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Peng ZQ, Guan XH, Yu ZP, Wu J, Han XH, Li MH, Qu XH, Chen ZP, Han XJ, Wang XY. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium and exosomes alleviate oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration by activating PI3K/Akt/FoxO3 pathway. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109919. [PMID: 38729254 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly, which is primarily attributed to oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) were considered to be one of the most promising stem cells for clinical application due to their low immunogenicity, tissue repair ability, pluripotent potential and potent paracrine effects. The conditional medium (hAMSC-CM) and exosomes (hAMSC-exo) derived from hAMSC, as mediators of intercellular communication, play an important role in the treatment of retinal diseases, but their effect and mechanism on oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration are not explored. Here, we reported that hAMSC-CM alleviated H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cell death through inhibiting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway in vitro. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration in mitochondrial morphology, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and elevation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress were efficiently reversed by hAMSC-CM. Moreover, it was found that hAMSC-CM protected cells against oxidative injury via PI3K/Akt/FoxO3 signaling. Intriguingly, exosome inhibitor GW4869 alleviated the inhibitory effect of hAMSC-CM on H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability of ARPE-19 cells. We further demonstrated that hAMSC-exo exerted the similar protective effect on ARPE-19 cells against oxidative damage as hAMSC-CM. Additionally, both hAMSC-CM and hAMSC-exo ameliorated sodium iodate-induced deterioration of RPE and retinal damage in vivo. These results first indicate that hAMSC-CM and hAMSC-exo protect RPE cells from oxidative damage by regulating PI3K/Akt/FoxO3 pathway, suggesting hAMSC-CM and hAMSC-exo will be a promising cell-free therapy for the treatment of AMD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Qing Peng
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Guan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ping Yu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330052, PR China
| | - Xin-Hao Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ping Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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Wilke GA, Apte RS. Complement regulation in the eye: implications for age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178296. [PMID: 38690727 PMCID: PMC11060743 DOI: 10.1172/jci178296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Careful regulation of the complement system is critical for enabling complement proteins to titrate immune defense while also preventing collateral tissue damage from poorly controlled inflammation. In the eye, this balance between complement activity and inhibition is crucial, as a low level of basal complement activity is necessary to support ocular immune privilege, a prerequisite for maintaining vision. Dysregulated complement activation contributes to parainflammation, a low level of inflammation triggered by cellular damage that functions to reestablish homeostasis, or outright inflammation that disrupts the visual axis. Complement dysregulation has been implicated in many ocular diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the last two decades, complement activity has been the focus of intense investigation in AMD pathogenesis, leading to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of atrophic AMD. This Review outlines recent advances and challenges, highlighting therapeutic approaches that have advanced to clinical trials, as well as providing a general overview of the complement system in the posterior segment of the eye and selected ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Wilke
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
| | - Rajendra S. Apte
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Xiang W, Li L, Zhao Q, Zeng Y, Shi J, Chen Z, Gao G, Lai K. PEDF protects retinal pigment epithelium from ferroptosis and ameliorates dry AMD-like pathology in a murine model. GeroScience 2024; 46:2697-2714. [PMID: 38153666 PMCID: PMC10828283 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision damage among elderly individuals. There is still no efficient treatment for dry AMD. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration has been confirmed to play an important role in dry AMD. Recent studies have reported that ferroptosis caused by iron overload and lipid peroxidation may be the primary causes of RPE degeneration. However, the upstream regulatory molecules of RPE ferroptosis remain largely unknown. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an important endogenic protective factor for the RPE. Our results showed that in the murine dry AMD model induced by sodium iodate (SI), PEDF expression was downregulated. Moreover, dry AMD-like pathology was observed in PEDF-knockout mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the effects and mechanism of PEDF on RPE ferroptosis and investigate potential therapeutic targets for dry AMD. The results of lipid peroxidation and transmission electron microscope showed that retinal ferroptosis was significantly activated in SI-treated mice and PEDF-knockout mice. Restoration of PEDF expression ameliorated SI-induced retinal dysfunction in mice, as assessed by electroretinography and optical coherence tomography. Mechanistically, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of PEDF could upregulate the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain-1 (FTH1), which proved to inhibit lipid peroxidation and RPE ferroptosis induced by SI. This study revealed the novel role of PEDF in ferroptosis inhibition and indicated that PEDF might be a potential therapeutic target for dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Bojňanská T, Kolesárová A, Čech M, Tančinová D, Urminská D. Extracts with Nutritional Potential and Their Influence on the Rheological Properties of Dough and Quality Parameters of Bread. Foods 2024; 13:382. [PMID: 38338518 PMCID: PMC10855696 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Formulating basic food to improve its nutritional profile is one potential method for food innovation. One option in formulating basic food such as bread is to supplement flours with specified amounts of non-bakery raw materials with high nutritional benefits. In the research presented here, we studied the influence of the addition of curcumin and quercetin extracts in amounts of 2.5% and 5% to wheat flour (2.5:97.5; 5:95). The analysis of the rheological properties of dough was carried out using a Mixolab 2. A Rheofermentometer F4 was used to assess the dough's fermentation, and a Volscan was used to evaluate the baking trials. The effect of the extracts on the rheological properties of dough was measured and found to be statistically significant, with curcumin shortening both dough development time and dough stability. Doughs made with greater quantities of extract had a greater tendency to early starch retrogradation, which negatively affects the shelf life of the end products. The addition of extracts did not significantly affect either the ability to form gas during fermentation or its retention, which is important because this gas is prerequisite to forming a final product with the required volume and porosity of crumb. Less favourable results were found on sensory evaluation, wherein the trial bread was significantly worse than the control wheat bread. The panel's decision-making might have been influenced by the atypical colour of the bread made with additives, and in case of a trial bread made with quercetin, by a bitter taste. From the technological point of view, the results confirmed that the composite flours prepared with the addition of extracts of curcumin and quercetin in amounts of 2.5% and 5% can be processed according to standard procedures. The final product will be bread with improved nutritional profile and specific sensory properties, specifically an unconventional and attractive colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bojňanská
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (M.Č.)
| | - Anna Kolesárová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (M.Č.)
| | - Matej Čech
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (M.Č.)
| | - Dana Tančinová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.T.); (D.U.)
| | - Dana Urminská
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.T.); (D.U.)
