B, Glazer PM, Bindra RS, Moran MF, Linehan WM, Neel BG. Pathologic Oxidation of PTPN12 Underlies ABL1 Phosphorylation in Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6539-6548. [PMID: 30297534 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an inherited cancer syndrome associated with a highly aggressive form of type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). Germline inactivating alterations in fumarate hydratase (FH) cause HLRCC and result in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent work indicates that FH-/- PRCC cells have increased activation of ABL1, which promotes tumor growth, but how ABL1 is activated remains unclear. Given that oxidation can regulate protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) catalytic activity, inactivation of an ABL-directed PTP by ROS might account for ABL1 activation in this malignancy. Our group previously developed "q-oxPTPome," a method that globally monitors the oxidation of classical PTPs. In this study, we present a refined q-oxPTPome, increasing its sensitivity by >10×. Applying q-oxPTPome to FH-deficient cell models showed that multiple PTPs were either highly oxidized (including PTPN12) or overexpressed. Highly oxidized PTPs were those with relatively high sensitivity to exogenous H2O2. Most PTP oxidation in FH-deficient cells was reversible, although nearly 40% of PTPN13 was irreversibly oxidized to the sulfonic acid state. Using substrate-trapping mutants, we mapped PTPs to their putative substrates and found that only PTPN12 could target ABL1. Furthermore, knockdown experiments identified PTPN12 as the major ABL1 phosphatase, and overexpression of PTPN12 inhibited ABL1 phosphorylation and HLRCC cell growth. These results show that ROS-induced oxidation of PTPN12 accounts for ABL1 phosphorylation in HLRCC-associated PRCC, revealing a novel mechanism for inactivating a tumor suppressor gene product and establishing a direct link between pathologic PTP oxidation and neoplastic disease. SIGNIFICANCE: This work identifies a novel mechanism of activation of the oncogenic kinase ABL1 via ROS-induced, oxidation-mediated inactivation of cognate protein tyrosine phosphatases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul Taylor
- SPARC BioCentre and Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Joshua Andrade
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research and Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research and Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Brian Shuch
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael F Moran
- SPARC BioCentre and Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tripathi R, Liu Z, Plattner R. EnABLing Tumor Growth and Progression: Recent progress in unraveling the functions of ABL kinases in solid tumor cells. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 4:367-379. [PMID: 30746323 PMCID: PMC6368175 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to summarize our current knowledge regarding how ABL family kinases are activated in solid tumors and impact on solid tumor development/progression, with a focus on recent advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Although ABL kinases are known drivers of human leukemia, emerging data also implicates the kinases in a large number of solid tumor types where they promote diverse processes such as proliferation, survival, cytoskeletal reorganization, cellular polarity, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal-transition), metabolic reprogramming, migration, invasion and metastasis via unique signaling pathways. ABL1 and ABL2 appear to have overlapping but also unique roles in driving these processes. In some tumor types, the kinases may act to integrate pro- and anti-proliferative and -invasive signals, and also may serve as a switch during EMT/MET (mesenchymal-epithelial) transitions. CONCLUSIONS Most data indicate that targeting ABL kinases may be effective for reducing tumor growth and preventing metastasis; however, ABL kinases also may have a tumor suppressive role in some tumor types and in some cellular contexts. Understanding the functions of ABL kinases in solid tumors is critical for developing successful clinical trials aimed at targeting ABL kinases for the treatment of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakshamani Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Zulong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Rina Plattner
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mistry P, Carmona-Rivera C, Ombrello AK, Hoffmann P, Seto NL, Jones A, Stone DL, Naz F, Carlucci P, Dell'Orso S, Gutierrez-Cruz G, Sun HW, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I, Kaplan MJ. Dysregulated neutrophil responses and neutrophil extracellular trap formation and degradation in PAPA syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1825-1833. [PMID: 30131320 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) syndrome is characterised by flares of sterile arthritis with neutrophil infiltrate and the overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1β. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential role of neutrophil subsets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in the pathogenesis of PAPA. METHODS Neutrophils and low-density granulocytes (LDG) were quantified by flow cytometry. Circulating NETs were measured by ELISA and PAPA serum was tested for the ability to degrade NETs. The capacity of NETs from PAPA neutrophils to activate macrophages was assessed. Skin biopsies were analysed for NETs and neutrophil gene signatures. RESULTS Circulating LDGs are elevated in PAPA subjects. PAPA neutrophils and LDGs display enhanced NET formation compared with control neutrophils. PAPA sera exhibit impaired NET degradation and this is corrected with exogenous DNase1. Recombinant human IL-1β induces NET formation in PAPA neutrophils but not healthy control neutrophils. NET formation in healthy control neutrophils is induced by PAPA serum and this effect is inhibited by the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra. NETs from PAPA neutrophils and LDGs stimulate IL-6 release in healthy control macrophages. NETs are detected in skin biopsies of patients with PAPA syndrome in association with increased tissue IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-17. Furthermore, LDG gene signatures are detected in PAPA skin. CONCLUSIONS PAPA syndrome is characterised by an imbalance of NET formation and degradation that may enhance the half-life of these structures in vivo, promoting inflammation. Anakinra ameliorates NET formation in PAPA and this finding supports a role for IL-1 signalling in exacerbated neutrophil responses in this disease. The study also highlights other inflammatory pathways potentially pathogenic in PAPA, including IL-17 and IL-6, and these results may help guide new therapeutic approaches in this severe and often treatment-refractory condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragnesh Mistry
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nickie L Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Jones
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Faiza Naz
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Carlucci
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gustavo Gutierrez-Cruz
