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Oliveira-Paula GH, Liu S, Maira A, Ressa G, Ferreira GC, Quintar A, Jayakumar S, Almonte V, Parikh D, Valenta T, Basler K, Hla T, Riascos-Bernal DF, Sibinga NES. The β-catenin C terminus links Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathways to promote vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg9278. [PMID: 38478616 PMCID: PMC10936954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathways are highly conserved systems that contribute to normal vertebrate development, with key consequences for immune, nervous, and cardiovascular system function; despite these functional overlaps, little is known about Wnt/β-catenin-S1P cross-talk. In the vascular system, both Wnt/β-catenin and S1P signals affect vessel maturation, stability, and barrier function, but information regarding their potential coordination is scant. We report an instance of functional interaction between the two pathways, including evidence that S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a transcriptional target of β-catenin. By studying vascular smooth muscle cells and arterial injury response, we find a specific requirement for the β-catenin carboxyl terminus, which acts to induce S1PR1, and show that this interaction is essential for vascular remodeling. We also report that pharmacological inhibition of the β-catenin carboxyl terminus reduces S1PR1 expression, neointima formation, and atherosclerosis. These findings provide mechanistic understanding of how Wnt/β-catenin and S1P systems collaborate during vascular remodeling and inform strategies for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Liu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alishba Maira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gaia Ressa
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Graziele C. Ferreira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amado Quintar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Smitha Jayakumar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Almonte
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dippal Parikh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario F. Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Franco-Acevedo A, Comes J, Mack JJ, Valenzuela NM. New insights into maladaptive vascular responses to donor specific HLA antibodies in organ transplantation. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1146040. [PMID: 38993843 PMCID: PMC11235244 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1146040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Transplant vasculopathy (TV) causes thickening of donor blood vessels in transplanted organs, and is a significant cause of graft loss and mortality in allograft recipients. It is known that patients with repeated acute rejection and/or donor specific antibodies are predisposed to TV. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms by which alloimmune injury culminates in this disease have not been fully delineated. As a result of this incomplete knowledge, there is currently a lack of effective therapies for this disease. The immediate intracellular signaling and the acute effects elicited by anti-donor HLA antibodies are well-described and continuing to be revealed in deeper detail. Further, advances in rejection diagnostics, including intragraft gene expression, provide clues to the inflammatory changes within allografts. However, mechanisms linking these events with long-term outcomes, particularly the maladaptive vascular remodeling seen in transplant vasculopathy, are still being delineated. New evidence demonstrates alterations in non-coding RNA profiles and the occurrence of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during acute antibody-mediated graft injury. EndMT is also readily apparent in numerous settings of non-transplant intimal hyperplasia, and lessons can be learned from advances in those fields. This review will provide an update on these recent developments and remaining questions in our understanding of HLA antibody-induced vascular damage, framed within a broader consideration of manifestations and implications across transplanted organ types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Franco-Acevedo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Johanna Comes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia J Mack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Lee LYH, Oldham WM, He H, Wang R, Mulhern R, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Interferon-γ Impairs Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Glucose Metabolism by Tryptophan Catabolism and Activates Fatty Acid Oxidation. Circulation 2021; 144:1612-1628. [PMID: 34636650 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells depend on glycolysis for much of their energy production. Impaired endothelial glycolysis has been associated with various vascular pathobiologies, including impaired angiogenesis and atherogenesis. IFN-γ (interferon-γ)-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes have been identified as the predominant pathological cell subsets in human atherosclerotic plaques. Although the immunologic consequences of these cells have been extensively evaluated, their IFN-γ-mediated metabolic effects on endothelial cells remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic consequences of the T-lymphocyte cytokine, IFN-γ, on human coronary artery endothelial cells. METHODS The metabolic effects of IFN-γ on primary human coronary artery endothelial cells were assessed by unbiased transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses combined with real-time extracellular flux analyses and molecular mechanistic studies. Cellular phenotypic correlations were made by measuring altered endothelial intracellular cGMP content, wound-healing capacity, and adhesion molecule expression. RESULTS IFN-γ exposure inhibited basal glycolysis of quiescent primary human coronary artery endothelial cells by 20% through the global transcriptional suppression of glycolytic enzymes resulting from decreased basal HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) nuclear availability in normoxia. The decrease in HIF1α activity was a consequence of IFN-γ-induced tryptophan catabolism resulting in ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator)/HIF1β sequestration by the kynurenine-activated AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). In addition, IFN-γ resulted in a 23% depletion of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human coronary artery endothelial cells. This altered glucose metabolism was met with concomitant activation of fatty acid oxidation, which augmented its contribution to intracellular ATP balance by >20%. These metabolic derangements were associated with adverse endothelial phenotypic changes, including decreased basal intracellular cGMP, impaired endothelial migration, and a switch to a proinflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ impairs endothelial glucose metabolism by altered tryptophan catabolism destabilizing HIF1, depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and results in a metabolic shift toward increased fatty acid oxidation. This work suggests a novel mechanistic basis for pathological T lymphocyte-endothelial interactions in atherosclerosis mediated by IFN-γ, linking endothelial glucose, tryptophan, and fatty acid metabolism with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide balance and ATP generation and their adverse endothelial functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Yong-Hwa Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (W.M.O.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Huamei He
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan Mulhern
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (L.Y.-H.L., H.H., R.W., R.M., D.E.H., J.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Xia X, Liu X, Chai R, Xu Q, Luo Z, Gu J, Jin Y, Hu T, Yu C, Du B, Huang H, Ou W, Liu S, Liu N. USP10 exacerbates neointima formation by stabilizing Skp2 protein in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101258. [PMID: 34599966 PMCID: PMC8524199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of neointima formation remains unclear. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) is a deubiquitinase that plays a major role in cancer development and progression. However, the function of USP10 in arterial restenosis is unknown. Herein, USP10 expression was detected in mouse arteries and increased after carotid ligation. The inhibition of USP10 exhibited thinner neointima in the model of mouse carotid ligation. In vitro data showed that USP10 deficiency reduced proliferation and migration of rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells (A7r5) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Mechanically, USP10 can bind to Skp2 and stabilize its protein level by removing polyubiquitin on Skp2 in the cytoplasm. The overexpression of Skp2 abrogated cell cycle arrest induced by USP10 inhibition. Overall, the current study demonstrated that USP10 is involved in vascular remodeling by directly promoting VSMC proliferation and migration via stabilization of Skp2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jielei Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangshuo Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tumei Hu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuifu Yu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijun Du
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ningning Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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He L, Gao K, Liu H, Wang J, Li X, He C. Smooth muscle cell-specific knockout of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptor attenuates intimal hyperplasia via STAT1-KLF4 activation. Life Sci 2021:119651. [PMID: 34048810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimal hyperplasia is a main contributor to in-stent restenosis. Previous researches have shown that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory factor, plays a pathological role in intimal hyperplasia. However, the specific role and molecular mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-derived IFN-γ receptor in intimal hyperplasia remains unknown. METHODS We examined the distribution of IFN-γ receptor in human restenosis arteries. Then, the role of IFN-γ receptor in intimal hyperplasia was detected using VSMC-specific IFN-γ receptor-knock out carotid ligation injury models. We performed immunostaining, transwell assay and EdU staining to identify the role of IFN-γ in VSMCs proliferation and migration. The effect of IFN-γ on VSMCs phenotype switching was also investigated. Finally, we evaluated whether the mechanism of IFN-γ on intimal hyperplasia is STAT1-KLF4 dependent. RESULTS The distribution of IFN-γ receptor in human restenosis arteries with VSMC-rich neointima is eventually upregulated. Specific deletion of IFN-γ receptor exhibits thinner intima and lesser proliferating VSMCs. In vitro, treatment with IFN-γ promotes human aortic VSMC (HAVSMCs) proliferation and migration, whereas specifically knock out IFN-γ receptor results in the opposite effect. Deficiency of IFN-γ receptor regulates VSMCs phenotypic switching, such as upregulated contractile markers and downregulated proliferation markers. Mechanistic studies suggest that ablation of IFN-γ receptor prevents VSMCs proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation via STAT1-KLF4 activation. CONCLUSION These results reveal that knockout of VSMC-derived IFN-γ receptor potentiates neointimal hyperplasia by preventing VSMCs proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation. Our finding implies that targeting IFN-γ-STAT1-KLF4 signaling could provide a new therapeutic strategy to attenuate vessel restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Lupieri A, Smirnova NF, Solinhac R, Malet N, Benamar M, Saoudi A, Santos-Zas I, Zeboudj L, Ait-Oufella H, Hirsch E, Ohayon P, Lhermusier T, Carrié D, Arnal JF, Ramel D, Gayral S, Laffargue M. Smooth muscle cells-derived CXCL10 prevents endothelial healing through PI3Kγ-dependent T cells response. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:438-449. [PMID: 31106375 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Defects in efficient endothelial healing have been associated with complication of atherosclerosis such as post-angioplasty neoatherosclerosis and plaque erosion leading to thrombus formation. However, current preventive strategies do not consider re-endothelialization in their design. Here, we investigate mechanisms linking immune processes and defect in re-endothelialization. We especially evaluate if targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ immune processes could restore endothelial healing and identify immune mediators responsible for these defects. METHODS AND RESULTS Using in vivo model of endovascular injury, we showed that both ubiquitous genetic inactivation of PI3Kγ and hematopoietic cell-specific PI3Kγ deletion improved re-endothelialization and that CD4+ T-cell population drives this effect. Accordingly, absence of PI3Kγ activity correlates with a decrease in local IFNγ secretion and its downstream interferon-inducible chemokine CXCL10. CXCL10 neutralization promoted re-endothelialization in vivo as the same level than those observed in absence of PI3Kγ suggesting a role of CXCL10 in re-endothelialization defect. Using a new established ex vivo model of carotid re-endothelialization, we showed that blocking CXCL10 restore the IFNγ-induced inhibition of endothelial healing and identify smooth muscle cells as the source of CXCL10 secretion in response to Th1 cytokine. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings expose an unforeseen cellular cross-talk within the arterial wall whereby a PI3Kγ-dependent T-cell response leads to CXCL10 production by smooth muscle cells which in turn inhibits endothelial healing. Therefore, both PI3Kγ and the IFNγ/CXCL10 axis provide novel strategies to promote endothelial healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Lupieri
