1
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Connor MG, Hamon MA. Advances in regulation of homeostasis through chromatin modifications by airway commensals. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 80:102505. [PMID: 38936013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Commensal bacteria are residents of the human airway where they interact with both colonizing pathogens and host respiratory epithelial cells of this mucosal surface. It is here that commensals exert their influence through host signaling cascades, host transcriptional responses and host immunity, all of which are rooted in chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Recent studies show that airway commensals impact host chromatin, but compared the what is known for gut commensals, the field remains in its infancy. The mechanisms by which airway commensals regulate respiratory health and homeostasis through chromatin modifications is of increasing interest, specifically since their displacement precedes the increased potential for respiratory disease. Herein we will discuss recent advances and intriguing avenues of future work aimed at deciphering how airway commensals protect and influence respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Connor
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Unité Chromatine et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Melanie A Hamon
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Unité Chromatine et Infection, F-75015 Paris, France.
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2
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Ageeva T, Rizvanov A, Mukhamedshina Y. NF-κB and JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways as Crucial Regulators of Neuroinflammation and Astrocyte Modulation in Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2024; 13:581. [PMID: 38607020 PMCID: PMC11011519 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant functional impairments below the level of the injury, and astrocytes play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of SCI. Astrocytes undergo changes and form a glial scar after SCI, which has traditionally been viewed as a barrier to axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Astrocytes activate intracellular signaling pathways, including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), in response to external stimuli. NF-κB and STAT3 are transcription factors that play a pivotal role in initiating gene expression related to astrogliosis. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is essential for managing secondary damage and facilitating recovery processes post-SCI: inflammation, glial scar formation, and astrocyte survival. NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the production of pro-inflammatory factors by astrocytes. NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways are interconnected: NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which interacts with the IL-6 receptor and initiates STAT3 activation. By modulating astrocyte responses, these pathways offer promising avenues for enhancing recovery outcomes, illustrating the crucial need for further investigation into their mechanisms and therapeutic applications in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ageeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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3
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Mukherjee T, Kumar N, Chawla M, Philpott DJ, Basak S. The NF-κB signaling system in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh1641. [PMID: 38194476 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic condition characterized by episodes of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) system describes a family of dimeric transcription factors. Canonical NF-κB signaling is stimulated by and enhances inflammation, whereas noncanonical NF-κB signaling contributes to immune organogenesis. Dysregulation of NF-κB factors drives various inflammatory pathologies, including IBD. Signals from many immune sensors activate NF-κB subunits in the intestine, which maintain an equilibrium between local microbiota and host responses. Genetic association studies of patients with IBD and preclinical mouse models confirm the importance of the NF-κB system in host defense in the gut. Other studies have investigated the roles of these factors in intestinal barrier function and in inflammatory gut pathologies associated with IBD. NF-κB signaling modulates innate and adaptive immune responses and the production of immunoregulatory proteins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and other tolerogenic factors in the intestine. Furthermore, genetic studies have revealed critical cell type-specific roles for NF-κB proteins in intestinal immune homeostasis, inflammation, and restitution that contribute to the etiopathology of IBD-associated manifestations. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the roles of these NF-κB pathways, which are activated in different intestinal cell types by specific ligands, and their cross-talk, in fueling aberrant intestinal inflammation. We argue that an in-depth understanding of aberrant immune signaling mechanisms may hold the key to identifying predictive or prognostic biomarkers and developing better therapeutics against inflammatory gut pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Mukherjee
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Chawla
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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4
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Ulrich C, Canim Z, Herberger E, Girndt M, Fiedler R. Inflammation in Hypervolemic Hemodialysis Patients: The Roles of RelB and Caspase-4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17550. [PMID: 38139378 PMCID: PMC10743509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervolemia is associated with inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. How hypervolemia triggers inflammation is not entirely known. We initiated a cross-sectional study enrolling 40 hemodialysis patients who were categorized into normovolemic (N; 23) and hypervolemic (H; 17) groups by bioimpedance measurement. A caspase activity assay in combination with a specific caspase-4 inhibitor was used to detect caspase-4 activity in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Transcription factors RelA (pS529) and RelB (pS552) were analyzed by phospho-flow cytometry. Serum endotoxins were detected by an amebocyte lysate-based assay, and IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α) gene expression were detected using the ELISA technique. Hypervolemic patients were older, more frequently had diabetes and showed increased CRP and IL-6 levels. Caspase-4 activity, which is linked to intracellular endotoxin detection, was significantly elevated in H patients. While the frequency of RelA-expressing immune cells and the expression density in these cells did not differ, the monocytic frequency of cells positively stained for RelB (pS552) was significantly decreased in H patients. Increased caspase-4 activity in H patients may indicate a cause of inflammation in H patients. The post-translational modification of RelB (pS552) is linked to downregulation of NF-kB activity and may indicate the resolution of inflammation, which is more distinct in N patients compared to H patients. Therefore, both higher inflammatory loads and lower inflammatory resolution capacities are characteristics of H patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Z.C.); (E.H.); (M.G.); (R.F.)
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5
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Zhao M, Chauhan P, Sherman CA, Singh A, Kaileh M, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Ji H, Joy J, Nandi S, De S, Zhang Y, Fan J, Becker KG, Loke P, Zhou W, Sen R. NF-κB subunits direct kinetically distinct transcriptional cascades in antigen receptor-activated B cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1552-1564. [PMID: 37524800 PMCID: PMC10457194 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors orchestrates signal-induced gene expression in diverse cell types. Cellular responses to NF-κB activation are regulated at the level of cell and signal specificity, as well as differential use of family members (subunit specificity). Here we used time-dependent multi-omics to investigate the selective functions of Rel and RelA, two closely related NF-κB proteins, in primary B lymphocytes activated via the B cell receptor. Despite large numbers of shared binding sites genome wide, Rel and RelA directed kinetically distinct cascades of gene expression in activated B cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed marked heterogeneity of Rel- and RelA-specific responses, and sequential binding of these factors was not a major mechanism of protracted transcription. Moreover, nuclear co-expression of Rel and RelA led to functional antagonism between the factors. By rigorously identifying the target genes of each NF-κB subunit, these studies provide insights into exclusive functions of Rel and RelA in immunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl A Sherman
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Kaileh
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaimy Joy
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satabdi Nandi
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Png Loke
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Jayawant E, Pack A, Clark H, Kennedy E, Ghodke A, Jones J, Pepper C, Pepper A, Mitchell S. NF-κB fingerprinting reveals heterogeneous NF-κB composition in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1181660. [PMID: 37333821 PMCID: PMC10272839 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1181660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Improving treatments for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is challenged by the vast heterogeneity of the disease. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is frequently aberrantly activated in DLBCL. Transcriptionally active NF-κB is a dimer containing either RelA, RelB or cRel, but the variability in the composition of NF-κB between and within DLBCL cell populations is not known. Results Here we describe a new flow cytometry-based analysis technique termed "NF-κB fingerprinting" and demonstrate its applicability to DLBCL cell lines, DLBCL core-needle biopsy samples, and healthy donor blood samples. We find each of these cell populations has a unique NF-κB fingerprint and that widely used cell-of-origin classifications are inadequate to capture NF-κB heterogeneity in DLBCL. Computational modeling predicts that RelA is a key determinant of response to microenvironmental stimuli, and we experimentally identify substantial variability in RelA between and within ABC-DLBCL cell lines. We find that when we incorporate NF-κB fingerprints and mutational information into computational models we can predict how heterogeneous DLBCL cell populations respond to microenvironmental stimuli, and we validate these predictions experimentally. Discussion Our results show that the composition of NF-κB is highly heterogeneous in DLBCL and predictive of how DLBCL cells will respond to microenvironmental stimuli. We find that commonly occurring mutations in the NF-κB signaling pathway reduce DLBCL's response to microenvironmental stimuli. NF-κB fingerprinting is a widely applicable analysis technique to quantify NF-κB heterogeneity in B cell malignancies that reveals functionally significant differences in NF-κB composition within and between cell populations.