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Upadhyay M, Bonilha VL. Regulated cell death pathways in the sodium iodate model: Insights and implications for AMD. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109728. [PMID: 37972750 PMCID: PMC10841589 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model of increased oxidative stress recapitulates dry AMD features such as patchy RPE loss, secondary photoreceptors, and underlying choriocapillaris death, allowing longitudinal evaluation of the retinal structure. Due to the time- and dose-dependent degeneration observed in diverse animal models, this preclinical model has become one of the most studied models. The events leading to RPE cell death post- NaIO3 injection have been extensively studied, and here we have reviewed different modalities of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis with a particular focus on findings associated with in vivo and in vitro NaIO3 studies on RPE cell death. Because the fundamental cause of vision loss in patients with dry AMD is the death of these same cells affected by NaIO3, studies using NaIO3 can provide valuable insights into RPE and photoreceptor cell death mechanisms and can help understand mechanisms behind RPE degeneration in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Upadhyay
- Cole Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Vera L Bonilha
- Cole Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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de Almeida Torres RJ, Moreto F, Luchini A, de Almeida Torres RJ, Longo SP, Pinho RA, Nagashima S, de Noronha L, Ferron AJT, de Almeida Silva CCV, Correa CR, Aldini G, Ferreira ALA. Carnosine supplementation and retinal oxidative parameters in a high-calorie diet rat model. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:502. [PMID: 38066465 PMCID: PMC10709828 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess oxidative effects induced by a high-calorie diet on the retina of Wistar rats and test the antioxidative effects of carnosine supplementation. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: standard diet (SD), high-calorie diet (HcD), standard diet + carnosine (SD + Car), and high-calorie diet + carnosine (HcD + Car). The body weight, adiposity index, plasma glucose, total lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, creatinine, and triglycerides of the animals were evaluated. The retinas were analyzed for markers of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide production was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) oxidation. The total glutathione (tGSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl, and sulfhydryl groups of the antioxidant system were analyzed. RESULTS TAC levels increased in the retinas of the SD + Car group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the HcD group (p < 0.05). The levels of GSH and the GSSH:GSSG ratio were increased in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). An increase in the retinal carbonyl content was observed in the HcD group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). A high-calorie diet (HcD) was also associated with a decrease in retinal sulfhydryl-type levels compared to the SD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that feeding a high-calorie diet to rats can promote an increase in carbonyl content and a reduction in sulfhydryl groups in their retinas. The administration of carnosine was not effective in attenuating these oxidative markers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Animal Ethics Committee of Botucatu Medical School - Certificate number 1292/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogil Jose de Almeida Torres
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Andrea Luchini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Oftalmologico de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Pimentel Longo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Renata Correa
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
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Chang YH, Hsing CH, Chiu CJ, Wu YR, Hsu SM, Hsu YH. Protective role of IL-17-producing γδ T cells in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:279. [PMID: 38007487 PMCID: PMC10676594 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision loss in patients with wet/exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and AMD is the leading cause of irreversible vision impairment in older adults. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a component of the microenvironment associated with some autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have indicated that wet AMD patients have elevated serum IL-17A levels. However, the effect of IL-17A on AMD progression needs to be better understood. We aimed to investigate the role of IL-17A in a laser-induced CNV mouse model. METHODS We established a laser-induced CNV mouse model in wild-type (WT) and IL-17A-deficient mice and then evaluated the disease severity of these mice by using fluorescence angiography. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to analyze the levels of IL-17A and to investigate the immune cell populations in the eyes of WT and IL-17A-deficient mice. We used ARPE-19 cells to clarify the effect of IL-17A under oxidative stress. RESULTS In the laser-induced CNV model, the CNV lesions were larger in IL-17A-deficient mice than in WT mice. The numbers of γδ T cells, CD3+CD4+RORγt+ T cells, Treg cells, and neutrophils were decreased and the number of macrophages was increased in the eyes of IL-17A-deficient mice compared with WT mice. In WT mice, IL-17A-producing γδ T-cell numbers increased in a time-dependent manner from day 7 to 28 after laser injury. IL-6 levels increased and IL-10, IL-24, IL-17F, and GM-CSF levels decreased in the eyes of IL-17A-deficient mice after laser injury. In vitro, IL-17A inhibited apoptosis and induced the expression of the antioxidant protein HO-1 in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress conditions. IL-17A facilitated the repair of oxidative stress-induced barrier dysfunction in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insight into the protective effect of IL-17A in a laser-induced CNV model and reveal a novel regulatory role of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in the ocular microenvironment in wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rou Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Antibody New Drug Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Santhanam A, Shihabeddin E, Wei H, Wu J, O'Brien J. Molecular basis of retinal remodeling in a zebrafish model of retinitis pigmentosa. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:362. [PMID: 37979052 PMCID: PMC10657301 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of inherited retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is progressive structural and functional remodeling of the remaining retinal cells as photoreceptors degenerate. Extensive remodeling of the retina stands as a barrier for the successful implementation of strategies to restore vision. To understand the molecular basis of remodeling, we performed analyses of single-cell transcriptome data from adult zebrafish retina of wild type AB strain (WT) and a P23H mutant rhodopsin transgenic model of RP with continuous degeneration and regeneration. Retinas from both female and male fish were pooled to generate each library, combining data from both sexes. We provide a benchmark atlas of retinal cell type transcriptomes in zebrafish and insight into how each retinal cell type is affected in the P23H model. Oxidative stress is found throughout the retina, with increases in reliance on oxidative metabolism and glycolysis in the affected rods as well as cones, bipolar cells, and retinal ganglion cells. There is also transcriptional evidence for widespread synaptic remodeling and enhancement of glutamatergic transmission in the inner retina. Notably, changes in circadian rhythm regulation are detected in cones, bipolar cells, and retinal pigmented epithelium. We also identify the transcriptomic signatures of retinal progenitor cells and newly formed rods essential for the regenerative process. This comprehensive transcriptomic analysis provides a molecular road map to understand how the retina remodels in the context of chronic retinal degeneration with ongoing regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Santhanam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Eyad Shihabeddin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haichao Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Sayin O, Altinkaynak H. Macular Pigment Optical Density in First Degree Relatives of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1057-1062. [PMID: 37494149 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2242012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the macular pigment optical density in first-degree relatives of patients with age-related macular degeneration and compare it with a healthy control group. METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight healthy subjects who were first-degree relatives of age-related macular degeneration patients were included in the study (Group 1). As the control group, 74 healthy subjects were included in the study (Group 2). The right eyes of all cases were included in the study. Macular pigment optical density was measured with a commercially available device (MPSII®, Elektron Technology, Switzerland) using technology based on heterochromatic flicker photometry. Central foveal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Values were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were 54 males and 74 females in Group 1 and 32 males and 42 females in Group 2. The mean ± SD ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 49.0 ± 7.6 and 41.8 ± 8.6, respectively. Mean ± SD macular pigment optical density values of Group 1 and Group 2 were 0.43 ± 0.09 and 0.47 ± 0.12 (p = 0.048), mean ± SD central foveal thickness were 208 ± 19 and 216 ± 8 µm (p = 0.014), and mean ± SD subfoveal choroidal thickness were 232 ± 29 and 250 ± 21 µm (p = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION The macular pigment optical density values were significantly lower in the first-degree relatives of patients with age-related macular degeneration than in the control group. Macular pigment optical density may be a marker for the development of age-related macular degeneration in the future in the first-degree relatives of age-related macular degeneration patients. Further prospective studies with a larger number of participants will be needed to confirm our results moreover, to clarify its benefit as an early diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sayin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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10
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Hussain A, Ashique S, Afzal O, Altamimi MA, Malik A, Kumar S, Garg A, Sharma N, Farid A, Khan T, Altamimi ASA. A correlation between oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy: An updated review. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109650. [PMID: 37734426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a cytopathic outcome of excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), down regulated antioxidant defense signaling pathways, and the imbalance between the produced radicals and their clearance. It plays a role in the genesis of several illnesses, especially hyperglycemia and its effects. Diabetic retinal illness, a micro vascular side effect of the condition, is the prime reason of diabetic related blindness. The OS (directly or indirectly) is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and related consequences. The OS is responsible to induce and interfere the metabolic signaling pathways to enhance influx of the polyol cascades and hexosamine pathways, stimulate Protein Kinase-C (PKC) variants, and accumulate advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, the inequity between the scavenging and generation of ROS is caused by the epigenetic alteration caused by hyperglycemia that suppresses the antioxidant defense system. Induced by an excessive buildup of ROS, retinal changes in structure and function include mitochondrial damage, cellular death, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend and clarify the mechanisms connected to oxidative stress that underlie the development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, 713346, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shubneesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250103, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Graduate Assistant, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut, UCONN, Storrs Campus, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Zhang SM, Fan B, Li YL, Zuo ZY, Li GY. Oxidative Stress-Involved Mitophagy of Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3265-3276. [PMID: 37391574 PMCID: PMC10477140 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized and polarized epithelial cell layer that plays an important role in sustaining the structural and functional integrity of photoreceptors. However, the death of RPE is a common pathological feature in various retinal diseases, especially in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mitophagy, as a programmed self-degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and cell survival under stress. RPE contains a high density of mitochondria necessary for it to meet energy demands, so severe stimuli can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and the excess generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can further trigger oxidative stress-involved mitophagy. In this review, we summarize the classical pathways of oxidative stress-involved mitophagy in RPE and investigate its role in the progression of retinal diseases, aiming to provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating retinal degenerative diseases. The role of mitophagy in AMD and DR. In AMD, excessive ROS production promotes mitophagy in the RPE by activating the Nrf2/p62 pathway, while in DR, ROS may suppress mitophagy by the FOXO3-PINK1/parkin signaling pathway or the TXNIP-mitochondria-lysosome-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yu- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