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Janssen WJM, Grobarova V, Leleux J, Jongeneel L, van Gijn M, van Montfrans JM, Boes M. Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) controls immune synapse stability in human T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1947-1955. [PMID: 29432774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) is a cytosolic adaptor protein involved with T-cell activation, differentiation, and migration. On cognate T-cell contact, PSTPIP1 is recruited to surface-expressed CD2, where it regulates F-actin remodeling. An immune synapse (IS) is thereby rapidly formed, consisting of T-cell receptor clusters surrounded by a ring of adhesion molecules, including CD2. OBJECTIVE From genetic screening of patients with primary immunodeficiencies, we identified 2 mutations in PSTPIP1, R228C and T274M, which we further characterized in the primary patients' T cells. METHODS F-actin dynamics were assessed in primary T cells from the patients and control subjects by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. HEK293T and Jurkat cells were transfected with R228C, T274M, and wild-type PSTPIP1 to visualize F-actin in IS formation. CD2-PSTPIP1 association was quantified through immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS The patients presented with immunodeficiency without signs of autoinflammation. The patient with the R228C mutation had expansion of mostly naive phenotype T cells and few memory T cells; the patient with the T274M mutation had 75% reduction in CD4 T cells that were predominantly of the memory subset. We observed F-actin polymerization defects in T cells from both patients with PSTPIP1, most notably the patient with the T274M mutation. Capping of CD2-containing membrane microdomains was disrupted. Analysis of IS formation using Jurkat T-cell transfectants revealed a reduction in F-actin accumulation at the IS, again especially in cells from the patient with the T274M PSTPIP1 mutation. T cells from the patient with the T274M mutation migrated spontaneously at increased speed, as assessed in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix, whereas T-cell receptor cross-linking induced a significantly diminished calcium flux. CONCLUSIONS We propose that PSTPIP1 T-cell differentiation defects are caused by defective control of F-actin polymerization. A preactivated polymerized F-actin status, as seen in T cells from patients with the PSTPIP1 T274M mutation, appears particularly damaging. PSTPIP1 controls IS formation and cell adhesion through its function as an orchestrator of the F-actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn J M Janssen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Grobarova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jardin Leleux
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Jongeneel
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle van Gijn
- Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris M van Montfrans
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boettcher M, Tian R, Blau JA, Markegard E, Wagner RT, Wu D, Mo X, Biton A, Zaitlen N, Fu H, McCormick F, Kampmann M, McManus MT. Dual gene activation and knockout screen reveals directional dependencies in genetic networks. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:170-178. [PMID: 29334369 PMCID: PMC6072461 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the direction of information flow is essential for characterizing how genetic networks affect phenotypes. However, methods to find genetic interactions largely fail to reveal directional dependencies. We combine two orthogonal Cas9 proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus to carry out a dual screen in which one gene is activated while a second gene is deleted in the same cell. We analyse the quantitative effects of activation and knockout to calculate genetic interaction and directionality scores for each gene pair. Based on the results from over 100,000 perturbed gene pairs, we reconstruct a directional dependency network for human K562 leukemia cells and demonstrate how our approach allows the determination of directionality in activating genetic interactions. Our interaction network connects previously uncharacterised genes to well-studied pathways and identifies targets relevant for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boettcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James A Blau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Evan Markegard
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiulei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne Biton
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI, USR 3756 Institut Pasteur et CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Yang D, Ning S, Xu Y, Yang F, Yin R, Feng T, Han S, Guo L, Zhang P, Qu W, Guo R, Song C, Xiao P, Zhou C, Xu Z, Sun J, Yu X. Switching of the substrate specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatase N12 by cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 phosphorylation orchestrating 2 oncogenic pathways. FASEB J 2017; 32:73-82. [PMID: 28842430 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700418r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
- Second Hospital, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Duxiao Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Shanglei Ning
- Qilu Hospital and School of Life Science, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Cancer CenterFirst Hospital of Jilin University Jilin China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Rusha Yin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Taihu Feng
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Shouqing Han
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Lu Guo
- Second Hospital, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | - Wenjie Qu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Renbo Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative BiologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
| | | | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
| | - Jin‐Peng Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryShandong University School of Medicine, Shangdong University Jinan China
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationShangdong University Jinan China
- Department of PhysiologyShangdong University Jinan China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cugno M, Borghi A, Marzano AV. PAPA, PASH and PAPASH Syndromes: Pathophysiology, Presentation and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017; 18:555-562. [PMID: 28236224 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a neutrophilic dermatosis usually manifesting as skin ulcers with undermined erythematous-violaceous borders. It may be isolated, associated with systemic conditions or occurring in the context of autoinflammatory syndromes such as PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, PG and acne), PASH (PG, acne and suppurative hidradenitis) or PAPASH (pyogenic arthritis, acne, PG and suppurative hidradenitis). From a physiopathological point of view, all these conditions share common mechanisms consisting of over-activation of the innate immune system leading to increased production of the interleukin (IL)-1 family and 'sterile' neutrophil-rich cutaneous inflammation. From a genetic point of view, a number of mutations affecting the proteins of the inflammasome complex (the molecular platform responsible for triggering autoinflammation) or the proteins that regulate inflammasome function have been described in these disorders. As these debilitating entities are all associated with the over-expression of IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, biological drugs specifically targeting these cytokines are currently the most effective treatments but, given the emerging role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of these syndromes, IL-17 antagonists may represent the future management of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cugno
- Medicina Interna, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Via Pace, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Borghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelo V Marzano
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unità Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
As cells grow, move, and divide, they must reorganize and rearrange their membranes and cytoskeleton. The F-BAR protein family links cellular membranes with actin cytoskeletal rearrangements in processes including endocytosis, cytokinesis, and cell motility. Here we review emerging information on mechanisms of F-BAR domain oligomerization and membrane binding, and how these activities are coordinated with additional domains to accomplish scaffolding and signaling functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A McDonald
