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Helánová K, Šišáková M, Hnatkova K, Novotný T, Andršová I, Malik M. Development of autonomic heart rate modulations during childhood and adolescence. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:1187-1207. [PMID: 38937370 PMCID: PMC11271370 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Autonomic control of heart rate is well known in adult subjects, but limited data are available on the development of the heart rate control during childhood and adolescence. Continuous 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded in 1045 healthy children and adolescents (550 females) aged 4 to 19 years during postural manoeuvres involving repeated 10-min supine, unsupported sitting, and unsupported standing positions. In each position, heart rate was measured, and heart rate variability indices were evaluated (SDNN, RMSSD, and high (HF) and low (LF) frequency components were obtained). Quasi-normalized HF frequency components were defined as qnHF = HF/(HF + LF). These measurements were, among others, related to age using linear regressions. In supine position, heart rate decreases per year of age were significant in both sexes but lower in females than in males. In standing position, these decreases per year of age were substantially lowered. RMSSD and qnHF indices were independent of age in supine position but significantly decreased with age in sitting and standing positions. Correspondingly, LF/HF proportions showed steep increases with age in sitting and standing positions but not in the supine position. The study suggests that baseline supine parasympathetic influence shows little developmental changes during childhood and adolescence but that in young children, sympathetic branch is less responsive to vagal influence. While vagal influences modulate cardiac periods in young and older children equally, they are less able to suppress the sympathetic influence in younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Helánová
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Šišáková
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Hnatkova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 72 Du Cane Rd, Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0NN, England
| | - Tomáš Novotný
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Andršová
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 72 Du Cane Rd, Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0NN, England
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Minjoz S, Ottaviani E, Phalempin V, Barathon G, Pellissier S, Hot P. Reducing decision-making deficits in patients with brain injury: effect of slow-paced breathing. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36645323 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2166838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in decision-making have been reported in brain-damaged (stroke/traumatic brain injury) patients with a wide range of lesion sites. Here, we propose that the performances of patients in complex sequential decision-making (DM) tasks can be explained by their negative affectivity, leading to deliberative processing associated with poor DM performances. We assumed that a slow-paced breathing (SPB) training, by reducing negative affectivity would improve performances in a complex DM task. For 24 days, 34 brain-damaged patients (16 males and 18 females; 12 had a hemorrhagic stroke, 17 with an ischemic stroke and 5 with a TBI), practiced either daily SPB or sham trainings for five min, three times a day. Before and after training, we assessed their vagal tone (electrocardiogram-ECG), affectivity (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-PANAS) and certainty level (Dimensional Ratings Questionnaire-DRQ) and their performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. All participants showed initial weak performance, which improved only for patients in the SPB training condition. These results suggest that DM disorders in brain-damaged patients can be the consequence of their poor information processing strategy rather than an impairment in their DM abilities. Second, we showed that SPB could be efficient to normalize DM processes in brain injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séphora Minjoz
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognitions et Changement social (LIP-PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Ottaviani
- Centre de médecine physique et réadaptation, Domaine Saint Alban, St Alban Leysse, France
| | - Valérian Phalempin
- Centre de médecine physique et réadaptation, Domaine Saint Alban, St Alban Leysse, France
| | - Gilles Barathon
- Centre de médecine physique et réadaptation, Domaine Saint Alban, St Alban Leysse, France
| | - Sonia Pellissier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognitions et Changement social (LIP-PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Hot
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Candia-Rivera D, Catrambone V, Barbieri R, Valenza G. Integral pulse frequency modulation model driven by sympathovagal dynamics: Synthetic vs. real heart rate variability. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ralevski E, Petrakis I, Altemus M. Heart rate variability in alcohol use: A review. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 176:83-92. [PMID: 30529588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown that resting heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in those with alcohol use disorders (AUD). However, HRV following an acute stressful stimulus (reactive HRV), and the relationship between resting or reactive HRV and drinking, craving and relapse in AUD have received less attention. METHODS Studies using HRV in relationship to acute or chronic alcohol consumption were included in this review. Manuscripts that related to alcohol in the context of cardiovascular disease were excluded. RESULTS Thirty-three articles were included and findings are presented in healthy social drinkers, moderate/heavy drinkers without AUD and individuals with AUD. Results on resting and reactive HRV were presented separately. Acute alcohol reduced resting HRV in healthy subjects but healthy controls had higher resting HRV then AUD subjects and moderate/heavy drinkers (in some studies). Resting HRV improved in AUD subjects only after at least 4 months of abstinence. AUD subjects had higher reactive HRV scores when compared to controls. In AUD subjects increased reactivity was related to more craving, faster relapse and more negative mood. Reactive HRV showed slower improvement with abstinence in AUD subjects. CONCLUSIONS Chronic, heavy alcohol has a negative effect on the autonomic nervous system and may be a sensitive biomarker of craving and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismene Petrakis
- Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America
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Sutherland A, Freer J, Evans L, Dolci A, Crotti M, Macdonald JH. MEDEX 2015: Heart Rate Variability Predicts Development of Acute Mountain Sickness. High Alt Med Biol 2017; 18:199-208. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angus Sutherland
- Anaesthetic Department, Portsmouth Hospitals Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Freer
- The BMJ, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Evans
- Intensive Care Department, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Dolci
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Crotti
- School of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jamie Hugo Macdonald
- Extremes Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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Bolea J, Pueyo E, Orini M, Bailón R. Influence of Heart Rate in Non-linear HRV Indices as a Sampling Rate Effect Evaluated on Supine and Standing. Front Physiol 2016; 7:501. [PMID: 27895588 PMCID: PMC5108795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize and attenuate the influence of mean heart rate (HR) on nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) indices (correlation dimension, sample, and approximate entropy) as a consequence of being the HR the intrinsic sampling rate of HRV signal. This influence can notably alter nonlinear HRV indices and lead to biased information regarding autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation. First, a simulation study was carried out to characterize the dependence of nonlinear HRV indices on HR assuming similar ANS modulation. Second, two HR-correction approaches were proposed: one based on regression formulas and another one based on interpolating RR time series. Finally, standard and HR-corrected HRV indices were studied in a body position change database. The simulation study showed the HR-dependence of non-linear indices as a sampling rate effect, as well as the ability of the proposed HR-corrections to attenuate mean HR influence. Analysis in a body position changes database shows that correlation dimension was reduced around 21% in median values in standing with respect to supine position (p < 0.05), concomitant with a 28% increase in mean HR (p < 0.05). After HR-correction, correlation dimension decreased around 18% in standing with respect to supine position, being the decrease still significant. Sample and approximate entropy showed similar trends. HR-corrected nonlinear HRV indices could represent an improvement in their applicability as markers of ANS modulation when mean HR changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bolea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y NanomedicinaZaragoza, Spain
- BSICoS Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), ISS Aragón, Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y NanomedicinaZaragoza, Spain
- BSICoS Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), ISS Aragón, Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Orini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y NanomedicinaZaragoza, Spain
- BSICoS Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), ISS Aragón, Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
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Nakagaki A, Inami T, Minoura T, Baba R, Iwase S, Sato M. Differences in autonomic neural activity during exercise between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:951-9. [PMID: 27121772 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the hypothesis that autonomic neural activity in pregnant women during exercise varies according to gestational age. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 20 healthy women in their second (n = 13) or third (n = 7) trimester of pregnancy. Incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed with an electromagnetic cycle ergometer. Heart rate variability was analyzed by frequency analysis software. RESULTS The low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, an indicator of the sympathetic nervous system, was significantly higher in third trimester than in second trimester subjects (P < 0.05) at 1, 2, and 3 min of incremental exercise testing. In contrast, the HF/total power ratio, an indicator of rapidly acting parasympathetic activity, was significantly higher in second trimester than in third trimester subjects (P < 0.05) at 2 and 3 min. In addition, a negative correlation was found between gestational age and the 'accumulation half-time' of the LH/HF ratio, the time point at which the sum of the LF/HF ratio reached 50% of that accumulated in the total 6 min of exercise testing (r = -0.49, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS The autonomic response to exercise in pregnant women differs between the second and third trimesters. These differences should be considered when prescribing exercise to pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Nakagaki
- School of Nursing/Graduate School of Nursing, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inami
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Minoura
- School of Nursing & Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reizo Baba
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Centre, Obu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwase