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12
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Sun T, Huang K, Niu K, Lin C, Liu W, Yeh C, Kuo S, Chang C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy suppresses hypoxia and reoxygenation injury to retinal pigment epithelial cells through activating peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3189-3201. [PMID: 37731202 PMCID: PMC10568664 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) is a common cause of many ocular disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which leads to blindness in the elderly population, and proper therapies remain unavailable. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell death is a hallmark of AMD. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy can improve IR tissue survival by inducing ischemic preconditioning responses. We conducted an in vitro study to examine the effects of HBO preconditioning on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced IR-injured RPE cells. RPE cells were treated with HBO (100% O2 at 3 atmospheres absolute for 90 min) once a day for three consecutive days before retinal IR onset. Compared with normal cells, the IR-injured RPE cells had lower cell viability, lower peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) expression, more severe oxidation status, higher blood-retinal barrier disruption and more elevated apoptosis and autophagy rates. HBO preconditioning increased PPAR-α expression, improved cell viability, decreased oxidative stress, blood-retinal barrier disruption and cellular apoptosis and autophagy. A specific PPAR-α antagonist, GW6471, antagonized all the protective effects of HBO preconditioning in IR-injured RPE cells. Combining these observations, HBO therapy can reverse OGD-induced RPE cell injury by activating PPAR-α signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong‐Bor Sun
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of SurgeryChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Food TechnologySouthern Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTainanTaiwan
| | - Kuo‐Feng Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of SurgeryChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Ko‐Chi Niu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hsien Lin
- Department of MedicineMackay Medical CollegeNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Pin Liu
- Department of Medical ResearchChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Hung Yeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of SurgeryChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Department of OptometryChung Hwa University of Medical TechnologyTainanTaiwan
| | - Shu‐Chun Kuo
- Department of OptometryChung Hwa University of Medical TechnologyTainanTaiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Ping Chang
- Department of Medical ResearchChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
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13
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Evans JR, Lawrenson JG. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 9:CD000254. [PMID: 37702300 PMCID: PMC10498493 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000254.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative condition of the back of the eye that occurs in people over the age of 50 years. Antioxidants may prevent cellular damage in the retina by reacting with free radicals that are produced in the process of light absorption. Higher dietary levels of antioxidant vitamins and minerals may reduce the risk of progression of AMD. This is the third update of the review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements on the progression of AMD in people with AMD. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, one other database, and three trials registers, most recently on 29 November 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared antioxidant vitamin or mineral supplementation to placebo or no intervention, in people with AMD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methods expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 26 studies conducted in the USA, Europe, China, and Australia. These studies enroled 11,952 people aged 65 to 75 years and included slightly more women (on average 56% women). We judged the studies that contributed data to the review to be at low or unclear risk of bias. Thirteen studies compared multivitamins with control in people with early and intermediate AMD. Most evidence came from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) in the USA. People taking antioxidant vitamins were less likely to progress to late AMD (odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58 to 0.90; 3 studies, 2445 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). In people with early AMD, who are at low risk of progression, this means there would be approximately four fewer cases of progression to late AMD for every 1000 people taking vitamins (one fewer to six fewer cases). In people with intermediate AMD at higher risk of progression, this corresponds to approximately 78 fewer cases of progression for every 1000 people taking vitamins (26 fewer to 126 fewer). AREDS also provided evidence of a lower risk of progression for both neovascular AMD (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82; moderate-certainty evidence) and geographic atrophy (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.10; moderate-certainty evidence), and a lower risk of losing 3 or more lines of visual acuity (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.96; moderate-certainty evidence). Low-certainty evidence from one study of 110 people suggested higher quality of life scores (measured with the Visual Function Questionnaire) in treated compared with non-treated people after 24 months (mean difference (MD) 12.30, 95% CI 4.24 to 20.36). In exploratory subgroup analyses in the follow-on study to AREDS (AREDS2), replacing beta-carotene with lutein/zeaxanthin gave hazard ratios (HR) of 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.96), 0.78 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.94), 0.94 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.26), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.03) for progression to late AMD, neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, and vision loss, respectively. Six studies compared lutein (with or without zeaxanthin) with placebo and one study compared a multivitamin including lutein/zeaxanthin with multivitamin alone. The duration of supplementation and follow-up ranged from six months to five years. Most evidence came from the AREDS2 study in the USA; almost all participants in AREDS2 also took the original AREDS supplementation formula. People taking lutein/zeaxanthin may have similar or slightly reduced risk of progression to late AMD (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.01), neovascular AMD (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.02), and geographic atrophy (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.05) compared with control (1 study, 4176 participants, 6891 eyes; low-certainty evidence). A similar risk of progression to visual loss of 15 or more letters was seen in the lutein/zeaxanthin and control groups (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.05; 6656 eyes; low-certainty evidence). Quality of life (Visual Function Questionnaire) was similar between groups (MD 1.21, 95% CI -2.59 to 5.01; 2 studies, 308 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). One study in Australia randomised 1204 people to vitamin E or placebo with four years of follow-up; 19% of participants had AMD. The number of late AMD events was low (N = 7) and the estimate of effect was uncertain (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.31 to 6.05; very low-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of any effect of treatment on visual loss (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.47; low-certainty evidence). There were no data on neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, or quality of life. Five studies compared zinc with placebo. Evidence largely drawn from the largest study (AREDS) found a lower progression to late AMD over six years (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.98; 3 studies, 3790 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), neovascular AMD (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.93; moderate-certainty evidence), geographic atrophy (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.10; moderate-certainty evidence), or visual loss (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.00; 2 studies, 3791 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There were no data on quality of life. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the main reported adverse effect. In AREDS, zinc was associated with a higher risk of genitourinary problems in men, but no difference was seen between high- and low-dose zinc groups in AREDS2. Most studies were too small to detect rare adverse effects. Data from larger studies (AREDS/AREDS2) suggested there may be little or no effect on mortality with multivitamin (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.25; low-certainty evidence) or lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.31; very low-certainty evidence), but confirmed the increased risk of lung cancer with beta-carotene, mostly in former smokers. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation (AREDS: vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc) probably slows down progression to late AMD. People with intermediate AMD have a higher chance of benefiting from antioxidant supplements because their risk of progression is higher than people with early AMD. Although low-certainty evidence suggested little effect with lutein/zeaxanthin alone compared with placebo, exploratory subgroup analyses from one large American study support the view that lutein/zeaxanthin may be a suitable replacement for the beta-carotene used in the original AREDS formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Evans
- Centre for Public Health, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - John G Lawrenson
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
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14
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Velazquez-Soto H, Groman-Lupa S, Cruz-Aguilar M, Salazar AL, Zenteno JC, Jimenez-Martinez MC. Exogenous CFH Modulates Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators to Prevent Oxidative Damage of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells with the At-Risk CFH Y402H Variant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1540. [PMID: 37627535 PMCID: PMC10451625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, progressive degenerative retinal disease. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play an important role in the immune defense of the eye and their dysfunction leads to the progressive irreversible degeneration of photoreceptors. Genetic factors, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress have been implicated in AMD pathogenesis. Oxidative stress causes RPE injury, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response and cell death. The Y402H polymorphism in the complement factor H (CFH) protein is an important risk factor for AMD. However, the functional significance of CFH Y402H polymorphism remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of CFH in the pro-inflammatory response using an in vitro model of oxidative stress in the RPE with the at-risk CFH Y402H variant. ARPE-19 cells with the at-risk CFH Y402H variant were highly susceptible to damage caused by oxidative stress, with increased levels of inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic factors that lead to cell death. Pretreatment of the ARPE-19 cell cultures with exogenous CFH prior to the induction of oxidative stress prevented damage and cell death. This protective effect may be related to the negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CFH contributes to cell homeostasis and is required to modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response under oxidative stress in the ARPE-19 cells with the at-risk CFH Y402H variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Velazquez-Soto
- Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (H.V.-S.)
| | - Sergio Groman-Lupa
- Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (H.V.-S.)
| | - Marisa Cruz-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (H.V.-S.)
| | - Alberto L. Salazar
- Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (H.V.-S.)