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar BS, Kumar PS, Sowgandhi N, Prajwal BM, Mohan A, Sarma KVS, Sarma PVGK. Identification of novel mutations in CD2BP1 gene in clinically proven rheumatoid arthritis patients of south India. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:404-12. [PMID: 27184502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyogenic Arthritis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, and Acne (PAPA syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant, auto-inflammatory disease that affects joints and skin. The disease results due to mutations in the cluster of differentiation 2 binding protein 1 (CD2BP1) gene on chromosome 15q24.3. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, genetically complex disease that affects the joints with occasional skin manifestations. Studies related to the pathophysiology of inflammation in these two disorders show a certain degree of overlap at genetic level. The present study was done to confirm the existence of such a genetic overlap between PAPA syndrome and RA in south Indian population. In the present study 100 patients who were clinically diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis and 100 apparently healthy controls were chosen and the 15 exons of CD2BP1 gene were PCR-amplified and sequenced. The sequence analysis showed that in exon 3 thirty eight patients revealed presence of novel heterozygous missense mutations p.Glu51Asp, p.Leu57Arg and p.Ala64Thr. In exons 6, 10 and 14 eight patients showed 44 novel missense mutations and two patients showed novel frame shift mutations p.(Met123_Leu416delinsThr) and p.(Thr337Profs*52) leading to truncated protein formation. Such mutations were not seen in controls. Further, the in silico analysis revealed the mutant CD2BP1 structure showed deletion of Cdc15 and SH3 domains when superimposed with the wild type CD2BP1 structure with variable RMSD values. Therefore, these structural variations in CD2BP1 gene due to the mutations could be one of the strongest reasons to demonstrate the involvement of these gene variations in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhattaram Siddhartha Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Pasupuleti Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Nannepaga Sowgandhi
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Bhattaram Manoj Prajwal
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Alladi Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li H, Yang F, Liu C, Xiao P, Xu Y, Liang Z, Liu C, Wang H, Wang W, Zheng W, Zhang W, Ma X, He D, Song X, Cui F, Xu Z, Yi F, Sun JP, Yu X. Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity of PTPN12. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1345-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
23
|
Shen H, McHale CM, Haider SI, Jung C, Zhang S, Smith MT, Zhang L. Identification of Genes That Modulate Susceptibility to Formaldehyde and Imatinib by Functional Genomic Screening in Human Haploid KBM7 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:10-22. [PMID: 27008852 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though current functional genomic screening systems are useful for investigating human susceptibility to chemical toxicity, they have limitations. Well-established, high-throughput yeast mutant screens identify only evolutionarily conserved processes. RNA interference can be applied in human cells but is limited by incomplete gene knockout and off-target effects. Human haploid cell screening is advantageous as it requires knockdown of only a single copy of each gene. A human haploid cell mutant library (KBM7-Mu), derived from a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient, was recently developed and has been used to identify genes that modulate sensitivity to infectious agents and pharmaceutical drugs. Here, we sought to improve the KBM7-Mu screening process to enable efficient screening of environmental chemicals. We developed a semi-solid medium based screening approach that cultures individual mutant colonies from chemically resistant cells, faster (by 2-3 weeks) and with less labor than the original liquid medium-based approach. As proof of principle, we identified genetic mutants that confer resistance to the carcinogen formaldehyde (FA, 12 genes, 18 hits) and the CML chemotherapeutic agent imatinib (6 genes, 13 hits). Validation experiments conducted on KBM7 mutants lacking each of the 18 genes confirmed resistance of 6 FA mutants (CTC1, FCRLA, GOT1, LPR5, M1AP, and MAP2K5) and 1 imatinib-resistant mutant (LYRM9). Despite the improvements to the method, it remains technically challenging to limit false positive findings. Nonetheless, our findings demonstrate the broad applicability of this optimized haploid approach to screen toxic chemicals to identify novel susceptibility genes and gain insight into potential mechanisms of toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Cliona M McHale
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Syed I Haider
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Cham Jung
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Susie Zhang
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Superfund Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Omenetti A, Carta S, Caorsi R, Finetti M, Marotto D, Lattanzi B, Jorini M, Delfino L, Penco F, Picco P, Buoncompagni A, Martini A, Rubartelli A, Gattorno M. Disease activity accounts for long-term efficacy of IL-1 blockers in pyogenic sterile arthritis pyoderma gangrenosum and severe acne syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1325-35. [PMID: 26989109 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a rationale for anti-IL-1 treatment in pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) by defining whether IL-1β secretion is enhanced; requires NLRP3; and correlates with proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1 mutations, disease activity and/or the clinical picture in PAPA. METHODS Monocytes were isolated from 13 patients and 35 healthy donors and studied at baseline and following activation. Secretion pattern of IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α was assessed in supernatants by ELISA. The NLRP3 requirement for IL-1β secretion was investigated by silencing technique in PAPA and healthy donor monocytes. Long-term follow-up (mean 26 months, range 4-38) was performed in five patients enrolled in an anti-IL-1 regimen. RESULTS IL-1β secretion in PAPA is increased, requires NLRP3 and correlates with disease activity. Patients with a history of osteoarticular flares release more IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared with those with predominant cutaneous recurrences. Monocytes from patients in anti-IL-1 treatment dramatically reduced IL-1β secretion after ex vivo activation, and long-term follow-up demonstrated decreased frequency of flares and normalization of acute phase reactants in all the patients. A straightforward correlation between genotype and IL-1β signalling was not observed suggesting that factors other than mutation itself may play a role in regulating IL-1β secretion and response to treatment in PAPA. CONCLUSION PAPA patients with active lesions display increased NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion, and long-term efficacy of IL-1 blockade was demonstrated. Even if other mechanisms related to the complex proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1 protein networking might play additional roles, this study further supports the potential of IL-1 blockade as an effective therapeutic strategy in PAPA syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Omenetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infant Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa
| | - Sonia Carta
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro
| | - Roberta Caorsi
- Pediatrics II Unit and Laboratory of Immunology of Pediatric Rheumatology, G. Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Finetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infant Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa
| | | | - Bianca Lattanzi
- UO Pediatric Division, AOU Ospedali Riuniti 'Salesi Children's Hospital', Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Jorini
- UO Pediatric Division, AOU Ospedali Riuniti 'Salesi Children's Hospital', Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Delfino
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro
| | - Federica Penco
- Pediatrics II Unit and Laboratory of Immunology of Pediatric Rheumatology, G. Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Picco
- Pediatrics II Unit and Laboratory of Immunology of Pediatric Rheumatology, G. Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Buoncompagni
- Pediatrics II Unit and Laboratory of Immunology of Pediatric Rheumatology, G. Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Martini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infant Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Pediatrics II Unit and Laboratory of Immunology of Pediatric Rheumatology, G. Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro,
