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Yu W, Xie D, Yamamoto T, Koyama H, Cheng J. Mechanistic insights of soluble uric acid-induced insulin resistance: Insulin signaling and beyond. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:327-343. [PMID: 36715824 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by purine nucleotide metabolism disorder. The prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing worldwide, with a growing trend in the younger populations. Although numerous studies have indicated that hyperuricemia may be an independent risk factor for insulin resistance, the causal relationship between the two is controversial. There are few reviews, however, focusing on the relationship between uric acid (UA) and insulin resistance from experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the experimental models related to soluble UA-induced insulin resistance in pancreas and peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, liver, heart/cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the key mechanism of UA-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, we attempt to identify novel targets for the treatment of hyperuricemia-related insulin resistance. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches to solve the chicken-and-egg dilemma between UA and insulin resistance, and provide strategies for the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperuricemia related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Health Evaluation Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart disease associated with insulin resistance conditions. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:21-31. [PMID: 34807312 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a key role in the development and progression of obesity, diabetes, and their complications. Moreover, insulin resistance is considered the principal link between metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Heart disease associated with insulin resistance is one of the most important consequences of both obesity and diabetes, and it is characterized by impaired cardiac energetics, diastolic dysfunction, and finally heart failure. Mitochondrion plays a key role in cell energy homeostasis and is the main source of reactive oxygen species. Obesity and diabetes are associated with alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by changes in mitochondrial respiratory chain with reduced ATP production and elevated reactive oxygen species production. These mitochondrial alterations together with inflammation contribute to the development and progression of heart disease under insulin resistance conditions. Finally, numerous miRNAs participate in the regulation of energy substrate metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptotic pathways within the mitochondria. This notion supports the relevance of interactions between miRNAs and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of metabolic heart disease.
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Chen Y, Chai Q, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Shan Y, Lu D, Liu M, Wu W. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108983. [PMID: 34311023 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study is aimed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS We retrospect the consecutive medical files of 160 T2DM patients and recorded their clinical information and laboratory findings. Patients were divided into CMD group (n = 87) and non-CMD group (n = 73). We compared the NLR values of the two groups. Meanwhile we also observed the prevalence of CMD at different NLR levels. Then, logistic regression and ROC analysis were performed. RESULTS NLR value of CMD group was significantly lower than non-CMD group (2.01 ± 0.74 vs 2.53 ± 0.69, P<0.001). Prevalence of CMD in low (NLR ≤ 1.53, n = 30), medium (1.53 < NLR ≤ 2.20, n = 53) and high (NLR > 2.20, n = 77) group were 90%, 61.1%, and 39.2% respectively. The prevalence of CMD significantly increased as NLR level decreased. After adjusting potential related factors, NLR was still significantly correlated with CMD (OR = 0.295, 95 %CI:0.162-0.539, P < 0.001). The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.707 (95 %CI:0.627-0.786, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that NLR is associated with CMD in T2DM patients, and the prevalence of CMD may increase as NLR level decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexue Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Erukainure OL, Msomi NZ, Beseni BK, Salau VF, Ijomone OM, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Cola nitida infusion modulates cardiometabolic activities linked to cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112335. [PMID: 34129900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic mechanism of Cola nitida seeds on diabetic cardiomyopathy in hearts of diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats were treated with C. nitida infusion at 150 or 300 mg/kg body weight (bw). The rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of treatment, and their hearts harvested. There was an upsurge in oxidative stress on induction of T2D as depicted by the depleted levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and elevated malondialdehyde level. The activities of acetylcholinesterase, and ATPase were significantly elevated, with suppressed ENTPDase and 5'nucleotodase activities in hearts of T2D rats depicting cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions. Induction of T2D further led to elevated activity of ACE and altered myocardial morphology. Treatment with C. nitida infusion led to reversal of these biomarkers' activities and levels, while maintaining an intact morphology. The infusion caused decreased lipase activity and depletion of diabetes-generated cardiac lipid metabolites, while concomitantly generating saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, fatty esters and alcohols. There was also an inactivation of plasmalogen synthesis and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids pathways in T2D rats treated with C. nitida infusion. These results indicate the therapeutic effect of C. nitida infusion against diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Nontokozo Z Msomi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Brian K Beseni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Myocardium Metabolism in Physiological and Pathophysiological States: Implications of Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072641. [PMID: 32290181 PMCID: PMC7177518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The main energy substrate of adult cardiomyocytes for their contractility are the fatty acids. Its metabolism generates high ATP levels at the expense of high oxygen consumption in the mitochondria. Under low oxygen supply, they can get energy from other substrates, mainly glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, etc., but the mitochondrial dysfunction, in pathological conditions, reduces the oxidative metabolism. In consequence, fatty acids are stored into epicardial fat and its accumulation provokes inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, which enhance the myocardium dysfunction. Some therapies focused on improvement the fatty acids entry into mitochondria have failed to demonstrate benefits on cardiovascular disorders. Oppositely, those therapies with effects on epicardial fat volume and inflammation might improve the oxidative metabolism of myocardium and might reduce the cardiovascular disease progression. This review aims at explain (a) the energy substrate adaptation of myocardium in physiological conditions, (b) the reduction of oxidative metabolism in pathological conditions and consequences on epicardial fat accumulation and insulin resistance, and (c) the reduction of cardiovascular outcomes after regulation by some therapies.
