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Morstein J, Amatuni A, Shuster A, Kuttenlochner W, Ko T, Abegg D, Groll M, Adibekian A, Renata H, Trauner DH. Optical Control of Proteasomal Protein Degradation with a Photoswitchable Lipopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314791. [PMID: 38109686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photolipids have emerged as attractive tools for the optical control of lipid functions. They often contain an azobenzene photoswitch that imparts a cis double-bond upon irradiation. Herein, we present the application of photoswitching to a lipidated natural product, the potent proteasome inhibitor cepafungin I. Several azobenzene-containing lipids were attached to the cyclopeptide core, yielding photoswitchable derivatives. Most notably, PhotoCep4 exhibited a 10-fold higher cellular potency in its light-induced cis-form, matching the potency of natural cepafungin I. The length of the photolipid tail and distal positioning of the azobenzene photoswitch with respect to the macrocycle is critical for this activity. In a proteome-wide experiment, light-triggered PhotoCep4 modulation showed high overlap with constitutively active cepafungin I. The mode of action was studied using crystallography and revealed an identical binding of the cyclopeptide in comparison to cepafungin I, suggesting that differences in their cellular activity originate from switching the tail structure. The photopharmacological approach described herein could be applicable to many other natural products as lipid conjugation is common and often necessary for potent activity. Such lipids are often introduced late in synthetic routes, enabling facile chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA-94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
| | - Alexander Amatuni
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA-92037, USA
| | - Anton Shuster
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA-92037, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kuttenlochner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies, Chair of Biochemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tongil Ko
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Michael Groll
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies, Chair of Biochemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX-77005, USA
| | - Dirk H Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
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2
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Zhang L, Du Y, Qu Q, Zheng Q. Structure basis for recognition of plant Rpn10 by phytoplasma SAP05 in ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. iScience 2024; 27:108892. [PMID: 38322988 PMCID: PMC10844826 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Besides traditional ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation, thousands of eukaryotic proteins more than previously appreciated could undergo ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation (UbInPD). A pathogen-encoded effector protein SAP05 secreted by phytoplasma, could hijack hostage Rpn10 subunit of proteasome derived from Arabidopsis thaliana and target the degradation of GATA BINDING FACTOR (GATA) or SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors (TFs) without ubiquitin or additional proteasome shuttle factors. To explain how could SAP05 target the degradation bypassing the ubiquitin-dependent pathway, we have determined the crystal structure of the complex between Arabidopsis thaliana Rpn10 and Aster Yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma SAP05 or onion yellow phytoplasma SAP05, which showed a previously unknown recognition interface. Sequence alignment and structural biological evidence showed that this interaction is highly conserved in various SAP05 homologs, suggesting a general mode in plant infection. After docking the complex structure to the plant proteasome, SAP05 was near to the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) central pore and enough to submit substrate to degradation process, which suggested a molecular glue-like role to bridge TFs close to the ATPase central pore of proteasomes for the direct degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunxiang Du
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingyun Zheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Mao M, Qian Y, Zhang W, Zhou S, Wang Z, Chen X, Yang Y. Controlling protein stability with SULI, a highly sensitive tag for stabilization upon light induction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2172. [PMID: 37061509 PMCID: PMC10105765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics tools for precise temporal and spatial control of protein abundance are valuable in studying diverse complex biological processes. In the present study, we engineer a monomeric tag of stabilization upon light induction (SULI) for yeast and zebrafish based on a single light-oxygen-voltage domain from Neurospora crassa. Proteins of interest fused with SULI are stable upon light illumination but are readily degraded after transfer to dark conditions. SULI shows a high dynamic range and a high tolerance to fusion at different positions of the target protein. Further studies reveal that SULI-mediated degradation occurs through a lysine ubiquitination-independent proteasome pathway. We demonstrate the usefulness of SULI in controlling the cell cycle in yeast and regulating protein stability in zebrafish, respectively. Overall, our data indicate that SULI is a simple and robust tool to quantitatively and spatiotemporally modulate protein levels for biotechnological or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowei Mao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yajie Qian
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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MKRN1 Ubiquitylates p21 to Protect against Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9360339. [PMID: 34504644 PMCID: PMC8423574 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9360339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic intermittent hypoxia- (IH-) induced myocardial apoptosis is an established pathophysiological process resulting in a poor prognosis for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the role of makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1) in IH-induced myocardial apoptosis and elucidating its molecular activity. First, the GSE2271 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify the differentially expressed genes. Then, an SD rat model of IH, together with rat cardiomyocyte H9C2 and human cardiomyocyte AC16 IH models, was constructed. TUNEL, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to detect cell apoptosis. Dihydroethidium staining was conducted to analyze the concentration of reactive oxygen species. In addition, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the expression levels of MKRN1 and p21. The direct interaction between MKRN1 and p21 was determined using coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis. MKRN1 expression was found to be downregulated in IH rat myocardial tissues as well as in H9C2 and AC16 cells. Upregulated expression of MKRN1 in H9C2 and AC16 cells alleviated the IH-induced reactive oxygen species production and cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, MKRN1 promoted p21 protein ubiquitination and the proteasome pathway degradation to negatively regulate p21 expression. Thus, MKRN1 regulates p21 ubiquitination to prevent IH-induced myocardial apoptosis.
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Niu J, Gao RQ, Cui MT, Zhang CG, Li ST, Cheng S, Ding W. Suppression of TCAB1 expression induced cellular senescence by lessening proteasomal degradation of p21 in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33413389 PMCID: PMC7788802 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TCAB1, a.k.a. WRAP53β or WDR79, is an important molecule for the maintenance of Cajal bodies and critically involved in telomere elongation and DNA repair. Upregulation of TCAB1 were discovered in a variety types of cancers. However, the function of TCAB1 in tumor cell senescence remains absent. Methods The TCAB1 knockdown cell lines were constructed. The expression levels of TCAB1, p21, p16 and p53 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase was used to detect senescent cells. The ubiquitination of the p21 was analysed by immunoprecipitation and in vivo ubiquitination assay. TCGA databases were employed to perform in silico analyses for the mRNA expression of TCAB1, p21, p16 and p53. Results Here, we discovered that knockdown of TCAB1 induced rapid progression of cellular senescence in A549, H1299 and HeLa cells. In exploiting the mechanism underlining the role of TCAB1 on senescence, we found a significant increase of p21 at the protein levels upon TCAB1 depletion, whereas the p21 mRNA expression was not altered. We verified that TCAB1 knockdown was able to shunt p21 from proteasomal degradation by regulating the ubiquitination of p21. In rescue assays, it was demonstrated that decreasing the expression of p21 or increasing the expression of TCAB1 were able to attenuate the cellular senescence process induced by TCAB1 silencing. Conclusions This study revealed the importance of TCAB1 for its biological functions in the regulation of cell senescence. Our results will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of senescence in cancer cells, which could provide clues for designing novel strategies for developing effective treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Niu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qi Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Tian Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shen-Tao Li
- Central Facility of Biomedical Research, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shan Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 You'an Men West, Beijing, P. R. China.