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Pediatrics II Unit and Laboratory of Immunology of Pediatric Rheumatology, G. Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Radha V. Use of Dominant-Negative/Substrate Trapping PTP Mutations to Search for PTP Interactors/Substrates. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1447:243-65. [PMID: 27514810 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3746-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues is the consequence of coordinated action of tyrosine kinases (TKs), and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Together, they regulate intermolecular interactions, subcellular localization, and activity of a variety of proteins. The level of total protein-associated tyrosine phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is only a small fraction of the total phosphorylation. PTPs, which have high specific activity compared to tyrosine kinases, play an important role in maintaining the tyrosine phosphorylation state of proteins and regulate signal transduction pathways and cellular responses. PTPs depend on specific invariant residues that enable binding to substrates phosphorylated at tyrosine and aid catalytic activity. Identification of PTP substrates has helped understand their role in distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Because of their high specific activity, the interaction between tyrosine phosphatases and their substrates is often very transient in the cellular context, and therefore identification of physiological substrates has been difficult. Single-site mutations in the enzymes stabilize interaction between the enzyme and its targets and have been used extensively to identify substrates. The mutations are either of the catalytic cysteine (Cys) residue or other invariant residues and have been classified as substrate-trapping mutants (STMs). These mutants often serve as dominant negatives that can inactivate effector functions of a specific PTP within cells. Considering their association with human disorders, inhibiting specific PTPs is important therapeutically. Since the catalytic domains are largely conserved, developing small-molecule inhibitors to a particular enzyme has proven difficult and therefore alternate strategies to block functions of individual enzymes are seriously being investigated. We provide a description of methods that will be useful to design strategies of using dominant-negative and substrate-trapping mutants for identifying novel interacting partners and substrates of PTPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vegesna Radha
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST are reversed by Akt in T cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2721-9. [PMID: 25152368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation is regulated by a balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation that is under the control of kinases and phosphatases. Here, we examined the role of a non-receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-PEST, using retrovirus-mediated gene transduction into murine T cells. Based on observations of vector markers (GFP or Thy1.1), exogenous PTP-PEST-positive CD4(+) T cells appeared within 2 days after gene transduction; the percentage of PTP-PEST-positive cells tended to decrease during a resting period in the presence of IL-2 over the next 2 days. These vector markers also showed much lower expression intensities, compared with control cells, suggesting a correlation between the percent reduction and the low marker expression intensity. A catalytically inactive PTP-PEST mutant also showed the same tendency, and stepwise deletion mutants gradually lost their ability to induce the above phenomenon. On the other hand, these PTP-PEST-transduced cells did not have an apoptotic phenotype. No difference in the total cell numbers was found in the wells of a culture plate containing VEC- and PTP-PEST-transduced T cells. Moreover, serine/threonine kinase Akt, but not the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, reversed the phenotype induced by PTP-PEST. We discuss the novel mechanism by which Akt interferes with PTP-PEST.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marcos T, Ruiz-Martín V, de la Puerta ML, Trinidad AG, Rodríguez MDC, de la Fuente MA, Sánchez Crespo M, Alonso A, Bayón Y. Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 inhibition of T-cell receptor signaling depends on its SH3 domain. FEBS J 2014; 281:3844-54. [PMID: 25040622 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) is an adaptor protein associated with the cytoskeleton that is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Mutations in PSTPIP1 cause the rare autoinflammatory disease called pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne. We carried out this study to further our knowledge on PSTPIP1 function in T cells, particularly in relation to the phosphatase lymphoid phosphatase (LYP), which is involved in several autoimmune diseases. LYP-PSTPIP1 binding occurs through the C-terminal homology domain of LYP and the F-BAR domain of PSTPIP1. PSTPIP1 inhibits T-cell activation upon T-cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 engagement, regardless of CD2 costimulation. This function of PSTPIP1 depends on the presence of an intact SH3 domain rather than on the F-BAR domain, indicating that ligands of the F-BAR domain, such as the PEST phosphatases LYP and PTP-PEST, are not critical for its negative regulatory role in TCR signaling. Additionally, PSTPIP1 mutations that cause the pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne syndrome do not affect PSTPIP1 function in T-cell activation through the TCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Marcos
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
The F-BAR protein PSTPIP1 controls extracellular matrix degradation and filopodia formation in macrophages. Blood 2014; 123:2703-14. [PMID: 24421327 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-516948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PSTPIP1 is a cytoskeletal adaptor and F-BAR protein that has been implicated in autoinflammatory disease, most notably in the PAPA syndrome: pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne. However, the mechanism by which PSTPIP1 regulates the actin cytoskeleton and contributes to disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that endogenous PSTPIP1 negatively regulates macrophage podosome organization and matrix degradation. We identify a novel PSTPIP1-R405C mutation in a patient presenting with aggressive pyoderma gangrenosum. Identification of this mutation reveals that PSTPIP1 regulates the balance of podosomes and filopodia in macrophages. The PSTPIP1-R405C mutation is in the SRC homology 3 (SH3) domain and impairs Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) binding, but it does not affect interaction with protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST. Accordingly, WASP inhibition reverses the elevated F-actin content, filopodia formation, and matrix degradation induced by PSTPIP1-R405C. Our results uncover a novel role for PSTPIP1 and WASP in orchestrating different types of actin-based protrusions. Our findings implicate the cytoskeletal regulatory functions of PSTPIP1 in the pathogenesis of pyoderma gangrenosum and suggest that the cytoskeleton is a rational target for therapeutic intervention in autoinflammatory disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Stephens RS, Servinsky LE, Rentsendorj O, Kolb TM, Pfeifer A, Pearse DB. Protein kinase G increases antioxidant function in lung microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the c-Abl tyrosine kinase. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C559-69. [PMID: 24401847 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00375.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidant injury contributes to acute lung injury (ALI). We previously reported that activation of protein kinase GI (PKGI) posttranscriptionally increased the key antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) and attenuated oxidant-induced cytotoxicity in mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (MLMVEC). The present studies tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant effect of PKGI is mediated via inhibition of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase. We found that activation of PKGI with the cGMP analog 8pCPT-cGMP inhibited c-Abl activity and decreased c-Abl expression in wild-type but not PKGI(-/-) MLMVEC. Treatment of wild-type MLMVEC with atrial natriuretic peptide also inhibited c-Abl activation. Moreover, treatment of MLMVEC with the c-Abl inhibitor imatinib increased catalase and GPx-1 protein in a posttranscriptional fashion. In imatinib-treated MLMVEC, there was no additional effect of 8pCPT-cGMP on catalase or GPx-1. The imatinib-induced increase in antioxidant proteins was associated with an increase in extracellular H2O2 scavenging by MLMVEC, attenuation of oxidant-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, and prevention of oxidant-induced endothelial cell death. Finally, in the isolated perfused lung, imatinib prevented oxidant-induced endothelial toxicity. We conclude that cGMP, through activation of PKGI, inhibits c-Abl, leading to increased key antioxidant enzymes and resistance to lung endothelial oxidant injury. Inhibition of c-Abl by active PKGI may be the downstream mechanism underlying PKGI-mediated antioxidant signaling. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may represent a novel therapeutic approach in oxidant-induced ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Stephens