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Miklishanskaya SV, Solomasova LV, Mazur MA. Obesity and Mechanisms of its Negative Impact on the Cardiovascular System. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-02-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the number of obese people in the world is constantly increasing. Obesity has a direct negative impact on the heart and blood vessels, which can be considered not only as an appropriate response to an increase in the volume of circulating blood due to an increase in body weight, but also as a side tissue reaction of the myocardium to hormonal and metabolic changes inherent in obesity. Our review is devoted to the description of the mechanisms of influence of obesity on the structural and functional parameters of the heart, which create prerequisites for the development of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the existing contradictions. Currently, the accumulated data suggest that an excessive amount of adipose tissue, in addition to metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, imbalance of adipokines and inflammation markers, leading to the development of lipotoxicity, can directly penetrate the myocardium and cause violations of its contractile properties, as well as affect the conduction of excitation pulses and provoke the development of rhythm and conduction disorders. The development of endothelial dysfunction in obesity ultimately leads to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. In addition, obesity contributes to the emergence of risk factors for hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Given the differences in the literature on the effect of obesity on long-term outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases, it is important to conduct prospective studies on the role of individual factors and their combinations that affect the mortality of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. A. Mazur
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
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7
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Sanches E, Timmermans M, Topal B, Celik A, Sundbom M, Ribeiro R, Parmar C, Ugale S, Proczko M, Stepaniak PS, Pujol Rafols J, Mahawar K, Buise MP, Neimark A, Severin R, Pouwels S. Cardiac remodeling in obesity and after bariatric and metabolic surgery; is there a role for gastro-intestinal hormones? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:771-790. [PMID: 31746657 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1690991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is associated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. It affects several organ systems, including the pulmonary and cardiac systems. Furthermore, it induces pulmonary and cardiac changes that can result in right and/or left heart failure.Areas covered: In this review, authors provide an overview of obesity and cardiovascular remodeling, the individual actions of the gut hormones (like GLP-1 and PYY), the effects after bariatric/metabolic surgery and its influence on cardiac remodeling. In this review, we focussed and searched for literature in Pubmed and The Cochrane library (from the earliest date until April 2019), regarding cardiac function changes before and after bariatric surgery and literature regarding changes in gastrointestinal hormones.Expert opinion: Regarding the surgical treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases there is recognition of the importance of both weight loss (bariatric surgery) and improvement in metabolic milieu (metabolic surgery). A growing body of evidence further suggests that bariatric surgical procedures [like the Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), or One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)] have can improve outcomes of patients suffering from a number of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Sanches
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Timmermans
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Besir Topal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alper Celik
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Sisli, Turkey
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centro Multidisciplinar da Doença Metabólica, Clínica de Santo António, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chetan Parmar
- Department of Surgery, Whittington Hospital, London, UK
| | - Surendra Ugale
- Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery Clinic, Kirloskar Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Gdansk University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pieter S Stepaniak
- Department of Operating Rooms, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kamal Mahawar
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK
| | - Marc P Buise
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Neimark
- Department of Surgery, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rich Severin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Sjaak Pouwels
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Hou C, Zhang W, Li J, Du L, Lv O, Zhao S, Li J. Beneficial Effects of Pomegranate on Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800773. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization Xi'an 710119 China
- School of Public HealthShaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046 China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization Xi'an 710119 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Lin Du
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ou Lv
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Shengjuan Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization Xi'an 710119 China
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9