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7
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Jang WY, Hwang JY, Cho JY. Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng as Key Modulators of NF-κB Signaling Are Powerful Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6119. [PMID: 37047092 PMCID: PMC10093821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways progress inflammation and immune cell differentiation in the host immune response; however, the uncontrollable stimulation of NF-κB signaling is responsible for several inflammatory illnesses regardless of whether the conditions are acute or chronic. Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, microglia, and Kupffer cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, via the activation of NF-κB subunits, which may lead to the damage of normal cells, including neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and alveolar cells. This results in the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac infarction, or liver injury, which may eventually lead to systemic inflammation or cancer. Recently, ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, a historical herbal plant used in East Asia, have been used as possible options for curing inflammatory diseases. All of the ginsenosides tested target different steps of the NF-κB signaling pathway, ameliorating the symptoms of severe illnesses. Moreover, ginsenosides inhibit the NF-κB-mediated activation of cancer metastasis and immune resistance, significantly attenuating the expression of MMPs, Snail, Slug, TWIST1, and PD-L1. This review introduces current studies on the therapeutic efficacy of ginsenosides in alleviating NF-κB responses and emphasizes the critical role of ginsenosides in severe inflammatory diseases as well as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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8
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Signaling Pathways in Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update of Therapeutic Strategies. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes represent a pivotal element in the development and complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Targeting these processes can lead to the alleviation of cardiomyocyte (CM) injury and the increase of reparative mechanisms. Loss of CMs from inflammation-associated cardiac diseases often results in heart failure (HF). Evidence of the crosstalk between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Hippo, and mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been reported in manifold immune responses and cardiac pathologies. Since these signaling cascades regulate a broad array of biological tasks in diverse cell types, their misregulation is responsible for the pathogenesis of many cardiac and vascular disorders, including cardiomyopathies and atherosclerosis. In response to a myriad of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, several molecular mechanisms are activated within the heart to inaugurate the structural remodeling of the organ. This review provides a global landscape of intricate protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks between key constituents of NF-κB, Hippo, and mTOR signaling pathways as quintessential targetable candidates for the therapy of cardiovascular and inflammation-related diseases.
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9
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Brockmueller A, Mueller AL, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB, Shakibaei M. Multifunctionality of Calebin A in inflammation, chronic diseases and cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:962066. [PMID: 36185259 PMCID: PMC9523377 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.962066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases including cancer have high case numbers as well as mortality rates. The efficient treatment of chronic diseases is a major ongoing medical challenge worldwide, because of their complexity and many inflammatory pathways such as JNK, p38/MAPK, MEK/ERK, JAK/STAT3, PI3K and NF-κB among others being implicated in their pathogenesis. Together with the versatility of chronic disease classical mono-target therapies are often insufficient. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory as well as anti-cancer capacities of polyphenols are currently investigated to complement and improve the effect of classical anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutic agents or to overcome drug resistance of cancer cells. Currently, research on Calebin A, a polyphenolic component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), is becoming of growing interest with regard to novel treatment strategies and has already been shown health-promoting as well as anti-tumor properties, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, in diverse cancer cells. Within this review, we describe already known anti-inflammatory activities of Calebin A via modulation of NF-κB and its associated signaling pathways, linked with TNF-α, TNF-β and COX-2 and further summarize Calebin A's tumor-inhibiting properties that are known up to date such as reduction of cancer cell viability, proliferation as well as metastasis. We also shed light on possible future prospects of Calebin A as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Haselager MV, Eldering E. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting NIK in B Cell Malignancies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930986. [PMID: 35911754 PMCID: PMC9326486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is a key player in non-canonical NF-κB signaling, involved in several fundamental cellular processes, and is crucial for B cell function and development. In response to certain signals and ligands, such as CD40, BAFF and lymphotoxin-β activation, NIK protein stabilization and subsequent NF-κB activation is achieved. Overexpression or overactivation of NIK is associated with several malignancies, including activating mutations in multiple myeloma (MM) and gain-of-function in MALT lymphoma as a result of post-translational modifications. Consequently, drug discovery studies are devoted to pharmacologic modulation of NIK and development of specific novel small molecule inhibitors. However, disease-specific in vitro and in vivo studies investigating NIK inhibition are as of yet lacking, and clinical trials with NIK inhibitors remain to be initiated. In order to bridge the gap between bench and bedside, this review first briefly summarizes our current knowledge on NIK activation, functional activity and stability. Secondly, we compare current inhibitors targeting NIK based on efficacy and specificity, and provide a future perspective on the therapeutic potential of NIK inhibition in B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco V. Haselager
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Eric Eldering,
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11
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Bourseguin J, Cheng W, Talbot E, Hardy L, Lai J, Jeffries A, Lodato MA, Lee EA, Khoronenkova S. Persistent DNA damage associated with ATM kinase deficiency promotes microglial dysfunction. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2700-2718. [PMID: 35212385 PMCID: PMC8934660 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal recessive genome instability disorder Ataxia-telangiectasia, caused by mutations in ATM kinase, is characterized by the progressive loss of cerebellar neurons. We find that DNA damage associated with ATM loss results in dysfunctional behaviour of human microglia, immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglial dysfunction is mediated by the pro-inflammatory RELB/p52 non-canonical NF-κB transcriptional pathway and leads to excessive phagocytic clearance of neuronal material. Activation of the RELB/p52 pathway in ATM-deficient microglia is driven by persistent DNA damage and is dependent on the NIK kinase. Activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling is also observed in cerebellar microglia of individuals with Ataxia-telangiectasia. These results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of aberrant microglial behaviour in ATM deficiency, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration in Ataxia-telangiectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bourseguin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Emily Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Liana Hardy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Jenny Lai
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ailsa M Jeffries
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael A Lodato
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Svetlana V Khoronenkova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
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12
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Mockenhaupt K, Gonsiewski A, Kordula T. RelB and Neuroinflammation. Cells 2021; 10:1609. [PMID: 34198987 PMCID: PMC8307460 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation within the central nervous system involves multiple cell types that coordinate their responses by secreting and responding to a plethora of inflammatory mediators. These factors activate multiple signaling cascades to orchestrate initial inflammatory response and subsequent resolution. Activation of NF-κB pathways in several cell types is critical during neuroinflammation. In contrast to the well-studied role of p65 NF-κB during neuroinflammation, the mechanisms of RelB activation in specific cell types and its roles during neuroinflammatory response are less understood. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of RelB activation in specific cell types of the CNS and the specialized effects this transcription factor exerts during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VI 23298, USA; (K.M.); (A.G.)