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Natalia F Smirnova
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Romain Solinhac
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, F 31300, France
| | - Abdel Saoudi
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse, F 31300, France
| | - Icia Santos-Zas
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR970, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Zeboudj
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR970, Paris, France
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR970, Paris, France
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paul Ohayon
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Lhermusier
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Carrié
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Damien Ramel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Stephanie Gayral
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
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7
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Elyasi A, Voloshyna I, Ahmed S, Kasselman LJ, Behbodikhah J, De Leon J, Reiss AB. The role of interferon-γ in cardiovascular disease: an update. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:975-988. [PMID: 32699989 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, globally, and its prevalence is only expected to rise due to the increasing incidence of co-morbidities such as obesity and diabetes. Medical treatment of CVD is directed primarily at slowing or reversing the underlying atherosclerotic process by managing circulating lipids with an emphasis on control of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. However, over the past several decades, there has been increasing recognition that chronic inflammation and immune system activation are important contributors to atherosclerosis. This shift in focus has led to the elucidation of the complex interplay between cholesterol and cellular secretion of cytokines involved in CVD pathogenesis. Of the vast array of cytokine promoting atherosclerosis, interferon (IFN)-γ is highly implicated and, therefore, of great interest. METHODS Literature review was performed to further understand the effect of IFN-γ on the development of atherosclerotic CVD. RESULTS IFN-γ, the sole member of the type II IFN family, is produced by T cells and macrophages, and has been found to induce production of other cytokines and to have multiple effects on all stages of atherogenesis. IFN-γ activates a variety of signaling pathways, most commonly the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, to induce oxidative stress, promote foam cell accumulation, stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration into the arterial intima, enhance platelet-derived growth factor expression, and destabilize plaque. These are just a few of the contributions of IFN-γ to the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic CVD. CONCLUSION Given the pivotal role of IFN-γ in the advancement of CVD, activation of its signaling pathways is being explored as a driver of atherosclerosis. Manipulation of this key cytokine may lead to novel therapeutic avenues for CVD prevention and treatment. A number of therapies are being explored with IFN-γ as the potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Elyasi
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Iryna Voloshyna
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Saba Ahmed
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Lora J Kasselman
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Jennifer Behbodikhah
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Winthrop Hospital, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
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8
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Medley SC, Rathnakar BH, Georgescu C, Wren JD, Olson LE. Fibroblast-specific Stat1 deletion enhances the myofibroblast phenotype during tissue repair. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:448-459. [PMID: 32175700 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) is a ubiquitously expressed latent transcription factor that is activated by many cytokines and growth factors. Global Stat1 knockout mice are prone to chemical-induced lung and liver fibrosis, suggesting roles for Stat1 in tissue repair. However, the importance of Stat1 in fibroblast-mediated and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-mediated injury response has not been directly evaluated in vivo. Here, we focused on two models of tissue repair in conditional Stat1 knockout mice: excisional skin wounding in mice with Stat1 deletion in dermal fibroblasts, and carotid artery ligation in mice with global Stat1 deletion or deletion specific to VSMCs. In the skin model, dermal wounds closed at a similar rate in mice with fibroblast Stat1 deletion and controls, but collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression were increased in the mutant granulation tissue. Cultured Stat1 -/- and Stat1 +/- dermal fibroblasts exhibited similar αSMA+ stress fiber assembly, collagen gel contraction, proliferation, migration, and growth factor-induced gene expression. In the artery ligation model, there was a significant increase in fibroblast-driven perivascular fibrosis when Stat1 was deleted globally. However, VSMC-driven remodeling and neointima formation were unchanged when Stat1 was deleted specifically in VSMCs. These results suggest an in vivo role for Stat1 as a suppressor of fibroblast mediated, but not VSMC mediated, injury responses, and a suppressor of the myofibroblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna C Medley
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bharath H Rathnakar
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lorin E Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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9
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Maleknia M, Ansari N, Haybar H, Maniati M, Saki N. Inflammatory Growth Factors and In-Stent Restenosis: Effect of Cytokines and Growth Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Liu H, Jin H, Han J, Yue X, Yang H, Zayed MA, Gropler RJ, Tu Z. Upregulated Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Expression in Human and Murine Atherosclerotic Plaques. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:448-456. [PMID: 29134505 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) signaling contributes to inflammation-related pathophysiological changes in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis (AS). S1PR1-targeting compounds significantly reduce lesion size in murine models of AS. Therefore, characterization of S1PR1 expression in vitro and in vivo in atherosclerotic plaque could enable mechanistic studies and inform S1PR1 targeted therapies. PROCEDURES H&E staining and immunostaining studies were performed on variably diseased human femoral endarterectomy plaque specimens, as well as mouse aortic sections from ApoE-/- mice maintained on a high-fat diet (AS mice). In vitro autoradiography study in human femoral plaques was used to confirm the tracer specificity. Micro positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo autoradiography studies were conducted in AS mice and their controls using a S1PR1-specific radioligand [11C]TZ3321 for in vivo and ex vivo quantification of S1PR1 expression in mouse aortic plaques. RESULTS Increased S1PR1 expression was observed in areas of human femoral endarterectomy plaque specimens with foam cell accumulation compared with control tissue; in vitro autoradiography study indicated that SEW2781, a S1PR1 compound was able to reduce the uptake of [11C]TZ3321 by 56 %. S1PR1 levels were also upregulated in AS mouse aortic plaques. MicroPET data showed the aorta-to-blood tracer uptake ratio in AS mice was approximately 20 % higher than that in controls. Autoradiographic study also revealed elevated tracer accumulation in AS mouse aorta. CONCLUSIONS Upregulated S1PR1 expression in human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques was successfully identified by immunostaining and radioligand-based methods. This data demonstrates that [11C]TZ3321 PET provides great promise in imaging S1PR1 expression in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Junbin Han
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xuyi Yue
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mohamed A Zayed
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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11
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Li J, Zhang Y, Chen L, Lu X, Li Z, Xue Y, Guan YQ. Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell Autocrine Apoptosis Induced by Coimmobilized IFN-γ plus TNF-α Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8451-8464. [PMID: 29436216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using external methods to induce the death of cancer cells is recognized as one of the main strategies for cancer treatment. Research indicated that TNF-α is frequently used in tumor biotherapy while IFN-γ can directly inhibit tumor cell proliferation. In our study, TNF-α and IFN-γ were coimmobilized on polystyrene material (PSt) or Fe3O4-oleic acid nanoparticles (NPs). Then the structural change of these two proteins can be observed. Meanwhile, the expressions of both TNF-α and IFN-α increased significantly, as determined by gene microarray analysis; however, in the presence of TNF-α plus IFN-α inhibitors, TNF-α and IFN-α did not increase in HeLa cells induced by coimmobilized IFN-γ plus TNF-α. Our results indicate that such change can stimilate HeLa cells to secrete more TNF-α and IFN-α, by which the apoptosis of HeLa cells could be further induced. This study is the first report of autocrine-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells. In addition, we performed ELISA, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses, as well as a series of analytical tests at the animal level. our data also indicate that the PSt-coimmobilized IFN-γ plus TNF-α has apparent effects for cancer treatment in vivo, which is of great significance for translation into clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
- Joint Laboratory of Laser Oncology with Cancer Center of Sun Yet-sen University , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- School of Life Science , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Liyi Chen
- School of Life Science , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- School of Life Science , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Zhibin Li
- School of Life Science , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Yongyong Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
- Joint Laboratory of Laser Oncology with Cancer Center of Sun Yet-sen University , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
- Joint Laboratory of Laser Oncology with Cancer Center of Sun Yet-sen University , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
- School of Life Science , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
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12
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Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Inhibits Neointima Formation by Engaging Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Signaling. Circulation 2017; 136:1412-1433. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The mechanisms underlying neointima formation remain unclear. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which are key innate immune regulators, play important roles in cardiometabolic diseases. However, the function of IRF4 in arterial restenosis is unknown.