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Connelly KA, Gilbert RE, Liu P. Treatment of Diabetes in People With Heart Failure. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42 Suppl 1:S196-S200. [PMID: 29650096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Mellor KM, Brimble MA, Delbridge LM. Glucose as an agent of post-translational modification in diabetes — New cardiac epigenetic insights. Life Sci 2015; 129:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Sénéchal M, Ayers CR, Szczepaniak LS, Gore MO, See R, Abdullah SM, Berry JD, McGuire DK, McGavock JM. Is cardiorespiratory fitness a determinant of cardiomyopathy in the setting of type 2 diabetes? Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:343-51. [PMID: 25027700 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114540924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether high fitness attenuates the defects in left ventricular (LV) structure, function and triglyceride (TG) content in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients (n = 74) with T2DM and ≥1 additional cardiac risk factor were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Outcome measures of interest were LV structure and function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and myocardial TG content by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The primary exposure variable was cardiorespiratory fitness defined by peak oxygen consumption scaled to fat-free mass (FFM; VO2peak-FFM). RESULTS Mean age was 53.5 years; 42.9% were women and mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.0% with the mean duration of T2DM 8.2 years. VO2peak-FFM was crudely associated with both LV end systolic (r = 0.35, p = 0.002) and diastolic volumes (r = 0.32, p = 0.004), but not with ejection fraction (r = -0.15, p = 0.206), myocardial TG (r = -0.04, p = 0.734) or early diastolic peak filling rate (PFR; r = -0.01, p = 0.887). In multiple linear regression analyses, among measures of LV structure/function, VO2peak-FFM was independently associated only with LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) (β = 1.037, p = 0.038). CONCLUSION In individuals with T2DM at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, cardiorespiratory fitness is not associated with LV morphology, function or myocardial TG content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sénéchal
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Colby R Ayers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - M Odette Gore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raphael See
- Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuaib M Abdullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jarett D Berry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Darren K McGuire
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M McGavock
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Liu J, Tang Y, Feng Z, Liu J, Liu J, Long J. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuated myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:898-906. [PMID: 24797301 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.920955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for heart disease. However, the mechanisms of T2DM involvement in cardiac complications are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated mitochondria-related mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of myocardial disorders in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. We found that remarkable myocardial mitochondrial deficiency and dysfunction as well as oxidative stress occurred in the heart of GK rats. In addition, our results suggested that the loss of mitochondria was in response to elevated autophagy and upstream FoxO factors in diabetic myocardium. More importantly, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol derived from green tea, successfully improved mitochondrial function and autophagy in the heart of GK rats. Our findings revealed that diabetes-associated myocardial mitochondrial deficiency and dysfunction was associated with enhanced autophagy in myocardium, and EGCG might be a potential agent in preventing and treating myocardial disorders involved in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P. R. China
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13
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Macedo MP, Lima IS, Gaspar JM, Afonso RA, Patarrão RS, Kim YB, Ribeiro RT. Risk of postprandial insulin resistance: the liver/vagus rapport. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2014; 15:67-77. [PMID: 24174131 PMCID: PMC4000159 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-013-9281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of a meal is the greatest challenge faced by glucose homeostasis. The surge of nutrients has to be disposed quickly, as high concentrations in the bloodstream may have pathophysiological effects, and also properly, as misplaced reserves may induce problems in affected tissues. Thus, loss of the ability to adequately dispose of ingested nutrients can be expected to lead to glucose intolerance, and favor the development of pathologies. Achieving interplay of several organs is of upmost importance to maintain effectively postprandial glucose clearance, with the liver being responsible of orchestrating global glycemic control. This dogmatic role of the liver in postprandial insulin sensitivity is tightly associated with the vagus nerve. Herein, we uncover the behaviour of metabolic pathways determined by hepatic parasympathetic function status, in physiology and in pathophysiology. Likewise, the inquiry expands to address the impact of a modern lifestyle, especially one's feeding habits, on the hepatic parasympathetic nerve control of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal,
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Joshi M, Kotha SR, Malireddy S, Selvaraju V, Satoskar AR, Palesty A, McFadden DW, Parinandi NL, Maulik N. Conundrum of pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: role of vascular endothelial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondria. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 386:233-49. [PMID: 24307101 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure have been recognized as the leading causes of mortality among diabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been characterized primarily by the manifestation of left ventricular dysfunction that is independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension among the patients affected by diabetes mellitus. A complex array of contributing factors including the hypertrophy of left ventricle, alterations of metabolism, microvascular pathology, insulin resistance, fibrosis, apoptotic cell death, and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy are yet to be established. The critical involvement of multifarious factors including the vascular endothelial dysfunction, microangiopathy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified in the mechanism of pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Although it is difficult to establish how each factor contributes to disease, the involvement of ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as front-runners in the mechanism of pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review highlights the role of vascular endothelial dysfunction, ROS, oxidative stress, and mitochondriopathy in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, the review emphasizes that the puzzle has to be solved to firmly establish the mitochondrial and/or ROS mechanism(s) by identifying their most critical molecular players involved at both spatial and temporal levels in diabetic cardiomyopathy as targets for specific and effective pharmacological/therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandip Joshi