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Gąsior JS, Sacha J, Jeleń PJ, Pawłowski M, Werner B, Dąbrowski MJ. Interaction Between Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate in Pediatric Population. Front Physiol 2015; 6:385. [PMID: 26733878 PMCID: PMC4684141 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is primarily heart rate (HR) dependent, and therefore, different HR may exert different impact on HRV. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of HR on HRV in children and to determine whether HRV indices normalized to HR are sex- and age-related. Methods: Short-term ECG recordings were performed in 346 healthy children. Standard time and frequency domain HRV parameters and HR were analyzed in four age subgroups (6–7, 8–9, 10–11, and 12–13 years old). To investigate the HR impact on HRV, standard HRV parameters were normalized to prevailing HR. Results: Standard HRV measures did not differ between age subgroups, however, HR significantly decreased with subjects age and turned out to be the strongest determinant of HRV. The normalization of HRV to prevailing HR allowed to show that sex-related differences in standard HRV resulted from differences in HR between boys and girls. The normalized HRV significantly decreased with age—before the normalization this effect was masked by age-related HR alterations. Conclusions: HR significantly impacts HRV in pediatric population and turns out to be the strongest determinant of all standard HRV indices. The differences in standard HRV between boys and girls result from differences in their HR. The normalized HRV is decreasing with age in healthy children and it is accompanied by the reduction of HR—as a net result, the standard HRV is constant in children at different ages. This may reflect the maturation of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub S Gąsior
- Cardiology Clinic of Physiotherapy Division of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sacha
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology Opole, Poland
| | - Piotr J Jeleń
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pawłowski
- Cardiology Clinic of Physiotherapy Division of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek J Dąbrowski
- Cardiology Clinic of Physiotherapy Division of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
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Pradhapan P, Tarvainen MP, Nieminen T, Lehtinen R, Nikus K, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viik J. Effect of heart rate correction on pre- and post-exercise heart rate variability to predict risk of mortality-an experimental study on the FINCAVAS cohort. Front Physiol 2014; 5:208. [PMID: 24917825 PMCID: PMC4042064 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-linear inverse relationship between RR-intervals and heart rate (HR) contributes significantly to the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and their performance in mortality prediction. To determine the level of influence HR exerts over HRV parameters' prognostic power, we studied the predictive performance for different HR levels by applying eight correction procedures, multiplying or dividing HRV parameters by the mean RR-interval (RRavg) to the power 0.5-16. Data collected from 1288 patients in The Finnish Cardiovascular Study (FINCAVAS), who satisfied the inclusion criteria, was used for the analyses. HRV parameters (RMSSD, VLF Power and LF Power) were calculated from 2-min segment in the rest phase before exercise and 2-min recovery period immediately after peak exercise. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to determine the predictive performance for each parameter with and without HR corrections in rest and recovery phases. The division of HRV parameters by segment's RRavg to the power 2 (HRVDIV-2) showed the highest predictive performance under the rest phase (RMSSD: 0.67/0.66; VLF Power: 0.70/0.62; LF Power: 0.79/0.65; cardiac mortality/non-cardiac mortality) with minimum correlation to HR (r = -0.15 to 0.15). In the recovery phase, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis revealed good risk stratification capacity at HRVDIV-2 in both groups (cardiac and non-cardiac mortality). Although higher powers of correction (HRVDIV-4and HRVDIV-8) improved predictive performance during recovery, they induced an increased positive correlation to HR. Thus, we inferred that predictive capacity of HRV during rest and recovery is augmented when its dependence on HR is weakened by applying appropriate correction procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paruthi Pradhapan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tampere University of TechnologyTampere, Finland
- BioMediTechTampere, Finland
| | - Mika P. Tarvainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Heart and Lung Centre, Helsinki University Central HospitalHelsinki, Finland
| | - Rami Lehtinen
- Tampere Polytechnic, University of Applied SciencesTampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- School of Medicine, University of TampereTampere, Finland
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- School of Medicine, University of TampereTampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Clinical ChemistryTampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- School of Medicine, University of TampereTampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
| | - Jari Viik
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tampere University of TechnologyTampere, Finland
- BioMediTechTampere, Finland
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On heart rate variability and autonomic activity in homeostasis and in systemic inflammation. Math Biosci 2014; 252:36-44. [PMID: 24680646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a promising diagnostic technique due to the noninvasive nature of the measurements involved and established correlations with disease severity, particularly in inflammation-linked disorders. However, the complexities underlying the interpretation of HRV complicate understanding the mechanisms that cause variability. Despite this, such interpretations are often found in literature. In this paper we explored mathematical modeling of the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the heart, incorporating basic mechanisms such as perturbing mean values of oscillating autonomic activities and saturating signal transduction pathways to explore their impacts on HRV. We focused our analysis on human endotoxemia, a well-established, controlled experimental model of systemic inflammation that provokes changes in HRV representative of acute stress. By contrasting modeling results with published experimental data and analyses, we found that even a simple model linking the autonomic nervous system and the heart confound the interpretation of HRV changes in human endotoxemia. Multiple plausible alternative hypotheses, encoded in a model-based framework, equally reconciled experimental results. In total, our work illustrates how conventional assumptions about the relationships between autonomic activity and frequency-domain HRV metrics break down, even in a simple model. This underscores the need for further experimental work towards unraveling the underlying mechanisms of autonomic dysfunction and HRV changes in systemic inflammation. Understanding the extent of information encoded in HRV signals is critical in appropriately analyzing prior and future studies.