Methods:
IRF4 expression was first detected in human and mouse restenotic arteries. Then, the effects of IRF4 on neointima formation were evaluated with universal IRF4-deficient mouse and rat carotid artery injury models. We performed immunostaining to identify IRF4-expressing cells in the lesions. Smooth muscle cell (SMC)–specific IRF4-knockout (KO) and -transgenic (TG) mice were generated to evaluate the effects of SMC-IRF4 on neointima formation. We used microarray, bioinformatics analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to identify the downstream signals of IRF4 and to verify the targets in vitro. We compared SMC-IRF4-KO/Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)–TG mice with SMC-IRF4-KO mice and SMC-specific IRF4-TG/KLF4-KO mice with SMC-specific IRF4-TG mice to investigate whether the effect of IRF4 on neointima formation is KLF4-dependent. The effect of IRF4 on SMC phenotype switching was also evaluated.
Results:
IRF4 expression in both the human and mouse restenotic arteries is eventually downregulated. Universal IRF4 ablation potentiates neointima formation in both mice and rats. Immunostaining indicated that IRF4 was expressed primarily in SMCs in restenotic arteries. After injury, SMC-IRF4-KO mice developed a thicker neointima than control mice. This change was accompanied by increased SMC proliferation and migration. However, SMC-specific IRF4-TG mice exhibited the opposite phenotype, demonstrating that IRF4 exerts protective effects against neointima formation. The mechanistic study indicated that IRF4 promotes KLF4 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Genetic overexpression of KLF4 in SMCs largely reversed the neointima-promoting effect of IRF4 ablation, whereas ablation of KLF4 abolished the protective function of IRF4, indicating that the protective effects of IRF4 against neointima formation are KLF4-dependent. In addition, IRF4 promoted SMC dedifferentiation.
Conclusions:
IRF4 protects arteries against neointima formation by promoting the expression of KLF4 by directly binding to its promoter. Our findings suggest that this previously undiscovered IRF4-KLF4 axis plays a key role in vasculoproliferative pathology and may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of arterial restenosis.
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Zhang SM, Zhu LH, Chen HZ, Zhang R, Zhang P, Jiang DS, Gao L, Tian S, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang PX, Zhang XF, Zhang XD, Liu DP, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor 9 is critical for neointima formation following vascular injury. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5160. [PMID: 25319116 PMCID: PMC4218966 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) has various biological functions and regulates cell survival; however, its role in vascular biology has not been explored. Here we demonstrate a critical role for IRF9 in mediating neointima formation following vascular injury. Notably, in mice, IRF9 ablation inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and attenuates intimal thickening in response to injury, whereas IRF9 gain-of-function promotes VSMC proliferation and migration, which aggravates arterial narrowing. Mechanistically, we show that the transcription of the neointima formation modulator SIRT1 is directly inhibited by IRF9. Importantly, genetic manipulation of SIRT1 in smooth muscle cells or pharmacological modulation of SIRT1 activity largely reverses the neointima-forming effect of IRF9. Together, our findings suggest that IRF9 is a vascular injury-response molecule that promotes VSMC proliferation and implicate a hitherto unrecognized 'IRF9-SIRT1 axis' in vasculoproliferative pathology modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Zhang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Song Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lang Wang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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14
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Moll HP, Lee A, Minussi DC, da Silva CG, Csizmadia E, Bhasin M, Ferran C. A20 regulates atherogenic interferon (IFN)-γ signaling in vascular cells by modulating basal IFNβ levels. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30912-24. [PMID: 25217635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IFNγ signaling in endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a key culprit of pathologic vascular remodeling. The impact of NF-κB inhibitory protein A20 on IFNγ signaling in vascular cells remains unknown. In gain- and loss-of-function studies, A20 inversely regulated expression of IFNγ-induced atherogenic genes in human EC and SMC by modulating STAT1 transcription. In vivo, inadequate A20 expression in A20 heterozygote mice aggravated intimal hyperplasia following partial carotid artery ligation. This outcome uniquely associated with increased levels of Stat1 and super-induction of Ifnγ-dependent genes. Transcriptome analysis of the aortic media from A20 heterozygote versus wild-type mice revealed increased basal Ifnβ signaling as the likely cause for higher Stat1 transcription. We confirmed higher basal IFNβ levels in A20-silenced human SMC and showed that neutralization or knockdown of IFNβ abrogates heightened STAT1 levels in these cells. Upstream of IFNβ, A20-silenced EC and SMC demonstrated higher levels of phosphorylated/activated TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1), a regulator of IFNβ transcription. This suggested that A20 knockdown increased STAT1 transcription by enhancing TBK1 activation and subsequently basal IFNβ levels. Altogether, these results uncover A20 as a key physiologic regulator of atherogenic IFNγ/STAT1 signaling. This novel function of A20 added to its ability to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation solidifies its promise as an ideal therapeutic candidate for treatment and prevention of vascular diseases. In light of recently discovered A20/TNFAIP3 (TNFα-induced protein 3) single nucleotide polymorphisms that impart lower A20 expression or function, these results also qualify A20 as a reliable clinical biomarker for vascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig P Moll
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Andy Lee
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Darlan C Minussi
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Cleide G da Silva
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- the Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Bioinformatics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02135
| | - Christiane Ferran
- From the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research and the Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
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15
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Smirnova NF, Gayral S, Pedros C, Loirand G, Vaillant N, Malet N, Kassem S, Calise D, Goudounèche D, Wymann MP, Hirsch E, Gadeau AP, Martinez LO, Saoudi A, Laffargue M. Targeting PI3Kγ activity decreases vascular trauma-induced intimal hyperplasia through modulation of the Th1 response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1779-92. [PMID: 25073791 PMCID: PMC4144742 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interventional strategies to treat atherosclerosis, such as transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation, often cause vascular injury. This leads to intimal hyperplasia (IH) formation that induces inflammatory and fibroproliferative processes and ultimately restenosis. We show that phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is a key player in IH formation and is a valid therapeutic target in its prevention/treatment. PI3Kγ-deficient mice and mice expressing catalytically inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ KD) showed reduced arterial occlusion and accumulation of monocytes and T cells around sites of vascular lesion. The transfer of PI3Kγ KD CD4(+) T cells into Rag2-deficient mice greatly reduced vascular occlusion compared with WT cells, clearly demonstrating the involvement of PI3Kγ in CD4(+) T cells during IH formation. In addition we found that IH is associated with increased levels of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. A specific decrease in the Th1 response was observed in the absence of PI3Kγ activity, leading to decreased CXCL10 and RANTES production by smooth muscle cells. Finally, we show that treatment with the PI3Kγ inhibitor AS-605240 is sufficient to decrease IH in both mouse and rat models, reinforcing the therapeutic potential of PI3Kγ inhibition. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a new role for PI3Kγ activity in Th1-controlled IH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F Smirnova
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Pedros
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- INSERM, UMR1087, F-44007 Nantes, France CNRS 6291, F-44007 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Vaillant
- INSERM, UMR1087, F-44007 Nantes, France CNRS 6291, F-44007 Nantes, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Calise
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Goudounèche
- Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France CMEAB, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laurent O Martinez
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- INSERM, UMR1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France UMR CNRS, U5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- INSERM, UMR1048, F-31300 Toulouse, France Université Toulouse III, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, F-31300 Toulouse, France
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16
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Chrobak I, Lenna S, Stawski L, Trojanowska M. Interferon-γ promotes vascular remodeling in human microvascular endothelial cells by upregulating endothelin (ET)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF) β2. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1774-83. [PMID: 23359533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease characterized by vascular alterations, activation of the immune system and tissue fibrosis. Previous studies have implicated activation of the interferon pathways in the pathogenesis of SSc. The goal of this study was to determine whether interferon type I and/or type II could play a pathogenic role in SSc vasculopathy. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVECs) and fibroblasts were obtained from foreskins of healthy newborns. The RT Profiler PCR Array System was utilized to screen for EndoMT genes. Treatment with IFN-α or IFN-γ downregulated Fli1 and VE-cadherin. In contrast, IFN-α and IFN-γ exerted opposite effects on the expression of α-SMA, CTGF, ET-1, and TGFβ2, with IFN-α downregulating and IFN-γ upregulating this set of genes. Blockade of TGFβ signaling normalized IFN-γ-mediated changes in Fli1, VE-cadherin, CTGF, and ET-1 levels, whereas upregulation of α-SMA and TGFβ2 was not affected. Bosentan treatment was more effective than TGFβ blockade in reversing the actions of IFN-γ, including downregulation of α-SMA and TGFβ2, suggesting that activation of the ET-1 pathway plays a main role in the IFN-γ responses in HDMECs. IFN-γ induced expression of selected genes related to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), including Snail1, FN1, PAI1, TWIST1, STAT3, RGS2, and components of the WNT pathway. The effect of IFN-γ on EndoMT was mediated via TGFβ2 and ET-1 signaling pathways. This study demonstrates distinct effects of IFN-α and IFN-γ on the biology of vascular endothelial cells. IFN-γ may contribute to abnormal vascular remodeling and fibrogenesis in SSc, partially via induction of EndoMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Chrobak
- Boston University School of Medicine, Arthritis Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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17
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Javanmard SH, Dana N. The effect of interferon γ on endothelial cell nitric oxide production and apoptosis. Adv Biomed Res 2012; 1:69. [PMID: 23326799 PMCID: PMC3544124 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule in maintaining endothelial survival and normal function. It is a unique mediator, which may promote or suppress both inflammation and apoptosis. Endothelial cell (EC) injury, dysfunction, and death in response to cytokines, especially interferon gamma (IFN-γ), represent the critical event for the initiation of several inflammatory diseases. Objective(s): EC injury or death result in endothelial dysfunction that precedes the development of atherosclerosis and its subsequent vascular events. We examine the effect of different concentrations of IFN-γ on human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) NO production and apoptosis. Materials and Methods: HUVECs were cultured at 37°C for 24 h in the absence (control) or presence of 10, 100, and 1000 μg IFN-γ, respectively. The apoptotic cells were determined as annexin V-positive propidium iodide (PI)-negative cells by flow cytometry. Total nitrite concentration was measured in cell cultures supernatant by Griess method. Results: A comparison of the effect of IFN-γ on EC NO production with untreated cells showed that pretreatment of HUVEC with IFN-γ failed to have a significant effect on NO production by these cells at 10 and 100 U/mL, whereas it led to a significant decreased NO production at 1000 U/mL (P < 0.05). The cells stimulated with IFN-γ showed significantly higher apoptotic cells (PI negative and annexin V-positive cells) after 24 h, compared with cells with no stimulations (P < 0.05). Conclusion: IFN-γ has detrimental effects on ECs in high doses. This might be due to inducible NO synthase activation.