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Greuber EK, Smith-Pearson P, Wang J, Pendergast AM. Role of ABL family kinases in cancer: from leukaemia to solid tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:559-71. [PMID: 23842646 PMCID: PMC3935732 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Abelson (ABL) family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, transduces diverse extracellular signals to protein networks that control proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. ABL1 was first identified as an oncogene required for the development of leukaemias initiated by retroviruses or chromosome translocations. The demonstration that small-molecule ABL kinase inhibitors could effectively treat chronic myeloid leukaemia opened the door to the era of targeted cancer therapies. Recent reports have uncovered roles for ABL kinases in solid tumours. Enhanced ABL expression and activation in some solid tumours, together with altered cell polarity, invasion or growth induced by activated ABL kinases, suggest that drugs targeting these kinases may be useful for treating selected solid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emileigh K Greuber
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, BOX 3813, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Taskiran EZ, Cetinkaya A, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Akkaya YZ, Yilmaz E. The effect of colchicine on pyrin and pyrin interacting proteins. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3536-46. [PMID: 22730186 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MEFV which encodes pyrin, cause familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common auto-inflammatory disease. Pyrin is believed to be a regulator of inflammation, though the nature of this regulatory activity remains to be identified. Prophylactic treatment with colchicine, a microtubule toxin, has had a remarkable effect on disease progression and outcome. It has been thought that, inhibition of microtubule polymerization is the main mechanism of action of colchicine. But, the exact cellular mechanism explaining the efficacy of colchicine in suppressing FMF attacks is still unclear. Given the ability of colchicine treatment to be considered as a differential diagnosis criteria of FMF, we hypothesized that colchicine may have a specific effect on pyrin and pyrin interacting proteins. This study showed that colchicine prevents reticulated fibrils formed by PSTPIP1 filaments and reduces ASC speck rates in transfected cells. We further noted that, colchicine down-regulates MEFV expression in THP-1 cells. We also observed that colchicine causes re-organization of actin cytoskeleton in THP-1 cells. Pyrin is an actin-binding protein that specifically localizes with polymerizing actin filaments. Thus, MEFV expression might be affected by re-organization of actin cytoskeleton. The data presented here reveal an important connection between colchicine and pyrin which might explain the remarkable efficacy of colchicine in preventing FMF attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekim Z Taskiran
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Although c-Abl and Arg non-receptor tyrosine kinases are well known for driving leukemia development, their role in solid tumors has not been appreciated until recently. Accumulating evidence now indicates that c-Abl and/or Arg are activated in some solid tumor cell lines via unique mechanisms that do not involve gene mutation/translocation, and c-Abl/Arg activation promotes matrix degradation, invasion, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and/or metastasis, depending on the tumor type. However, some data suggest that c-Abl also may suppress invasion, proliferation, and tumorigenesis in certain cell contexts. Thus, c-Abl/Arg may serve as molecular switches that suppress proliferation and invasion in response to some stimuli (e.g., ephrins) or when inactive/regulated, or as promote invasion and proliferation in response to other signals (e.g., activated growth factor receptors, loss of inhibitor expression), which induce sustained activation. Clearly, more data are required to determine the extent and prevalence of c-Abl/Arg activation in primary tumors and during progression, and additional animal studies are needed to substantiate in vitro findings. Furthermore, c-Abl/Arg inhibitors have been used in numerous solid tumor clinical trials; however, none of these trials were restricted to patients whose tumors expressed highly activated c-Abl/Arg (targeted trial). Targeted trials are critical for determining whether c-Abl/Arg inhibitors can be effective treatment options for patients whose tumors are driven by c-Abl/Arg.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zheng Y, Lu Z. Regulation of tumor cell migration by protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-proline-, glutamate-, serine-,and threonine-rich sequence (PEST). CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 32:75-83. [PMID: 23237212 PMCID: PMC3845610 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.012.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-proline-, glutamate-, serine-, and threonine-rich sequence (PEST) is ubiquitously expressed and is a critical regulator of cell adhesion and migration. PTP-PEST activity can be regulated transcriptionally via gene deletion or mutation in several types of human cancers or via post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, oxidation, and caspase-dependent cleavage. PTP-PEST interacts with and dephosphorylates cytoskeletal and focal adhesion-associated proteins. Dephosphorylation of PTP-PEST substrates regulates their enzymatic activities and/or their interaction with other proteins and plays an essential role in the tumor cell migration process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Non-MHC risk alleles in rheumatoid arthritis and in the syntenic chromosome regions of corresponding animal models. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:284751. [PMID: 23251214 PMCID: PMC3521484 DOI: 10.1155/2012/284751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the synovial joints. Numerous animal models show similarities to RA in humans; some of them not only mimic the clinical phenotypes but also demonstrate the involvement of homologous genomic regions in RA. This paper compares corresponding non-MHC genomic regions identified in rodent and human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To date, over 30 non-MHC RA-associated loci have been identified in humans, and over 100 arthritis-associated loci have been identified in rodent models of RA. The genomic regions associated with the disease are designated by the name(s) of the gene having the most frequent and consistent RA-associated SNPs or a function suggesting their involvement in inflammatory or autoimmune processes. Animal studies on rats and mice preferentially have used single sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers to identify disease-associated qualitative and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the genome of F2 hybrids of arthritis-susceptible and arthritis-resistant rodent strains. Mouse GWAS appear to be far ahead of rat studies, and significantly more mouse QTLs correspond to human RA risk alleles.