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Abstract
The use of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters during exercise is not supported by appropriate reliability studies. In 80 healthy adults, ECG was recorded during three 6 min bouts of exercise, separated by 6 min of unloaded cycling. Two bouts were at a moderate intensity while the final bout was at a heavy exercise intensity. This protocol was repeated under the same conditions on three occasions, with a controlled start time (pre-determined at the first visit). Standard time and frequency domain indices of HRV were derived. Reliability was assessed by Bland–Altman plots, 95% limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The sample size required to detect a mean difference ≥30% of the between-subject standard deviation was also estimated. There was no systematic change between days. All HRV parameters demonstrated a high degree of reproducibility during baseline (ICC range: 0.58–0.75), moderate (ICC: 0.58–0.85) and heavy intensity exercise (ICC range: 0.40–0.76). The reproducibility was slightly diminished during heavy intensity exercise relative to both unloaded baseline cycling and moderate exercise. This study indicates that HRV parameters can be reliably determined during exercise, and it underlines the importance of standardizing exercise intensity with regard to fitness levels if HRV is to be reliably determined.
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YEH RONGGUAN, SHIEH JIANNSHING, HAN YINYI, WANG YUJUNG, TSENG SHIHCHUN. DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSES OF SHORT-TERM HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237206000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examine the dynamics of complex physiologic fluctuations using methods developed very recently in statistical physics. The method based on detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) has been used to investigate the profile of different types of physiologic states under long term (i.e., 24 hr) analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). In this paper, this method to investigate the output of central physiologic control system under short term (i.e., 1 hr) of HRV in surgical intensive care units (SICU). Electrocardiograph (ECG) signals lasting around 1 hr were collected from ten college student volunteers as group A. Ten computes-generates white noise signals as group B also provided ECG signals lasting around 1 hr. Finally, seventeen patients representing 37 cases undergoing different types of neurosurgery were studied as group C. From this group, 25 cases were selected from 15 patients with brain injury and 12 cases were selected from 2 patients with septicemia. Group A and B were used as high and low limits of baseline for comparison with pathologic states in the SICU. The a values of DFA of groups A, B, and C were 0.958 ± 0.034, 0.521 ± 0.010, and 0.815 ± 0.183, respectively. It was found that the α value of patients in the SICU was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of healthy volunteers and significantly higher (P < 0.05) than white noise signals. Hence, it can be concluded that α values based on the DFA statistical concept can clearly distinguish pathologic states in SICU patients from the healthy group and from white noise signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- RONG-GUAN YEH
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - JIANN-SHING SHIEH
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - YIN-YI HAN
- Department of Trauma, Division of Surgical Intensive Care, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - YU-JUNG WANG
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - SHIH-CHUN TSENG
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Bailón R, Serrano P, Laguna P. Influence of time-varying mean heart rate in coronary artery disease diagnostic performance of heart rate variability indices from exercise stress testing. J Electrocardiol 2011; 44:445-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Adaptive neuro-fuzzy estimation of autonomic nervous system parameters effect on heart rate variability. Neural Comput Appl 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-011-0629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Romanowicz M, Schmidt JE, Bostwick JM, Mrazek DA, Karpyak VM. Changes in heart rate variability associated with acute alcohol consumption: current knowledge and implications for practice and research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:1092-105. [PMID: 21332532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with a broad array of physiologic and behavioral effects including changes in heart rate. However, the physiologic mechanisms of alcohol effects and the reasons for individual differences in the cardiac response remain unknown. Measuring changes in resting heart rate (measured as beats/min) has not been found to be as sensitive to alcohol's effects as changes in heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is defined as fluctuations in interbeat interval length which reflect the heart's response to extracardiac factors that affect heart rate. HRV allows simultaneous assessment of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and the interplay between them. Increased HRV has been associated with exercise and aerobic fitness, while decreased HRV has been associated with aging, chronic stress, and a wide