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13
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Raza T, Dhaka N, Joseph D, Dadhwal P, Kakita VMR, Atreya HS, Mukherjee SP. Insights into the NF-κB-DNA Interaction through NMR Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12877-12886. [PMID: 34056439 PMCID: PMC8154232 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors bind specifically to their target elements in the genome, eliciting specific gene expression programs. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) system is a family of proteins comprising inducible transcription activators, which play a critical role in inflammation and cancer. The NF-κB members function as dimers with each monomeric unit binding the κB-DNA. Despite the available structures of the various NF-κB dimers in complex with the DNA, the structural features of these dimers in the nucleic acid-free form are not well-characterized. Using solution NMR spectroscopy, we characterize the structural features of 73.1 kDa p50 subunit of the NF-κB homodimer in the DNA-free form and compare it with the κB DNA-bound form of the protein. The study further reveals that in the nucleic acid-free form, the two constituent domains of p50, the N-terminal and the dimerization domains, are structurally independent of each other. However, in a complex with the κB DNA, both the domains of p50 act as a single unit. The study also provides insights into the mechanism of κB DNA recognition by the p50 subunit of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen Raza
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Nitin Dhaka
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - David Joseph
- NMR
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science
Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Prikshat Dadhwal
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Veera Mohana Rao Kakita
- UM-DAE-Centre
for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University
of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400098, India
| | - Hanudatta S. Atreya
- NMR
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science
Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sulakshana P. Mukherjee
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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14
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Regulation of Transcription Factor NF-κB in Its Natural Habitat: The Nucleus. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040753. [PMID: 33805563 PMCID: PMC8066257 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB elicits an individually tailored transcriptional response in order to meet the particular requirements of specific cell types, tissues, or organs. Control of the induction kinetics, amplitude, and termination of gene expression involves multiple layers of NF-κB regulation in the nucleus. Here we discuss some recent advances in our understanding of the mutual relations between NF-κB and chromatin regulators also in the context of different levels of genome organization. Changes in the 3D folding of the genome, as they occur during senescence or in cancer cells, can causally contribute to sustained increases in NF-κB activity. We also highlight the participation of NF-κB in the formation of hierarchically organized super enhancers, which enable the coordinated expression of co-regulated sets of NF-κB target genes. The identification of mechanisms allowing the specific regulation of NF-κB target gene clusters could potentially enable targeted therapeutic interventions, allowing selective interference with subsets of the NF-κB response without a complete inactivation of this key signaling system.
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15
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Bigildeev AE, Chepurnykh YF, Petinati NA, Drize NJ. Features of the Expression of NF-kB Pathway Genes in Tissues of Irradiated Mice and in Old Animals. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Bertelsen A, Elborn SJ, Schock BC. Toll like Receptor signalling by Prevotella histicola activates alternative NF-κB signalling in Cystic Fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells compared to P. aeruginosa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235803. [PMID: 33031374 PMCID: PMC7544055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations affecting the CFTR gene, is characterised by viscid secretions in multiple organ systems. CF airways contain thick mucus, creating a gradient of hypoxia, which promotes the establishment of polymicrobial infection. Such inflammation predisposes to further infection, a self-perpetuating cycle in mediated by NF-κB. Anaerobic Gram-negative Prevotella spp. are found in sputum from healthy volunteers and CF patients and in CF lungs correlate with reduced levels of inflammation. Prevotella histicola (P. histicola) can suppress murine lung inflammation, however, no studies have examined the role of P. histicola in modulating infection and inflammation in the CF airways. We investigated innate immune signalling and NF-kB activation in CF epithelial cells CFBE41o- in response to clinical stains of P. histicola and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) expressing HEK-293 cells and siRNA assays for TLRs and IKKα were used to confirm signalling pathways. We show that P. histicola infection activated the alternative NF-kB signalling pathway in CF bronchial epithelial cells inducing HIF-1α protein. TLR5 signalling was responsible for the induction of the alternative NF-kB pathway through phosphorylation of IKKα. The induction of transcription factor HIF-1α was inversely associated with the induction of the alternative NF-kB pathway and knockdown of IKKα partially restored canonical NF-kB activation in response to P. histicola. This study demonstrates that different bacterial species in the respiratory microbiome can contribute differently to inflammation, either by activating inflammatory cascades (P. aeruginosa) or by muting the inflammatory response by modulating similar or related pathways (P. histicola). Further work is required to assess the complex interactions of the lung microbiome in response to mixed bacterial infections and their effects in people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bertelsen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Elborn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina C. Schock
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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17
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Hsu KH, Wei CW, Su YR, Chou T, Lin YL, Yang FC, Tsou AP, Hsu CL, Tseng PH, Chen NJ, Jeng KS, Leu CM. Upregulation of RelB in the miR-122 knockout mice contributes to increased levels of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines in the liver and macrophages. Immunol Lett 2020; 226:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Zarate MA, Nguyen LM, De Dios RK, Zheng L, Wright CJ. Maturation of the Acute Hepatic TLR4/NF-κB Mediated Innate Immune Response Is p65 Dependent in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1892. [PMID: 32973783 PMCID: PMC7472845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to adults, neonates are at increased risk of infection. There is a growing recognition that dynamic qualitative and quantitative differences in immunity over development contribute to these observations. The liver plays a key role as an immunologic organ, but whether its contribution to the acute innate immune response changes over lifetime is unknown. We hypothesized that the liver would activate a developmentally-regulated acute innate immune response to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We first assessed the hepatic expression and activity of the NF-κB, a key regulator of the innate immune response, at different developmental ages (p0, p3, p7, p35, and adult). Ontogeny of the NF-κB subunits (p65/p50) revealed a reduction in Rela (p65) and Nfkb1 (p105, precursor to p50) gene expression (p0) and p65 subunit protein levels (p0 and p3) vs. older ages. The acute hepatic innate immune response to LPS was associated by the degradation of the NF-κB inhibitory proteins (IκBα and IκBβ), and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p50 in all ages, whereas nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 was only observed in the p35 and adult mouse. Consistent with these findings, we detected NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear staining exclusively in the LPS-exposed adult liver compared with p7 mouse. We next interrogated the LPS-induced hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory genes (Tnf, Icam1, Ccl3, and Traf1), and observed a gradually increase in gene expression starting from p0. Confirming our results, hepatic NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear translocation was associated with up-regulation of the Icam1 gene in the adult, and was not detected in the p7 mouse. Thus, an inflammatory challenge induces an NF-κB-mediated hepatic innate immune response activation across all developmental ages, but nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 and associated induction of pro-inflammatory genes occurred only after the first month of life. Our results demonstrate that the LPS-induced hepatic innate immune response is developmentally regulated by the NF-κB subunit p65 in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zarate
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leanna M Nguyen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robyn K De Dios
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Rius-Pérez S, Pérez S, Martí-Andrés P, Monsalve M, Sastre J. Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Complexes in Acute Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:145-165. [PMID: 31856585 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a master regulator of the inflammatory response and represents a key regulatory node in the complex inflammatory signaling network. In addition, selective NF-κB transcriptional activity on specific target genes occurs through the control of redox-sensitive NF-κB interactions. Recent Advances: The selective NF-κB response is mediated by redox-modulated NF-κB complexes with ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), Pirin (PIR). cAMP response element-binding (CREB)-binding protein (CBP)/p300, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), activator protein-1 (AP-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), and SP-1. NF-κB is cooperatively coactivated with AP-1, STAT3, EGR-1, and SP-1 during the inflammatory process, whereas NF-κB complexes with CBP/p300 and PGC-1α regulate the expression of antioxidant genes. PGC-1α may act as selective repressor of phospho-p65 toward interleukin-6 (IL-6) in acute inflammation. p65 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) compete for binding to coactivator CBP/p300 playing opposite roles in the regulation of inflammatory genes. S-nitrosylation or tyrosine nitration favors the recruitment of specific NF-κB subunits to κB sites. Critical Issues: NF-κB is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that forms specific signaling complexes to regulate selectively the expression of target genes in acute inflammation. Protein-protein interactions with coregulatory proteins, other transcription factors, and chromatin-remodeling proteins provide transcriptional specificity to NF-κB. Furthermore, different NF-κB subunits may form distinct redox-sensitive homo- and heterodimers with distinct affinities for κB sites. Future Directions: Further research is required to elucidate the whole NF-κB interactome to fully characterize the complex NF-κB signaling network in redox signaling, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martí-Andrés
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Lambrou GI, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Inflammation and tissue homeostasis: the NF-κB system in physiology and malignant progression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4047-4063. [PMID: 32239468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of tissue function activates cellular stress which triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the tissue from further damage. These mechanisms involve a number of homeostatic modules, which are regulated at the level of gene expression by the transactivator NF-κB. This transcription factor shifts between activation and repression of discrete, cell-dependent gene expression clusters. Some of its target genes provide feedback to NF-κB itself, thereby strengthening the inflammatory response of the tissue and later terminating inflammation to facilitate restoration of tissue homeostasis. Disruption of key feedback modules for NF-κB in certain cell types facilitates the survival of clones with genomic aberrations, and protects them from being recognized and eliminated by the immune system, to enable thereby carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece.