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18
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TAVAKOLI NASIMNIK, HARRIS ANGIEK, SULLIVAN DAVIDR, HAMBLY BRETTD, BAO SHISAN. Interferon-γ deficiency reduces neointimal formation in a model of endoluminal endothelial injury combined with atherogenic diet. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:545-52. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Tsihlis ND, Kapadia MR, Vavra AK, Jiang Q, Fu B, Martinez J, Kibbe MR. Nitric oxide decreases activity and levels of the 11S proteasome activator PA28 in the vasculature. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Toma I, McCaffrey TA. Transforming growth factor-β and atherosclerosis: interwoven atherogenic and atheroprotective aspects. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:155-75. [PMID: 21626289 PMCID: PMC4915479 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-related progression of cardiovascular disease is by far the largest health problem in the US and involves vascular damage, progressive vascular fibrosis and the accumulation of lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions. Advanced lesions can restrict flow to key organs and can trigger occlusive thrombosis resulting in a stroke or myocardial infarction. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a major orchestrator of the fibroproliferative response to tissue damage. In the early stages of repair, TGF-β is released from platelets and activated from matrix reservoirs; it then stimulates the chemotaxis of repair cells, modulates immunity and inflammation and induces matrix production. At later stages, it negatively regulates fibrosis through its strong antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on fibrotic cells. In advanced lesions, TGF-β might be important in arterial calcification, commonly referred to as "hardening of the arteries". Because TGF-β can signal through multiple pathways, namely the SMADs, a MAPK pathway and the Rho/ROCK pathways, selective defects in TGF-β signaling can disrupt otherwise coordinated pathways of tissue regeneration. TGF-β is known to control cell proliferation, cell migration, matrix synthesis, wound contraction, calcification and the immune response, all being major components of the atherosclerotic process. However, many of the effects of TGF-β are essential to normal tissue repair and thus, TGF-β is often thought to be "atheroprotective". The present review attempts to parse systematically the known effects of TGF-β on both the major risk factors for atherosclerosis and to isolate the role of TGF-β in the many component pathways involved in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Toma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW. Ross Hall 443, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Timothy A. McCaffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW. Ross Hall 443, Washington DC 20037, USA
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21
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Wu RSC, Huang CC, Pan CH, Wu KC, Chen CC, Liu SK, Tang CL, Wu CH. Total sleep deprivation augments balloon angioplasty-induced neointimal hyperplasia in rats. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:1239-47. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Yu L, Qin L, Zhang H, He Y, Chen H, Pober JS, Tellides G, Min W. AIP1 prevents graft arteriosclerosis by inhibiting interferon-γ-dependent smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal expansion. Circ Res 2011; 109:418-27. [PMID: 21700930 PMCID: PMC3227522 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.248245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE ASK1-interacting protein-1 (AIP1), a Ras GTPase-activating protein family member, is highly expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth musccells (VSMCs). The role of AIP1 in VSMCs and VSMC proliferative disease is not known. OBJECTIVE We used mouse graft arteriosclerosis models characterized by VSMC accumulation and intimal expansion to determine the function of AIP1. METHODS AND RESULTS In a single minor histocompatibility antigen (male to female)-dependent aorta transplantation model, AIP1 deletion in the graft augmented neointima formation, an effect reversed in AIP1/interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR) doubly-deficient aorta donors. In a syngeneic aortic transplantation model in which wild-type or AIP1-knockout mouse aortas were transplanted into IFN-γR-deficient recipients and in which neointima formation was induced by intravenous administration of an adenovirus that encoded a mouse IFN-γ transgene, donor grafts from AIP1-knockout mice enhanced IFN-γ-induced VSMC proliferation and neointima formation. Mechanistically, knockout or knockdown of AIP1 in VSMCs significantly enhanced IFN-γ-induced JAK-STAT signaling and IFN-γ-dependent VSMC migration and proliferation, 2 critical steps in neointima formation. Furthermore, AIP1 specifically bound to JAK2 and inhibited its activity. CONCLUSIONS AIP1 functions as a negative regulator in IFN-γ-induced intimal formation, in part by downregulating IFN-γ-JAK2-STAT1/3-dependent migratory and proliferative signaling in VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/immunology
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/surgery
- Aorta, Thoracic/immunology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/transplantation
- Arteriosclerosis/genetics
- Arteriosclerosis/immunology
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Arteriosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/surgery
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/immunology
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Intima/surgery
- Vascular Grafting/adverse effects
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/deficiency
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Yu
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, The First Clinical College & The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Yun He
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - George Tellides
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Wang Min
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine
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23
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Yu H, Stoneman V, Clarke M, Figg N, Xin HB, Kotlikoff M, Littlewood T, Bennett M. Bone marrow-derived smooth muscle-like cells are infrequent in advanced primary atherosclerotic plaques but promote atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1291-9. [PMID: 21372299 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.218578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) provide the major structural integrity of atherosclerotic plaques, their origin has been questioned. In particular, although some studies identified plaque VSMCs originating from bone marrow or peripheral blood, their frequency is controversial and their function unknown. We used genetic tracking of cell fate through smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific LacZ reporter activity and VSMC-selective apoptosis to investigate the frequency, distribution, and role of marrow-derived VSMCs in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Cultured mouse bone marrow-derived smooth muscle-like cells expressed SMC markers and functional SMC promoter-driven transgenes over time. Transplantation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE)(-/-) mice with smooth muscle myosin heavy chain-Cre/ROSA26R/ApoE(-/-) marrow showed that 0.7±0.14% cells expressed LacZ in atherosclerotic plaques, located superficially in early plaques, and in necrotic cores but not fibrous caps of advanced lesions. Cells expressing both progenitor and SMC markers showed a similar distribution and frequency. Apoptosis of marrow-derived SMC-like cells transplanted from SM22α-human diphtheria toxin receptor/ApoE(-/-) mice retarded atherogenesis, with reduced plaque macrophage content. Cultured marrow-derived SMC-like cells secreted proinflammatory cytokines and promoted macrophage migration, VSMC proliferation, and collagen synthesis. CONCLUSION Bone marrow-derived SMC-like cells are infrequent in advanced primary atherosclerotic plaques and absent in fibrous caps. However, these cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and mitogens and promote atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Ganesh SK, Joo J, Skelding K, Mehta L, Zheng G, O'Neill K, Billings EM, Helgadottir A, Andersen K, Thorgeirsson G, Gudnason T, Geller NL, Simari RD, Holmes DR, O'Neill WW, Nabel EG. Time course analysis of gene expression identifies multiple genes with differential expression in patients with in-stent restenosis. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:20. [PMID: 21356094 PMCID: PMC3053213 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular disease in-stent restenosis (ISR) is characterized by formation of neointima and adverse inward remodeling of the artery after injury by coronary stent implantation. We hypothesized that the analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) would demonstrate differences in transcript expression between individuals who develop ISR and those who do not. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined and investigated PBMC gene expression of 358 patients undergoing an index procedure to treat in de novo coronary artery lesions with bare metallic stents, using a novel time-varying intercept model to optimally assess the time course of gene expression across a time course of blood samples. Validation analyses were conducted in an independent sample of 97 patients with similar time-course blood sampling and gene expression data. We identified 47 probesets with differential expression, of which 36 were validated upon independent replication testing. The genes identified have varied functions, including some related to cellular growth and metabolism, such as the NAB2 and LAMP genes. CONCLUSIONS In a study of patients undergoing bare metallic stent implantation, we have identified and replicated differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, studied across a time series of blood samples. The genes identified suggest alterations in cellular growth and metabolism pathways, and these results provide the basis for further specific functional hypothesis generation and testing of the mechanisms of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi K Ganesh
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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25
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by cellular and structural changes in the walls of pulmonary arteries. Intimal thickening and fibrosis, medial hypertrophy and fibroproliferative changes in the adventitia are commonly observed, as is the extension of smooth muscle into the previously non-muscularized vessels. A majority of these changes are associated with the enhanced presence of α-SM-actin+ cells and inflammatory cells. Atypical abundances of functionally distinct endothelial cells, particularly in the intima (plexiform lesions), and also in the perivascular regions, are also described. At present, neither the origin(s) of these cells nor the molecular mechanisms responsible for their accumulation, in any of the three compartments of the vessel wall, have been fully elucidated. The possibility that they arise from either resident vascular progenitors or bone marrow-derived progenitor cells is now well established. Resident vascular progenitor cells have been demonstrated to exist within the vessel wall, and in response to certain stimuli, to expand and express myofibroblastic, endothelial or even hematopoietic markers. Bone marrow-derived or circulating progenitor cells have also been shown to be recruited to sites of vascular injury and to assume both endothelial and SM-like phenotypes. Here, we review the data supporting the contributory role of vascular progenitors (including endothelial progenitor cells, smooth muscle progenitor cells, pericytes, and fibrocytes) in vascular remodeling. A more complete understanding of the processes by which progenitor cells modulate pulmonary vascular remodeling will undoubtedly herald a renaissance of therapies extending beyond the control of vascular tonicity and reduction of pulmonary artery pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Yeager
- Department of Pediatrics and Critical Care, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Colorado, USA
| | - Maria G. Frid
- Developmental Lung Biology Laboratory, Denver, Colorado, USA
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26
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Schwaiberger AV, Heiss EH, Cabaravdic M, Oberan T, Zaujec J, Schachner D, Uhrin P, Atanasov AG, Breuss JM, Binder BR, Dirsch VM. Indirubin-3′-Monoxime Blocks Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling and Reduces Neointima Formation In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2475-81. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.212654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V. Schwaiberger
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Muris Cabaravdic
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Tina Oberan
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Jan Zaujec
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Daniel Schachner
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Bernd R. Binder
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- From the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (A.V.S., E.H.H., T.O., D.S., A.G.A., V. M. D.); Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (M.C., J.Z., P.U., J.M.B., B.R.B.). Dr Binder died on August 28, 2010. Dr Schwaiberger and Dr Heiss contributed equally to this work
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McDonald RA, Pyne S, Pyne NJ, Grant A, Wainwright CL, Wadsworth RM. The sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N-dimethylsphingosine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:543-53. [PMID: 20015089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors may be involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation following vascular injury. Here, we evaluate the effect of d-erythro-N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, on VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and neointimal formation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Growth responses in vitro to fetal calf serum (FCS) were measured by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) activation in quiescent primary cultures of porcine VSMC in the presence and absence of various concentrations of the SK inhibitor DMS. In vivo treatment with DMS was delivered with a local endoluminal catheter, following balloon injury of coronary arteries. The artery intimal formation was investigated by angiography, myography and histomorphometry. KEY RESULTS In vitro experiments indicated that DMS induced a dose-dependent reduction in [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and ERK-1/2 activation via a protein kinase C (PKC) independent mechanism with an IC(50) value of 12 +/- 6 and 15 +/- 10 microM respectively. DMS also reduced Akt signalling. Four weeks following in vivo delivery of DMS, complete functional endothelial regeneration was observed in all treatment groups, with significant reduction of intimal formation (vehicle 23.7 +/- 4.6% vs. DMS infusion 8.92 +/- 2.9%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that local administration of the SK inhibitor, DMS, reduced neointimal formation, and this effect could involve inhibition of ERK-1/2 and Akt signalling, and modulation of smooth muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McDonald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
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28
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Common signatures for gene expression in postnatal patients with patent arterial ducts and stented arteries. Cardiol Young 2009; 19:352-9. [PMID: 19538825 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951109004260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The detailed molecular processes associated with postnatal remodelling of blood vessels are presently not understood. To characterize the response of the patients undergoing stenting of the patent arterial duct, we harvested samples of vascular tissue during surgical repair. Histological analysis of explanted ducts confirmed the patency of the ducts immediately after birth. As expected, a previously unstented duct that was examined 7 months after birth had become closed and ligamentous. Whole genome expression profiling of these samples showed that a large fraction, over 10%, of the gene sequences examined were expressed differentially between the samples taken from patients with open as opposed to the ligamentous duct. Interestingly, in 2 patients in whom closure was prevented by insertion of stents, one showed an expression profile that was similar to that of the patient initially having an unstented open duct, whereas the other was more closely related to the profile of the patient with a duct that had become ligamentous. Moreover, in 2 specimens obtained from patients with stented pulmonary arteries, a large fraction of the genes that were differentially expressed were identical to the pattern seen in the samples from the patients with open ducts. The gene regulation appeared to be independent of the nature of the respective malformations, and the site of implantation of the stents. These findings suggest that a set of differentially expressed genes are indicative for a transcriptional programme in neonatal remodelling of the arterial duct, which may also take place in patients in whom ductal closure is prevented by stents, or in those with stented pulmonary arteries. The differentially expressed genes included a significant number of extracellular matrix synthetic genes, and could therefore be predictive for vascular remodelling and neointimal formation.