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6
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Abstract
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The biological responses to dienone compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl
pharmacophore have been studied extensively. Despite their expected
general thiol reactivity, these compounds display considerable degrees
of tumor cell selectivity. Here we review in vitro and preclinical studies of dienone compounds including b-AP15, VLX1570,
RA-9, RA-190, EF24, HO-3867, and MCB-613. A common property of these
compounds is their targeting of the ubiquitin–proteasome system
(UPS), known to be essential for the viability of tumor cells. Gene
expression profiling experiments have shown induction of responses
characteristic of UPS inhibition, and experiments using cellular reporter
proteins have shown that proteasome inhibition is associated with
cell death. Other mechanisms of action such as reactivation of mutant
p53, stimulation of steroid receptor coactivators, and induction of
protein cross-linking have also been described. Although unsuitable
as biological probes due to widespread reactivity, dienone compounds
are cytotoxic to apoptosis-resistant tumor cells and show activity
in animal tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Gao X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu S, Liu J, Zhou X, Zhou L, Chen H, Pan L, Chen J, Wang D, Zhang Q, Shen S, Xiao Y, Wu Z, Cheng Y, Chen G, Kubra S, Qin J, Huang L, Zhang P, Wang C, Moses RE, Lonard DM, Malley BWO, Fares F, Zhang B, Li X, Li L, Xiao J. The REGγ inhibitor NIP30 increases sensitivity to chemotherapy in p53-deficient tumor cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3904. [PMID: 32764536 PMCID: PMC7413384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in chemotherapy is chemotherapy resistance in cells lacking p53. Here we demonstrate that NIP30, an inhibitor of the oncogenic REGγ-proteasome, attenuates cancer cell growth and sensitizes p53-compromised cells to chemotherapeutic agents. NIP30 acts by binding to REGγ via an evolutionarily-conserved serine-rich domain with 4-serine phosphorylation. We find the cyclin-dependent phosphatase CDC25A is a key regulator for NIP30 phosphorylation and modulation of REGγ activity during the cell cycle or after DNA damage. We validate CDC25A-NIP30-REGγ mediated regulation of the REGγ target protein p21 in vivo using p53-/- and p53/REGγ double-deficient mice. Moreover, Phosphor-NIP30 mimetics significantly increase the growth inhibitory effect of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Given that NIP30 is frequently mutated in the TCGA cancer database, our results provide insight into the regulatory pathway controlling the REGγ-proteasome in carcinogenesis and offer a novel approach to drug-resistant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- The Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- The Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 310036, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Prk, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xingli Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Linian Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Wang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shihui Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Syeda Kubra
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qin
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Chengdu Municipal Hospital, 610017, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O' Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fuad Fares
- Department of Human Biology. Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaotao Li
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Joint Research Center for Orthopedic Oncology, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Tokumoto T, Hossain MF, Jyoti MMS, Ali MH, Hossain MB, Acharjee M, Rezanujjaman M, Tokumoto M. Two-Step Mechanism of Cyclin B Degradation Initiated by Proteolytic Cleavage with the 26 S Proteasome in Fish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8924. [PMID: 32488101 PMCID: PMC7265292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To complete meiosis II, cyclin B is degraded in a short period by the inactivation of M-phase promoting factor (MPF). Previously, we showed that the destruction of cyclin B was initiated by the ubiquitin-independent proteolytic activity of the 26 S proteasome through an initial cut in the N-terminus of cyclin (at K57 in the case of goldfish cyclin B). We hypothesized that this cut allows cyclin to be ubiquitinated for further destruction by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, which leads to MPF inactivation. In this study, we aimed to identify the ubiquitination site for further degradation. The destruction of cyclin B point mutants in which lysine residues in a lysine-rich stretch following the cut site of cyclin B had been mutated was analyzed. All the lysine point mutants except K57R (a point mutant in which K57 was substituted with arginine) were susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by the 26 S proteasome. However, the degradation of the K77R and K7677R mutants in Xenopus egg extracts was significantly slower than the degradation of other mutants, and a 42 kDa truncated form of cyclin B was detected during the onset of the degradation of these mutants. The truncated form of recombinant cyclin B, an N-terminal truncated cyclin BΔ57 produced as cut by the 26 S proteasome, was not further cleaved by the 26 S proteasome but rather degraded in Xenopus egg extracts. The injection of the K57R, K77R and K7677R cyclin B proteins stopped cleavage in Xenopus embryos. From the results of a series of experiments, we concluded that cyclin B degradation involves a two-step mechanism initiated by initial ubiquitin-independent cleavage by the 26 S proteasome at lysine 57 followed by its ubiquitin-dependent destruction by the 26 S proteasome following ubiquitination at lysine 77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Biological Science Course, Graduate School of Science, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Oya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Md Forhad Hossain
- Biological Science Course, Graduate School of Science, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Oya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Maisum Sarwar Jyoti
- Biological Science Course, Graduate School of Science, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Oya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Hasan Ali
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Babul Hossain
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422, Japan
| | - Mrityunjoy Acharjee
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Rezanujjaman
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Mika Tokumoto
- CREST Research Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
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10
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Kors S, Geijtenbeek K, Reits E, Schipper-Krom S. Regulation of Proteasome Activity by (Post-)transcriptional Mechanisms. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:48. [PMID: 31380390 PMCID: PMC6646590 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and degradation are tightly controlled processes to ensure proper protein homeostasis. The proteasome is responsible for the degradation of the majority of intracellular proteins, which are often targeted for degradation via polyubiquitination. However, the degradation rate of proteins is also affected by the capacity of proteasomes to recognize and degrade these substrate proteins. This capacity is regulated by a variety of proteasome modulations including (1) changes in complex composition, (2) post-translational modifications, and (3) altered transcription of proteasomal subunits and activators. Various diseases are linked to proteasome modulation and altered proteasome function. A better understanding of these modulations may offer new perspectives for therapeutic intervention. Here we present an overview of these three proteasome modulating mechanisms to give better insight into the diversity of proteasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Kors
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijne Geijtenbeek
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Reits
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schipper-Krom
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Thr55 phosphorylation of p21 by MPK38/MELK ameliorates defects in glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:380. [PMID: 31097688 PMCID: PMC6522503 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Murine protein serine-threonine kinase 38 (MPK38)/maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase, has previously been shown to interact with p53 and to stimulate downstream signaling. p21, a downstream target of p53, is also known to be involved in adipocyte and obesity metabolism. However, little is known about the mechanism by which p21 mediates obesity-associated metabolic adaptation. Here, we identify MPK38 as an interacting partner of p21. p21 and MPK38 interacted through the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) binding region of p21 and the C-terminal domain of MPK38. MPK38 potentiated p21-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a kinase-dependent manner by inhibiting assembly of CDK2-cyclin E and CDK4-cyclin D complexes via induction of CDK2-p21 and CDK4-p21 complex formation and reductions in complex formation between p21 and its negative regulator mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), leading to p21 stabilization. MPK38 phosphorylated p21 at Thr55, stimulating its nuclear translocation, which resulted in greater association of p21 with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), preventing the PPARγ transactivation required for adipogenesis. Furthermore, restoration of p21 expression by adenoviral delivery in diet-induced obese mice ameliorated obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities in a MPK38 phosphorylation-dependent manner. These results suggest that MPK38 functions as a positive regulator of p21, regulating apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and metabolism during obesity.