| | - Juan C. Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Maria C. Jimenez-Martinez
- Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana Foundation”, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (H.V.-S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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15
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Aghababaei F, Hadidi M. Recent Advances in Potential Health Benefits of Quercetin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1020. [PMID: 37513932 PMCID: PMC10384403 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has been a part of human diets for centuries. Its numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties, have been extensively studied. Its strong antioxidant properties enable it to scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect against cellular damage. Quercetin's anti-inflammatory properties involve inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, making it a potential therapeutic agent for various inflammatory conditions. It also exhibits anticancer effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Finally, quercetin has cardiovascular benefits such as lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol levels, and improving endothelial function, making it a promising candidate for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an overview of the chemical structure, biological activities, and bioavailability of quercetin, as well as the different delivery systems available for quercetin. Incorporating quercetin-rich foods into the diet or taking quercetin supplements may be beneficial for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. As research progresses, the future perspectives of quercetin appear promising, with potential applications in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods to promote overall well-being and disease prevention. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its mechanisms of action, optimize its bioavailability, and assess its long-term safety for widespread utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aghababaei
- Centre d'Innovació, Recerca i Transferència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CIRTTA), TECNIO-UAB, XIA, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB-Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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16
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Chen X, Tzekov R, Su M, Zhu Y, Han A, Li W. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage and protective role of peroxiredoxin 6 protein via EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in RPE cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1169211. [PMID: 37529008 PMCID: PMC10388243 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Damage to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells caused by oxidative stress is closely related to the pathogenesis of several blinding retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and other inherited retinal degenerative conditions. However, the mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. Hence, the goal of this study was to investigate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage and protective role of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) protein via EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in RPE cells. Methods Cells from a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19 cells) were treated with H2O2, and then cell viability was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of PRDX6, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were detected by Western blot assay. PRDX6 and EGFR were also detected via immunofluorescence staining. Results Our results show that H2O2 inhibited cell viability, induced cell death, and increased ROS levels in ARPE-19 cells. It was also found that H2O2 decreased the levels of PRDX6, EGFR, and phosphorylated ERK but increased the levels of phosphorylated P38MAPK and JNK. PRDX6 overexpression was found to attenuate H2O2-induced inhibition of cell viability and increased cell death and ROS production in ARPE-19 cells. PRDX6 overexpression also increased the expression of EGFR and alleviated the H2O2-induced decrease in EGFR and phosphorylated ERK. Moreover, inhibition of epidermal growth factor-induced EGFR and ERK signaling in oxidative stress was partially blocked by PRDX6 overexpression. Discussion Our findings indicate that PRDX6 overexpression protects RPE cells from oxidative stress damage caused by decreasing ROS production and partially blocking the inhibition of the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway induced by oxidative stress. Therefore, PRDX6 shows promise as a therapeutic target for the prevention of RPE cell damage caused by oxidative stress associated with retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Radouil Tzekov
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mingyang Su
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan, Xiamen, China
| | - Yusheng Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi’an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aidong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan, Xiamen, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aier Eye Institute, Shanghai, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Cornebise C, Perus M, Hermetet F, Valls-Fonayet J, Richard T, Aires V, Delmas D. Red Wine Extract Prevents Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in ARPE-19 Retinal Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1408. [PMID: 37408242 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most commonly occurring ocular diseases worldwide. This degenerative condition affects the retina and leads to the loss of central vision. The current treatments are focused on the late stage of the disease, but recent studies have highlighted the importance and benefits of preventive treatments and how good dietary habits can reduce the risk of progression to an advanced form of the disease. In this context, we studied whether resveratrol (RSV) or a polyphenolic cocktail, red wine extract (RWE), are able to prevent the initiating events of AMD (i.e., oxidative stress and inflammation) in human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and macrophages. This study highlights that RWE and RSV can prevent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress and can subsequently prevent DNA damage via the inhibition of the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated)/Chk2 (checkpoint kinase 2) or Chk1 signaling pathways, respectively. Moreover, ELISA assays show that RWE and RSV can prevent the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in RPE cells and in human macrophages. Interestingly, RWE exhibits a greater protective impact compared to RSV alone, even though RSV was more concentrated when used alone than in the red wine extract. Our results suggest that RWE and RSV may have potential interest as preventive nutritional supplementations against AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Cornebise
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Maude Perus
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Hermetet
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Josep Valls-Fonayet
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Tristan Richard
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Virginie Aires
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Delmas
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231-Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Georges François Leclerc Center, 21000 Dijon, France
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18
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Lenin RR, Koh YH, Zhang Z, Yeo YZ, Parikh BH, Seah I, Wong W, Su X. Dysfunctional Autophagy, Proteostasis, and Mitochondria as a Prelude to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108763. [PMID: 37240109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell dysfunction is a key driving force of AMD. RPE cells form a metabolic interface between photoreceptors and choriocapillaris, performing essential functions for retinal homeostasis. Through their multiple functions, RPE cells are constantly exposed to oxidative stress, which leads to the accumulation of damaged proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and cellular organelles, including mitochondria. As miniature chemical engines of the cell, self-replicating mitochondria are heavily implicated in the aging process through a variety of mechanisms. In the eye, mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with several diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in millions of people globally. Aged mitochondria exhibit decreased rates of oxidative phosphorylation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and increased numbers of mitochondrial DNA mutations. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and autophagy decline during aging because of insufficient free radical scavenger systems, the impairment of DNA repair mechanisms, and reductions in mitochondrial turnover. Recent research has uncovered a much more complex role of mitochondrial function and cytosolic protein translation and proteostasis in AMD pathogenesis. The coupling of autophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis modulates the proteostasis and aging processes. This review aims to summarise and provide a perspective on (i) the current evidence of autophagy, proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in dry AMD; (ii) current in vitro and in vivo disease models relevant to assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in AMD, and their utility in drug screening; and (iii) ongoing clinical trials targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for AMD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Rajesh Lenin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yi Hui Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Zheting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 11 Mandalay Road, Experimental Medicine Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhuang Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Bhav Harshad Parikh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ivan Seah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Wendy Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital (NUH), 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital (NUH), 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
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19
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Sirolimus loaded chitosan functionalized PLGA nanoparticles protect against sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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20
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Khan Z, Ali SA. Isocyanate induces cytotoxicity via activation of phosphorylated alpha synuclein protein, nitrosative stress, and apoptotic pathway in Parkinson's Disease model-SHSY-5Y cells. Neurol Res 2023; 45:676-687. [PMID: 36827495 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2181919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic disorders account for a significant portion of the diseases that influence the worldwide disease burden. Parkinson's disease is one such disease that is linked with environmental toxin exposure. Isocyanates are a highly reactive industrial intermediate used widely in manufacturing plastic products, paints, etc. This study aims to delineate the neurotoxic potential of isocyanate in Parkinson's cell model-SHSY-5Y cells. METHODOLOGY SHSY-5Y cells were treated with isocyanate analogue (N succinimidyl N methyl carbamate) in time and dose dependant manner. Different parameters were assessed like protein expression, nitrosative stress level, antioxidant enzymes level and apoptosis. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that dose- and time-dependent isocyanate exposure increases reactive nitrogen species and decreases the glutathione, SOD, and catalase levels. Further, increased phosphorylated alpha-synuclein protein and activation of caspase 3 exert cytotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells. CONCLUSION Our research reveals that widely used isocyanate induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis, nitrosative stress, and protein dysfunction, which might constitute a potential mechanism of neurodegeneration in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
| | - Sharique A Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
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21
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Towards a New Biomarker for Diabetic Retinopathy: Exploring RBP3 Structure and Retinoids Binding for Functional Imaging of Eyes In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054408. [PMID: 36901838 PMCID: PMC10002987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe disease with a growing number of afflicted patients, which places a heavy burden on society, both socially and financially. While there are treatments available, they are not always effective and are usually administered when the disease is already at a developed stage with visible clinical manifestation. However, homeostasis at a molecular level is disrupted before visible signs of the disease are evident. Thus, there has been a constant search for effective biomarkers that could signal the onset of DR. There is evidence that early detection and prompt disease control are effective in preventing or slowing DR progression. Here, we review some of the molecular changes that occur before clinical manifestations are observable. As a possible new biomarker, we focus on retinol binding protein 3 (RBP3). We argue that it displays unique features that make it a very good biomarker for non-invasive, early-stage DR detection. Linking chemistry to biological function and focusing on new developments in eye imaging and two-photon technology, we describe a new potential diagnostic tool that would allow rapid and effective quantification of RBP3 in the retina. Moreover, this tool would also be useful in the future to monitor therapeutic effectiveness if levels of RBP3 are elevated by DR treatments.
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22
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Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Development: Extrapolating Basic Biology to Stem Cell Research. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020310. [PMID: 36830851 PMCID: PMC9952929 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms an important cellular monolayer, which contributes to the normal physiology of the eye. Damage to the RPE leads to the development of degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Apart from acting as a physical barrier between the retina and choroidal blood vessels, the RPE is crucial in maintaining photoreceptor (PR) and visual functions. Current clinical intervention to treat early stages of AMD includes stem cell-derived RPE transplantation, which is still in its early stages of evolution. Therefore, it becomes essential to derive RPEs which are functional and exhibit features as observed in native human RPE cells. The conventional strategy is to use the knowledge obtained from developmental studies using various animal models and stem cell-based exploratory studies to understand RPE biogenies and developmental trajectory. This article emphasises such studies and aims to present a comprehensive understanding of the basic biology, including the genetics and molecular pathways of RPE development. It encompasses basic developmental biology and stem cell-based developmental studies to uncover RPE differentiation. Knowledge of the in utero developmental cues provides an inclusive methodology required for deriving RPEs using stem cells.