Collapse
|
35
|
The tyrosine phosphatase TC48 interacts with and inactivates the oncogenic fusion protein BCR-Abl but not cellular Abl. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:275-84. [PMID: 23124138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The chimeric oncoprotein BCR-Abl exhibits deregulated protein tyrosine kinase activity and is responsible for the pathogenesis of certain human leukemias, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia. The activities of cellular Abl (c-Abl) and BCR-Abl are stringently regulated and the cellular mechanisms involved in their inactivation are poorly understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatases can negatively regulate Abl mediated signaling by dephosphorylating the kinase and/or its substrates. This study investigated the ability of the intracellular T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP/PTPN2) to dephosphorylate and regulate the functions of BCR-Abl and c-Abl. TCPTP is expressed as two alternately spliced isoforms - TC48 and TC45, which differ in their C-termini and localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively. We show that TC48 dephosphorylates BCR-Abl but not c-Abl and inhibits its activity towards its substrate, CrkII. Y1127 and Y1294 residues whose phosphorylation corresponds with BCR-Abl activation status were the primary sites targeted by TC48. Co-localization and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that TC48 interacted with BCR-Abl but not with c-Abl, and BCR domain was sufficient for interaction. TC48 expression resulted in the stabilization of Bcr-Abl protein dependent on its phosphatase activity. Inactivation of cellular TC48 in K562 cells by stable expression of a dominant negative catalytically inactive mutant TC48, enhanced proliferation. TC48 expressing K562 clones showed reduced proliferation and enhanced sensitivity to STI571 compared to control clones suggesting that TC48 can repress the growth of CML cells. This study identifies a novel cellular regulator that specifically inhibits the activity of oncogenic BCR-Abl but not that of the cellular Abl kinase.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sacco F, Perfetto L, Castagnoli L, Cesareni G. The human phosphatase interactome: An intricate family portrait. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2732-9. [PMID: 22626554 PMCID: PMC3437441 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The concerted activities of kinases and phosphatases modulate the phosphorylation levels of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in eukaryotic cells. Despite considerable effort, we are still missing a holistic picture representing, at a proteome level, the functional relationships between kinases, phosphatases and their substrates. Here we focus on phosphatases and we review and integrate the available information that helps to place the members of the protein phosphatase superfamilies into the human protein interaction network. In addition we show how protein interaction domains and motifs, either covalently linked to the phosphatase domain or in regulatory/adaptor subunits, play a prominent role in substrate selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sastry SK, Elferink LA. Checks and balances: interplay of RTKs and PTPs in cancer progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:435-40. [PMID: 21704606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, targeted therapies for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have shown initial promise in the clinical setting for the treatment of several tumors driven by these oncogenic signaling pathways. Unfortunately, clinical relapse due to acquired resistance to these molecular therapeutics is common. An improved understanding of how tumors bypass the inhibitory effects of RTK-targeted therapies has revealed a rich myriad of possible mechanisms for acquired resistance. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to either enhance or suppress RTK signaling. Recent studies suggest that the loss or gain of function of PTP's can significantly impinge on RTK signaling during tumor progression. Here we review the interplay between RTKs and PTPs as an emerging mechanism for acquired resistance to RTK-targeted therapies, that may aid in the design of improved therapies to prevent and overcome resistance in treatments for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita K Sastry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun T, Aceto N, Meerbrey KL, Kessler JD, Zhou C, Migliaccio I, Nguyen DX, Pavlova NN, Botero M, Huang J, Bernardi RJ, Schmitt E, Hu G, Li MZ, Dephoure N, Gygi SP, Rao M, Creighton CJ, Hilsenbeck SG, Shaw CA, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Wheeler DA, Osborne CK, Schiff R, Bentires-Alj M, Elledge SJ, Westbrook TF. Activation of multiple proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinases in breast cancer via loss of the PTPN12 phosphatase. Cell 2011; 144:703-18. [PMID: 21376233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Among breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most poorly understood and is refractory to current targeted therapies. Using a genetic screen, we identify the PTPN12 tyrosine phosphatase as a tumor suppressor in TNBC. PTPN12 potently suppresses mammary epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. PTPN12 is frequently compromised in human TNBCs, and we identify an upstream tumor-suppressor network that posttranscriptionally controls PTPN12. PTPN12 suppresses transformation by interacting with and inhibiting multiple oncogenic tyrosine kinases, including HER2 and EGFR. The tumorigenic and metastatic potential of PTPN12-deficient TNBC cells is severely impaired upon restoration of PTPN12 function or combined inhibition of PTPN12-regulated tyrosine kinases, suggesting that TNBCs are dependent on the proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinases constrained by PTPN12. Collectively, these data identify PTPN12 as a commonly inactivated tumor suppressor and provide a rationale for combinatorially targeting proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinases in TNBC and other cancers based on their profile of tyrosine-phosphatase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Verna & Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dovas A, Cox D. Signaling networks regulating leukocyte podosome dynamics and function. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1225-34. [PMID: 21342664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Podosomes are ventral adhesion structures prominent in cells of the myeloid lineage. A common aspect of these cells is that they are highly motile and must to traverse multiple tissue barriers in order to perform their functions. Recently podosomes have gathered attention from researchers as important cellular structures that can influence cell adhesion, motility and matrix remodeling. Adhesive and soluble ligands act via transmembrane receptors and propagate signals to the leukocyte cytoskeleton via small G proteins of the Rho family, tyrosine kinases and scaffold proteins and are able to induce podosome formation and rearrangements. Manipulation of the signals that regulate podosome formation and dynamics can therefore be a strategy to interfere with leukocyte functions in a multitude of pathological settings, such as infections, atherosclerosis and arthritis. Here, we review the major signaling molecules that act in the formation and regulation of podosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Smith EJ, Allantaz F, Bennett L, Zhang D, Gao X, Wood G, Kastner DL, Punaro M, Aksentijevich I, Pascual V, Wise CA. Clinical, Molecular, and Genetic Characteristics of PAPA Syndrome: A Review. Curr Genomics 2010; 11:519-27. [PMID: 21532836 PMCID: PMC3048314 DOI: 10.2174/138920210793175921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PAPA syndrome (Pyogenic Arthritis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, and Acne) is an autosomal dominant, hereditary auto-inflammatory disease arising from mutations in the PSTPIP1/CD2BP1 gene on chromosome 15q. These mutations produce a hyper-phosphorylated PSTPIP1 protein and alter its participation in activation of the "inflammasome" involved in interleukin-1 (IL-1β) production. Overproduction of IL-1β is a clear molecular feature of PAPA syndrome. Ongoing research is implicating other biochemical pathways that may be relevant to the distinct pyogenic inflammation of the skin and joints characteristic of this disease. This review summarizes the recent and rapidly accumulating knowledge on these molecular aspects of PAPA syndrome and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Smith