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21
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The Influence of Light on Reactive Oxygen Species and NF-кB in Disease Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120640. [PMID: 31842333 PMCID: PMC6943569 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important secondary metabolites that play major roles in signaling pathways, with their levels often used as analytical tools to investigate various cellular scenarios. They potentially damage genetic material and facilitate tumorigenesis by inhibiting certain tumor suppressors. In diabetic conditions, substantial levels of ROS stimulate oxidative stress through specialized precursors and enzymatic activity, while minimum levels are required for proper wound healing. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses light to stimulate cellular mechanisms and facilitate the removal of oxidative stress. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) generates ROS to induce selective tumor destruction. The regulatory roles of PBM via crosstalk between ROS and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) are substantial for the appropriate management of various conditions.
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22
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Mulero MC, Wang VYF, Huxford T, Ghosh G. Genome reading by the NF-κB transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9967-9989. [PMID: 31501881 PMCID: PMC6821244 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of dimeric transcription factors regulates transcription by selectively binding to DNA response elements present within promoters or enhancers of target genes. The DNA response elements, collectively known as κB sites or κB DNA, share the consensus 5'-GGGRNNNYCC-3' (where R, Y and N are purine, pyrimidine and any nucleotide base, respectively). In addition, several DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the consensus have been shown to accommodate binding by NF-κB dimers. X-ray crystal structures of NF-κB in complex with diverse κB DNA have helped elucidate the chemical principles that underlie target selection in vitro. However, NF-κB dimers encounter additional impediments to selective DNA binding in vivo. Work carried out during the past decades has identified some of the barriers to sequence selective DNA target binding within the context of chromatin and suggests possible mechanisms by which NF-κB might overcome these obstacles. In this review, we first highlight structural features of NF-κB:DNA complexes and how distinctive features of NF-κB proteins and DNA sequences contribute to specific complex formation. We then discuss how native NF-κB dimers identify DNA binding targets in the nucleus with support from additional factors and how post-translational modifications enable NF-κB to selectively bind κB sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Mulero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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23
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Differential expression of p52 and RelB proteins in the metastatic and non-metastatic groups of uveal melanoma with patient outcome. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2969-2982. [PMID: 31612319 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-canonical NFκB (NC-NFκB) pathway plays an influential role in metastasis, which promotes cancer proliferation and progression. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of NC-NFκB proteins and their correlation with clinicopathological factors associated with metastatic cases of uveal melanoma (UM) and with the patient outcome. METHOD Expression of NC-NFκB proteins (p52, RelB, and co-expression of p52/RelB) was evaluated in 75 formalin-fixed cases of uveal melanoma by immunohistochemistry. Validation of nuclear immunoreactivity was done by western blotting. Transcriptional status of NC-NFκB genes was assessed in 60 fresh tumor tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to determine the presence of native p52/RelB heterodimer in UM. Prognostic relevance was determined using Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS Immunohistochemical expression of p52, RelB, and their co-expression was observed in 81%, 68.7%, 56.2% of metastatic cases, respectively, while their expression was seen only in 38%, 33% and 30% of non-metastatic cases. Loss of BAP-1 was correlated with expression of p52 and RelB proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the putative interaction of p52 with RelB protein in metastatic cases of uveal melanoma. Co-expression of p52/RelB and expression of p52 protein was significantly correlated with decreased metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p = 0.004; p = 0.002) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004; p = 0.032), while the RelB expression only correlated with reduced MFS (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our data showed that non-canonical NFκB proteins were significantly higher in metastatic cases and associated with poor outcome of the patients. Furthermore, the p52 protein could be used as a potential therapeutic biomarker for metastatic cases in uveal melanoma.
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24
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Seet LF, Toh LZ, Chu SWL, Wong TT. RelB regulates basal and proinflammatory induction of conjunctival CCL2. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019; 29:29-42. [PMID: 31618101 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1662060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the involvement of NF-kB in regulating postoperative conjunctival inflammation.Methods: Experimental surgery was performed as described for the mouse model of conjunctival scarring. Expression of NF-κB in postoperative conjunctival tissues or conjunctival fibroblasts were assessed by real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Downregulation of RelB was achieved using small interfering RNA. Cellular cytokine secretion was determined using multiplex cytokine assay.Results: RelB was the most highly induced member of the NF-kB family on day 2 post-surgery. Elevated RelB may be found associated with vimentin-positive cells and fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. In conjunctival fibroblasts, RelB may be induced by TNF-α but not TGF-β2 while its silencing caused selective induction of CCL2 secretion by both basal and TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts.Conclusions: High RelB induction in the inflammatory phase and the selective modulation of CCL2 suggest a specific anti-inflammatory role for RelB in the postoperative conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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25
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Gupta AS, Biswas DD, Brown LSN, Mockenhaupt K, Marone M, Hoskins A, Siebenlist U, Kordula T. A detrimental role of RelB in mature oligodendrocytes during experimental acute encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:161. [PMID: 31362762 PMCID: PMC6664766 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is firmly established that overactivation of the p65 (RelA) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor upregulates expression of inflammatory mediators in both immune and non-immune resident CNS cells and promotes inflammation during MS. In contrast to p65, NF-κB family member RelB regulates immune cell development and can limit inflammation. Although RelB expression is induced during inflammation in the CNS, its role in MS remains unknown. Methods To examine the role of RelB in non-immune CNS cells, we generated mice with RelB specifically deleted in astrocytes (RelBΔAST), oligodendrocytes (RelBΔOLIGO), or neural progenitor-derived cells (RelBΔNP). We used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an accepted mouse model of MS, to assess the effect of RelB deletion on disease outcomes and performed analysis on the histological, cellular, and molecular level. Results Despite being a negative regulator of inflammation, conditional knockout of RelB in non-immune resident CNS cells surprisingly decreased the severity of EAE. This protective effect was recapitulated by conditional deletion of RelB in oligodendrocytes but not astrocytes. Deletion of RelB in oligodendrocytes reduced disease severity, promoted survival of mature oligodendrocytes, and correlated with increased activation of p65 NF-κB. Conclusions These findings suggest that RelB fine tunes inflammation and cell death/survival during EAE. Importantly, our data points out the detrimental role RelB plays in controlling survival of mature oligodendrocytes, which could be explored as a viable option to treat MS in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1548-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Debolina D Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - La Shardai N Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Karli Mockenhaupt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Michael Marone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Andrew Hoskins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Caspase-8 promotes c-Rel-dependent inflammatory cytokine expression and resistance against Toxoplasma gondii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11926-11935. [PMID: 31147458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820529116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 is a key integrator of cell survival and cell death decisions during infection and inflammation. Following engagement of tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors or certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs), caspase-8 initiates cell-extrinsic apoptosis while inhibiting RIPK3-dependent programmed necrosis. In addition, caspase-8 has an important, albeit less well understood, role in cell-intrinsic inflammatory gene expression. Macrophages lacking caspase-8 or the adaptor FADD have defective inflammatory cytokine expression and inflammasome priming in response to bacterial infection or TLR stimulation. How caspase-8 regulates cytokine gene expression, and whether caspase-8-mediated gene regulation has a physiological role during infection, remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that both caspase-8 enzymatic activity and scaffolding functions contribute to inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Caspase-8 enzymatic activity was necessary for maximal expression of Il1b and Il12b, but caspase-8 deficient cells exhibited a further decrease in expression of these genes. Furthermore, the ability of TLR stimuli to induce optimal IκB kinase phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells family member c-Rel required caspase activity. Interestingly, overexpression of c-Rel was sufficient to restore expression of IL-12 and IL-1β in caspase-8-deficient cells. Moreover, Ripk3 -/- Casp8 -/- mice were unable to control infection by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which corresponded to defects in monocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity, and exogenous IL-12 restored monocyte recruitment and protection of caspase-8-deficient mice during acute toxoplasmosis. These findings provide insight into how caspase-8 controls inflammatory gene expression and identify a critical role for caspase-8 in host defense against eukaryotic pathogens.