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12
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Buneeva OA, Medvedev AE. [Ubiquitin-independent protein degradation in proteasomes]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 64:134-148. [PMID: 29723144 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186402134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteasomes are large supramolecular protein complexes present in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, where they perform targeted degradation of intracellular proteins. Until recently, it was generally accepted that prior proteolytic degradation in proteasomes the proteins had to be targeted by ubiquitination: the ATP-dependent addition of (typically four sequential) residues of the low-molecular ubiquitin protein, involving the ubiquitin-activating enzyme, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and ubiquitin ligase. The cytoplasm and nucleoplasm proteins labeled in this way are then digested in 26S proteasomes. However, in recent years it has become increasingly clear that using this route the cell eliminates only a part of unwanted proteins. Many proteins can be cleaved by the 20S proteasome in an ATP-independent manner and without previous ubiquitination. Ubiquitin-independent protein degradation in proteasomes is a relatively new area of studies of the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, recent data obtained in this direction already correct existing concepts about proteasomal degradation of proteins and its regulation. Ubiquitin-independent proteasome degradation needs the main structural precondition in proteins: the presence of unstructured regions in the amino acid sequences that provide interaction with the proteasome. Taking into consideration that in humans almost half of all genes encode proteins that contain a certain proportion of intrinsically disordered regions, it appears that the list of proteins undergoing ubiquitin-independent degradation will demonstrate further increase. Since 26S of proteasomes account for only 30% of the total proteasome content in mammalian cells, most of the proteasomes exist in the form of 20S complexes. The latter suggests that ubiquitin-independent proteolysis performed by the 20S proteasome is a natural process of removing damaged proteins from the cell and maintaining a constant level of intrinsically disordered proteins. In this case, the functional overload of proteasomes in aging and/or other types of pathological processes, if it is not accompanied by triggering more radical mechanisms for the elimination of damaged proteins, organelles and whole cells, has the most serious consequences for the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Nowakowska-Gołacka J, Sominka H, Sowa-Rogozińska N, Słomińska-Wojewódzka M. Toxins Utilize the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Degradation Pathway in Their Intoxication Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1307. [PMID: 30875878 PMCID: PMC6471375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacterial and plant AB-toxins are delivered by retrograde vesicular transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the enzymatically active A subunit is disassembled from the holotoxin and transported to the cytosol. In this process, toxins subvert the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. ERAD is an important part of cellular regulatory mechanism that targets misfolded proteins to the ER channels, prior to their retrotranslocation to the cytosol, ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by a protein-degrading complex, the proteasome. In this article, we present an overview of current understanding of the ERAD-dependent transport of AB-toxins to the cytosol. We describe important components of ERAD and discuss their significance for toxin transport. Toxin recognition and disassembly in the ER, transport through ER translocons and finally cytosolic events that instead of overall proteasomal degradation provide proper folding and cytotoxic activity of AB-toxins are discussed as well. We also comment on recent reports presenting medical applications for toxin transport through the ER channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowita Nowakowska-Gołacka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hanna Sominka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Natalia Sowa-Rogozińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Monika Słomińska-Wojewódzka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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14
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Fontana R, Ranieri M, La Mantia G, Vivo M. Dual Role of the Alternative Reading Frame ARF Protein in Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E87. [PMID: 30836703 PMCID: PMC6468759 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CDKN2a/ARF locus expresses two partially overlapping transcripts that encode two distinct proteins, namely p14ARF (p19Arf in mouse) and p16INK4a, which present no sequence identity. Initial data obtained in mice showed that both proteins are potent tumor suppressors. In line with a tumor-suppressive role, ARF-deficient mice develop lymphomas, sarcomas, and adenocarcinomas, with a median survival rate of one year of age. In humans, the importance of ARF inactivation in cancer is less clear whereas a more obvious role has been documented for p16INK4a. Indeed, many alterations in human tumors result in the elimination of the entire locus, while the majority of point mutations affect p16INK4a. Nevertheless, specific mutations of p14ARF have been described in different types of human cancers such as colorectal and gastric carcinomas, melanoma and glioblastoma. The activity of the tumor suppressor ARF has been shown to rely on both p53-dependent and independent functions. However, novel data collected in the last years has challenged the traditional and established role of this protein as a tumor suppressor. In particular, tumors retaining ARF expression evolve to metastatic and invasive phenotypes and in humans are associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, the recent evidence and the molecular mechanisms of a novel role played by ARF will be presented and discussed, both in pathological and physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michela Ranieri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Girolama La Mantia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Vivo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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15
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Moussa RS, Park KC, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Ironing out the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 in cancer: Novel iron chelating agents to target p21 expression and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:276-294. [PMID: 29572098 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) has become an important target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics with a number of Fe chelators entering human clinical trials for advanced and resistant cancer. An important aspect of the activity of these compounds is their multiple molecular targets, including those that play roles in arresting the cell cycle, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. At present, the exact mechanism by which Fe chelators regulate p21 expression remains unclear. However, recent studies indicate the ability of chelators to up-regulate p21 at the mRNA level was dependent on the chelator and cell-type investigated. Analysis of the p21 promoter identified that the Sp1-3-binding site played a significant role in the activation of p21 transcription by Fe chelators. Furthermore, there was increased Sp1/ER-α and Sp1/c-Jun complex formation in melanoma cells, suggesting these complexes were involved in p21 promoter activation. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the regulation of p21 expression in response to Fe chelator treatment in neoplastic cells will further clarify how these agents achieve their anti-tumor activity. It will also enhance our understanding of the complex roles p21 may play in neoplastic cells and lead to the development of more effective and specific anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan S Moussa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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16
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Kudriaeva A, Kuzina ES, Zubenko O, Smirnov IV, Belogurov A. Charge‐mediated proteasome targeting. FASEB J 2019; 33:6852-6866. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802237r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Kuzina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Oleg Zubenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Ivan V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazanRussian Federation
| | - Alexey Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- Department of Fundamental MedicineLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
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17
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Zhang S, Hu B, You Y, Yang Z, Liu L, Tang H, Bao W, Guan Y, Shen X. Sorting nexin 10 acts as a tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer through regulating chaperone mediated autophagy degradation of p21 Cip1/WAF1. Cancer Lett 2019; 419:116-127. [PMID: 29355659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) characterized by the selective degradation of target proteins has been linked with tumorigenesis in recent years. Here, we explored the function of sorting nexin 10 (SNX10), a protein involved in maintaining endosome/lysosome homeostasis, in mediating CMA activity and its impact on the progression of mouse inflammation-driven colorectal cancer. Our results revealed that SNX10 deficiency increased the activation of CMA by preventing the degradation of lysosomal LAMP-2A. In SNX10 KO cells, we disclosed that p21Cip1/WAF1, a master effector in various tumor suppressor pathways, is a substrate of CMA, and decrease of p21Cip1/WAF1 caused by SNX10-mediated CMA activation contributes to HCT116 cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, we found that SNX10 KO promoted tumorigenesis in the mouse colorectum which could be restored by SNX10 over-expression. Furthermore, SNX10 was remarkably down-regulated in human CRC tissues which showed the increased activity of CMA and decreased expression of p21Cip1/WAF1. These findings suggest that SNX10 acts as a tumor suppressor in the mouse colorectum and drives inflammation-associated colorectal cancer by a chaperone-mediated autophagy mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilian Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyun Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Cheng Y, Lu Y, Zhang D, Lian S, Liang H, Ye Y, Xie R, Li S, Chen J, Xue X, Xie J, Jia L. Metastatic cancer cells compensate for low energy supplies in hostile microenvironments with bioenergetic adaptation and metabolic reprogramming. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2590-2604. [PMID: 30280201 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-related mortalities, and the complex processes of metastasis remain the least understood aspect of cancer biology. Metabolic reprogramming is associated with cancer cell survival and metastasis in a hostile envi-ronment with a limited nutrient supply, such as solid tumors. Little is known regarding the differences of bioenergetic adaptation between primary tumor cells and metastatic tumor cells in unfavorable microenvironments; to clarify these differences, the present study aimed to compare metabolic reprogramming of primary tumor cells and metastatic tumor cells. SW620 metastatic tumor cells exhibited stronger bioenergetic adaptation in unfavorable conditions compared with SW480 primary tumor-derived cells, as determined by the sustained elevation of glycolysis and regulation of the cell cycle. This remarkable glycolytic ability of SW620 cells was associated with high expression levels of hexokinase (HK)1, HK2, glucose transporter type 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Compared with SW480 cells, the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was effectively inhibited in SW620 cells to sustain cell survival when there was a lack of energy. Furthermore, SW620 cells exhibited a stronger mesenchymal phenotype and stem cell characteristics compared with SW480 cells; CD133 and CD166 were highly expressed in SW620 cells, whereas expression was not detected in SW480 cells. These data may explain why metastatic cancer cells exhibit greater microenvironmental adaptability and survivability; specifically, this may be achieved by upregulating glycolysis, optimizing the cell cycle and reprogramming cell metabolism. The present study may provide a target metabolic pathway for cancer metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Cheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Shu Lian