variety of medical and psychiatric disorders. Decreased HRV has predictive value for mortality in general population samples and patients with myocardial infarction and used as an indicator of altered autonomic function. A significant inverse correlation was found between HRV and both the severity of depression and the duration of the depressive episode. HRV analysis provides insights into mechanisms of autonomic regulation and is extensively used to clarify relationships between depression and cardiovascular disease. This article will review the methodology of HRV measurements and contemporary knowledge about effects of acute alcohol consumption on HRV. Potential implications of this research include HRV response to alcohol that could serve as a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism. At present however there is almost no research data supporting this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Romanowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Bailón R, Laouini G, Grao C, Orini M, Laguna P, Meste O. The integral pulse frequency modulation model with time-varying threshold: application to heart rate variability analysis during exercise stress testing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2010; 58:642-52. [PMID: 21138798 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an approach for heart rate variability analysis during exercise stress testing is proposed based on the integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model, where a time-varying threshold is included to account for the nonstationary mean heart rate. The proposed technique allows the estimation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulating signal using the methods derived for the IPFM model with constant threshold plus a correction, which is shown to be needed to take into account the time-varying mean heart rate. On simulations, this technique allows the estimation of the ANS modulation on the heart from the beat occurrence time series with lower errors than the IPFM model with constant threshold (1.1% ± 1.3% versus 15.0% ± 14.9%). On an exercise stress testing database, the ANS modulation estimated by the proposed technique is closer to physiology than that obtained from the IPFM model with constant threshold, which tends to overestimate the ANS modulation during the recovery and underestimate it during the initial rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bailón
- Communications Technology Group (GTC), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Abstract
There is a bidirectional relation between the central nervous system and the digestive tract, i.e., the brain-gut axis. Numerous data argue for a dysfunction of the brain-gut axis in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Visceral hypersensitivity is a marker of IBS as well as of an abnormality of the brain-gut axis. This visceral hypersensitivity is peripheral and/or central in origin and may be the consequence of digestive inflammation or an anomaly of the nociceptive message treatment at the spinal and/or supraspinal level. Stress is involved in the genesis and maintenance of IBS. Disturbances of the autonomic nervous system are observed in IBS as a consequence of brain-gut axis dysfunction. The contribution of the neurosciences, in particular brain imaging techniques, has contributed to the better understanding of IBS physiopathology. The better knowledge of brain-gut axis dysfunction has therapeutic implications, either through drugs and/or cognitive and behavioral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonaz
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Stress et Interactions neuro-Digestives, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN, Centre de Recherche INSERM U836-UJF-CEA-CHU), CHU de Grenoble, BP217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
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Porter K, Ahlgren J, Stanley J, Hayward LF. Modulation of heart rate variability during severe hemorrhage at different rates in conscious rats. Auton Neurosci 2009; 150:53-61. [PMID: 19482559 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate heart rate (HR) regulation during severe hemorrhage (HEM) at different rates of blood loss. Chronically instrumented male rats underwent HEM at one of three rates: slow (0.5 ml/min/kg; S-HEM), intermediate (1.0 ml/min/kg I-HEM), or 2.0 ml/min/kg (fast; F-HEM) until 30% of the estimated total blood volume (ETBV) was withdrawn. Heart rate variability analysis was performed and the absolute power within the low frequency (LF; 0.16-0.6 Hz) and high frequency (HF; 0.6-3 Hz) ranges was evaluated. During the first 15% of ETBV loss, arterial pressure (AP) was maintained while HR increased. The increase in HR was greatest in the S-HEM and I-HEM groups and was associated with a significant reduction in HF power in the S-HEM group only. As blood loss progressed, AP and HR declined in all treatment groups. The decrease in HR was associated with a significant increase in HF power in the F-HEM and I-HEM groups only. Parasympathetic blockade with atropine methyl bromide eliminated all decreases in HR, independent of the rate of hemorrhage. Blockade of parasympathetic activity also significantly increased the AP at ETBV losses > or =20% independent of the rate of hemorrhage. The effect of atropine on AP was most noticeable in the S-HEM and F-HEM groups. These results demonstrate that rate of blood loss has an important impact on autonomic regulation during severe HEM and support previous findings that neural strategies underlying autonomic control may vary depending on the rate of blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Porter