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29
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Langwieser N, Schwarz JBK, Reichenbächer C, Stemmer B, Massberg S, Langwieser NN, Zohlnhöfer D. Role of bone marrow-derived cells in the genetic control of restenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1551-7. [PMID: 19644054 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.188326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiographic indexes of restenosis after coronary stent placement in patients show a bimodal pattern suggesting the existence of two populations with different risk of restenosis. This is reflected in the arterial remodeling response of inbred mouse strains arguing for a genetic control of the mechanisms leading to lumen narrowing. As bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) contribute to vascular healing after arterial injury, we investigated the role of BMCs in the genetic control of restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS 129X1/SvJ mice developed significantly more neointima and late lumen loss compared to C57BL/6 mice. Gene expression analysis of intimal tissue revealed major differences in the expression of inflammatory and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-associated genes in response to arterial injury. In 129X1/SvJ mice stronger mobilization of lin(-)sca-1(+)CXCR4(+) cells was observed after vascular injury. Bone marrow transplantation identified the extent of neointima formation as clearly dependent on the genetic background of BMCs (ie, mice with 129X1/SvJ BMCs developed more intimal hyperplasia). The inflammatory response and the recruitment of BMCs to the site of arterial injury were significantly increased in mice with 129X1/SvJ BMCs. CONCLUSIONS The genetically controlled mechanisms leading to lumen narrowing in vascular remodeling are dependent on mobilization and recruitment capacities of particular BMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Langwieser
- Med. Klinik II-Kardiologie und Pulmologie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Yang Z, Gagarin D, St Laurent G, Hammell N, Toma I, Hu CA, Iwasa A, McCaffrey TA. Cardiovascular inflammation and lesion cell apoptosis: a novel connection via the interferon-inducible immunoproteasome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1213-9. [PMID: 19443843 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.189407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation contributes to atherogenesis, and that acute inflammatory events cause plaque rupture, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. The present studies examined how inflammatory factors, such as interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), cause increased sensitivity to apoptosis in vascular lesion cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Cells from the fibrous cap of human atherosclerotic lesions were sensitized by interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) to Fas-induced apoptosis, in a Bcl-X(L) reversible manner. Microarray profiling identified 72 INFgamma-induced transcripts with potential relevance to apoptosis. Half could be excluded because they were induced by IRF-1 overexpression, which did not sensitize to apoptosis. IFNgamma treatment strongly reduced Mcl-1, phospho-Bcl-2 (ser70), and phospho-Bcl-X(L) (ser62) protein levels. Candidate transcripts were modulated by siRNA, overexpression, or inhibitors to assess the effect on IFNgamma-induced Fas sensitivity. Surprisingly, siRNA knockdown of PSMB8 (LMP7), an "immunoproteasome" component, reversed IFNgamma-induced sensitivity to Fas ligation and prevented Fas/IFNgamma-induced degradation of Mcl-1, but did not protect p-Bcl-2 or p-Bcl-X(L). Proteasome inhibition markedly increased Mcl-1, p-Bcl-2, and p-Bcl-X(L) levels after IFNgamma treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although critical for antigen presentation, the immunoproteasome appears to be a key link between inflammatory factors and the control of vascular cell apoptosis and may thus be an important factor in plaque rupture and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Yang
- The George Washington Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 541, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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31
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Eid RE, Rao DA, Zhou J, Lo SFL, Ranjbaran H, Gallo A, Sokol SI, Pfau S, Pober JS, Tellides G. Interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma are produced concomitantly by human coronary artery-infiltrating T cells and act synergistically on vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation 2009; 119:1424-32. [PMID: 19255340 PMCID: PMC2898514 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.827618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which interferon (IFN)-gamma, the signature cytokine of Th1 cells, plays a central role. We investigated whether interleukin (IL)-17, the signature cytokine of Th17 cells, is also associated with human coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Circulating IL-17 and IFN-gamma were detected in a subset of patients with coronary atherosclerosis and in referent outpatients of similar age without cardiac disease but not in young healthy individuals. IL-17 plasma levels correlated closely with those of the IL-12/IFN-gamma/CXCL10 cytokine axis but not with known Th17 inducers such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-23. Both IL-17 and IFN-gamma were produced at higher levels by T cells within cultured atherosclerotic coronary arteries after polyclonal activation than within nondiseased vessels. Combinations of proinflammatory cytokines induced IFN-gamma but not IL-17 secretion. Blockade of IFN-gamma signaling increased IL-17 synthesis, whereas neutralization of IL-17 responses decreased IFN-gamma synthesis; production of both cytokines was inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta1. Approximately 10-fold fewer coronary artery-infiltrating T helper cells were IL-17 producers than IFN-gamma producers, and unexpectedly, IL-17/IFN-gamma double producers were readily detectable within the artery wall. Although IL-17 did not modulate the growth or survival of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, IL-17 interacted cooperatively with IFN-gamma to enhance IL-6, CXCL8, and CXCL10 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that IL-17 is produced concomitantly with IFN-gamma by coronary artery-infiltrating T cells and that these cytokines act synergistically to induce proinflammatory responses in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL10/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/complications
- Coronary Artery Disease/immunology
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/physiology
- Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Interleukins/pharmacology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Receptors, Interferon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/immunology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
- Vasculitis/etiology
- Vasculitis/physiopathology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E. Eid
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheng-fu L. Lo
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hooman Ranjbaran
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy Gallo
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Seth I. Sokol
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven Pfau
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and the Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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HDAC2 deacetylates class II transactivator and suppresses its activity in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 46:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Tanaka K, Sata M. Contribution of circulating vascular progenitors in lesion formation and vascular healing: lessons from animal models. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:498-504. [PMID: 18769231 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32830dd566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is a widely accepted view that vascular repair results from migration and proliferation of adjacent cells in animal models. On the contrary, accumulating evidence suggests that bone marrow can give rise to endothelial-like cells and smooth muscle like cells that potentially contribute to vascular healing, remodeling, and lesion formation under physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this article is to review recent findings obtained from animal models of vascular diseases regarding bone marrow derived progenitor cells. RECENT FINDINGS Studies using chimeric animals revealed that bone marrow derived cells exist at the sites of vascular healing and lesion formation after injury. High-resolution histological analyses revealed that those bone marrow derived cells do express some markers for endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. Peripheral mononuclear cells could differentiate into endothelial-like cells or smooth muscle like cells in vitro according to the culture conditions. SUMMARY Circulating progenitors significantly contribute to vascular repair and lesion formation. These findings provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies that involve targeting the mobilization, homing, differentiation, and proliferation of bone marrow- derived vascular progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Murayama H, Takahashi M, Takamoto M, Shiba Y, Ise H, Koyama J, Tagawa YI, Iwakura Y, Ikeda U. Deficiency of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in bone marrow cells synergistically inhibits neointimal formation following vascular injury. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:175-80. [PMID: 18791204 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neointimal formation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), termed restenosis, limits therapeutic revascularization. Since it is now known that vascular injury involves an inflammatory response, we examined the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the neointimal formation after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Control (BALB/c), TNF-alpha-deficient (Tnf(-/-)), IFN-gamma-deficient (Ifng(-/-)), or double-deficient (Tnf(-/-)Ifng(-/-)) mice were subjected to wire-mediated vascular injury of the right femoral artery. Neointimal formation after injury was significantly reduced after the injury in the Tnf(-/-)Ifng(-/-) mice, compared to that in the control, Tnf(-/-), and Ifng(-/-) mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were expressed in neointimal lesions in the control mice, but not in mice with deficiency of the corresponding cytokine. No significant difference in re-endothelialization was observed among these groups. The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the neointimal lesions was significantly decreased in the Tnf(-/-)Ifng(-/-) mice. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that deficiency of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma specifically in bone marrow cells significantly inhibited neointimal formation after vascular injury. CONCLUSION The absence of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in bone marrow cells synergistically inhibits neointimal formation following vascular injury, and thus, may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying restenosis after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Murayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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35
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Klein CA, Zohlnhöfer D, Petat-Dutter K, Wendler N. Gene expression analysis of a single or few cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 11:Unit 11.8. [PMID: 18428372 DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg1108s44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The need to analyze rare cells is based on the nature of tissue differentiation and regeneration, the initiation and propagation of disease processes in multicellular organisms, and the functional diversity of individual cells. Gene transcription is the most important regulatory mechanism by which a phenotype and functional state of a cell is determined. Therefore, procedures for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of mRNA abundance are important. This unit presents a protocol for semi-quantitative analysis of gene expression of a single cell and quantitative representation of expressed genes from >10 to 30 cells. A basic protocol for array hybridization on nylon filters is provided because such filters are available in every laboratory. Tissue samples contain many different cell types in variable amounts, so their analysis may require microdissection; a protocol for obtaining cryosections is given. Finally, a simple procedure to prepare the data for statistical analysis is also provided.
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36
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Zohlnhöfer D, Nührenberg TG, Haas F, Bengel F, Schömig A, Baeuerle PA, Schwaiger M. Myocardial gene expression of matched hibernating and control tissue from patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Heart Vessels 2008; 23:230-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-007-1035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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Wang CH, Cherng WJ, Verma S. Drawbacks to stem cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases. Future Cardiol 2008; 4:399-408. [DOI: 10.2217/14796678.4.4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells seem to have unlimited potential for repairing injured tissues derived from cardiovascular diseases. Much as the initial euphoria over preclinical models has ushered in some skepticism, several reports have advised caution against over exuberance, as cellular therapy has both theoretical and reported safety concerns. Embryonic stem cells, skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow-derived stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are current candidates for cell therapy in end-stage cardiovascular diseases. However, before large-scale clinical trials can take place, a few safety concerns have to be clarified, such as atherogenesis, postangioplasty or stenting restenosis, tumorigenesis, stem cell metastasis, stem cell-mobilized cytokine-related complications and arrhythmogenesis. In this review, potential ways to overcome these issues are discussed, including medical and gene manipulations, dedicated cell-purification techniques, antiarrhythmic cell therapy design, and new concepts such as using natural constructs. With these safety issues under control, stem cell therapy still has a promising future in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Wang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Cherng
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Subodh Verma
- St Michael’s Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Toronto, Canada
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Wamhoff BR, Lynch KR, Macdonald TL, Owens GK. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtypes differentially regulate smooth muscle cell phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1454-61. [PMID: 18535287 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.159392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors in acute vascular injury and smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation is not completely resolved. METHODS AND RESULTS S1P receptor antagonists were used to test the hypothesis that specific S1P receptor subtypes differentially regulate SMC phenotypic modulation. In response to acute balloon injury of the rat carotid artery, S1P1/S1P3 receptor mRNA levels were transiently increased at 48 hours whereas S1P2 receptor expression was decreased. S1P2 expression was reinduced and increased at 7 to 10 days postinjury. Daily intraperitoneal injection of the S1P1/S1P3 antagonist VPC44116 decreased neointimal hyperplasia by approximately 50%. In vitro, pharmacological inhibition of S1P1/S1P3 receptors with VPC25239 attenuated S1P-induced proliferation of rat aortic SMCs. Conversely, inhibition of S1P2 with JTE013 potentiated S1P-induced proliferation. Inhibition of S1P1/S1P3 resulted in S1P-induced activation of the SMC differentiation marker genes SMalpha-actin and SMMHC, whereas inhibition of S1P2 attenuated this response. S1P2-dependent activation of SMalpha-actin and SMMHC was shown to be mediated by L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and subsequent RhoA/Rho kinase-dependent SRF enrichment of CArG box promoter regions. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence that S1P1/S1P3 receptors promote, whereas S1P2 receptors antagonize, SMC proliferation and phenotypic modulation in vitro in response to S1P, or in vivo after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Wamhoff
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.