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27
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Waters MR, Gupta AS, Mockenhaupt K, Brown LN, Biswas DD, Kordula T. RelB acts as a molecular switch driving chronic inflammation in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:37. [PMID: 31142741 PMCID: PMC6541631 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor characterized by extensive necrosis and immunosuppressive inflammation. The mechanisms by which this inflammation develops and persists in GBM remain elusive. We identified two cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1) and oncostatin M (OSM) that strongly negatively correlate with patient survival. We found that these cytokines activate RelB/p50 complexes by a canonical NF-κB pathway, which surprisingly drives expression of proinflammatory cytokines in GBM cells, but leads to their inhibition in non-transformed astrocytes. We discovered that one allele of the gene encoding deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), needed for repression of cytokine genes, is deleted in 80% of GBM tumors. Furthermore, RelB specifically interacts with a transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in GBM cells and activates GBM-specific gene expression programs. As a result, GBM cells continuously secrete proinflammatory cytokines and factors attracting/activating glioma-associated microglia/macrophages and thus, promote a feedforward inflammatory loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth, University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VI, 23298, USA
| | - Angela S Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth, University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VI, 23298, USA
| | - Karli Mockenhaupt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth, University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VI, 23298, USA
| | - LaShardai N Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth, University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VI, 23298, USA
| | - Debolina D Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth, University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VI, 23298, USA
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth, University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VI, 23298, USA.
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Gupta AS, Waters MR, Biswas DD, Brown LN, Surace MJ, Floros C, Siebenlist U, Kordula T. RelB controls adaptive responses of astrocytes during sterile inflammation. Glia 2019; 67:1449-1461. [PMID: 30957303 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to brain injury or infections, astrocytes become reactive, undergo striking morphological and functional changes, and secrete and respond to a spectrum of inflammatory mediators. We asked whether reactive astrocytes also display adaptive responses during sterile IL-1β-induced neuroinflammation, which may limit tissue injury associated with many disorders of the central nervous system. We found that astrocytes display days-to-weeks long specific tolerance of cytokine genes, which is coordinated by NF-κB family member, RelB. However, in contrast to innate immune cells, astrocytic tolerance does not involve epigenetic silencing of the cytokine genes. Establishment of tolerance depends on persistent higher levels of RelB in tolerant astrocytes and its phosphorylation on serine 472. Mechanistically, this phosphorylation prevents efficient removal of RelB from cytokine promoters by IκBα and helps to establish tolerance. Importantly, ablation of RelB from astrocytes in mice abolishes tolerance during experimental neuroinflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael R Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Debolina D Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lashardai N Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael J Surace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Constantinos Floros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immune Activation Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
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29
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Brignall R, Moody AT, Mathew S, Gaudet S. Considering Abundance, Affinity, and Binding Site Availability in the NF-κB Target Selection Puzzle. Front Immunol 2019; 10:609. [PMID: 30984185 PMCID: PMC6450194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription regulation system governs a diverse set of responses to various cytokine stimuli. With tools from in vitro biochemical characterizations, to omics-based whole genome investigations, great strides have been made in understanding how NF-κB transcription factors control the expression of specific sets of genes. Nonetheless, these efforts have also revealed a very large number of potential binding sites for NF-κB in the human genome, and a puzzle emerges when trying to explain how NF-κB selects from these many binding sites to direct cell-type- and stimulus-specific gene expression patterns. In this review, we surmise that target gene transcription can broadly be thought of as a function of the nuclear abundance of the various NF-κB dimers, the affinity of NF-κB dimers for the regulatory sequence and the availability of this regulatory site. We use this framework to place quantitative information that has been gathered about the NF-κB transcription regulation system into context and thus consider questions it answers, and questions it raises. We end with a brief discussion of some of the future prospects that new approaches could bring to our understanding of how NF-κB transcription factors orchestrate diverse responses in different biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Brignall
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy T Moody
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shibin Mathew
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suzanne Gaudet
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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30
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Kitanaka N, Nakano R, Kitanaka T, Namba S, Konno T, Nakayama T, Sugiya H. NF-κB p65 and p105 implicate in interleukin 1β-mediated COX-2 expression in melanoma cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208955. [PMID: 30562372 PMCID: PMC6298655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and microenvironmental factors produced by cancer cells are thought to directly or indirectly promote cancer cell growth. Prostaglandins, including prostaglandin E2, have key roles as a microenvironment factor in influencing the development of tumors, and are produced by the rate limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). In this study, we used canine melanoma cells treated with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and investigated the transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression. IL-1β induced prostaglandin E2 release and COX-2 mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In the cells treated with the NF-κB inhibitors BAY11-7082 and TPC-1, IL-1β-mediated prostaglandin E2 release and COX-2 mRNA expression were inhibited. IL-1β also provoked phosphorylation of p65/RelA and p105/NF-κB1, which are members of the NF-κB families. The IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of p65 and p105 was attenuated in the presence of both NF-κB inhibitors. In melanoma cells transfected with siRNA of p65 or p105, IL-1β-mediated COX-2 mRNA expression was inhibited. These findings suggest that canonical activation of NF-κB signaling plays a crucial role for inflammatory states in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Kitanaka
- Laboratories of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rei Nakano
- Laboratories of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanaka
- Laboratories of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Laboratories of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Konno
- Laboratories of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- Laboratories of Veterinary Biochemistry, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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31
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Gnipp S, Mergia E, Puschkarow M, Bufe A, Koesling D, Peters M. Nitric oxide dependent signaling via cyclic GMP in dendritic cells regulates migration and T-cell polarization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10969. [PMID: 30030528 PMCID: PMC6054623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is accompanied by excessive generation of nitric oxide (NO). Beside its detrimental activity due to the generation of reactive nitrogen species, NO was found to modulate immune responses by activating the NO-sensitive Guanylyl Cyclases (NO-GCs) thereby mediating the formation of the second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP). To investigate the contribution of the key-enzyme NO-GC on the development of Th2 immunity in vivo, we sensitized knock-out (KO) mice of the major isoform NO-GC1 to the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA). The loss of NO-GC1 attenuates the Th2 response leading to a reduction of airway inflammation and IgE production. Further, in vitro-generated OVA-presenting DCs of the KO induce only a weak Th2 response in the WT recipient mice upon re-exposure to OVA. In vitro, these NO-GC1 KO BMDCs develop a Th1-polarizing phenotype and display increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation, which is known to induce Th1-bias. According to our hypothesis of a NO-GC1/cGMP-dependent regulation of cAMP-levels we further demonstrate activity of the cGMP-activated cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 2 in DCs. Herewith, we show that activity of NO-GC1 in DCs is important for the magnitude and bias of the Th response in allergic airway disease most likely by counteracting intracellular cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gnipp
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Evanthia Mergia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michelle Puschkarow
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Albrecht Bufe
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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32
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Jones MR, Yue J, Wilson AK. Impact of intracellular ionic strength on dimer binding in the NF-kB Inducing kinase. J Struct Biol 2018; 202:183-190. [PMID: 29326084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Improper signaling of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a critical role in many inflammatory disease states including cancer, stroke, and viral infections. Although the signaling pathways are known, how these molecular mechanisms respond to changes in the intracellular microenvironment such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature, remains elusive. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to differentiate the structural dynamics of the NF-κB Inducing Kinase (NIK), a protein kinase responsible for invoking the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, in its native and mutant form, and in the absence and presence of salt concentration in efforts to probe whether changes in the ionic environment stabilize or destabilize the NIK dimer. Analyses of structure-activity and conformational-activity relationships indicate that the protein-protein interactions are sensitive to changes in the ionic strength. Ligand binding pockets as well as regions between the oligomer interface either compress or expand, affecting both local and distal intermolecular interactions that result in stabilization or destabilization in the protein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Joshua Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States.