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Ye
- Fujian Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Jiahang Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Xue
- Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
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19
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USP18 (UBP43) Abrogates p21-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00592-18. [PMID: 30068654 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00592-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The host intrinsic innate immune system drives antiviral defenses and viral restriction, which includes the production of soluble factors, such as type I and III interferon (IFN), and activation of restriction factors, including SAMHD1, a deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-specific ubiquitin-like protease 43 (USP18) abrogates IFN signaling pathways. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CIP1/WAF1), which is involved in the differentiation and maturation of monocytes, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in macrophages and dendritic cells. p21 inhibition of HIV-1 replication is thought to occur at the reverse transcription step, likely by suppressing cellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) biosynthesis and increasing the amount of antivirally active form of SAMHD1. SAMHD1 strongly inhibits HIV-1 replication in myeloid and resting CD4+ T cells. Here, we studied how USP18 influences HIV-1 replication in human myeloid THP-1 cells. We found that USP18 has the novel ability to inhibit the antiviral function of p21 in differentiated THP-1 cells. USP18 enhanced reverse transcription of HIV-1 by downregulating p21 expression and upregulating intracellular dNTP levels. p21 downregulation by USP18 was associated with the active form of SAMHD1, phosphorylated at T592. USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of USP18 increased p21 protein expression and blocked HIV-1 replication. Overall, we propose USP18 as a regulator of p21 antiviral function in differentiated myeloid THP-1 cells.IMPORTANCE Macrophages and dendritic cells are usually the first point of contact with pathogens, including lentiviruses. Host restriction factors, including SAMHD1, mediate the innate immune response against these viruses. However, HIV-1 has evolved to circumvent the innate immune response and establishes disseminated infection. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, which is involved in differentiation and maturation of monocytes, blocks HIV-1 replication at the reverse transcription step. p21 is thought to suppress key enzymes involved in dNTP biosynthesis and activates SAMHD1 antiviral function. We report here that the human USP18 protein is a novel factor potentially contributing to HIV replication by blocking the antiviral function of p21 in differentiated human myeloid cells. USP18 downregulates p21 protein expression, which correlates with upregulated intracellular dNTP levels and the antiviral inactive form of SAMHD1. Depletion of USP18 stabilizes p21 protein expression, which correlates with dephosphorylated SAMHD1 and a block to HIV-1 replication.
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20
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Demasi M, da Cunha FM. The physiological role of the free 20S proteasome in protein degradation: A critical review. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2948-2954. [PMID: 30297324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been almost three decades since the removal of oxidized proteins by the free 20S catalytic unit of the proteasome (20SPT) was proposed. Since then, experimental evidence suggesting a physiological role of proteolysis mediated by the free 20SPT has being gathered. SCOPE OF REVIEW Experimental data that favors the hypothesis of free 20SPT as playing a role in proteolysis are critically reviewed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Protein degradation by the proteasome may proceed through multiple proteasome complexes with different requirements though the unequivocal role of the free 20SPT in cellular proteolysis towards native or oxidized proteins remains to be demonstrated. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The biological significance of proteolysis mediated by the free 20SPT has been elusive since its discovery. The present review critically analyzes the available experimental data supporting the proteolytic role of the free or single capped 20SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Demasi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Buneeva OA, Medvedev AE. Ubiquitin-Independent Degradation of Proteins in Proteasomes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750818030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Huang J, Zeng B, Yang D, Sun J, Yin X, Lu M, Qiu Z, Peng W, Xiang T, Li H, Ren G. PSMD2 regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by modulating p21 and p27 proteasomal degradation. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:109-122. [PMID: 29777785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and UPS-associated proteins have been implicated in the development of many human malignancies. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of 797 UPS-related genes using HiSeq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified that PSMD2 was markedly upregulated in breast cancer. High PSMD2 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that transcriptome signatures involving proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were critically enriched in specimens with elevated PSMD2. Consistently, PSMD2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in vitro, as well as suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Rescue assays demonstrated that the cell cycle arrest caused by silencing PSMD2 partially resulted from increased p21 and/or p27. Mechanically, PSMD2 physically interacted with p21 and p27 and mediated their ubiquitin-proteasome degradation with the cooperation of USP14. Notably, intratumor injection of therapeutic PSMD2 small interfering RNA effectively delayed xenograft tumor growth accompanied by p21 and p27 upregulation. These data provide novel insight into the role of PSMD2 in breast cancer and suggest that PSMD2 may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pneumology Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beilei Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuedong Yin
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. Proteasome-mediated proteostasis: Novel medicinal and pharmacological strategies for diseases. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1916-1973. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Rajasthan; Rajasthan India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
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24
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Li Y, Huang J, Sun J, Xiang S, Yang D, Ying X, Lu M, Li H, Ren G. The transcription levels and prognostic values of seven proteasome alpha subunits in human cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4501-4519. [PMID: 27966459 PMCID: PMC5354849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome alpha subunits (PSMAs) have been shown to participate in the malignant progression of human cancers. However, the expression patterns and prognostic values of individual PSMAs remain elusive in most cancers. In the present study, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of seven PSMAs in different kinds of cancers using Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The prognostic significance of PSMAs was also determined by Kaplan-Meier Plotter and PrognScan databases. Combined with Oncomine and TCGA, the mRNA expression levels of PSMA1-7 were significantly upregulated in breast, lung, gastric, bladder and head and neck cancer compared with normal tissues. Moreover, only PSMA6 and PSMA5 were not overexpressed in colorectal and kidney cancer, respectively. In survival analyses based on Kaplan-Meier Plotter, PSMA1-7 showed significant prognostic values in breast, lung and gastric cancer. Furthermore, potential correlations between PSMAs and survival outcomes were also observed in ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and melanoma by Kaplan-Meier Plotter and PrognScan. These data indicated that PSMAs might serve as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for multiple human cancers. However, further studies are needed to explore the detailed biological functions and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shili Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuedong Ying
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Wang Z, Xia X, Yang X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wu D, Fang Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Qiu Y, Zhou X. A picorna-like virus suppresses the N-end rule pathway to inhibit apoptosis. eLife 2017; 6:30590. [PMID: 29231806 PMCID: PMC5739542 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-end rule pathway is an evolutionarily conserved proteolytic system that degrades proteins containing N-terminal degradation signals called N-degrons, and has emerged as a key regulator of various processes. Viruses manipulate diverse host pathways to facilitate viral replication and evade antiviral defenses. However, it remains unclear if viral infection has any impact on the N-end rule pathway. Here, using a picorna-like virus as a model, we found that viral infection promoted the accumulation of caspase-cleaved Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (DIAP1) by inducing the degradation of N-terminal amidohydrolase 1 (NTAN1), a key N-end rule component that identifies N-degron to initiate the process. The virus-induced NTAN1 degradation is independent of polyubiquitylation but dependent on proteasome. Furthermore, the virus-induced N-end rule pathway suppression inhibits apoptosis and benefits viral replication. Thus, our findings demonstrate that a virus can suppress the N-end rule pathway, and uncover a new mechanism for virus to evade apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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26
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells are sensitive to disturbances in protein homeostasis induced by proteasome deubiquitinase inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21115-21127. [PMID: 28423502 PMCID: PMC5400570 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-genotoxic nature of proteasome inhibition makes it an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of pediatric malignancies. We recently described the small molecule VLX1570 as an inhibitor of proteasome deubiquitinase (DUB) activity that induces proteotoxic stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. Here we show that acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are highly sensitive to treatment with VLX1570, resulting in the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteasome substrates and loss of cell viability. VLX1570 treatment increased the levels of a number of proteins, including the chaperone HSP70B', the oxidative stress marker heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the cell cycle regulator p21Cip1. Unexpectedly, polybiquitin accumulation was found to be uncoupled from ER stress in ALL cells. Thus, increased phosphorylation of eIF2α occurred only at supra-pharmacological VLX1570 concentrations and did not correlate with polybiquitin accumulation. Total cellular protein synthesis was found to decrease in the absence of eIF2α phosphorylation. Furthermore, ISRIB (Integrated Stress Response inhibitor) did not overcome the inhibition of protein synthesis. We finally show that VLX1570 can be combined with L-asparaginase for additive or synergistic antiproliferative effects on ALL cells. We conclude that ALL cells are highly sensitive to the proteasome DUB inhibitor VLX1570 suggesting a novel therapeutic option for this disease.