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39
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Klein CA, Zohlnhöfer D, Petat-Dutter K, Wendler N. Gene expression analysis of a single or few cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 25:Unit 25B.8. [PMID: 18265324 DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb25b08s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The need to analyze rare cells is based on the nature of tissue differentiation and regeneration, the initiation and propagation of disease processes in multicellular organisms, and the functional diversity of individual cells. Gene transcription is the most important regulatory mechanism by which a phenotype and functional state of a cell is determined. Therefore, procedures for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of mRNA abundance are important. This unit presents a protocol for semi-quantitative analysis of gene expression of a single cell and quantitative representation of expressed genes from >10 to 30 cells. A basic protocol for array hybridization on nylon filters is provided because such filters are available in every laboratory. Tissue samples contain many different cell types in variable amounts, so their analysis may require microdissection; a protocol for obtaining cryosections is given. Finally, a simple procedure to prepare the data for statistical analysis is also provided.
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40
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Hüsemann Y, Geigl JB, Schubert F, Musiani P, Meyer M, Burghart E, Forni G, Eils R, Fehm T, Riethmüller G, Klein CA. Systemic spread is an early step in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2008; 13:58-68. [PMID: 18167340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 855] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 08/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that metastasis is a late event in cancer progression. Here, however, we show that tumor cells can disseminate systemically from earliest epithelial alterations in HER-2 and PyMT transgenic mice and from ductal carcinoma in situ in women. Wild-type mice transplanted with single premalignant HER-2 transgenic glands displayed disseminated tumor cells and micrometastasis in bone marrow and lungs. The number of disseminated cancer cells and their karyotypic abnormalities were similar for small and large tumors in patients and mouse models. When activated by bone marrow transplantation into wild-type recipients, 80 early-disseminated cancer cells sufficed to induce lethal carcinosis. Therefore, release from dormancy of early-disseminated cancer cells may frequently account for metachronous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Hüsemann
- Department of Pathology, Division of Oncogenomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
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41
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Shimizu T, Nakazawa T, Cho A, Dastvan F, Shilling D, Daum G, Reidy MA. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 negatively regulates neointimal formation in mouse arteries. Circ Res 2007; 101:995-1000. [PMID: 17872461 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.159228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neointimal lesion formation was induced in sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 2 (S1P2)-null and wild-type mice by ligation of the left carotid artery. After 28 days, large neointimal lesions developed in S1P2-null but not in wild-type arteries. This was accompanied with a significant increase in both medial and intimal smooth muscle cell (SMC) replication between days 4 to 28, with only minimal replication in wild-type arteries. S1P2-null SMCs showed a significant increase in migration when stimulated with S1P alone and together with platelet-derived growth factor, whereas both wild-type and null SMCs migrated equally well to platelet-derived growth factor. S1P increased Rho activation in wild-type but not in S1P2-null SMCs, and inhibition of Rho activity promoted S1P-induced SMC migration. Plasma S1P levels were similar and did not change after surgery. These results suggest that activation of S1P2 normally acts to suppress SMC growth in arteries and that S1P is a regulator of neointimal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 815 Mercer St, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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42
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43
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Koga M, Kai H, Yasukawa H, Yamamoto T, Kawai Y, Kato S, Kusaba K, Kai M, Egashira K, Kataoka Y, Imaizumi T. Inhibition of progression and stabilization of plaques by postnatal interferon-gamma function blocking in ApoE-knockout mice. Circ Res 2007; 101:348-56. [PMID: 17495225 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.106.147256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A role of interferon-gamma is suggested in early development of atherosclerosis. However, the role of interferon-gamma in progression and destabilization of advanced atherosclerotic plaques remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether postnatal inhibition of interferon-gamma signaling could inhibit progression of atherosclerotic plaques and stabilize the lipid- and macrophage-rich advanced plaques. Atherosclerotic plaques were induced in ApoE-knockout (KO) mice by feeding high-fat diet from 8 weeks old (w). Interferon-gamma function was postnatally inhibited by repeated gene transfers of a soluble mutant of interferon-gamma receptors (sIFNgammaR), an interferon-gamma inhibitory protein, into the thigh muscle every 2 weeks. When sIFNgammaR treatment was started at 12 w (atherosclerotic stage), sIFNgammaR not only prevented plaque progression but also stabilized advanced plaques at 16 w: sIFNgammaR decreased accumulations of the lipid and macrophages and increased fibrotic area with more smooth muscle cells. Moreover, sIFNgammaR downregulated expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and matrix metalloproteinases but upregulated procollagen type I. sIFNgammaR did not affect serum cholesterol levels. In conclusion, postnatal blocking of interferon-gamma function by sIFNgammaR treatment would be a new strategy to inhibit plaque progression and to stabilize advanced plaques through the antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhisa Koga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
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44
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Wang Y, Bai Y, Qin L, Zhang P, Yi T, Teesdale SA, Zhao L, Pober JS, Tellides G. Interferon-gamma induces human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal expansion by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent mammalian target of rapamycin raptor complex 1 activation. Circ Res 2007; 101:560-9. [PMID: 17656678 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.151068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-gamma, a cytokine characteristically expressed in arteriosclerotic diseases, acts directly on vascular smooth muscle cells to induce cellular proliferation and intimal expansion. Signaling by the mammalian target of rapamycin raptor complex, known as mTORC1, is associated with cell growth and is active within arteriosclerotic lesions but is not known to be triggered by proinflammatory factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. We investigated the mechanisms for the proarteriosclerotic effects of IFN-gamma in the absence of leukocytes by exploiting the species specificity of this cytokine in a chimeric model of immunodeficient mouse recipients bearing human coronary artery grafts and intravenously inoculated with adenovirus encoding a human IFN-gamma transgene. We found that IFN-gamma-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal expansion were associated with phosphorylation of the mTORC1 effector ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, that the graft morphological changes and S6 kinase 1 activation were inhibited by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin in vivo, and that IFN-gamma-induced mTORC1 signaling was dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity under serum-free conditions in vitro. Our work establishes an immunologic stimulus for mTORC1 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells, emphasizes that mTORC1 activation is critical in immune-mediated vascular remodeling, and provides further mechanistic insight into the successful clinical application of rapamycin therapy for atherosclerosis and graft arteriosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromones/pharmacology
- Coronary Artery Disease/enzymology
- Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/transplantation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Vectors
- Graft Rejection/enzymology
- Graft Rejection/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Multiprotein Complexes
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/transplantation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphorylation
- Proteins/metabolism
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Sirolimus/pharmacology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/enzymology
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Intima/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Wang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA
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45
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Li JM, Zhang X, Nelson PR, Odgren PR, Nelson JD, Vasiliu C, Park J, Morris M, Lian J, Cutler BS, Newburger PE. Temporal evolution of gene expression in rat carotid artery following balloon angioplasty. J Cell Biochem 2007; 101:399-410. [PMID: 17171642 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The success of vascular intervention including angioplasty, stenting, and arterial bypass remains limited by negative remodeling resulted in lumen restenosis. This study was to characterize the global transcription profile reflecting concurrent events along arterial remodeling and neointima formation in a rat carotid artery balloon-injury model. Expression profiling of injured and control common carotid arteries on days 4, 7, 14 post-injury that mark the major pathohistological progression stages of neointimal formation were recorded on high-density oligonucleotide arrays. A subset of genes from microarray-based data was further studied using quantitative real time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization with sequential arterial samples from days 1 to 28 post-injury. The gene-encoded proteins were validated with Western blot. Besides temporal induction of a large cluster of genes over-represented by cell proliferation and macromolecule metabolism gene ontology categories, a fast-evolving inflammation could be demonstrated by the induction of Tgfb and other anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., C1qtnf3 (C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 3 (predicted))) and a shift from type 1 to 2 helper T cell response. The most significant signature of the induced neointimal profile is enrichment of genes functionally related to angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling (e.g., Spp1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), CD44 (CD44 antigen), and Cxcl12 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1)). Some of the genes represent stress-responsive mesenchymal stromal cell cytokines. This study highlighted mesenchymal stromal cell cytokines-driven inflammatory extracellular matrix remodeling, as target processes for potential clinical therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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46