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23
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Hydrogen sulfide protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against ferroptosis through the AMPK- and p62-dependent non-canonical NRF2-KEAP1 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113436. [PMID: 36435220 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells contributes to retinal degenerative diseases. The antioxidant molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulates oxidative stress response, but its effect on the ferroptosis of RPE cells is unclear. In this study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was used as an exogenous H2S donor to intervene tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced ferroptosis of APRE-19 cells. We found that NaHS pretreatment attenuates t-BHP-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Analysis of mRNA-sequencing coupled with FerrDb database identified nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) as a primary target for the cytoprotective role of H2S. NRF2 inhibitor ML385 reverses the effects of H2S on ferroptosis. Biochemical analysis revealed that H2S stabilizes NRF2. H2S decreases the interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1, but enhances the interaction between KEAP1 and p62. These results suggest that H2S activates the non-canonical NRF2-KEAP1 pathway. Further study demonstrated that H2S stimulates AMPK to interact and phosphorylate p62. Additionally, inhibiting AMPK or knocking down p62 blocks the effects of H2S. We speculate that targeting the non-canonical NRF2-KEAP1 pathway by H2S-based drug may benefit the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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24
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Demirci Kucuk K, Tokuc EO, Aciksari A, Duruksu G, Yazir Y, Karabas VL. The effects of crocetin on oxidative stress induced ARPE-19 cells by H 2O 2. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109305. [PMID: 36372214 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects of crocetin was aimed to investigate on the oxidative damage model of ARPE-19 cells. The oxidative damage in ARPE cells was developed by H2O2 treatment at 800 μM. Different doses of crocetin (1-80 μM) were applied for 24 h, and the effects on viability were evaluated to find out the optimum drug dose. At first, three effective doses of crocetin (10, 20, 40 μM) on cell viability were selected for further analyses. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined, and the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax gene and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene were evaluated. The most effective crocetin dose on cell viability was found to be 10 μM. After the H2O2 treatment, SOD and GSH were decreased and MDA were increased significantly (p = 0.011, 0.037, 0.018, respectively). Following the crocetin treatment at 10 μM, SOD and GSH activities were improved compared to the no drug group; and MDA level was declined remarkably (p = 0.022, 0.019, 0.029, respectively). The Bcl-2 level was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), while the Bax1 and Nrf2 expression and ROS level was increased significantly in the damage model group (p < 0.01). After the drug treatment, the Bax1 and Nrf2 expression level were decreased in all groups (p < 0.01). The increase in Bcl-2 expression was significant in crocetin 40 μM (p < 0.05) and the decrease in ROS level were significant in 20 μM and 40 μM doses of crocetin (p < 0.05). It has been shown that crocetin might be used as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent on the hindering the effect of the oxidative damage. Following the development of the oxidative stress in the cells, crocetin reversed the damage signals. By the in vitro tests, it was shown that crocetin might be considered as an effective molecule to be used in the AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Demirci Kucuk
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ecem Onder Tokuc
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Aciksari
- Kocaeli University, Center for Stem Cells and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Duruksu
- Kocaeli University, Center for Stem Cells and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Kocaeli University, Center for Stem Cells and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey; Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Levent Karabas
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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25
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Wei P, He M, Han G. Metabolic Characterization of Ocular Tissues in Relation to Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2979-2986. [PMID: 36315600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a metabolic compromise disorder whose main pathological feature is choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation. Using untargeted metabolomics analysis, we determined to assess the metabolomic alterations in a CNV rat model to provide an insight into its pathogenesis. In the CNV model, there were 24 significantly changed metabolites in the plasma and 71 in various ocular tissues. Pathway analysis showed that certain metabolic pathways changed in interrelated tissues: for instance, in terms of the altered urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism were increased in the plasma, while spermidine and spermine biosynthesis activities were increased in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid. The retina and RPE/choroid shared the same changed metabolites of branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Fatty acid metabolism was found to be the significant altered metabolic pathway in the retina of this CNV model. Although the metabolism pattern of different substances is specific for each ocular tissue, there is also a certain material exchange between different tissues. Dysregulated metabolomic profiles in differential tissues may point to an interconnected pathway, oxidative stress response, which may lead to RPE cell degeneration and, ultimately, CNV development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Wei
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, PR China.,Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300020, China.,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Meiqin He
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Guoge Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, PR China.,Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300020, China.,Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, PR China
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26
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Fietz A, Hurst J, Schnichels S. Out of the Shadow: Blue Light Exposure Induces Apoptosis in Müller Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314540. [PMID: 36498867 PMCID: PMC9739907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness toward the risks of blue light (BL) exposure is rising due to increased use of BL-enriched LEDs in displays. Short-wave BL (400-500 nm) has a high photochemical energy, leading to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). BL potentially plays a role in causing dry eye, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The effect of BL on retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs) or photoreceptors has been extensively investigated. In contrast, only a few studies have investigated the effects of BL exposure on Müller cells (MCs). This is mainly due to their lack of photosensitive elements and the common assumption that their reaction to stress is only secondary in disease development. However, MCs perform important supportive, secretory, and immune functions in the retina, making them essential for retinal survival. Increased oxidative stress is a key player in many retinal diseases such as AMD or glaucoma. We hypothesize that increased oxidative stress can also affect MCs. Thus, we simulated oxidative stress levels by exposing primary porcine MCs and human MIO-M1 cells to BL. To confirm the wavelength-specificity, the cells were further exposed to red (RL), purple (PL), and white light (WL). BL and WL exposure increased ROS levels, but only BL exposure led to apoptosis in primary MCs. Thus, BL accounted for the harmful part of WL exposure. When cells were simultaneously exposed to BL and RL (i.e., PL), cell damage due to BL could be partly prevented, as could the inhibition of p53, demonstrating the protective effect of RL and p53 dependency. In contrast, BL hardly induced apoptosis in MIO-M1 cells, which is likely due to the immortalization of the cells. Therefore, enhanced oxidative stress levels can significantly harm MC function, probably leading to decreased retinal survival and, thus, further enhancing the progression of retinal diseases. Preventing the cell death of these essential retinal cells represents a promising therapy option to enhance retinal survival.
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27
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Hanschmann EM, Wilms C, Falk L, Holubiec MI, Mennel S, Lillig CH, Godoy JR. Cytosolic glutaredoxin 1 is upregulated in AMD and controls retinal pigment epithelial cells proliferation via β-catenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:24-29. [PMID: 35714567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins are key players in redox signaling. Here, we have analyzed glutaredoxin (Grx) 1 and Grx2 in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and in retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. We hypothesized that these redoxins regulate cellular functions and signaling circuits such as cell proliferation, Wnt signaling and VEGF release that have been correlated to the pathophysiology of AMD. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with specific siRNAs to silence the expression of Grx1 and Grx2 and were analyzed for proliferation/viability, migration capacity, β-catenin activation, and VEGF release. An active site-mutated C-X-X-S Grx1 was utilized to trap interacting proteins present in ARPE-19 cell extracts. In both, AMD retinas and in ARPE-19 cells incubated under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, Grx1 showed an increased nuclear localization. Grx1-silenced ARPE-19 cells showed a significantly reduced proliferation and migration rate. Our trapping approach showed that Grx1 interacts with β-catenin in a dithiol-disulfide exchange reaction. Knock-down of Grx1 led to a reduction in both total and active β-catenin levels. These findings add redox control to the regulatory mechanisms of β-catenin signaling in the retinal pigment epithelium and open the door to novel therapeutic approaches in AMD that is currently treated with VEGF-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christina Wilms
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Falk
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mariana Inés Holubiec
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - José Rodrigo Godoy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, NY, USA.
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28
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Srivastava GK, Rodriguez-Crespo D, Fernandez-Bueno I, Pastor JC. Factors influencing mesenchymal stromal cells in in vitro cellular models to study retinal pigment epithelial cell rescue. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1005-1015. [PMID: 35511404 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) stop or slow retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuroretina (NR) degeneration by paracrine activity in oxidative stress-induced retinal degenerative diseases. However, it is mandatory to develop adequate in vitro models that allow testing new treatment strategies against oxidative stress before performing in vivo studies. The viable double- and triple-layered setups are composed of separate layers of NR, MSC, and RPE (NR-MSC-RPE, NR-RPE, MSC-RPE) partially mimic in vivo retinal conditions. In this study, the paracrine neuroprotective effect of each setup's microenvironment on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stressed was compared with unstressed RPE cells. RPE cell proliferation viability was assessed on day 1, 3, and 6 using Alamar Blue® (10%), MTT (10%) and a cell viability/cytotoxicity assay kit followed by data analysis. The results showed that RPE cells, highly viable (> 90%) in mixed medium of DMEM and neurobasal A (1:1), lost 50% viability on exposure to 400 µM of H2O2 (P < 0.05). The unexposed groups differed significantly from exposed groups for RPE cell growth (RPE and [Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.0001), NR-MSC-RPE, and NR-MSC-[Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.05), NR-RPE and NR-[Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.01), and MSC-RPE and MSC-[Formula: see text]RPE (P < 0.01). NR-[Formula: see text]RPE and NR-RPE supported RPE cell proliferation viability better than other setups (P < 0.01) and RPE cells proliferated 0.49-fold more in NR-MSC-[Formula: see text]RPE than NR-MSC-RPE. Thus, NR and MSC presence improved significantly each setup's microenvironment for cell rescue, nevertheless, each setup also showed limitations for its use as an in vitro study tool. Health of microenvironment of such setups depends on many factors including cell-secreted trophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish K Srivastava
- Retina Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén, 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla Y León, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - David Rodriguez-Crespo
- Retina Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén, 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ivan Fernandez-Bueno
- Retina Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén, 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Pastor
- Retina Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén, 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla Y León, Valladolid, Spain
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29
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Hassel C, Couchet M, Jacquemot N, Blavignac C, Loï C, Moinard C, Cia D. Citrulline protects human retinal pigment epithelium from hydrogen peroxide and iron/ascorbate induced damages. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2808-2818. [PMID: 35460170 PMCID: PMC9097847 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the ageing of the retina and in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases such as age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD). Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species generated by the photo‐excited lipofuscin that accumulates during ageing in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the age‐related accumulation of lipofuscin is associated with ARMD. Iron also accumulates with age in the RPE that may contribute to ARMD as an important source of oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of L‐Citrulline (CIT), a naturally occurring amino acid with known antioxidant properties, on oxidative stressed cultured RPE cells. Human RPE (ARPE‐19) cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or iron/ascorbate (I/A) for 4 h, either in the presence of CIT or after 24 h of pretreatment. Here, we show that supplementation with CIT protects ARPE‐19 cells against H2O2 and I/A. CIT improves cell metabolic activity, decreases ROS production, limits lipid peroxidation, reduces cell death and attenuates IL‐8 secretion. Our study evidences that CIT is able to protect human RPE cells from oxidative damage and suggests potential protective effect for the treatment of retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chervin Hassel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107 NEURO-DOL, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Jacquemot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107 NEURO-DOL, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Blavignac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Imagerie Cellulaire Santé, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Christophe Moinard
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Grenoble, France
| | - David Cia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107 NEURO-DOL, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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30
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Decorin Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via AMPK-mTOR-Regulated Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3955748. [PMID: 35391926 PMCID: PMC8983248 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3955748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among the elderly worldwide with unidentified pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is central in the development and progression of AMD. Decorin (DCN), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, possesses powerful antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties. DCN has also been reported to serve a cytoprotective role in various cell types, but its protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells remain unclear. In this study, we showed that DCN significantly attenuated the increase in cell viability loss, apoptosis rate, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ARPE-19 cells induced by H2O2. Furthermore, DCN activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway to promote autophagy while genetic inhibition of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) hindered autophagic process and diminished the protective role of DCN against oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that DCN could protect RPE cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via autophagy promotion, thus providing the therapeutic potential for AMD prevention and treatment.
