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He A, Zheng S, Luan W, Wang L, Qian L, Qi F, Feng Z. Antiphotoaging Effect of Micronized Fat in Ultraviolet B-Induced Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:1023-1033. [PMID: 36988447 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and mesenchymal stem cells have been proven to reduce the effects of skin photoaging. However, there is no standardized protocol for their preparation. This study aimed to investigate the skin rejuvenation potential of micronized fat, obtained using a novel device attached with a trifoliate blade, in the ultraviolet B (UV-B)-induced human dermal fibroblast model. METHODS Micronized fat was prepared to obtain adipose-derived SVF, and the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-to-SVF ratio was determined by flow cytometry. The UV-B-induced human dermal fibroblasts model was constructed to identify the characteristics of the human dermal fibroblasts using vimentin and S-100 immunostaining, observe their morphology, and measure the levels of photoaging-related factors. After the previous steps were completed, different cell groups were co-cultured with UV-B-induced human dermal fibroblasts, and the extent of improvement of photoaging was evaluated. RESULTS Micronized fat had a higher adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-to-SVF ratio than the control fat preparations. The UV-B-induced human dermal fibroblasts model showed lowered levels of type I collagen and transforming growth factor-β and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are the characteristics of photoaging in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Compared with different cell groups co-cultured with UV-B-induced human dermal fibroblasts, micronized fat could lower the expression of MMPs and increase the level of type I collagen but lower the level of transforming growth factor-β. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining micronized fat is more effortless and clinically safer. Micronized fat has an antiphotoaging effect by inhibiting the expression of MMPs by means of the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The authors' work has potential clinical applications in fat grafting for facial rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi He
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University
| | - Shaoluan Zheng
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University
| | - Wenjie Luan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Leqi Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Fazhi Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Zihao Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
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2
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Mavrogonatou E, Papadopoulou A, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D. Senescence-associated alterations in the extracellular matrix: deciphering their role in the regulation of cellular function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C633-C647. [PMID: 37486063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00178.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structural network that provides a physical scaffolding, as well as biochemical factors that maintain normal tissue homeostasis and thus its disruption is implicated in many pathological conditions. On the other hand, senescent cells express a particular secretory phenotype, affecting the composition and organization of the surrounding ECM and modulating their microenvironment. As accumulation of senescent cells may be linked to the manifestation of several age-related conditions, senescence-associated ECM alterations may serve as targets for novel anti-aging treatment modalities. Here, we will review characteristic changes in the ECM elicited by cellular senescence and we will discuss the complex interplay between ECM and senescent cells, in relation to normal aging and selected age-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
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Smythe P, Wilkinson HN. The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043950. [PMID: 36835363 PMCID: PMC9963692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our skin is the largest organ of the body, serving as an important barrier against the harsh extrinsic environment. Alongside preventing desiccation, chemical damage and hypothermia, this barrier protects the body from invading pathogens through a sophisticated innate immune response and co-adapted consortium of commensal microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota. These microorganisms inhabit distinct biogeographical regions dictated by skin physiology. Thus, it follows that perturbations to normal skin homeostasis, as occurs with ageing, diabetes and skin disease, can cause microbial dysbiosis and increase infection risk. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts in skin microbiome research, highlighting pertinent links between skin ageing, the microbiome and cutaneous repair. Moreover, we address gaps in current knowledge and highlight key areas requiring further exploration. Future advances in this field could revolutionise the way we treat microbial dysbiosis associated with skin ageing and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paisleigh Smythe
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Holly N. Wilkinson
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Romanova N, Schmitz J, Strakeljahn M, Grünberger A, Bahnemann J, Noll T. Single-Cell Analysis of CHO Cells Reveals Clonal Heterogeneity in Hyperosmolality-Induced Stress Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111763. [PMID: 35681457 PMCID: PMC9179406 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolality can occur during industrial fed-batch cultivation processes of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as highly concentrated feed and base solutions are added to replenish nutrients and regulate pH values. Some effects of hyperosmolality, such as increased cell size and growth inhibition, have been elucidated by previous research, but the impact of hyperosmolality and the specific effects of the added osmotic-active reagents have rarely been disentangled. In this study, CHO cells were exposed to four osmotic conditions between 300 mOsm/kg (physiologic condition) and 530 mOsm/kg (extreme hyperosmolality) caused by the addition of either high-glucose-supplemented industrial feed or mannitol as an osmotic control. We present novel single-cell cultivation data revealing heterogeneity in mass gain and cell division in response to these treatments. Exposure to extreme mannitol-induced hyperosmolality and to high-glucose-oversupplemented feed causes cell cycle termination, mtDNA damage, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, which hints at the onset of premature stress-induced senescence. Thus, this study shows that both mannitol-induced hyperosmolality (530 mOsm/kg) and glucose overfeeding induce severe negative effects on cell growth and mitochondrial activity; therefore, they need to be considered during process development for commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Romanova
- Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.S.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-6324
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Marie Strakeljahn
- Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Noll
- Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.S.); (T.N.)
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MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs in the Redox Control of Cell Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030480. [PMID: 35326131 PMCID: PMC8944605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence is critical in diverse aspects of organism life. It is involved in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as in tumor suppression. Consequently, it is tightly integrated with basic physiological processes during life. On the other hand, senescence is gradually being considered as a major contributor of organismal aging and age-related diseases. Increased oxidative stress is one of the main risk factors for cellular damages, and thus a driver of senescence. In fact, there is an intimate link between cell senescence and response to different types of cellular stress. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is not adequately detoxified by the antioxidant defense systems. Non-coding RNAs are endogenous transcripts that govern gene regulatory networks, thus impacting both physiological and pathological events. Among these molecules, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and more recently circular RNAs are considered crucial mediators of almost all cellular processes, including those implicated in oxidative stress responses. Here, we will describe recent data on the link between ROS/RNS-induced senescence and the current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs in the senescence program.