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27
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Hsieh HH, Chen YC, Jhan JR, Lin JJ. The serine protease inhibitor serpinB2 binds and stabilizes p21 in senescent cells. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3272-3281. [PMID: 28794016 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SerpinB2 is a serine protease inhibitor also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2). It has been well documented that serpinB2 is an inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Interestingly, serpinB2 levels are increased in senescent cells and serpinB2 is thus considered a senescence biomarker. In this study, by mimicking the elevated levels of serpinB2 in senescent cells, proliferating human fibroblasts were induced into senescence. Senescence induced by serpinB2 did not relate to its extracellular function, as inhibition of serpinB2 secretion, exogenous introduced serpinB2, or a serpinB2 mutant that failed to bind to its extracellular target uPA did not affect senescence. We also showed that serpinB2 is a direct downstream target of p53 that is activated by the DNA damage response pathway. Significantly, serpinB2 bound to and stabilized p21 to mediate senescence in a proteasome-independent manner, indicating that serpinB2 has a direct role in senescence. Thus, this study reveals a unique mechanism by which serpinB2 maintains senescence through stabilization of p21 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112
| | - Jing-Ru Jhan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112
| | - Jing-Jer Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112 .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan 100
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28
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Szymański P, Olszewska P, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Różalski A, Maszewska A, Markiewicz Ł, Cuchra M, Majsterek I. Novel tetrahydroacridine and cyclopentaquinoline derivatives with fluorobenzoic acid moiety induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells by activation of DNA damage signaling. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695011. [PMID: 28351316 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, indicating a necessity to develop more effective therapy. Acridine derivatives are potential anticancer agents due to their ability to intercalate DNA as well as inhibit enzymes involved in replication and transcription. Recently, we have evaluated anticancer activity of 32 novel acridine-based compounds. We found that the most effective were tetrahydroacridine and cyclopentaquinoline derivatives with fluorobenzoic acid containing eight and nine carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of compounds-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. All compounds activated Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase and phosphorylated histone H2A.X at Ser139 indicating DNA damage. Treatment of cells with the compounds increased phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 that regulate cell cycle as well as apoptosis. All compounds induced G0/1 cell cycle arrest by phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 at Tyr15 resulting in attenuation of the kinase activity. In addition, cyclopentaquinoline derivatives induced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, p21; however, tetrahydroacridine derivatives had no significant effect on p21. Moreover, all compounds decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential accompanied by increased expression of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2, suggesting activation of the mitochondrial pathway. All compounds also significantly attenuated the migration rates of lung cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest a central role of activation of DNA damage signaling in response to new acridine derivatives treatment to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells and provide support for their further development as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szymański
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paulina Olszewska
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
| | - Antoni Różalski
- 2 Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Maszewska
- 2 Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Markiewicz
- 3 Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magda Cuchra
- 3 Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- 3 Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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29
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Biswas K, Sarkar S, Du K, Brautigan DL, Abbas T, Larner JM. The E3 Ligase CHIP Mediates p21 Degradation to Maintain Radioresistance. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:651-659. [PMID: 28232384 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer resists radiotherapy, making it one of the deadliest forms of cancer. Here, we show that human lung cancer cell lines can be rendered sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR) by RNAi knockdown of C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP/STUB1), a U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets a number of stress-induced proteins. Mechanistically, ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, p21 protein, is reduced by CHIP knockdown, leading to enhanced senescence of cells in response to exposure to IR. Cellular senescence and sensitivity to IR is prevented by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the p21 gene (CDKN1A) in CHIP knockdown cells. Conversely, overexpression of CHIP potentiates p21 degradation and promotes greater radioresistance of lung cancer cells. In vitro and cell-based assays demonstrate that p21 is a novel and direct ubiquitylation substrate of CHIP that also requires the CHIP-associated chaperone HSP70. These data reveal that the inhibition of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP promotes radiosensitivity, thus suggesting a novel strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.Implications: The CHIP-HSP70-p21 ubiquitylation/degradation axis identified here could be exploited to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 651-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Biswas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sukumar Sarkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kangping Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David L Brautigan
- Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Tarek Abbas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - James M Larner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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30
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Mayor T, Sharon M, Glickman MH. Tuning the proteasome to brighten the end of the journey. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C793-C804. [PMID: 27605452 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00198.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Degradation by the proteasome is the fate for a large portion of cellular proteins, and it plays a major role in maintaining protein homeostasis, as well as in regulating many cellular processes like cell cycle progression. A decrease in proteasome activity has been linked to aging and several age-related neurodegenerative pathologies and highlights the importance of the ubiquitin proteasome system regulation. While the proteasome has been traditionally viewed as a constitutive element of proteolysis, major studies have highlighted how different regulatory mechanisms can impact its activity. Importantly, alterations of proteasomal activity may have major impacts for its function and in therapeutics. On one hand, increasing proteasome activity could be beneficial to prevent the age-related downfall of protein homeostasis, whereas inhibiting or reducing its activity can prevent the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; and
| | - Michael H Glickman
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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31
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Duan J, Yan H, Zhang J, Zhang H, Fan Q, Luo F, Yan G, Qiao K, Liu J. Hippocalcin-like 1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by promoting p21(Waf/Cip1) stabilization by activating the ERK1/2-MAPK pathway. Hepatology 2016; 63:880-97. [PMID: 26659654 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. However, the underlying mechanism during hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclarified. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a powerful quantitative strategy for proteome-wide discovery of novel biomarkers in cancers. Hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1) is a calcium sensor protein. However, the biological function of HPCAL1 is poorly understood in cancers, including HCC. Herein, HPCAL1 was identified by SILAC as a novel hepatocarcinogenesis suppressor down-regulated in HCC cell lines and tissues. Importantly, lost expression of HPCAL1 was associated with worse prognosis of HCC patients. Interestingly, secreted HPCAL1 protein in the plasma dropped dramatically in HCC patients compared with healthy donors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that serum HPCAL1 at a concentration of 8.654 ng/mL could better predict HCC. Furthermore, ectopic expression of HPCAL1 suppresses cell proliferation, while depletion of HPCAL1 led to increased cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HPCAL1 directly interacted with p21(Waf/Cip1) in the nucleus, which requires the EF-hand 4 motif of HPCAL1 and the Cy1 domain of p21. This interaction stabilized p21(Waf/Cip1) in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner, which subsequently prevented p21(Waf/Cip1) proteasomal degradation by disrupting SCF(Skp2) and CRL4(Cdt2) E3 ligase complexes, resulting in increased protein stability and inhibitory effect of p21(Waf/Cip1). Notably, the tumor suppressive function of HPCAL1 was dependent on p21 in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with this observation, expression of HPCAL1 and p21(Waf/Cip1) was positively correlated in HCC tissues. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a novel tumor suppressor upstream of p21(Waf/Cip1) in attenuating cell cycle progression and provide a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor, as well as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlin Duan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilu Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Huang G, Li L, Zhou W. USP14 activation promotes tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2917-24. [PMID: 26397990 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and treatment of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is important to explore novel HCC-associated genes. In the present study, we examined the expression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) in patients with HCC using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. The expression of USP14 in tumor tissues of patients with HCC was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous and normal liver tissues. It was also determined whether the expression profile of USP14 was associated with the clinical characteristics of HCC. Increased USP14 expression was associated with some clinicopatho-logical variables, such as advancing tumor stage. A Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated that patients with HCC having a high USP14 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis after surgery than patients with lower USP14 expression levels. Knockdown of USP14 with the lentiviral vector delivery of shRNA in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC7721 cells suppressed cell proliferation, altered the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated in HCC patients with USP14 overexpression. These findings strongly suggested that USP14 activation plays an oncogenic role in promoting tumor progression in HCC. Thus, our findings suggested that USP14 is involved in the progression of HCC and may be a useful therapeutic target in HCC. These findings likely reflect the key role that USP14 plays in the pathogenesis of HCC. Therefore, the identification of USP14 and USP14-driven genes may promote the investigation of its functional role to develop more effective therapies for HCC, especially advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Limei Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Zhang Q, Shim K, Wright K, Jurkevich A, Khare S. Atypical role of sprouty in p21 dependent inhibition of cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1355-68. [PMID: 26293890 PMCID: PMC4873464 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sprouty (SPRY) appears to act as a tumor suppressor in cancer, whereas we reported that SPRY2 functions as a putative oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC) [Oncogene, 2010, 29: 5241-5253]. In general, various studies established inhibition of cell proliferation by SPRY in cancer. The mechanisms by which SPRY regulates cell proliferation in CRC are investigated. We demonstrate, for the first time, suppression of SPRY2 augmented EGF-dependent oncogenic signaling, however, surprisingly decreased cell proliferation in colon cancer cells. Our data suggest that cell cycle inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) transcriptional activity being regulated by SPRY2. Indeed, suppression of SPRY2 significantly increased p21(WAF1/CIP1) mRNA and protein expression as well as p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter activity. Conversely, overexpressing SPRY2 triggered a decrease in p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter activity. Concurrent down-regulation of both SPRY1 and SPRY2 also increased p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression in colon cancer cells. Increased nuclear localization of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in SPRY2 downregulated colon cancer cells may explain the inhibition of cell proliferation in colon cancer cells. Underscoring the biological relevance of these findings in SPRY1 and SPRY2 mutant mouse, recombination of floxed SPRY1 and SPRY2 alleles in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) resulted in increased expression and nuclear localization of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and decreased cell proliferation. In CRC, the relationship of SPRY with p21 may provide unique strategies for cancer prevention and treatment. © 2015 The Authors. Molecular Carcinogenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Katherine Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Sharad Khare
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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Zhang M, Yuan X, Xu B, Guo W, Ran FX, Li RT, Cui JR. Anticancer Effect of a Novel Proteasome Inhibitor, YSY01A, via G2/M Arrest in PC-3M Cells in vitro and in vivo. J Cancer 2015; 6:701-8. [PMID: 26185531 PMCID: PMC4504105 DOI: 10.7150/jca.11785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
YSY01A is a new tripeptideboronic acid and an analog of PS341. However, YSY01A's antitumor effects and mechanism have not yet been elucidated. This study demonstrates that YSY01A inhibited proteasome activity by combining with the chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) site (β5i/β5), the post-glutamyl peptide hydrolase (PGPH) site (β1i/β1) and the trypsin-like (T-L) site (β2i/β2) in special fluorgonic substrates and proteasome probe tests. We explored the anticancer effect using methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) or sulforhodamine B (SRB), and PC-3M cells were sensitive to YSY01A among the four cancer cell types tested. The YSY01A antiproliferative effect was stronger than that of PS341. In vivo, YSY01A (1.25, 2.25, and 3.25 mg/kg) inhibited PC-3M cell xenograft tumor growth, and the tumor volume inhibition rate was approximately 40% to 60%. YSY01A arrested PC-3M cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle by flow cytometry (FCM). Many proteins related to the cell cycle were analyzed using western blot, and YSY01A was shown to increase p21, p27, cyclinB1, P-cdc2 (tyr15) and wee1 protein expression in both cells and tumor tissue in a concentration-dependent manner. YSY01A, a proteasome inhibitor, exerts anticancer effects on PC-3M cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of the YSY01A-mediated antitumor effect is that the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M stage. This study suggests that YSY01A may be a novel therapeutic agent for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- 1. The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs ; 3. Department of pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- 1. The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Bo Xu
- 1. The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Wei Guo
- 1. The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Fu-Xiang Ran
- 1. The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
| | - Run-Tao Li
- 2. Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Rong Cui
- 1. The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
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Elliott ML, Thomas K, Kennedy S, Koduri ND, Hussaini RS, Sheaff RJ. Identification of Novel Proteasome Inhibitors from an Enaminone Library. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:322-32. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Tulsa; Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa OK, 74104 USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine; Oklahoma State University; 1111 W. 17th St. Tulsa OK, 74107 USA
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Tulsa; Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa OK, 74104 USA
| | - Steven Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Tulsa; Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa OK, 74104 USA
- The University of Toronto Structural Genomics Consortium; 101 College St. MaRS South Tower, Suite 700 Toronto ON, M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Naga D. Koduri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Tulsa; Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa OK, 74104 USA
| | - R. Syed Hussaini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Tulsa; Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa OK, 74104 USA
| | - Robert J. Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Tulsa; Keplinger Hall, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa OK, 74104 USA
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Biology of the cell cycle inhibitor p21CDKN1A: molecular mechanisms and relevance in chemical toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:155-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhou X, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Liao JM, Ke JW, Liao P, Cao B, Lu H. Ribosomal proteins L11 and L5 activate TAp73 by overcoming MDM2 inhibition. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:755-66. [PMID: 25301064 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a number of ribosomal proteins (RPs) have been found to have a role in activating the tumor suppressor p53 by directly binding to MDM2 and impeding its activity toward p53. Herein, we report that RPL5 and RPL11 can also enhance the transcriptional activity of a p53 homolog TAp73, but through a distinct mechanism. Interestingly, even though RPL5 and RPL11 were not shown to bind to p53, they were able to directly associate with the transactivation domain of TAp73 independently of MDM2 in response to RS. This association led to perturbation of the MDM2-TAp73 interaction, consequently preventing MDM2 from its association with TAp73 target gene promoters. Furthermore, ectopic expression of RPL5 or RPL11 markedly induced TAp73 transcriptional activity by antagonizing MDM2 suppression. Conversely, ablation of either of the RPs compromised TAp73 transcriptional activity, as evident by the reduction of p21 and Puma expression, in response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Consistently, overexpression of RPL5 or RPL11 enhanced, but knockdown of either of them hampered, TAp73-mediated apoptosis. Intriguingly, simultaneous knockdown of TAp73 and either of the RPs was required for rescuing the 5-FU-triggered S-phase arrest of p53-null tumor cells. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and growth by these two RPs via TAp73 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Q Hao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - J-M Liao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - J-W Ke
- 1] Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine; Jiangxi Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - P Liao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - B Cao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - H Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Basal p21 controls population heterogeneity in cycling and quiescent cell cycle states. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4386-93. [PMID: 25267623 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409797111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity within a population of genetically identical cells is emerging as a common theme in multiple biological systems, including human cell biology and cancer. Using live-cell imaging, flow cytometry, and kinetic modeling, we showed that two states--quiescence and cell cycling--can coexist within an isogenic population of human cells and resulted from low basal expression levels of p21, a Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (CKI). We attribute the p21-dependent heterogeneity in cell cycle activity to double-negative feedback regulation involving CDK2, p21, and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In support of this mechanism, analysis of cells at a point before cell cycle entry (i.e., before the G1/S transition) revealed a p21-CDK2 axis that determines quiescent and cycling cell states. Our findings suggest a mechanistic role for p21 in generating heterogeneity in both normal tissues and tumors.