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Huang S, Liu CH, Wang Z, Fu Z, Britton WR, Blomfield AK, Kamenecka TM, Dunaief JL, Solt LA, Chen J. REV-ERBα regulates age-related and oxidative stress-induced degeneration in retinal pigment epithelium via NRF2. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102261. [PMID: 35176707 PMCID: PMC8851379 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and atrophy occur in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), often leading to photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss. Accumulated oxidative stress during aging contributes to RPE dysfunction and degeneration. Here we show that the nuclear receptor REV-ERBα, a redox sensitive transcription factor, protects RPE from age-related degeneration and oxidative stress-induced damage. Genetic deficiency of REV-ERBα leads to accumulated oxidative stress, dysfunction and degeneration of RPE, and AMD-like ocular pathologies in aging mice. Loss of REV-ERBα exacerbates chemical-induced RPE damage, and pharmacological activation of REV-ERBα protects RPE from oxidative damage both in vivo and in vitro. REV-ERBα directly regulates transcription of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its downstream antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase to counter oxidative damage. Moreover, aged mice with RPE specific knockout of REV-ERBα also exhibit accumulated oxidative stress and fundus and RPE pathologies. Together, our results suggest that REV-ERBα is a novel intrinsic protector of the RPE against age-dependent oxidative stress and a new molecular target for developing potential therapies to treat age-related retinal degeneration.
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Hatton SL, Pandey MK. Fat and Protein Combat Triggers Immunological Weapons of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems to Launch Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1089. [PMID: 35163013 PMCID: PMC8835271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, affecting up to 10 million people. This disease mainly happens due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons accountable for memory and motor function. Partial glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and the resultant excess accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation have been linked to predominant risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration and memory and motor defects in PD, with known and unknown causes. An increasing body of evidence uncovers the role of several other lipids and their association with α-syn aggregation, which activates the innate and adaptive immune system and sparks brain inflammation in PD. Here, we review the emerging role of a number of lipids, i.e., triglyceride (TG), diglycerides (DG), glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sphingolipids, gangliosides, glycerophospholipids (GPL), and cholesterols, and their connection with α-syn aggregation as well as the induction of innate and adaptive immune reactions that trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Liu Z, Overton M, Chauhan A. Transport of Vitamin E from Ethanol/Water Solution into Contact Lenses and Impact on Drug Transport. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:396-403. [PMID: 35049374 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Contact lens-based drug delivery has many advantages over eye drops including higher bioavailability and sustained release. Commercial contact lenses release drug rapidly necessitating integration of control-release mechanisms into the lenses such as incorporation of vitamin E diffusion barriers. In prior publications, vitamin E barriers are loaded by placing the lenses in vitamin E-ethanol solution, followed by the ethanol extraction. In this article, we investigate feasibility of manufacturing vitamin E barriers by soaking contact lenses in vitamin E dissolved in ethanol-water solutions to minimize swelling. Methods: Contact lenses are soaked in solutions of vitamin E dissolved in ethanol-water mixtures. The dynamics of vitamin E transport into the measured and fitted to diffusion equation to determine diffusivity and partition coefficient. Vitamin E loaded lenses are imaged and transport of hydrophilic drug timolol is measured. Results: The partition coefficient of vitamin E increases more than 5 and 10-fold when the water content in the loading solution reaches 15% and 25% (v/v), respectively. The solubility of vitamin E in the solutions decreases as water fraction increases but the increase in partition coefficient allows for loading > 20% vitamin E in the lens. The barriers manufactured by this approach are effective at sustaining release of glaucoma drug timolol. Conclusions: Vitamin E barriers can be incorporated into contact lenses by soaking in solutions of vitamin E in water and ethanol. Vitamin E barriers extended hydrophilic drug release and the reduced swelling is beneficial in minimizing the possibility of lens damage during loading of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Anuj Chauhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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Li Y, Li X, Li X, Zeng Z, Strang N, Shu X, Tan Z. Non-neglectable therapeutic options for age-related macular degeneration: A promising perspective from traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114531. [PMID: 34474141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which causes irreversible central vision loss among the elderly population. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), including formulas, acupuncture and herbs, has been used in the treatment of AMD for thousands of years and is currently used by many AMD patients around the world. AIM OF THE REVIEW A comprehensive, in-depth literature review examining the use of TCM in the treatment of AMD has yet to be compiled. This review will improve current knowledge relating to the use of TCM and will open new avenues of exploration in developing new drugs for the treatment of AMD. METHODS A literature search of the PubMed database, Web of Science, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed using relevant terms and keywords related to TCM in the treatment of AMD. Related books, PhD and master's theses were also researched. RESULTS The TCM-based interpretation of AMD has been used to establish a theoretical foundation for understanding the effect of TCM formulas and acupuncture on AMD. The possible mechanism of action of common Chinese herbs has also been discussed in detail. CONCLUSION TCM is a promising treatment option of AMD patients. However, lack of rigorous scientific evidence has limited the impact and uptake of TCM therapy. Future research should focus on improving understanding of the mechanism of action and bioactive components of TCM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, 410022, PR China
| | - Niall Strang
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, PR China; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2194-2206. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lewandowski D, Sander CL, Tworak A, Gao F, Xu Q, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Dynamic lipid turnover in photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium throughout life. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101037. [PMID: 34971765 PMCID: PMC10361839 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium-photoreceptor interphase is renewed each day in a stunning display of cellular interdependence. While photoreceptors use photosensitive pigments to convert light into electrical signals, the RPE supports photoreceptors in their function by phagocytizing shed photoreceptor tips, regulating the blood retina barrier, and modulating inflammatory responses, as well as regenerating the 11-cis-retinal chromophore via the classical visual cycle. These processes involve multiple protein complexes, tightly regulated ligand-receptors interactions, and a plethora of lipids and protein-lipids interactions. The role of lipids in maintaining a healthy interplay between the RPE and photoreceptors has not been fully delineated. In recent years, novel technologies have resulted in major advancements in understanding several facets of this interplay, including the involvement of lipids in phagocytosis and phagolysosome function, nutrient recycling, and the metabolic dependence between the two cell types. In this review, we aim to integrate the complex role of lipids in photoreceptor and RPE function, emphasizing the dynamic exchange between the cells as well as discuss how these processes are affected in aging and retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lewandowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L Sander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aleksander Tworak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qianlan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Liu J, Li Y, Pu Q, Qiu H, Di D, Cao Y. A polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L.: Structure and protective effects against oxidative stress and high-glucose-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:111-120. [PMID: 34968548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are beneficial for vision; however, relevant research has mainly focused on entire crude polysaccharides, with the basis and exact structure of the polysaccharide rarely explored. In this study, LICP009-3F-2a, a novel polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L., was separated and then purified using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characteristics were investigated using chemical and spectroscopic methods, which revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has an Mw of 13720 Da and is an acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of rhamnose (39.1%), arabinose (7.4%), galactose (22.5%), glucose (8.3%), galacturonic acid (13.7%), and glucuronic acid (4.0%). Linkage and NMR data revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has the following backbone: →2)-α-L-Rha-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha- (1→4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with three main branches, including: α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6) -β-D-Galp-(1→. Differential scanning colorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that LICP009-3F-2a is thermally stable, while X-ray diffractometry showed that LICP009-3F-2a has a semi-crystalline structure. In addition, LICP009-3F-2a protects ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by regulating the expression of antioxidant