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Kusaba K, Kai H, Koga M, Takayama N, Ikeda A, Yasukawa H, Seki Y, Egashira K, Imaizumi T. Inhibition of intrinsic interferon-gamma function prevents neointima formation after balloon injury. Hypertension 2007; 49:909-15. [PMID: 17309951 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000259668.37901.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is still controversial whether intrinsic interferon (IFN)-gamma promotes or attenuates vascular remodeling in hyperproliferative vascular disorders, such as neointima formation after balloon injury. Thus, we investigated whether inhibition of intrinsic IFN-gamma function prevents neointima formation. For this purpose, naked DNA plasmid encoding a soluble mutant of IFN-gamma receptor alpha-subunit (sIFNgammaR; an IFN-gamma inhibitory protein) or mock plasmid was injected into the thigh muscle of male Wistar rats 2 days before balloon injury (day -2). sIFNgammaR gene transfer significantly elevated serum levels of sIFNgammaR protein for 2 weeks. In mock-treated rats, balloon injury induced smooth muscle cell proliferation in the neointima with a peak at day 7 and produced thick neointima at day 14. sIFNgammaR treatment reduced the number of proliferating intimal smooth muscle cells by 50% at day 7 and attenuated neointima formation with a 45% reduction of the intima/media area ratio at day 14. In mock-treated rats, at day 7, balloon injury induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 and upregulations of IFN regulatory factor-1 (a transcription factor mediating IFN-gamma signal). Balloon injury also upregulated the key molecules of neointima formation, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor. These changes were suppressed by sIFNgammaR treatment. In conclusion, it is suggested that intrinsic IFN-gamma promotes neointima formation probably through IFN regulatory factor-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1-mediated and platelet-derived growth factor-mediated mechanisms. Thus, inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling may be a new therapeutic target for prevention of neointima formation of hyperproliferative vascular disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Vessels/injuries
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- Catheterization/adverse effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Thigh
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Intima/physiopathology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kusaba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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47
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Abstract
Cardiac transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced heart failure. Despite improvements in immunosuppression therapy that prevent acute rejection, cardiac allografts fail at rates of 3% to 5% per posttransplant year. The hallmark morphological lesion of chronically failing cardiac allografts, also seen in chronic renal and liver graft failure, is luminal stenosis of blood vessels, especially of conduit arteries. Late graft failure results from widespread secondary ischemic injury to the graft parenchyma rather than direct immune-mediated damage. Although this process affects the entire graft vasculature, graft arteriosclerosis is a suitable term to describe the problem because it applies to different types of failing organs and because it emphasizes the central feature, namely an accelerated form of arterial injury and remodeling. The precise pathogenesis of graft arteriosclerosis is unknown. In this review, we make the case that the signature T-helper type 1 cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, is a key effector in graft arteriosclerosis, which, together with the IFN-γ–inducing cytokine interleukin-12 and IFN-γ–inducible chemokines such as CXCR3 ligands, constitute a positive feedback loop for T-cell activation, differentiation, and recruitment that we refer to as the IFN-γ axis. We evaluate the evidence to support this hypothesis in clinical observational and experimental animal studies. Additionally, we examine the regulation of IFN-γ production within the artery wall, the effects of IFN-γ on vessel wall cells, and the outcome of therapeutic agents on IFN-γ production and signaling. These observations lead us to suggest that new therapies for graft arteriosclerosis should be optimized which focus on reducing IFN-γ synthesis or actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tellides
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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48
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Koga M, Kai H, Yasukawa H, Kato S, Yamamoto T, Kawai Y, Kusaba K, Seki Y, Kai M, Egashira K, Kataoka Y, Imaizumi T. Postnatal blocking of interferon-gamma function prevented atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Hypertens Res 2007; 30:259-67. [PMID: 17510508 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.30.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether interferon-gamma has a positive or negative impact on atherosclerotic plaque formation. Thus, we examined the effects of postnatal interferon-gamma function blocking on plaque formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoEKO) mice by overexpressing a soluble mutant of interferon-gamma receptor (sIFNgammaR), an interferon-gamma inhibitory protein. Mice were fed a Western-type diet from 8 weeks of age. sIFNgammaR or mock plasmid (control) was injected into the thigh muscle at 8 and 10 weeks' age, because serum sIFNgammaR protein was transiently increased with a peak at 2 days after a single sIFNgammaR gene transfer and remained elevated for 2 weeks. At 12 weeks' age, control apoEKO mice showed marked atherosclerotic plaques from the ascending aorta to the aortic arch. The plaques in the aortic root had massive lipid cores and macrophage infiltration with thin fibrous cap and few smooth muscle cells, demonstrating low plaque stability. In contrast, the luminal plaque area was remarkably reduced in sIFNgammaR-treated apoEKO mice. sIFNgammaR treatment not only reduced lipid core areas and macrophage infiltration but also increased smooth muscle cell count and fibrotic area, suggesting improved plaque stability. In controls, interleukin-1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 were remarkably upregulated in the aortic wall. These changes were significantly reversed by sIFNgammaR. sIFNgammaR treatment had no effects on serum cholesterol levels. In conclusion, sIFNgammaR treatment prevented plaque formation in apoEKO mice by inhibiting inflammatory changes in the arterial wall. The present study provides insight into a new strategy for preventing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhisa Koga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Rauma-Pinola T, Pääkkö P, Ilves M, Serpi R, Romppanen H, Vuolteenaho O, Ruskoaho H, Hautala T. Adrenomedullin gene transfer induces neointimal apoptosis and inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat artery. J Gene Med 2006; 8:452-8. [PMID: 16389603 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial wall injury leads to inflammatory reaction and release of growth factors that may mediate intimal regrowth. It is hypothesized that the neointimal cells may originate from adventitial myofibroblasts, medial smooth muscle cells, or differentiated bone marrow derived cells. Adrenomedullin (AM), an auto/paracrine cardiovascular peptide that is secreted from fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, may have a regulatory role in the intimal regeneration. In order to investigate the role of AM in neointimal growth, stimulation of stem cell migration, and apoptosis, we overexpressed AM with recombinant adenovirus in a rat arterial injury model. The intimae were significantly thinner in the arteries treated with AM adenovirus compared to the control group. Intima/media ratios were 0.48 +/- 0.18 and 1.01 +/- 0.20 (P < 0.05) in the AM group and the control group, respectively. In addition, a significantly higher apoptotic index of neointimal cells was seen in the AM gene transfer group compared to the control (2.78 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.57 +/- 0.20, P < 0.01). The neointimal cells stained positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and negative for desmin suggesting possible myofibroblast origin. Very few c-Kit+ or MDR1+ cells were detected 2 weeks after the injury. We conclude that AM overexpression inhibits neointimal growth. The inhibition is associated with enhanced apoptosis of the neointimal cells which may be of myofibroblast origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Rauma-Pinola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Yi T, Cuchara L, Wang Y, Koh KP, Ranjbaran H, Tellides G, Pober JS, Lorber MI. Human allograft arterial injury is ameliorated by sirolimus and cyclosporine and correlates with suppression of interferon-gamma. Transplantation 2006; 81:559-66. [PMID: 16495804 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000198737.12507.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic allograft dysfunction may result from arterial injury, manifest as transplant arteriosclerosis (TA). This represents an important factor limiting long-term outcomes after heart and kidney transplantation; a relationship between acute allograft arterial injury and TA has been suggested. We have used SCID/bg mice bearing transplanted human artery, inoculated with allogeneic human PBMC to study arteriopathy in human vessels. Earlier work demonstrated arteriopathy similar to that observed clinically, and identified interferon-gamma as a mediator of the process. This study evaluated whether sirolimus (SRL), with cyclosporine A (CsA) or alone, affects TA, and examined possible mechanisms of action. METHODS CB17/SCID/bg mice were transplanted with human arteries replacing the abdominal aorta; reconstituted with allogeneic human PBMC. Controls received vehicle alone for comparison with mice given CsA (5 mg/kg/d), SRL (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg/d), or CsA (5 mg/kg/d) plus SRL (0.1 mg/kg/d). Transplant arteries were examined 28 days later by histology and immunohistochemistry; circulating human interferon-gamma was evaluated by ELISA, and intragraft interferon-gamma mRNA by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The characteristic TA was modestly reduced by CsA or low-dose SRL, but eliminated by combination CsA plus SRL or higher dose SRL alone. Circulating interferon-gamma was reduced by CsA, but inhibition was dramatic with SRL alone or combined with CsA. Intragraft interferon-gamma and HLA-DR expression were moderately reduced by CsA or SRL, and eliminated with combined CsA plus SRL. CONCLUSIONS SRL plus CsA prevented allograft arteriopathy, correlating with suppression of intragraft interferon-gamma, suggesting that SRL effects may result from anti-inflammatory consequences from inhibiting interferon-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Yi
- Department of Surgery, Section of Organ Transplantation and Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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