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33
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Leu JS, Chang SY, Mu CY, Chen ML, Yan BS. Functional domains of SP110 that modulate its transcriptional regulatory function and cellular translocation. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:34. [PMID: 29642903 PMCID: PMC5894228 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SP110, an interferon-induced nuclear protein, belongs to the SP100/SP140 protein family. Very recently, we showed that SP110b, an SP110 isoform, controls host innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. However, it remains unclear how the structure of SP110 relates to its cellular functions. In this study, we provide experimental data illustrating the protein domains that are responsible for its functions. Methods We examined the effects of SP110 isoforms and a series of deletion mutants of SP110 on transcriptional regulation by luciferase reporter assays. We also employed confocal microscopy to determine the cellular distributions of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged SP110 isoforms and SP110 mutants. In addition, we performed immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analyses to identify the regions of SP110 that are responsible for protein interactions. Results Using reporter assays, we first demonstrated that SP110 isoforms have different regulatory effects on NF-κB-mediated transcription, supporting the notion that SP110 isoforms may have distinct cellular functions. Analysis of deletion mutants of SP110 showed that the interaction of the N-terminal fragment (amino acids 1–276) of SP110 with p50, a subunit of NF-κB, in the cytoplasm plays a crucial role in the down-regulation of the p50-driven tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) promoter activity in the nucleus, while the middle and C-terminal regions of SP110 localize it to various cellular compartments. Surprisingly, a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) that contains one monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and one bipartite NLS was identified in the middle region of SP110. The identification of a cryptic NoLS in the SP110 suggests that although this protein forms nuclear speckles in the nucleoplasm, it may be directed into the nucleolus to carry out distinct functions under certain cellular conditions. Conclusions The findings from this study elucidating the multidomain structure of the SP110 not only identify functional domains of SP110 that are required for transcriptional regulation, cellular translocation, and protein interactions but also implicate that SP110 has additional functions through its unexpected activity in the nucleolus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0434-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiun Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - So-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Mu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Shiun Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
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34
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Miraghazadeh B, Cook MC. Nuclear Factor-kappaB in Autoimmunity: Man and Mouse. Front Immunol 2018; 9:613. [PMID: 29686669 PMCID: PMC5900062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) is a transcription complex crucial for host defense mediated by innate and adaptive immunity, where canonical NF-κB signaling, mediated by nuclear translocation of RelA, c-Rel, and p50, is important for immune cell activation, differentiation, and survival. Non-canonical signaling mediated by nuclear translocation of p52 and RelB contributes to lymphocyte maturation and survival and is also crucial for lymphoid organogenesis. We outline NF-κB signaling and regulation, then summarize important molecular contributions of NF-κB to mechanisms of self-tolerance. We relate these mechanisms to autoimmune phenotypes described in what is now a substantial catalog of immune defects conferred by mutations in NF-κB pathways in mouse models. Finally, we describe Mendelian autoimmune syndromes arising from human NF-κB mutations, and speculate on implications for understanding sporadic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Miraghazadeh
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew C. Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Canberra Hospital, Acton, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew C. Cook,
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35
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LRRC25 Functions as an Inhibitor of NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Promoting p65/RelA for Autophagic Degradation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13448. [PMID: 29044191 PMCID: PMC5647368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a family of critical transcription factors that play a critical role in innate immune responses and inflammation, yet the molecular mechanisms responsible for its tight regulation is not fully understood. In this study, we identified LRRC25, a member of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein family, as a negative regulator in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Ectopic expression of LRRC25 impaired NF-κB activation, whereas knockout of LRRC25 potentiated NF-κB activation and enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines. Further study demonstrated that the LRR domain of LRRC25 interacted with the Rel Homology domain (RHD) of p65/RelA and promotes the degradation of p65/RelA. Furthermore, LRRC25 enhanced the interaction between p65/RelA and cargo receptor p62, thus facilitating the degradation of p65/RelA through autophagy pathway. Our study has not only identified LRRC25 as a novel inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway, but also uncovers a new mechanism of crosstalk between NF-κB signaling and autophagy pathways.
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36
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Sun J, Huang P, Liang J, Li J, Shen M, She X, Feng Y, Luo X, Liu T, Sun X. Cooperation of Rel family members in regulating Aβ 1-40-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3115. [PMID: 29022897 PMCID: PMC5682668 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a hallmark component of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Previous studies have shown that p50/RelA (p65), a member of NF-κB family, is an essential pro-inflammatory transcription factor responding to Aβ1-40 stimulation, but few focused on the other two Rel transcription factor members – RelB and c-Rel – and their role in Aβ1-40-mediated inflammation. It was reported that RelA, RelB and c-Rel are also implicated in various NF-κB-mediated inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we infer that Aβ1-40-mediated inflammation targets not only the classical inflammation regulator, RelA, but also RelB and c-Rel. In this study, we demonstrate that intravitreally injected Aβ1-40 mice develop AMD-like pathologic changes, coupled with Rel protein (RelA, RelB and c-Rel) synthesis and nuclear translocation. To focus on the interaction mechanism of Rel proteins, we found that RelB and c-Rel formed a heterodimer with RelA in mice model. We also found that c-Rel silencing decreased the levels of Aβ1-40-dependent RelA expression, indicating that RelB and c-Rel may interact with RelA as coactivator and c-Rel is required to activate the expression of RelA. Moreover, Rel protein silencing decreased the expression of distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines. Together, we demonstrate that besides RelA, RelB and c-Rel can also be activated by Aβ1-40, all of which mediate pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription and RPE damage. Our findings imply that RPE-mediated inflammation under the stimulation of Aβ1-40 is multi-targeted and RelA, RelB and c-Rel proteins may be the new targets of anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junran Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Peirong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiangjun She
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yiji Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
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37
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Lnc-ing inflammation to disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:953-62. [PMID: 28687714 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Termed 'master gene regulators' long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as the true vanguard of the 'noncoding revolution'. Functioning at a molecular level, in most if not all cellular processes, lncRNAs exert their effects systemically. Thus, it is not surprising that lncRNAs have emerged as important players in human pathophysiology. As our body's first line of defense upon infection or injury, inflammation has been implicated in the etiology of several human diseases. At the center of the acute inflammatory response, as well as several pathologies, is the pleiotropic transcription factor NF-κβ. In this review, we attempt to capture a summary of lncRNAs directly involved in regulating innate immunity at various arms of the NF-κβ pathway that have also been validated in human disease. We also highlight the fundamental concepts required as lncRNAs enter a new era of diagnostic and therapeutic significance.