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Ben-Nissan G, Sharon M. Regulating the 20S proteasome ubiquitin-independent degradation pathway. Biomolecules 2014; 4:862-84. [PMID: 25250704 PMCID: PMC4192676 DOI: 10.3390/biom4030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway was considered the primary route for proteasomal degradation. However, it is now becoming clear that proteins can also be targeted for degradation by the core 20S proteasome itself. Degradation by the 20S proteasome does not require ubiquitin tagging or the presence of the 19S regulatory particle; rather, it relies on the inherent structural disorder of the protein being degraded. Thus, proteins that contain unstructured regions due to oxidation, mutation, or aging, as well as naturally, intrinsically unfolded proteins, are susceptible to 20S degradation. Unlike the extensive knowledge acquired over the years concerning degradation by the 26S proteasome, relatively little is known about the means by which 20S-mediated proteolysis is controlled. Here, we describe our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate 20S proteasome-mediated degradation, and highlight the gaps in knowledge that remain to be bridged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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40
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Glatiramer acetate and nanny proteins restrict access of the multiple sclerosis autoantigen myelin basic protein to the 26S proteasome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:926394. [PMID: 25276831 PMCID: PMC4172982 DOI: 10.1155/2014/926394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that myelin basic protein (MBP) is hydrolyzed by 26S proteasome without ubiquitination. The previously suggested concept of charge-mediated interaction between MBP and the proteasome led us to attempt to compensate or mimic its positive charge to inhibit proteasomal degradation. We demonstrated that negatively charged actin and calmodulin (CaM), as well as basic histone H1.3, inhibit MBP hydrolysis by competing with the proteasome and MBP, respectively, for binding their counterpart. Interestingly, glatiramer acetate (GA), which is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and is structurally similar to MBP, inhibits intracellular and in vitro proteasome-mediated MBP degradation. Therefore, the data reported in this study may be important for myelin biogenesis in both the normal state and pathophysiological conditions.
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Ubiquitin-binding site 2 of ataxin-3 prevents its proteasomal degradation by interacting with Rad23. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4638. [PMID: 25144244 PMCID: PMC4237202 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine repeat expansion in ataxin-3 causes neurodegeneration in the most common dominant ataxia, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3). Since reducing levels of disease proteins improves pathology in animals, we investigated how ataxin-3 is degraded. Here we show that, unlike most proteins, ataxin-3 turnover does not require its ubiquitination, but is regulated by Ubiquitin-Binding Site 2 (UbS2) on its N terminus. Mutating UbS2 decreases ataxin-3 protein levels in cultured mammalian cells and in Drosophila melanogaster by increasing its proteasomal turnover. Ataxin-3 interacts with the proteasome-associated proteins Rad23A/B through UbS2. Knockdown of Rad23 in cultured cells and in Drosophila results in lower levels of ataxin-3 protein. Importantly, reducing Rad23 suppresses ataxin-3-dependent degeneration in flies. We present a mechanism for ubiquitination-independent degradation that is impeded by protein interactions with proteasome-associated factors. We conclude that UbS2 is a potential target through which to enhance ataxin-3 degradation for SCA3 therapy.
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Melesse M, Choi E, Hall H, Walsh MJ, Geer MA, Hall MC. Timely activation of budding yeast APCCdh1 involves degradation of its inhibitor, Acm1, by an unconventional proteolytic mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103517. [PMID: 25072887 PMCID: PMC4114781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated proteolysis mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system is a fundamental and essential feature of the eukaryotic cell division cycle. Most proteins with cell cycle-regulated stability are targeted for degradation by one of two related ubiquitin ligases, the Skp1-cullin-F box protein (SCF) complex or the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). Here we describe an unconventional cell cycle-regulated proteolytic mechanism that acts on the Acm1 protein, an inhibitor of the APC activator Cdh1 in budding yeast. Although Acm1 can be recognized as a substrate by the Cdc20-activated APC (APCCdc20) in anaphase, APCCdc20 is neither necessary nor sufficient for complete Acm1 degradation at the end of mitosis. An APC-independent, but 26S proteasome-dependent, mechanism is sufficient for complete Acm1 clearance from late mitotic and G1 cells. Surprisingly, this mechanism appears distinct from the canonical ubiquitin targeting pathway, exhibiting several features of ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation. For example, Acm1 degradation in G1 requires neither lysine residues in Acm1 nor assembly of polyubiquitin chains. Acm1 was stabilized though by conditional inactivation of the ubiquitin activating enzyme Uba1, implying some requirement for the ubiquitin pathway, either direct or indirect. We identified an amino terminal predicted disordered region in Acm1 that contributes to its proteolysis in G1. Although ubiquitin-independent proteasome substrates have been described, Acm1 appears unique in that its sensitivity to this mechanism is strictly cell cycle-regulated via cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) phosphorylation. As a result, Acm1 expression is limited to the cell cycle window in which Cdk is active. We provide evidence that failure to eliminate Acm1 impairs activation of APCCdh1 at mitotic exit, justifying its strict regulation by cell cycle-dependent transcription and proteolytic mechanisms. Importantly, our results reveal that strict cell-cycle expression profiles can be established independent of proteolysis mediated by the APC and SCF enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Melesse
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hana Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - M. Ariel Geer
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Habchi
- Aix-Marseille Université , Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, 13288, Marseille, France
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Cables1 controls p21/Cip1 protein stability by antagonizing proteasome subunit alpha type 3. Oncogene 2014; 34:2538-45. [PMID: 24975575 PMCID: PMC4617825 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), p21/Cip1, is a vital cell cycle regulator, dysregulation of which has been associated with a large number of human malignancies. One critical mechanism that controls p21 function is through its degradation, which allows the activation of its associated cell cycle promoting kinases, CDK2 and CDK4. Thus, delineating how p21 is stabilized and degraded will enhance our understanding of cell growth control and offer a basis for potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism that controls the dynamic status of p21 through its interaction with Cdk5 and Ablenzyme substrate 1 (Cables1). Cables1 has a proposed role as a tumor suppressor. We found that upregulation of Cables1 protein was correlated with increased half-life of p21 protein, which was attributed to Cables1/p21 complex formation and supported by their co-localization in the nucleus. Mechanistically, Cables1 interferes with the proteasome (Prosome, Macropain) subunit alpha type 3 (PSMA3) binding to p21 and protects p21 from PSMA3-mediated proteasomal degradation. Moreover, silencing of p21 partially reverses the ability of Cables1 to induce cell death and inhibit cell proliferation. In further support of a potential pathophysiological role of Cables1, the expression level of Cables1 is tightly associated with p21 in both cancer cell lines and human lung cancer patient tumor samples. Together, these results suggest Cables1 as a novel p21 regulator through maintaining p21 stability, and support the model that the tumor suppressive function of Cables1 occurs at least in part through enhancing the tumor suppressive activity of p21.