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Jones A, Beda A, Ward AMV, Osmond C, Phillips DIW, Moore VM, Simpson DM. Size at birth and autonomic function during psychological stress. Hypertension 2007; 49:548-55. [PMID: 17242299 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000257196.13485.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Small size at birth is associated with exaggerated blood pressure responses to psychological stressors, which increase the risk of developing sustained hypertension in adult life. Explanatory mechanisms for this association are not well characterized. We investigated the hypothesis that an adverse fetal environment, reflected by small size at birth, persistently alters autonomic nervous system and baroreflex control of cardiovascular function, resulting in exaggerated blood pressure and heart rate responses to stressors. Men and women from an Australian prospective cohort study underwent a series of 3 psychological stressors (Stroop, mirror-tracing, and speech) while their blood pressure was recorded continuously using a Portapres. Indices of autonomic function were derived using spectrum analysis (wavelet packet transform), and baroreflex function was estimated using an adaptive autoregressive model. We found that women who were small at birth demonstrated increased levels of low-frequency blood pressure variability at rest (r=-0.28; P<0.05) and during stress (r=-0.42; P<0.001), reduced levels of high-frequency heart period variability (r=0.22; P<0.05), and reduced baroreflex sensitivity (r=0.34; P<0.01). These findings were not present in the men. This study provides evidence that markers of impaired fetal growth are related to autonomic cardiovascular control involving modulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic function but in a sex-specific manner. We also provide the first human evidence of a relationship between size at birth and baroreflex function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jones
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Keller NR, Diedrich A, Appalsamy M, Miller LC, Caron MG, McDonald MP, Shelton RC, Blakely RD, Robertson D. Norepinephrine transporter-deficient mice respond to anxiety producing and fearful environments with bradycardia and hypotension. Neuroscience 2006; 139:931-46. [PMID: 16515844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study of anxiety and fear involves complex interrelationships between psychiatry and the autonomic nervous system. Altered noradrenergic signaling is linked to certain types of depression and anxiety disorders, and treatment often includes specific transporter blockade. The norepinephrine transporter is crucial in limiting catecholaminergic signaling. Norepinephrine transporter-deficient mice have increased circulating catecholamines and elevated heart rate and blood pressure. We hypothesized, therefore, that reduced norepinephrine clearance would heighten the autonomic cardiovascular response to anxiety and fear. In separate experiments, norepinephrine transporter-deficient (norepinephrine transporter-/-) mice underwent tactile startle and trace fear conditioning to measure hemodynamic responses. A dramatic tachycardia was observed in norepinephrine transporter-/- mice compared with controls following both airpuff or footshock stimuli, and pressure changes were also greater. Interestingly, in contrast to normally elevated home cage levels in norepinephrine transporter-deficient mice, prestimulus heart rate and blood pressure were actually higher in norepinephrine transporter+/+ animals throughout behavioral testing. Upon placement in the behavioral chamber, norepinephrine transporter-deficient mice demonstrated a notable bradycardia and depressor effect that was more pronounced in females. Power spectral analysis indicated an increase in low frequency oscillations of heart rate variability; in mice, suggesting increased parasympathetic tone. Finally, norepinephrine transporter-/- mice exhibited sexual dimorphism in freeze behavior, which was greatest in females. Therefore, while reduced catecholamine clearance amplifies immediate cardiovascular responses to anxiety- or fear-inducing stimuli in norepinephrine transporter-/- mice, norepinephrine transporter deficiency apparently prevents protracted hemodynamic escalation in a fearful environment. Conceivably, chronic norepinephrine transporter blockade with transporter-specific drugs might attenuate recognition of autonomic and somatic distress signals in individuals with anxiety disorders, possibly lessening their behavioral reactivity, and reducing the cardiovascular risk factors associated with persistent emotional arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Keller
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA3228 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2195, USA.
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Carter R, Cheuvront SN, Wray D, Kolka MA, Stephenson LA, Sawka MN. The influence of hydration status on heart rate variability after exercise heat stress. J Therm Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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