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38
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Leu JS, Chen ML, Chang SY, Yu SL, Lin CW, Wang H, Chen WC, Chang CH, Wang JY, Lee LN, Yu CJ, Kramnik I, Yan BS. SP110b Controls Host Immunity and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:369-382. [PMID: 27858493 PMCID: PMC5328177 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201601-0103oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE How host genetic factors affect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection outcomes remains largely unknown. SP110b, an IFN-induced nuclear protein, is the nearest human homologue to the mouse Ipr1 protein that has been shown to control host innate immunity to Mtb infection. However, the function(s) of SP110b remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the role of SP110b in controlling host immunity and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), as well as to identify the fundamental immunological and molecular mechanisms affected by SP110b. METHODS Using cell-based approaches and mouse models of Mtb infection, we characterized the function(s) of SP110b/Ipr1. We also performed genetic characterization of patients with TB to investigate the role of SP110 in controlling host susceptibility to TB. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SP110b modulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, resulting in downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and concomitant upregulation of NF-κB-induced antiapoptotic gene expression, thereby suppressing IFN-γ-mediated monocyte and/or macrophage cell death. After Mtb infection, TNF-α is also downregulated in Ipr1-expressing mice that have alleviated cell death, less severe necrotic lung lesions, more efficient Mtb growth control in the lungs, and longer survival. Moreover, genetic studies in patients suggest that SP110 plays a key role in modulating TB susceptibility in concert with NFκB1 and TNFα genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SP110b plays a crucial role in shaping the inflammatory milieu that supports host protection during infection by fine-tuning NF-κB activity, suggesting that SP110b may serve as a potential target for host-directed therapy aimed at manipulating host immunity against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiun Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - So-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Wan-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | - Li-Na Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | | | - Igor Kramnik
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo-Shiun Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
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39
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The matrix protein of rabies virus binds to RelAp43 to modulate NF-κB-dependent gene expression related to innate immunity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39420. [PMID: 28000711 PMCID: PMC5175135 DOI: 10.1038/srep39420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix (M) protein of wild isolates of rabies virus such as Tha (M-Tha) was previously shown to be able to interact with RelAp43, a protein of the NF-κB family, and to efficiently suppress NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression, in contrast with the vaccine strain SAD. Here, we analyze the mechanisms involved in RelAp43-M protein interaction. We demonstrate that the central part of M-Tha, and the specific C-terminal region of RelAp43 are required for this interaction. Four differences in the corresponding amino acid sequences of the M-Tha and M-SAD are shown to be crucial for RelAp43 interaction and subsequent modulation of innate immune response. Furthermore, the capacity of M-Tha to interact with RelAp43 was shown to be crucial for the control of the expression of four genes (IFN, TNF, IL8 and CXCL2) during viral infection. These findings reveal that RelAp43 is a potent regulator of transcription of genes involved in innate immune response during rabies virus infection and that the M protein of wild isolates of rabies virus is a viral immune-modulatory factor playing an important role in this RelAp43-mediated host innate immunity response in contrast to M protein of vaccine strains, which have lost this property.
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40
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Non-canonical NFκB mutations reinforce pro-survival TNF response in multiple myeloma through an autoregulatory RelB:p50 NFκB pathway. Oncogene 2016; 36:1417-1429. [PMID: 27641334 PMCID: PMC5346295 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental drug resistance constitutes a serious impediment for therapeutic intervention in multiple myeloma. Tumor-promoting cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), induce nuclear factor-κB (NFκB)- driven expression of pro-survival factors, which confer resistance in myeloma cells to apoptotic insults from TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and other chemotherapeutic drugs. It is thought that RelA:p50 dimer, activated from IκBα-inhibited complex in response to TNF-induced canonical NFκB signal, mediates the pro-survival NFκB function in cancerous cells. Myeloma cells additionally acquire gain-of-function mutations in the non-canonical NFκB module, which induces partial proteolysis of p100 into p52 to promote RelB:p52/NFκB activation from p100-inhibited complex during immune cell differentiation. However, role of non-canonical NFκB signaling in the drug resistance in multiple myeloma remains unclear. Here we report that myeloma-associated non-canonical aberrations reinforce pro-survival TNF signaling in producing a protracted TRAIL-refractory state. These mutations did not act through a typical p52 NFκB complex, but completely degraded p100 to reposition RelB under IκBα control, whose degradation during TNF signaling induced an early RelB:p50 containing NFκB activity. More so, autoregulatory RelB synthesis prolonged this TNF-induced RelB:p50 activity in myeloma cells harboring non-canonical mutations. Intriguingly, TNF-activated RelB:p50 dimer was both necessary and sufficient, and RelA was not required, for NFκB-dependent pro-survival gene expressions and suppression of apoptosis. Indeed, high RelB mRNA expressions in myeloma patients correlated with the augmented level of pro-survival factors and resistance to therapeutic intervention. In sum, we provide evidence that cancer-associated mutations perpetuate TNF-induced pro-survival NFκB activity through autoregulatory RelB control and thereby exacerbate environmental drug resistance in multiple myeloma.
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41
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Rojo F, González-Pérez A, Furriol J, Nicolau MJ, Ferrer J, Burgués O, Sabbaghi M, González-Navarrete I, Cristobal I, Serrano L, Zazo S, Madoz J, Servitja S, Tusquets I, Albanell J, Lluch A, Rovira A, Eroles P. Non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation predicts outcome in borderline oestrogen receptor positive breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:322-31. [PMID: 27404455 PMCID: PMC4973161 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NF-κB signalling appears deregulated in breast tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, is activated in oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, to identify any correlation between its activity and the clinico-pathological phenotype and to explore whether NF-κB2 and RelB subunits and/or any of their target genes might be used as a predictive marker. Methods: Two independent cohorts of ER+ early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy were included in the study. Activation of RelB and NF-κB2 subunits was determined in a training set of 121 patients by measuring DNA-binding activities in nuclear extracts from fresh frozen specimens by an ELISA-based assay. Samples of 15 ER− breast cancer patients were also included in the study. In a large validation cohort of 207 patients, nuclear immunostaining of RelB and NF-κB2 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens was performed. Statistical correlation within clinico-pathological factors, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Publicly available gene expression and survival data have been interrogated aimed to identify target genes. Results: Activation of NF-κB2 and RelB was found in 53.7 and 49.2% of the 121 ER+ tumours analysed, with similar levels to ER− breast tumours analysed in parallel for comparisons. In the validation cohort, we obtained a similar proportion of cases with activation of NF-κB2 and RelB (59.9 and 32.4%), with a 39.6% of co-activation. Multiplexing immunofluorescence in breast cancer tissue confirmed an inverse spatial distribution of ER with NF-κB2 and RelB nuclear expression in tumour cells. Interestingly, NF-κB2 and RelB mRNA expression was inversely correlated with ER gene (ESR1) levels (P<0.001, both) and its activation was significantly associated with worse DFS (P=0.005 and P=0.035, respectively) in ER+ breast cancer. Moreover, the co-activation of both subunits showed a stronger association with early relapse (P=0.002) and OS (P=0.001). Finally, higher expression of the non-canonical NF-κB target gene myoglobin was associated with a poor outcome in ER+ breast cancer (DFS, P<0.05). Conclusions: The non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation is inversely associated with oestrogen receptor expression in ER+ breast cancer and predicts poor survival in this subgroup. The myoglobin gene expression has been identified as a possible surrogate marker of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jessica Furriol
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ma Jesús Nicolau
- Pathology Department Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, 12004 Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaime Ferrer
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgués
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - MohammadA Sabbaghi
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ion Cristobal
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Serrano
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Servitja
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Tusquets
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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42
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Merga YJ, O'Hara A, Burkitt MD, Duckworth CA, Probert CS, Campbell BJ, Pritchard DM. Importance of the alternative NF-κB activation pathway in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1081-90. [PMID: 27102559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common factor in the development of many gastrointestinal malignancies. Examples include inflammatory bowel disease predisposing to colorectal cancer, Barrett's esophagus as a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer. The classical activation pathway of NF-κB signaling has been identified as regulating several sporadic and inflammation-associated gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Emerging evidence suggests that the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway also exerts a distinct influence on these processes. This review brings together current knowledge of the role of the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastrointestinal tract, with a particular emphasis on inflammation-associated cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette J Merga
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian O'Hara
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S Probert
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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43
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The Ubiquitination of NF-κB Subunits in the Control of Transcription. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020023. [PMID: 27187478 PMCID: PMC4931672 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB has evolved as a latent, inducible family of transcription factors fundamental in the control of the inflammatory response. The transcription of hundreds of genes involved in inflammation and immune homeostasis require NF-κB, necessitating the need for its strict control. The inducible ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the cytoplasmic inhibitor of κB (IκB) proteins promotes the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. More recently, an additional role for ubiquitination in the regulation of NF-κB activity has been identified. In this case, the ubiquitination and degradation of the NF-κB subunits themselves plays a critical role in the termination of NF-κB activity and the associated transcriptional response. While there is still much to discover, a number of NF-κB ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases have now been identified which coordinate to regulate the NF-κB transcriptional response. This review will focus the regulation of NF-κB subunits by ubiquitination, the key regulatory components and their impact on NF-κB directed transcription.