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WILLERMAIN FRANÇOIS, JANSSENS SARAH, ARSENIJEVIC TATJANA, PIENS ISABELLE, BOLAKY NARGIS, CASPERS LAURE, PERRET JASON, DELPORTE CHRISTINE. Osmotic stress decreases aquaporin-4 expression in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:533-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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46
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Less understood issues: p21Cip1 in mitosis and its therapeutic potential. Oncogene 2014; 34:1758-67. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Hsin JP, Li W, Hoque M, Tian B, Manley JL. RNAP II CTD tyrosine 1 performs diverse functions in vertebrate cells. eLife 2014; 3:e02112. [PMID: 24842995 PMCID: PMC4042873 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II largest subunit (Rpb1) contains a unique C-terminal domain (CTD) that plays multiple roles during transcription. The CTD is composed of consensus Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7 repeats, in which Ser, Thr and Tyr residues can all be phosphorylated. Here we report analysis of CTD Tyr1 using genetically tractable chicken DT40 cells. Cells expressing an Rpb1 derivative with all Tyr residues mutated to Phe (Rpb1-Y1F) were inviable. Remarkably, Rpb1-Y1F was unstable, degraded to a CTD-less form; however stability, but not cell viability, was fully rescued by restoration of a single C-terminal Tyr (Rpb1-25F+Y). Cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic Rpb1 was phosphorylated exclusively on Tyr1, and phosphorylation specifically of Tyr1 prevented CTD degradation by the proteasome in vitro. Tyr1 phosphorylation was also detected on chromatin-associated, hyperphosphorylated Rpb1, consistent with a role in transcription. Indeed, we detected accumulation of upstream antisense (ua) RNAs in Rpb1-25F+Y cells, indicating a role for Tyr1 in uaRNA expression. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02112.001 When a gene is expressed, the DNA is first transcribed to produce an intermediate molecule called a messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated to produce a protein. RNA Polymerase II is an enzyme that makes mRNA molecules in organisms as diverse as plants, animals and yeast. RNA Polymerase II is a complex made of a number of proteins. The largest protein in this complex includes a ‘carboxy-terminal domain’ that has multiple repeats of seven amino acids one after the other. The first amino acid in each repeat, a tyrosine, is referred to as tyrosine-1. Adding various chemical tags to the amino acids in these repeats co-ordinates the steps involved in the transcription of genes. In yeast, for example, adding a phosphate groups to tyrosine-1 seems to help the polymerase to proceed to make long mRNA molecules. However, it is not known what these chemical tags do in humans or other animals. Now Hsin et al. (and independently Descostes, Heidemann et al.) have shown that the same phosphate groups on tyrosine-1 perform functions in vertebrates (animals with backbones) that are different to those performed in yeast. These functions include protecting the carboxy-terminal domain from being broken down inside cells, and transcribing the DNA that is upstream of genes. Hsin et al. replaced tyrosine-1 in RNA Polymerase II from chicken cells with a related amino acid that cannot have phosphate groups added to it. This mutant RNA Polymerase II was unstable and degraded by the molecular machinery in cells that breaks down damaged or unneeded proteins back into amino acids. Hsin et al. also compared the mRNA molecules that are made by the wild-type RNA Polymerase II with those produced by a related mutant. This comparison revealed an unexpected accumulation of RNA molecules that are transcribed in the opposite direction from mRNAs. These RNA molecules, known as ‘upstream antisense RNAs’, have been described only recently. And while the function of these RNAs remains mysterious, the results of Hsin et al. suggest that tyrosine-1 helps to ensure that these RNA molecules are rapidly broken down. The results of Hsin et al. raise a number of important questions, and foremost among these questions is: how do these newly discovered properties of tyrosine-1 contribute to the control of gene expression in animals? Further work is needed to answer this question. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02112.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Hsin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, United States
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, United States
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, United States
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, United States
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Belogurov A, Kudriaeva A, Kuzina E, Smirnov I, Bobik T, Ponomarenko N, Kravtsova-Ivantsiv Y, Ciechanover A, Gabibov A. Multiple sclerosis autoantigen myelin basic protein escapes control by ubiquitination during proteasomal degradation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17758-66. [PMID: 24739384 PMCID: PMC4067209 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.544247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cellular proteins are degraded by the 26S proteasome after their ubiquitination. Here, we report that the major component of the myelin multilayered membrane sheath, myelin basic protein (MBP), is hydrolyzed by the 26S proteasome in a ubiquitin-independent manner both in vitro and in mammalian cells. As a proteasomal substrate, MBP reveals a distinct and physiologically relevant concentration range for ubiquitin-independent proteolysis. Enzymatic deimination prevents hydrolysis of MBP by the proteasome, suggesting that an abnormally basic charge contributes to its susceptibility toward proteasome-mediated degradation. To our knowledge, our data reveal the first case of a pathophysiologically important autoantigen as a ubiquitin-independent substrate of the 26S proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Belogurov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow V-437, Russia, the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow V-437, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kuzina
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow V-437, Russia, the Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, and
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow V-437, Russia, the Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, and
| | - Tatyana Bobik
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow V-437, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomarenko
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow V-437, Russia
| | - Yelena Kravtsova-Ivantsiv
- the Cancer and Vascular Biology Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- the Cancer and Vascular Biology Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Alexander Gabibov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow V-437, Russia, the Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117334 Moscow, Russia, the Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, and
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49
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The C-terminal residues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mec1 are required for its localization, stability, and function. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1661-74. [PMID: 23934994 PMCID: PMC3789791 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.006841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mec1, a member of the phosphoinositide three-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family of proteins, is involved in the response to replicative stress and DNA damage and in telomere maintenance. An essential 30 to 35 residue, the FATC domain is found at the C-terminus of all PIKK family members. To investigate the roles of the C-terminal residues of Mec1, we characterized alleles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mec1 that alter the FATC domain. A change of the terminal tryptophan to alanine resulted in temperature-sensitive growth, sensitivity to hydroxyurea, and diminished kinase activity in vitro. Addition of a terminal glycine or deletion of one, two, or three residues resulted in loss of cell viability and kinase function. Each of these Mec1 derivatives was less stable than wild-type Mec1, eluted abnormally from a size exclusion column, and showed reduced nuclear localization. We identified rpn3-L140P, which encodes a component of the 19S proteasomal regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome, as a suppressor of the temperature-sensitive growth caused by mec1-W2368A. The rpn3-L140P allele acted in a partially dominant fashion. It was not able to suppress the inviability of the C-terminal truncations or additions or the hydroxyurea sensitivity of mec1-W2368A. The rpn3-L140P allele restored Mec1-W2368A to nearly wild-type protein levels at 37°, an effect partially mimicked by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Our study supports a role for the C-terminus in Mec1 folding and stability, and suggests a role for the proteasome in regulating Mec1 levels.
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Foertsch F, Teichmann N, Kob R, Hentschel J, Laubscher U, Melle C. S100A11 is involved in the regulation of the stability of cell cycle regulator p21(CIP1/WAF1) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:3840-53. [PMID: 23745637 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1) is a regulatory factor of the cell cycle. Its transcriptional activation and protein stability are tightly controlled by several distinct mechanisms. S100A11 is a member of the S100 family of Ca²⁺-binding proteins involved in several biological processes, including cell cycle progression and signal transduction. In the present study, we show that down-regulation of S100A11 results in the reduction of p21 protein in human HaCaT keratinocytes. It appears that a ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation process is involved in p21 degradation in S100A11 down-regulated cells. The application of a proteasome inhibitor stabilized p21 protein in these cells. Analysis of distinct signal transduction pathways revealed a disturbed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway after S100A11 knockdown. We determined that the glycogen synthase kinase-3, which is negatively regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, was activated in cells possessing knocked-down S100A11 and appears to be involved in p21 protein destabilization. The application of a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 resulted in an increase of the p21 protein level in S100A11 down-regulated HaCaT cells. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is able to phosphorylate p21 at T57, which induces p21 proteasomal turnover. Mutation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 site threonine 57 into alanine (T57A) stabilizes p21 in HaCaT cells lacking S100A11. Beside decreased p21 protein, down-regulation of S100A11 triggered the induction of apoptosis in HaCaT cells. These observations suggest that S100A11 is involved in the maintenance of p21 protein stability and appears to function as an inhibitor of apoptosis in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Thus, the data shed light on a novel pathway regulating p21 protein stability.
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