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
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15
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Howlett JG, MacFadyen JC. Traitement du diabète chez les personnes atteintes d'insuffisance cardiaque. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mellor KM, Bell JR, Ritchie RH, Delbridge LMD. Myocardial insulin resistance, metabolic stress and autophagy in diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:56-61. [PMID: 22804725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies in humans strongly support a link between insulin resistance and non-ischaemic heart failure. The occurrence of a specific insulin-resistant cardiomyopathy, independent of vascular abnormalities, is now recognized. The progression of cardiac pathology linked with insulin resistance is poorly understood. Cardiac insulin resistance is characterized by reduced availability of sarcolemmal Glut-4 transporters and consequent lower glucose uptake. A shift away from glycolysis towards fatty acid oxidation for ATP supply is apparent and is associated with myocardial oxidative stress. Reliance of cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction coupling on glycolytically derived ATP supply potentially renders cardiac function vulnerable to the metabolic remodelling adaptations observed in diabetes development. Findings from Glut-4-knockout mice demonstrate that cardiomyocytes with extreme glucose uptake deficiency exhibit cardiac hypertrophy and marked excitation-contraction coupling abnormalities characterized by reduced sarcolemmal Ca(2+) influx and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) uptake. The 'milder' phenotype fructose-fed mouse model of type 2 diabetes does not show evidence of cardiac hypertrophy, but cardiomyocyte loss linked with autophagic activation is evident. Fructose feeding induces a marked reduction in intracellular Ca(2+) availability with myofilament adaptation to preserve contractile function in this setting. The cardiac metabolic adaptations of two load-independent models of diabetes, namely the Glut-4-deficient mouse and the fructose-fed mouse are contrasted. The role of autophagy in diabetic cardiopathology is evaluated and anomalies of type 1 versus type 2 diabetic autophagic responses are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Guleria RS, Singh AB, Nizamutdinova IT, Souslova T, Mohammad AA, Kendall JA, Baker KM, Pan J. Activation of retinoid receptor-mediated signaling ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in Zucker diabetic rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 57:106-18. [PMID: 23395853 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Retinoids, through activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR), have been linked to control glucose and lipid homeostasis, with effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the functional role of RAR and RXR in the development of DCM remains unclear. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean rats were treated with Am580 (RARα agonist) or LGD1069 (RXR agonist) for 16 weeks, and cardiac function and metabolic alterations were determined. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance were observed in ZDF rats. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized in ZDF rats by increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling and diminished Akt phosphorylation, along with decreased glucose transport and increased cardiac lipid accumulation, and ultimately diastolic dysfunction. Am580 and LGD1069 attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and the pathological alterations, by improving glucose tolerance and insulin resistance; facilitating Akt activation and glucose utilization, and attenuating oxidative stress and interrelated MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. Am580 inhibited body weight gain, attenuated the increased cardiac fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation and lipid accumulation in the hearts of ZDF rats. However, LGD1069 promoted body weight gain, hyperlipidemia and cardiac lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that activation of RAR and RXR may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of RAR and RXR in the regulation of lipid metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
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Zhu Y, Pereira RO, O'Neill BT, Riehle C, Ilkun O, Wende AR, Rawlings TA, Zhang YC, Zhang Q, Klip A, Shiojima I, Walsh K, Abel ED. Cardiac PI3K-Akt impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake independent of mTORC1 and GLUT4 translocation. Mol Endocrinol 2012. [PMID: 23204326 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake characterizes cardiac muscle in humans and animals with insulin resistance and diabetes, despite preserved or enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the serine-threonine kinase, Akt-signaling, via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. One potential mechanism is PI3K- and Akt-mediated activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), which may impair insulin-mediated activation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1/2 via inhibitory serine phosphorylation or proteasomal degradation. To gain mechanistic insights by which constitutive activation of PI3K or Akt may desensitize insulin-mediated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes, we examined mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted, constitutive or inducible overexpression of a constitutively activated PI3K or a myristoylated Akt1 (myrAkt1) transgene that also expressed a myc-epitope-tagged glucose transporter type 4 protein (GLUT4). Although short-term activation of PI3K and myrAkt1 increased mTOR and S6 signaling, there was no impairment in insulin-mediated activation of IRS1/2. However, insulin-mediated glucose uptake was reduced by 50-80%. Although longer-term activation of Akt reduced IRS2 protein content via an mTORC1-mediated mechanism, treatment of transgenic mice with rapamycin failed to restore insulin-mediated glucose uptake, despite restoring IRS2. Transgenic activation of Akt and insulin-stimulation of myrAkt1 transgenic cardiomyocytes increased sarcolemmal insertion of myc-GLUT4 to levels equivalent to that observed in insulin-stimulated wild-type controls. Despite preserved GLUT4 translocation, glucose uptake was not elevated by the presence of constitutive activation of PI3K and Akt. Hexokinase II activity was preserved in myrAkt1 hearts. Thus, constitutive activation of PI3K and Akt in cardiomyocytes impairs GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake via mechanisms that impair the function of GLUT4 after its plasma-membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Wölkart G, Schrammel A, Dörffel K, Haemmerle G, Zechner R, Mayer B. Cardiac dysfunction in adipose triglyceride lipase deficiency: treatment with a PPARα agonist. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:380-9. [PMID: 21585347 PMCID: PMC3268192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has been identified as a rate-limiting enzyme of mammalian triglyceride catabolism. Deletion of the ATGL gene in mice results in severe lipid accumulation in a variety of tissues including the heart. In the present study we investigated cardiac function in ATGL-deficient mice and the potential therapeutic effects of the PPARα and γ agonists Wy14,643 and rosiglitazone, respectively. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Hearts isolated from wild-type (WT) mice and ATGL(-/-) mice treated with Wy14,643 (PPARα agonist), rosiglitazone (PPARγ agonist) or vehicle were perfused at a constant flow using the Langendorff technique. Left ventricular (LV) pressure–volume relationships were established, and the response to adrenergic stimulation was determined with noradrenaline (NA). KEY RESULTS Hearts from ATGL(-/-) mice generated higher LV end-diastolic pressure and lower LV developed pressure as a function of intracardiac balloon volume compared to those from WT mice. Likewise, passive wall stress was increased and active wall stress decreased in ATGL(-/-) hearts. Contractile and microvascular responses to NA were substantially reduced in ATGL(-/-) hearts. Cardiac contractility was improved by treating ATGL(-/-) mice with the PPARα agonist Wy14,643 but not with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate that lipid accumulation in mouse hearts caused by ATGL gene deletion severely affects systolic and diastolic function, as well as the response to adrenergic stimulation. The beneficial effects of Wy14,643 suggest that the cardiac phenotype of these mice is partially due to impaired PPARα signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
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Cal R, Castellano J, Revuelta-López E, Aledo R, Barriga M, Farré J, Vilahur G, Nasarre L, Hove-Madsen L, Badimon L, Llorente-Cortés V. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 mediates hypoxia-induced very low density lipoprotein-cholesteryl ester uptake and accumulation in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:469-79. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Fernandes AB, Patarrão RS, Videira PA, Macedo MP. Understanding postprandial glucose clearance by peripheral organs: the role of the hepatic parasympathetic system. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:1288-95. [PMID: 21933289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The hepatic parasympathetic system is one of the major contributors for preserving insulin sensitivity in the postprandial state. Postprandial hepatic vagal control of whole-body glucose clearance and its effect on specific organs remains unknown. Our hypothesis is that, in the postprandial state, the hepatic parasympathetic nerves (HPN) are responsible for a considerable part of extra-hepatic tissue glucose clearance. Two groups of 9-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were studied, comparing sham-operated versus hepatic parasympathetic denervated animals. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated in the postprandial state by the rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST). [(3) H]2-deoxy-d-glucose was administered during the RIST. Plasma glucose rate of the disappearance and clearance by skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, heart and kidney of this radioisotope was measured. The postprandial denervated group showed a decrease insulin sensitivity of 41.4 ± 5.2%. This group of animals showed a decrease in the rate of plasma [(3) H]2-deoxy-d-glucose disappearance and skeletal muscle, heart and kidney glucose clearance by 45%, 35% and 67%, respectively. These studies show that the major contributor of postprandial whole-body glucose clearance was skeletal muscle; in the range 69-38%, depending on HPN integrity. The results obtained in the present study indicate that HPN are crucial for postprandial action of insulin through a mechanism that is essential for maintenance of skeletal muscle, heart and kidney glucose clearance. These results suggest that hepatic parasympathetic dysfunction could lie at the genesis of type 2 diabetes complications, namely insulin resistance, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Fernandes
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Kota SK, Kota SK, Jammula S, Panda S, Modi KD. Effect of diabetes on alteration of metabolism in cardiac myocytes: therapeutic implications. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13:1155-60. [PMID: 21751873 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2011.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct entity in humans. It leads to ventricular dysfunction independent of and additive to coronary artery disease and hypertension. Clinical and experimental studies have pointed to the role of metabolic derangements in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Altered insulin signaling in diabetes leads to decreased myocyte glucose uptake and utilization, associated with an increased concentration of free fatty acids. This results in decreased glucose oxidation and increased fatty acid oxidation. Fatty acids increase mitochondrial oxygen consumption for ATP production and stimulate the uncoupling proteins in mitochondria. These proteins decrease the mitochondrial protein gradient, leading to fall in ATP production. The resultant defect in myocardial energy production impairs myocyte contraction and diastolic function. This is the hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy at earlier stages. In later stages diabetes impairs the myocyte ischemic defense mechanism, leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Other factors contributing toward causation of diabetic cardiomyopathy are collagen accumulation leading to reduced myocardial compliance, accumulation of advanced glycation end product-modified extracellular matrix proteins with subsequent inelasticity of vessel walls and myocytes, abnormal myocardial calcium handling leading to altered mechanics, endothelial dysfunction, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, and impairment of ischemic preconditioning. Trimetazidine acts a metabolic switch, favoring glucose over free fatty acids as the substrate for metabolism in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Kota
- Department of Endocrinology, Medwin Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhrapradesh, India.