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44
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Baud V, Collares D. Post-Translational Modifications of RelB NF-κB Subunit and Associated Functions. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020022. [PMID: 27153093 PMCID: PMC4931671 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of NF-κB transcription factors plays a key role in diverse biological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses, cell survival and tumor development. Beyond the classical NF-κB activation pathway, a second NF-κB pathway has more recently been uncovered, the so-called alternative NF-κB activation pathway. It has been shown that this pathway mainly controls the activity of RelB, a member of the NF-κB family. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation, have recently emerged as a strategy for the fine-tuned regulation of NF-κB. Our review discusses recent progress in the understanding of RelB regulation by post-translational modifications and the associated functions in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Baud
- NF-κB, Differentiation and Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Davi Collares
- NF-κB, Differentiation and Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
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45
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Stouch AN, McCoy AM, Greer RM, Lakhdari O, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Hoffman HM, Prince LS. IL-1β and Inflammasome Activity Link Inflammation to Abnormal Fetal Airway Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3411-20. [PMID: 26951798 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in the developing preterm lung leads to disrupted airway morphogenesis and chronic lung disease in human neonates. However, the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation and the pathways controlling airway morphogenesis remain unclear. In this article, we show that IL-1β released by activated fetal lung macrophages is the key inflammatory mediator that disrupts airway morphogenesis. In mouse lung explants, blocking IL-1β expression, posttranslational processing, and signaling protected the formation of new airways from the inhibitory effects ofEscherichia coliLPS. Consistent with a critical role for IL-1β, mice expressing a gain-of-functionNlrp3allele and subsequent overactive inflammasome activity displayed abnormal saccular-stage lung morphogenesis and died soon after birth. Although the early-stage fetal lung appeared capable of mounting an NF-κB-mediated immune response, airway formation became more sensitive to inflammation later in development. This period of susceptibility coincided with higher expression of multiple inflammasome components that could increase the ability to release bioactive IL-1β. Macrophages fromNlrp3gain-of-function mice also expressed higher levels of more mature cell surface markers, additionally linking inflammasome activation with macrophage maturation. These data identify developmental expression of the inflammasome and IL-1β release by fetal lung macrophages as key mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for neonatal lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Stouch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alyssa M McCoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rachel M Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Omar Lakhdari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lawrence S Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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46
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Meyerovich K, Fukaya M, Terra LF, Ortis F, Eizirik DL, Cardozo AK. The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is induced by cytokines in pancreatic beta cells and contributes to cell death and proinflammatory responses in vitro. Diabetologia 2016; 59:512-21. [PMID: 26634571 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB by proinflammatory cytokines plays an important role in beta cell demise in type 1 diabetes. Two main signalling pathways are known to activate NF-κB, namely the canonical and the non-canonical pathways. Up to now, studies on the role of NF-κB activation in beta cells have focused on the canonical pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cytokines activate the non-canonical pathway in beta cells, how this pathway is regulated and the consequences of its activation on beta cell fate. METHODS NF-κB signalling was analysed by immunoblotting, promoter reporter assays and real-time RT-PCR, after knockdown or overexpression of key genes/proteins. INS-1E cells, FACS-purified rat beta cells and the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 exposed to cytokines were used as models. RESULTS IL-1β plus IFN-γ induced stabilisation of NF-κB-inducing kinase and increased the expression and cleavage of p100 protein, culminating in the nuclear translocation of p52, the hallmark of the non-canonical signalling. This activation relied on different crosstalks between the canonical and non-canonical pathways, some of which were beta cell specific. Importantly, cytokine-mediated activation of the non-canonical pathway controlled the expression of 'late' NF-κB-dependent genes, regulating both pro-apoptotic and inflammatory responses, which are implicated in beta cell loss in early type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The atypical activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway by proinflammatory cytokines constitutes a novel 'feed-forward' mechanism that contributes to the particularly pro-apoptotic effect of NF-κB in beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Meyerovich
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, CP 618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Makiko Fukaya
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, CP 618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leticia F Terra
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, CP 618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, CP 618, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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47
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Wallach D. The cybernetics of TNF: Old views and newer ones. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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48
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Jaworski M, Thome M. The paracaspase MALT1: biological function and potential for therapeutic inhibition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:459-73. [PMID: 26507244 PMCID: PMC4713714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The paracaspase MALT1 has a central role in the activation of lymphocytes and other immune cells including myeloid cells, mast cells and NK cells. MALT1 activity is required not only for the immune response, but also for the development of natural Treg cells that keep the immune response in check. Exaggerated MALT1 activity has been associated with the development of lymphoid malignancies, and recently developed MALT1 inhibitors show promising anti-tumor effects in xenograft models of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this review, we provide an overview of the present understanding of MALT1's function, and discuss possibilities for its therapeutic targeting based on recently developed inhibitors and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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49
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Busch R, Murti K, Liu J, Patra AK, Muhammad K, Knobeloch KP, Lichtinger M, Bonifer C, Wörtge S, Waisman A, Reifenberg K, Ellenrieder V, Serfling E, Avots A. NFATc1 releases BCL6-dependent repression of CCR2 agonist expression in peritoneal macrophages from Saccharomyces cerevisiae infected mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:634-46. [PMID: 26631626 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The link between the extensive usage of calcineurin (CN) inhibitors cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK506) in transplantation medicine and the increasing rate of opportunistic infections within this segment of patients is alarming. Currently, how peritoneal infections are favored by these drugs, which impair the activity of several signaling pathways including the Ca(++) /CN/NFAT, Ca(++) /CN/cofilin, Ca(++) /CN/BAD, and NF-κB networks, is unknown. Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae infection of peritoneal resident macrophages triggers the transient nuclear translocation of NFATc1β isoforms, resulting in a coordinated, CN-dependent induction of the Ccl2, Ccl7, and Ccl12 genes, all encoding CCR2 agonists. CN inhibitors block the CCR2-dependent recruitment of inflammatory monocytes (IM) to the peritoneal cavities of S. cerevisiae infected mice. In myeloid cells, NFATc1/β proteins represent the most prominent NFATc1 isoforms. NFATc1/β ablation leads to a decrease of CCR2 chemokines, impaired mobilization of IMs, and delayed clearance of infection. We show that, upon binding to a composite NFAT/BCL6 regulatory element within the Ccl2 promoter, NFATc1/β proteins release the BCL6-dependent repression of Ccl2 gene in macrophages. These findings suggest a novel CN-dependent cross-talk between NFAT and BCL6 transcription factors, which may affect the outcome of opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Busch
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jiming Liu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amiya K Patra
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Monika Lichtinger
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simone Wörtge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andris Avots
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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50
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Welsby I, Goriely S. Regulation of Interleukin-23 Expression in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:167-189. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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