SOD1 and CAT enzymes and down-regulating MMP2 expression. Moreover, LICP009-3F-2a promotes the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and protects ARPE-19 cells from hyperglycemia by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunchun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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Dieguez HH, Calanni JS, Romeo HE, Alaimo A, González Fleitas MF, Iaquinandi A, Chianelli MS, Keller Sarmiento MI, Sande PH, Rosenstein RE, Dorfman D. Enriched environment and visual stimuli protect the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors in a mouse model of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1128. [PMID: 34864827 PMCID: PMC9632251 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD), the main cause of blindness in people above 50 years old, lacks effective treatments at the moment. We have developed a new NE-AMD model through unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx), which elicits the disease main features in C57Bl/6J mice. The involvement of oxidative stress in the damage induced by NE-AMD to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina has been strongly supported by evidence. We analysed the effect of enriched environment (EE) and visual stimulation (VS) in the RPE/outer retina damage within experimental NE-AMD. Exposure to EE starting 48 h post-SCGx, which had no effect on the choriocapillaris ubiquitous thickness increase, protected visual functions, prevented the thickness increase of the Bruch’s membrane, and the loss of the melanin of the RPE, number of melanosomes, and retinoid isomerohydrolase (RPE65) immunoreactivity, as well as the ultrastructural damage of the RPE and photoreceptors, exclusively circumscribed to the central temporal (but not nasal) region, induced by experimental NE-AMD. EE also prevented the increase in outer retina/RPE oxidative stress markers and decrease in mitochondrial mass at 6 weeks post-SCGx. Moreover, EE increased RPE and retinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, particularly in Müller cells. When EE exposure was delayed (dEE), starting at 4 weeks post-SCGx, it restored visual functions, reversed the RPE melanin content and RPE65-immunoreactivity decrease. Exposing animals to VS protected visual functions and prevented the decrease in RPE melanin content and RPE65 immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that EE housing and VS could become an NE-AMD promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán H Dieguez
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan S Calanni
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio E Romeo
- School of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, BIOMED/UCA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Nanotools, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences/IQUIBICEN, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F González Fleitas
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Iaquinandi
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica S Chianelli
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I Keller Sarmiento
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Sande
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth E Rosenstein
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián Dorfman
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Weber SR, Zhao Y, Ma J, Gates C, da Veiga Leprevost F, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Gardner TW, Sundstrom JM. A validated analysis pipeline for mass spectrometry-based vitreous proteomics: new insights into proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:28. [PMID: 34861815 PMCID: PMC8903510 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitreous is an accessible, information-rich biofluid that has recently been studied as a source of retinal disease-related proteins and pathways. However, the number of samples required to confidently identify perturbed pathways remains unknown. In order to confidently identify these pathways, power analysis must be performed to determine the number of samples required, and sample preparation and analysis must be rigorously defined. Methods Control (n = 27) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 23) vitreous samples were treated as biologically distinct individuals or pooled together and aliquoted into technical replicates. Quantitative mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag labeling was used to identify proteins in individual or pooled control samples to determine technical and biological variability. To determine effect size and perform power analysis, control and proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples were analyzed across four 10-plexes. Pooled samples were used to normalize the data across plexes and generate a single data matrix for downstream analysis. Results The total number of unique proteins identified was 1152 in experiment 1, 989 of which were measured in all samples. In experiment 2, 1191 proteins were identified, 727 of which were measured across all samples in all plexes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025986. Spearman correlations of protein abundance estimations revealed minimal technical (0.99–1.00) and biological (0.94–0.98) variability. Each plex contained two unique pooled samples: one for normalizing across each 10-plex, and one to internally validate the normalization algorithm. Spearman correlation of the validation pool following normalization was 0.86–0.90. Principal component analysis revealed stratification of samples by disease and not by plex. Subsequent differential expression and pathway analyses demonstrated significant activation of metabolic pathways and inhibition of neuroprotective pathways in proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples relative to controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates a feasible, rigorous, and scalable method that can be applied to future proteomic studies of vitreous and identifies previously unrecognized metabolic pathways that advance understanding of diabetic retinopathy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-021-09328-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher Gates
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Felipe da Veiga Leprevost
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sundstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Tao L, He D, Liao C, Cai B, Chen C, Wang Y, Chen J, Liu Z, Wu Y. Repressing c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling mitigates retinal pigment epithelium degeneration in mice with failure to clear all-trans-retinal. Exp Eye Res 2021; 214:108877. [PMID: 34863682 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis arising from all-trans-retinal (atRAL) is in close contact with the etiology of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and autosomal recessive Stargardt's disease (STGD1), but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we reported that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation facilitated atRAL-induced apoptosis of RPE cells. Reactive oxygen species production and endoplasmic reticulum stress were identified as two of major upstream events responsible for activating JNK signaling in atRAL-loaded RPE cells. Inhibiting JNK signaling rescued RPE cells from apoptosis induced by atRAL through attenuating caspase-3 activation leading to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA damage response. Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice upon light exposure exhibit rapidly increased accumulation of atRAL in the retina, and display severe RPE degeneration, a primary attribute of dry AMD and STGD1. Reducing JNK signaling by intraperitoneally injected JNK-IN-8 was highly effective in preventing RPE atrophy and apoptosis in light-exposed Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice. These findings afford a further understanding for contribution of JNK activation by atRAL to retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Danxue He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Binxiang Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingmeng Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yalin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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41
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Kim J, Lee YJ, Won JY. Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212298. [PMID: 34830181 PMCID: PMC8624542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), situated upon Bruch’s membrane, plays multiple roles in the ocular system by interacting with photoreceptors and. Therefore, dysfunction of the RPE causes diseases related to vision loss, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Despite AMD being a global cause of blindness, the pathogenesis remains unclear. Understanding the pathogenesis of AMD is the first step for its prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the common pathways of RPE dysfunction and their effect in AMD. Potential treatment strategies for AMD based on targeting the RPE have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Yeo Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea;
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14662, Korea
| | - Jae Yon Won
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea;
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14662, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Retinal Lineage Therapeutic Specific Effect of Human Orbital and Abdominal Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7022247. [PMID: 34712333 PMCID: PMC8548122 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7022247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are one of the main causes of complete blindness in aged population. In this study, we compared the therapeutic potential for retinal degeneration of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from abdominal subcutaneous fat (ABASCs) or from orbital fat (OASCs) due to their accessibility and mutual embryonic origin with retinal tissue, respectively. OASCs were found to protect RPE cells from cell death and were demonstrated to increase early RPE precursor markers, while ABASCs showed a raise in retinal precursor marker expression. Subretinal transplantation of OASCs in a mouse model of retinal degeneration led to restoration of the RPE layer while transplantation of ABASCs resulted in a significant restoration of the photoreceptor layer. Taken together, we demonstrated a lineage-specific therapeutic effect for either OASCs or ABASCs in retinal regeneration.