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Cruz-Topete D, List EO, Okada S, Kelder B, Kopchick JJ. Proteomic changes in the heart of diet-induced pre-diabetic mice. J Proteomics 2011; 74:716-27. [PMID: 21354350 PMCID: PMC3081671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is strongly associated with obesity. In humans, T2D increases the risk for end organ complications. Among these, heart disease has been ranked as the leading cause of death. We used a proteomic methodology to test the hypothesis that a pre-diabetic state generated by high-fat diet leads to changes in proteins related to heart function and structure. Over 300 protein spots were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Fifteen protein spots were found to be altered (7 decreased and 8 increased) in pre-diabetic hearts. The protein spots were then identified by mass spectrometry and immunoblots. Among the decreased proteins, 3 are involved in heart structure (one isoform of desmin, troponin T2 and α-cardiac actin), 3 are involved in energy metabolism (mitochondrial ATP synthase β subunit, adenylate kinase and creatine kinase) and one is a component of the citric acid cycle (isocitrate dehydrogenase 3). In contrast, proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation (two isoforms of peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase) and the citric acid cycle (three isoforms of malate dehydrogenase) were increased in pre-diabetic hearts. The results suggest that changes in the levels of several heart proteins may have implications in the development of the cardiac phenotype associated to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Bruce Kelder
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
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Jenkins CM, Yang J, Sims HF, Gross RW. Reversible high affinity inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by acyl-CoA: a mechanism integrating glycolytic flux with lipid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11937-50. [PMID: 21258134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis and is regulated by a complex array of allosteric effectors that integrate glycolytic flux with cellular bioenergetics. Here, we demonstrate the direct, potent, and reversible inhibition of purified rabbit muscle PFK-1 by low micromolar concentrations of long chain fatty acyl-CoAs (apparent Ki∼1 μM). In sharp contrast, short chain acyl-CoAs, palmitoylcarnitine, and palmitic acid in the presence of CoASH were without effect. Remarkably, MgAMP and MgADP but not MgATP protected PFK-1 against inhibition by palmitoyl-CoA indicating that acyl-CoAs regulate PFK-1 activity in concert with cellular high energy phosphate status. Furthermore, incubation of PFK-1 with [1-(14)C]palmitoyl-CoA resulted in robust acylation of the enzyme that was reversible by incubation with acyl-protein thioesterase-1 (APT1). Importantly, APT1 reversed palmitoyl-CoA-mediated inhibition of PFK-1 activity. Mass spectrometric analyses of palmitoylated PFK-1 revealed four sites of acylation, including Cys-114, Cys-170, Cys-351, and Cys-577. PFK-1 in both skeletal muscle extracts and in purified form was inhibited by S-hexadecyl-CoA, a nonhydrolyzable palmitoyl-CoA analog, demonstrating that covalent acylation of PFK-1 was not required for inhibition. Tryptic footprinting suggested that S-hexadecyl-CoA induced a conformational change in PFK-1. Both palmitoyl-CoA and S-hexadecyl-CoA increased the association of PFK-1 with Ca2+/calmodulin, which attenuated the binding of palmitoylated PFK-1 to membrane vesicles. Collectively, these results demonstrate that fatty acyl-CoA modulates phosphofructokinase activity through both covalent and noncovalent interactions to regulate glycolytic flux and enzyme membrane localization via the branch point metabolic node that mediates lipid flux through anabolic and catabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Deficiency in AMP-activated protein kinase exaggerates high fat diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:712-22. [PMID: 21167835 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AMPK, a metabolic sensor, protects against ischemic injury and cardiac hypertrophy although its role in obesity is unclear. This study was designed to examine the impact of AMPK deficiency on cardiac dysfunction following high fat feeding. Adult WT and transgenic mice overexpressing a kinase dead (KD) α2 isoform (K45R mutation) of AMPK were fed a low or high fat diet for 20 weeks. DEXA was used to confirm adiposity. Wheat germ agglutinin immunostaining was used to evaluate myocardial histology. Myocardial function was evaluated using echocardiography and edge-detection. AMPK activity was analyzed using fluorescence polarization assays. [1-(14)C] oleate was used to determine fatty acid oxidation. Expression of AMPK, α1, α2, ACC, Akt, the Glut-4 translocation mediator Akt substrate of 160KD (AS160), mTOR, total and membrane Glut-4 was evaluated using Western blot. AMPK activity was decreased in KD mice regardless of diet regimen. High fat diet led to obesity, glucose intolerance and cardiac hypertrophy with accentuated glucose intolerance, dampened fatty acid oxidation and cardiac hypertrophy in KD mice. High fat feeding triggered lower fractional shortening, increased LV mass, left ventricular end diastolic/systolic diameter, decreased PS, ± dL/dt, prolonged TR(90) and intracellular Ca(2+) mishandling with a more pronounced effect in KD mice. High fat diet and AMPK KD lessened AMPKα2 isoform activity and ACC phosphorylation. AMPK deficiency unveiled or accentuated high fat diet-induced decrease in phosphorylation of Akt and AS160, membrane fraction of Glut-4 and mTOR expression (a greater mTOR phosphorylation). Taken together, these data suggest that AMPK deficiency exacerbates obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction, possibly associated with AS160 and mTOR signaling.