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas 75219
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2027, Australia
| | | | - Lynda Bennett
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas 75204
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas 75219
| | - Xiaochong Gao
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas 75219
| | - Geryl Wood
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas 75219
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Carol A Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas 75219
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
ABL-family proteins comprise one of the best conserved branches of the tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. This cassette is coupled to an actin-binding and -bundling domain, which makes ABL proteins capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Two vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. ABL1 includes nuclear localization signals and a DNA binding domain through which it mediates DNA damage-repair functions, whereas ABL2 has additional binding capacity for actin and for microtubules to enhance its cytoskeletal remodeling functions. Several types of posttranslational modifications control ABL catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and stability, with consequences for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ABL functions. Binding partners provide additional regulation of ABL catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and downstream signaling. Information on ABL regulatory mechanisms is being mined to provide new therapeutic strategies against hematopoietic malignancies caused by BCR-ABL1 and related leukemogenic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Colicelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Davidson D, Shi X, Zhong MC, Rhee I, Veillette A. The phosphatase PTP-PEST promotes secondary T cell responses by dephosphorylating the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2. Immunity 2010; 33:167-80. [PMID: 20727793 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PTP-PEST (encoded by Ptpn12) is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase belonging to the same family as LYP. LYP inhibits secondary T cell responses by suppressing Src family protein tyrosine kinases and is implicated in human autoimmunity. To determine the function of PTP-PEST in T cells, we generated mice with a conditionally deleted allele of Ptpn12. By removing PTP-PEST in T cells, we determined that PTP-PEST was not necessary for T cell development or primary responses. However, PTP-PEST was required for secondary T cell responses, anergy prevention, and autoimmunity induction. PTP-PEST specifically regulated the phosphorylation of Pyk2, a substrate of the Src family kinase Fyn. It also promoted the formation of T cell homoaggregates, which are known to enhance T cell activation. Thus, PTP-PEST controls Pyk2 activity and is a positive regulator of secondary T cell activation. These data illustrate the critical role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cell regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Matsumura T, Oyama M, Kozuka-Hata H, Ishikawa K, Inoue T, Muta T, Semba K, Inoue JI. Identification of BCAP-(L) as a negative regulator of the TLR signaling-induced production of IL-6 and IL-10 in macrophages by tyrosine phosphoproteomics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:265-70. [PMID: 20728433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages is essential for anti-pathogen responses such as cytokine production and antigen presentation. Although numerous reports suggest that protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are involved in cytokine induction in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS; TLR4 ligand) in macrophages, the PTK-mediated signal transduction pathway has yet to be analyzed in detail. Here, we carried out a comprehensive and quantitative dynamic tyrosine phosphoproteomic analysis on the TLR4-mediated host defense system in RAW264.7 macrophages using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). We determined the temporal profiles of 25 proteins based on SILAC-encoded peptide(s). Of these, we focused on the tyrosine phosphorylation of B-cell adaptor for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (BCAP) because the function of BCAP remains unknown in TLR signaling in macrophages. Furthermore, Bcap has two distinct transcripts, a full-length (Bcap-(L)) and an alternatively initiated or spliced (Bcap-(S)) mRNA, and little is known about the differential functions of the BCAP-(L) and BCAP-(S) proteins. Our study showed, for the first time, that RNAi-mediated selective depletion of BCAP-(L) enhanced IL-6 and IL-10 production but not TNF-α production in TLR ligand-stimulated macrophages. We propose that BCAP-(L) (but not BCAP-(S)) is a negative regulator of the TLR-mediated host defense system in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumura
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mitra A, Radha V. F-actin-binding domain of c-Abl regulates localized phosphorylation of C3G: role of C3G in c-Abl-mediated cell death. Oncogene 2010; 29:4528-42. [PMID: 20581864 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The c-Abl tyrosine kinase maintains cellular homeostasis through its ability to regulate apoptosis and actin dynamics. In vivo, c-Abl activity is stringently regulated and mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we identified the Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, C3G (RapGEF1), as a substrate and an effector of c-Abl-mediated functions. Ectopic expression of c-Abl in mammalian cell lines, known to induce apoptosis, resulted in phosphorylation of endogenous C3G on Y504 coincident with cell detachment and chromatin condensation. Phosphorylation of C3G coincided with restricted c-Abl activation in regions rich in actin, and was dependent on cellular F-actin dynamics. Unlike C3G or c-Abl, p-C3G was resistant to detergent extraction, suggesting its enhanced affinity for the cytoskeleton. Localized C3G phosphorylation and coincidence with cells undergoing cell death was dependent on F-actin-binding domain (FABD) of c-Abl. Activation of endogenous c-Abl by oxidative stress was associated with phosphorylation of cellular C3G on Y504. Inhibition of C3G expression and function using RNAi or dominant-negative approaches inhibited c-Abl-mediated cell death. These findings identify C3G as a novel target of c-Abl and also show that FABD of c-Abl is essential for regulation of its restricted activation to induce apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mitra
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Espejo R, Rengifo-Cam W, Schaller MD, Evers BM, Sastry SK. PTP-PEST controls motility, adherens junction assembly, and Rho GTPase activity in colon cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C454-63. [PMID: 20519451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00148.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An important step in carcinoma progression is loss of cell-cell adhesion leading to increased invasion and metastasis. We show here that the protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-PEST, is a critical regulator of cell-cell junction integrity and epithelial cell motility. Using colon carcinoma cells, we show that the expression level of PTP-PEST regulates cell motility. Either transient small interfering RNA or stable short hairpin RNA knockdown of PTP-PEST enhances haptotactic and chemotactic migration of KM12C colon carcinoma cells. Furthermore, KM12C cells with stably knocked down PTP-PEST exhibit a mesenchymal-like phenotype with prominent membrane ruffles and lamellae. In contrast, ectopic expression of PTP-PEST in KM20 or DLD-1 cells, which lack detectable endogenous PTP-PEST expression, suppresses haptotactic migration. Importantly, we find that PTP-PEST localizes in adherens junctions. Concomitant with enhanced motility, stable knockdown of PTP-PEST causes a disruption of cell-cell junctions. These effects are due to a defect in junctional assembly and not to a loss of E-cadherin expression. Adherens junction assembly is impaired following calcium switch in KM12C cells with stably knocked down PTP-PEST and is accompanied by an increase in the activity of Rac1 and a suppression of RhoA activity in response to cadherin engagement. Taken together, these results suggest that PTP-PEST functions as a suppressor of epithelial cell motility by controlling Rho GTPase activity and the assembly of adherens junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Espejo
- Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1074, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Carette JE, Guimaraes CP, Varadarajan M, Park AS, Wuethrich I, Godarova A, Kotecki M, Cochran BH, Spooner E, Ploegh HL, Brummelkamp TR. Haploid genetic screens in human cells identify host factors used by pathogens. Science 2009; 326:1231-5. [PMID: 19965467 DOI: 10.1126/science.1178955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function genetic screens in model organisms have elucidated numerous biological processes, but the diploid genome of mammalian cells has precluded large-scale gene disruption. We used insertional mutagenesis to develop a screening method to generate null alleles in a human cell line haploid for all chromosomes except chromosome 8. Using this approach, we identified host factors essential for infection with influenza and genes encoding important elements of the biosynthetic pathway of diphthamide, which are required for the cytotoxic effects of diphtheria toxin and exotoxin A. We also identified genes needed for the action of cytolethal distending toxin, including a cell-surface protein that interacts with the toxin. This approach has both conceptual and practical parallels with genetic approaches in haploid yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Carette
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakamura K, Palmer HEF, Ozawa T, Mashima K. Protein phosphatase 1alpha associates with protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST inducing dephosphorylation of phospho-serine 39. J Biochem 2009; 147:493-500. [PMID: 19919952 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST is expressed in a wide variety of several cell types and is an efficient regulator of cell adhesion, spreading and migration. PTP-PEST-associating molecules are important in elucidating the function of PTP-PEST. Herein, we have identified protein phosphatase 1alpha (PP1alpha) as a novel PTP-PEST binding protein, and then we aimed to determine how PP1alpha contributes to the phosphorylation at Ser39 of PTP-PEST, whose phosphorylation suppresses PTP-PEST enzymatic activity. The HEK 293 cells overexpressing exogenous PTP-PEST were stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and the phosphorylation of PTP-PEST at Ser39 was evaluated using an anti-phospho-Ser39 PTP-PEST specific antibody (anti-pS39-PEST Ab). It was demonstrated that the phosphorylation at Ser39 detected by anti-pS39-PEST Ab was dependent on TPA treatment and a significant inverse correlation between the PTP activity of PTP-PEST and anti-pS39-PEST Ab-immunoreactive band intensity. The phosphorylation of Ser39 was suppressed by co-transfection of a plasmid encoding wild-type PP1alpha, but not by that of the dominant-negative PP1alpha mutant. Furthermore, TPA-induced phosphorylation could take place in PTP-PEST catalytic domain, but the phosphorylation of PTP-PEST catalytic domain could not be abrogated by co-transfection of a plasmid expressing wild-type PP1alpha. In conclusion, PP1alpha associates with the non-catalytic domain of PTP-PEST and regulates PTP activity via dephosphorylation of phospho-Ser39.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Waite AL, Schaner P, Richards N, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Masters SL, Brydges SD, Fox M, Hong A, Yilmaz E, Kastner DL, Reinherz EL, Gumucio DL. Pyrin Modulates the Intracellular Distribution of PSTPIP1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6147. [PMID: 19584923 PMCID: PMC2702820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PSTPIP1 is a cytoskeleton-associated adaptor protein that links PEST-type phosphatases to their substrates. Mutations in PSTPIP1 cause PAPA syndrome (Pyogenic sterile Arthritis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, and Acne), an autoinflammatory disease. PSTPIP1 binds to pyrin and mutations in pyrin result in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a related autoinflammatory disorder. Since disease-associated mutations in PSTPIP1 enhance pyrin binding, PAPA syndrome and FMF are thought to share a common pathoetiology. The studies outlined here describe several new aspects of PSTPIP1 and pyrin biology. We document that PSTPIP1, which has homology to membrane-deforming BAR proteins, forms homodimers and generates membrane-associated filaments in native and transfected cells. An extended FCH (Fes-Cip4 homology) domain in PSTPIP1 is necessary and sufficient for its self-aggregation. We further show that the PSTPIP1 filament network is dependent upon an intact tubulin cytoskeleton and that the distribution of this network can be modulated by pyrin, indicating that this is a dynamic structure. Finally, we demonstrate that pyrin can recruit PSTPIP1 into aggregations (specks) of ASC, another pyrin binding protein. ASC specks are associated with inflammasome activity. PSTPIP1 molecules with PAPA-associated mutations are recruited by pyrin to ASC specks with particularly high efficiency, suggesting a unique mechanism underlying the robust inflammatory phenotype of PAPA syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Waite
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Philip Schaner
- Division of Radiology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Neil Richards
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Seth L. Masters
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susannah D. Brydges
- Genetics and Genomics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle Fox
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arthur Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Engin Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Daniel L. Kastner
- Genetics and Genomics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ellis L. Reinherz
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory of Immunology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deborah L. Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Veillette A, Rhee I, Souza CM, Davidson D. PEST family phosphatases in immunity, autoimmunity, and autoinflammatory disorders. Immunol Rev 2009; 228:312-24. [PMID: 19290936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The proline-, glutamic acid-, serine- and threonine-rich (PEST) family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) includes proline-enriched phosphatase (PEP)/lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), PTP-PEST, and PTP-hematopoietic stem cell fraction (HSCF). PEP/LYP is a potent inhibitor of T-cell activation, principally by suppressing the activity of Src family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). This function seems to be dependent, at least in part, on the ability of PEP to bind C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), a PTK also involved in inactivating Src kinases. Interestingly, a polymorphism of LYP in humans (R620W) is a significant risk factor for autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. The R620W mutation may be a 'gain-of-function' mutation. In non-hematopoietic cells, PTP-PEST is a critical regulator of adhesion and migration. This effect correlates with the aptitude of PTP-PEST to dephosphorylate cytoskeletal proteins such as Cas, focal adhesion associated-kinase (FAK), Pyk2, and PSTPIP. While not established, a similar function may also exist in immune cells. Additionally, overexpression studies provided an indication that PTP-PEST may be a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation. Interestingly, mutations in a PTP-PEST- and PTP-HSCF-interacting protein, PSTPIP1, were identified in humans with pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) syndrome and familial recurrent arthritis, two autoinflammatory diseases. These mutations abrogate the ability of PSTPIP1 to bind PTP-PEST and PTP-HSCF, suggesting that these two PTPs may be negative regulators of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
c-Abl is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase which is localized both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and is involved in the regulation of cell growth, survival and morphogenesis. Although c-Abl nuclear function has been extensively studied, recent data also indicate an important role in cytoplasmic signalling through mitogenic and adhesive receptors. Here, we review the mechanisms by which growth factors promote cytoplasmic c-Abl activation and signalling and its function in the induction of DNA synthesis, changes in cell morphology and receptor endocytosis. The importance of de-regulated c-Abl cytoplasmic signalling in solid tumours is also discussed.
Collapse
|