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Chae SY, Shin MC, Jeon S, Kang MS, Han DW, Hong SW. A Simple Route to the Complexation of Lutein with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers and Antioxidant Protection Against Blue Light. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6843-6860. [PMID: 34675511 PMCID: PMC8505195 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s320790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excellent physicochemical properties of graphene-based materials, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), offer significant technological potential as multifunctional nanomaterials in biomedical fields. Lutein is a type of carotenoid that forms human macular pigments in the retina, where it inhibits harmful blue light and contributes to the strengthening of the antioxidant defense of retinal pigment epithelium cells. METHODS Synthesis of the Lutein-rGO (Lu-rGO) complex was carried out for the optimized concentration. Then characterization of material was analyzed through ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis spectra), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antioxidant activity of Lu-rGO complex was measured by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), glutathione (GSH) oxidation assay. Then, oxidative stress induction by blue light and analyzed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Based on the FT-IR measurement, the reduction efficiency defined by area was found to be 87.3%, the ID/IG ratio of 0.98 demonstrated by the Lu-rGO complex in the Raman spectrum was slightly higher than that of the original GO. The exhibited significant decrease in the peak intensities of the oxygen functional groups of the XPS spectra of the Lu-rGO complex was observed compared with the GO. In the TEM image for the Lu-rGO complex, folded and wrinkled nanostructures over the lutein-covered rGO surface were evidenced by tight molecular binding. The Lu-rGO complex provided superior DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than GO and lutein alone, and the oxidation of GSH was suppressed. It was confirmed that the content of intracellular ROS and lysosomes, increased by blue light, was reduced after treatment with the Lu-rGO complex on ARPE-19 cells. In summary, graphene-based nanocarriers could function as preventative antioxidants during photochemical ROS generation based on the mechanism of antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yeong Chae
- Research Center for Dielectric and Advanced Matter Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chan Shin
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Jeon
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Sato T, Takeuchi M, Karasawa Y, Ito M. Profiles of Cytokines Secreted by ARPE-19 Cells Exposed to Light and Incubated with Anti-VEGF Antibody. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101333. [PMID: 34680450 PMCID: PMC8533158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the major source of cytokines in the retina regulating the intraocular immune environment, and a primary target of photodamage. Here, we examined 27 types of cytokines secreted by ARPE-19 cells exposed to visible light and incubated with aflibercept or ranibizumab, which are two anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies. The cells were cultured for 24 h in the dark or under 2000 lux irradiation from a daylight-colored fluorescent lamp, and cytokine levels in the culture supernatant were measured. In the light-irradiated culture, the levels of IL-9, IL-17A and bFGF were higher, and the levels of IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and MCP-1 were lower than those in the dark culture, while there was no significant difference with the VEGF-A level. In subgroup analyses of the light-irradiated culture, the bFGF level under 250 to 2000 lux irradiation was elevated in a light intensity-dependent manner. In culture exposed to blue, green or red light, the bFGF level was elevated by blue light and was high compared to that by green or red light. In culture with aflibercept or ranibizumab in the dark, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, bFGF and MCP-1 were increased, and the IL-12 level decreased synchronously with a reduction in the VEGF-A level. Our findings indicate that continuous irradiation of visible light and VEGF suppression may be an influential factor in expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines secreted by human RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-2995-1683; Fax: +81-4-2993-5332
| | - Yoko Karasawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Masataka Ito
- Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan;
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Rodríguez ML, Millán I, Ortega ÁL. Cellular targets in diabetic retinopathy therapy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1442-1462. [PMID: 34630899 PMCID: PMC8472497 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of treatment for diabetes, inadequate metabolic control triggers the appearance of chronic complications such as diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is considered a multifactorial disease of complex etiology in which oxidative stress and low chronic inflammation play essential roles. Chronic exposure to hyperglycemia triggers a loss of redox balance that is critical for the appearance of neuronal and vascular damage during the development and progression of the disease. Current therapies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy are used in advanced stages of the disease and are unable to reverse the retinal damage induced by hyperglycemia. The lack of effective therapies without side effects means there is an urgent need to identify an early action capable of preventing the development of the disease and its pathophysiological consequences in order to avoid loss of vision associated with diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, in this review we propose different therapeutic targets related to the modulation of the redox and inflammatory status that, potentially, can prevent the development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lucía Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Millán
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Ortega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
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Liang R, Zhao Q, Zhu Q, He X, Gao M, Wang Y. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects ARPE‑19 cells against H 2O 2‑induced oxidative stress via the Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:769. [PMID: 34490478 PMCID: PMC8436232 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a global health problem. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been proven to be effective against several eye diseases. However, only a few studies have investigated the effectiveness of LBP for AMD. In the present study, the human retinal epithelial cell line, ARPE-19, was pretreated with LBP for 24 h before exposure to H2O2 (500 µM). Cell viability was assessed, and a series of oxidative and antioxidant indicators were evaluated to determine the influence of LBP on H2O2-triggered oxidative stress. The present study also determined the apoptosis status, as well as the expression levels of apoptotic proteins and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway proteins. The present study aimed to determine the protective role for LBP pretreatment and its underlying molecular mechanism. The results of the present study suggest that pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with LBP exhibit high efficacy at reducing oxidative damage and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Furthermore, LBP may modulate the expression of proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway and activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
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Protective Mechanism of Berberine on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells against Apoptosis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide via the Stimulation of Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7654143. [PMID: 34422209 PMCID: PMC8378965 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7654143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of severe and irreversible vision loss with limited effective therapies. Diminished autophagy and increased oxidative damage caused by ROS in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD, and strategies aimed at enhancing autophagy are likely to protect these cells from oxidative damage. We have previously shown that berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Chinese herbs, was able to protect human RPE cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage through AMPK activation. However, the precise mechanisms behind this protective effect remain unclear. Given the essential role of AMPK in autophagy activation, we postulated that BBR may confer protection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage by stimulating AMPK-dependent autophagy. Our results showed that BBR was able to induce autophagy in D407 cells, whereas autophagy inhibitor PIKIII or silencing of LC3B blocked the protective effect of BBR. Further analysis showed that BBR activated the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathways and that both pharmacological and genetic inhibitions of the AMPK pathway abolished the autophagy-stimulating effect of BBR. Similar results were obtained in primary cultured human RPE cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BBR is able to stimulate autophagy in D407 cells via the activation of AMPK pathway and that its protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage relies on its autophagy-modulatory effect. Our findings also provide evidence to support the potential application of BBR in preventing and treating AMD.
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Lem DW, Davey PG, Gierhart DL, Rosen RB. A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1255. [PMID: 34439503 PMCID: PMC8389280 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a leading cause of modifiable vision loss in older adults. Chronic oxidative injury and compromised antioxidant defenses represent essential drivers in the development of retinal neurodegeneration. Overwhelming free radical species formation results in mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as cellular and metabolic imbalance, which becomes exacerbated with increasing age. Thus, the depletion of systemic antioxidant capacity further proliferates oxidative stress in AMD-affected eyes, resulting in loss of photoreceptors, neuroinflammation, and ultimately atrophy within the retinal tissue. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the neuroprotective potential of the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin on retinal neurodegeneration for the purpose of adjunctive nutraceutical strategy in the management of AMD. A comprehensive literature review was performed to retrieve 55 eligible publications, using four database searches from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. Epidemiology studies indicated an enhanced risk reduction against late AMD with greater dietary consumption of carotenoids, meanwhile greater concentrations in macular pigment demonstrated significant improvements in visual function among AMD patients. Collectively, evidence strongly suggests that carotenoid vitamin therapies offer remarkable synergic protection in the neurosensory retina, with the potential to serve as adjunctive nutraceutical therapy in the management of established AMD, albeit these benefits may vary among different stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W. Lem
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | | | | | - Richard B. Rosen
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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Choudhury R, Bayatti N, Scharff R, Szula E, Tilakaratna V, Udsen MS, McHarg S, Askari JA, Humphries MJ, Bishop PN, Clark SJ. FHL-1 interacts with human RPE cells through the α5β1 integrin and confers protection against oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14175. [PMID: 34239032 PMCID: PMC8266909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that underlie the neurosensory retina are essential for the maintenance of photoreceptor cells and hence vision. Interactions between the RPE and their basement membrane, i.e. the inner layer of Bruch's membrane, are essential for RPE cell health and function, but the signals induced by Bruch's membrane engagement, and their contributions to RPE cell fate determination remain poorly defined. Here, we studied the functional role of the soluble complement regulator and component of Bruch's membrane, Factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1). Human primary RPE cells adhered to FHL-1 in a manner that was eliminated by either mutagenesis of the integrin-binding RGD motif in FHL-1 or by using competing antibodies directed against the α5 and β1 integrin subunits. These short-term experiments reveal an immediate protein-integrin interaction that were obtained from primary RPE cells and replicated using the hTERT-RPE1 cell line. Separate, longer term experiments utilising RNAseq analysis of hTERT-RPE1 cells bound to FHL-1, showed an increased expression of the heat-shock protein genes HSPA6, CRYAB, HSPA1A and HSPA1B when compared to cells bound to fibronectin (FN) or laminin (LA). Pathway analysis implicated changes in EIF2 signalling, the unfolded protein response, and mineralocorticoid receptor signalling as putative pathways. Subsequent cell survival assays using H2O2 to induce oxidative stress-induced cell death suggest hTERT-RPE1 cells had significantly greater protection when bound to FHL-1 or LA compared to plastic or FN. These data show a non-canonical role of FHL-1 in protecting RPE cells against oxidative stress and identifies a novel interaction that has implications for ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawshan Choudhury
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadhim Bayatti
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Scharff
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Ewa Szula
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Viranga Tilakaratna
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Maja Søberg Udsen
- Panum Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Selina McHarg
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul N Bishop
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon J Clark
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK.
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford, UK.
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- University Eye Clinic, Department for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Lem DW, Gierhart DL, Davey PG. Carotenoids in the Management of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061949. [PMID: 34204051 PMCID: PMC8228567 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Recent evidence further substantiates sustained oxidative stress, and compromised antioxidant defenses are key drivers in the onset of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Overwhelming oxidative injury is likely attributed to compounding mitochondrial dysfunction that worsens with age-related processes, causing aberrant formation of free radical species. Thus, a compromised systemic antioxidant capacity exacerbates further oxidative insult in glaucoma, leading to apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and subsequent tissue injury. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the neuroprotective benefits of the macular carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin on glaucomatous neurodegeneration for the purpose of adjunctive nutraceutical treatment in glaucoma. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) and 20 records were identified for screening. Lutein demonstrated enhanced neuroprotection on retinal ganglion cell survival and preserved synaptic activity. In clinical studies, a protective trend was seen with greater dietary consumption of carotenoids and risk of glaucoma, while greater carotenoid levels in macular pigment were largely associated with improved visual performance in glaucomatous eyes. The data suggest that carotenoid vitamin therapy exerts synergic neuroprotective benefits and has the capacity to serve adjunctive therapy in the management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W. Lem
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second St, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | | | - Pinakin Gunvant Davey
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second St, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-469-8473
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