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Karasu Ç. Glycoxidative stress and cardiovascular complications in experimentally-induced diabetes: effects of antioxidant treatment. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2010; 4:240-56. [PMID: 21270942 PMCID: PMC3026340 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401004010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease, representing a serious risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications, such as coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and hypertension. Oxidative stress (OS), a feature of DM, is defined as an increase in the steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may occur as a result of increased free radical generation and/or decreased anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. Increasing evidence indicates that hyperglycemia is the initiating cause of the tissue damage in DM, either through repeated acute changes in cellular glucose metabolism, or through long-term accumulation of glycated biomolecules and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are formed by the Maillard process, a non-enzymatic reaction between ketone group of the glucose molecule or aldehydes and the amino groups of proteins that contributes to the aging of proteins and to the pathological complications of DM. In the presence of uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the increased formation of AGEs and lipid peroxidation products exacerbate intracellular OS and results in a loss of molecular integrity, disruption in cellular signaling and homeostasis, followed by inflammation and tissue injury such as endothelium dysfunction, arterial stiffening and microvascular complications. In addition to increased AGE production, there is also evidence of multiple pathways elevating ROS generation in DM, including; enhanced glucose auto-oxidation, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, protein kinase C-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, increased substrate flux through the polyol pathway and stimulation of eicosanoid metabolism. It is, therefore, not surprising that the correction of these variables can result in amelioration of diabetic cardiovascular abnormalities. A linking element between these phenomena is cellular redox imbalance due to glycoxidative stress (GOS). Thus, recent interest has focused on strategies to prevent, reverse or retard GOS in order to modify the natural history of diabetic cardiovascular abnormalities. This review will discuss the links between GOS and diabetes-induced cardiovascular disorders and the effect of antioxidant therapy on altering the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çimen Karasu
- The Leader of Antioxidants in Diabetes-Induced Complications (ADIC) Study Group. Cellular Stress Response & Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cardioprotective effects of a selective B(2) receptor agonist of bradykinin post-acute myocardial infarct. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:562-8. [PMID: 20186129 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardioprotective benefits of bradykinin are attributable to activation of its B(2) receptor (B(2)R)-mediated actions and abolished by B(2)R antagonists. The current experiments evaluated the cardioprotective potential of a potent, long-acting B(2)R-selective agonist peptide analogue of bradykinin, the compound NG291. METHODS We compared the extent of cardiac tissue damage and remodeling and expression pattern of selected genes in mice submitted to acute myocardial infarct (MI) and treated for 1 week with either NG291 [Hyp(3),Thi(5),(N)Chg(7),Thi(8)]-bradykinin or with saline delivered via osmotic minipump. RESULTS Active treatment resulted in better ejection fraction (EF) 69 +/- 1% vs. 61 +/- 3.1% (P = 0.01), (vs. 85 +/- 1.3% in sham-operated controls), fractional shortening (FS) 38 +/- 4% vs. 32 +/- 8% (NS) (vs. 53 +/- 1.2 in sham-operated controls), and fewer markers of myocyte apoptosis (TUNEL-positive nuclei 4.9 +/- 1.1% vs. 9.7 +/- 0.03%, P = 0.03). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) at end point was normal at 110 +/- 4.2 in actively treated mice, but tended to be lower at 104 +/- 4.7 mm Hg in saline controls with decreased cardiac systolic capacity. Expression patterns of selected genes to factors related to tissue injury, inflammation, and metabolism (i.e., the B(1)R, B(2)R, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), TNF-alpha, cardiomyopathy-associated 3 (Cmya3), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4)) showed that acute MI induced significant upregulation of these genes, and active treatment prevented or attenuated this upregulation, whereas the B(2)R agonist itself produced no difference in the myocardium of sham-operated mice. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a selective B(2)R agonist initiated at the time of induction of acute MI in mice had a beneficial effect on cardiac function, tissue remodeling, and inflammation-related tissue gene expression, which may explain its structural and functional benefits.
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Effect of maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy in rats on PPARα-regulated genes in the heart of the male offspring. Proc Nutr Soc 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665109992096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Getting to the heart of the matter: CCN2 plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 4:73-4. [PMID: 19701807 PMCID: PMC2821479 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is overexpressed in diabetes. Diabetic rats possess myocardial and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In a recent report, Wang and colleagues (Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print]) show that CCN2 directly mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as well as that induced by high glucose and fatty acid. CCN2 acted via the TrkA receptor. These data are the subject of this commentary, and emphasize that CCN2 may be an excellent target for therapy in diabetes.
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Majumdar P, Chen S, George B, Sen S, Karmazyn M, Chakrabarti S. Leptin and endothelin-1 mediated increased extracellular matrix protein production and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in diabetic heart disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:452-63. [PMID: 19391127 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of leptin and its interaction with endothelin 1 (ET-1) in fibronectin (FN) synthesis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, two characteristic features of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Endothelial cells [human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)] were examined for FN production and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes for hypertrophy, following incubation with glucose, ET-1, leptin and specific blockers. FN, ET-1, leptin and leptin receptors mRNA expression and FN protein were measured. Myocytes were also morphometrically examined. Furthermore, hearts from streptozotocin-diabetic rats were analysed. RESULTS Glucose caused increased FN mRNA and protein expression in HUVECs and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy along with upregulation of ET-1 mRNA, leptin mRNA and protein. Glucosemimetic effects were seen with leptin and ET-1. Leptin receptor antagonist (leptin quadruple mutant) and dual endothelin A endothelin B (ETA/ETB) receptor blocker bosentan normalized such abnormalities. Hearts from the diabetic animals showed hypertrophy and similar mRNA changes. CONCLUSION These data indicate that in diabetes increased FN production and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy may be mediated through leptin with its interaction with ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Majumdar
- Departments of Pathology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
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Vié B, Sablayrolles S, Létienne R, Vacher B, Darmellah A, Bernard M, Feuvray D, Le Grand B. 3-(R)-[3-(2-methoxyphenylthio-2-(S)-methylpropyl]amino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxathiepine bromhydrate (F 15845) prevents ischemia-induced heart remodeling by reduction of the intracellular Na+ overload. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330:696-703. [PMID: 19515969 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.153122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates whether 3-(R)-[3-(2-methoxyphenylthio-2-(S)-methylpropyl]amino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxathiepine bromhydrate (F 15845), a new, persistent sodium current blocker, can reduce the ischemic Na(+) accumulation and exert short- and long-term cardioprotection after myocardial infarction. First, F 15845 concentration-dependently reduced veratrine-induced diastolic contracture (IC(50) = 0.14 microM) in isolated atria. Second, F 15845 from 1 microM preserved viability in 54.2 +/- 12.5% of isolated cardiomyocytes exposed to lysophosphatidylcholine. Third, the effect of F 15845 on intracellular Na(+) of isolated hearts from control and diabetic db/db mice was monitored using (23)Na-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. F 15845 (0.3 microM) significantly counteracted [Na(+)](i) increase during no-flow ischemia in control mouse hearts. In diabetic db/db mouse hearts, the reduction in [Na(+)](i) was delayed relative to control. However, it was more marked and maintained upon reperfusion. The cardioprotective properties after myocardial infarction associated with short- (24-h) and long-term (14-day) reperfusion were measured in anesthetized rats. After 24-h reperfusion, F 15845 (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct size (32.4 +/- 1.7% with vehicle and 24.2 +/- 3.4% with F 15845; P < 0.05) and decrease of troponin I levels (524 +/- 93 microg/l with vehicle versus 271 +/- 63 microg/l with F 15845; P < 0.05). It is important that F 15845 limits the long-term expansion of infarct size (35.2 +/- 2.6%, n = 19 versus 46.7 +/- 1.6%, n = 27 in the vehicle group; P < 0.001). Overall, F 15845 attenuates [Na(+)](i) and prevents (or reverses) contractile and biochemical dysfunction in ischemic and remodeling heart. F 15845 constitutes a new generation of cardioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vié
- Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 17 Avenue Jean Moulin, 81106 Castres Cedex, France
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Mo ML, Palsson BØ. Understanding human metabolic physiology: a genome-to-systems approach. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Letonturier P. Le diabète frappe toujours au cœur. Presse Med 2008; 37:1351-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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