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Pluquet O, Abbadie C. Cellular senescence and tumor promotion: Role of the Unfolded Protein Response. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:285-334. [PMID: 33858599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state which can be viewed as a stress response phenotype implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to understand why and how a cell acquires and maintains a senescent phenotype. Direct evidence has pointed to the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum whose control appears strikingly affected during senescence. The endoplasmic reticulum is one of the sensing organelles that transduce signals between different pathways in order to adapt a functional proteome upon intrinsic or extrinsic challenges. One of these signaling pathways is the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which has been shown to be activated during senescence. Its exact contribution to senescence onset, maintenance, and escape, however, is still poorly understood. In this article, we review the mechanisms through which the UPR contributes to the appearance and maintenance of characteristic senescent features. We also discuss whether the perturbation of the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis or accumulation of misfolded proteins could be possible causes of senescence, and-as a consequence-to what extent the UPR components could be considered as therapeutic targets allowing for the elimination of senescent cells or altering their secretome to prevent neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pluquet
- Univ Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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7
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Fitsiou E, Pulido T, Campisi J, Alimirah F, Demaria M. Cellular Senescence and the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype as Drivers of Skin Photoaging. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1119-1126. [PMID: 33349436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to UVR is known to disrupt tissue homeostasis, accelerate the onset of age-related phenotypes, and increase the risk for skin cancer-a phenomenon defined as photoaging. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on how UV exposure causes cells to prematurely enter cellular senescence. We describe the mechanisms contributing to the accumulation of senescent cells in the skin and how the persistence of cellular senescence can promote impaired regenerative capacity, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis associated with photoaging. We conclude by highlighting the potential of senolytic drugs in delaying the onset and progression of age-associated phenotypes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Fitsiou
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanya Pulido
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Sung SM, Lee SJ, Lee KW, Kim JC. Ultraviolet B-induced Senescence Model Using Corneal Fibroblasts and the Anti-aging Effect of Angiogenin. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.9.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Sudhir G, Balasubramaniam S, Jayabalan V, Sundaram S, Kumar V, Kailash K. Does Type II Diabetes Induce Early Senescence and Degeneration in Human Intervertebral Discs? A Tissue Biomarker Evaluation. Int J Spine Surg 2020; 14:341-346. [PMID: 32699756 DOI: 10.14444/7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of morbidity resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. Animal studies have shown that hyperglycemia results in stress-induced senescence through the p16-pRb pathway, thereby accelerating early disc degeneration. There is a paucity of literature on the effect of hyperglycemia in human intervertebral disc cells. We aimed to analyze the effect of diabetes mellitus in human intervertebral disc cells. Methods This is a prospective study done in patients with degenerative disc disease. Patients were categorized into a control group (no diabetes: 26 patients) and a study group (type 2 diabetes for > 3 years: 24 patients). All patients underwent either discectomy or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and the removed disc was transported to pathology department. Tissue was prepared and histopathological grading was done followed by immunohistochemistry studies using antibodies for MMP-1, p21, p16, and pRb. Results Samples from diabetic patients had severe (grade 2) degenerative changes compared with the control group (grade 1). Changes were more intense in the nucleus pulposus with increased cellularity and clustering of chondrocytes, and disorganization and loss of nuclear matrix. Immunohistochemical staining for MMP1, p16, and pRb was more intense (Q score = 4) whereas the staining for p21 was less intense (Q score = 1) in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that type 2 diabetes mellitus accelerates stress-induced senescence in human intervertebral discs resulting in early disc degeneration. Also, the severity of disc degeneration is severe compared with the normal subjects. Clinical Relevance Hyperglycemia can affect the intervertebral discs similar to other organs and hence adequate control of blood glucose in diabetics can prevent the disc degeneration, which is the initiator of degeneration cascade in spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sudhir
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vignesh Jayabalan
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesh Kumar
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Kailash
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Levi N, Papismadov N, Solomonov I, Sagi I, Krizhanovsky V. The ECM path of senescence in aging: components and modifiers. FEBS J 2020; 287:2636-2646. [PMID: 32145148 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key noncellular component in all organs and tissues. It is composed of a large number of proteins including collagens, glycoproteins (GP), and ECM-associated proteins, which show diversity of biochemical and biophysical functions. The ECM is dynamic both in normal physiology of tissues and under pathological conditions. One cellular phenomenon associated with changes in both ECM components expression and in ECM remodeling enzymes secretion is cellular senescence. It represents a stable state form of cell cycle arrest induced in proliferating cells by various forms of stress. Short-term induction of senescence is essential for tumor suppression and tissue repair. However, long-term presence of senescent cells in tissues may have a detrimental role in promoting tissue damage and aging. Up to date, there is insufficient knowledge about the interplay between the ECM and senescence cells. Since changes in the ECM occur in many physiological and pathological conditions in which senescent cells are present, a better understanding of ECM-senescence interactions is necessary. Here, we will review the functions of the different ECM components and will discuss the current knowledge about their regulation in senescent cells and their influence on the senescence state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Levi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nurit Papismadov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Yang Y, Yin R, Wu R, Ramirez CN, Sargsyan D, Li S, Wang L, Cheng D, Wang C, Hudlikar R, Kuo HC, Lu Y, Kong AN. DNA methylome and transcriptome alterations and cancer prevention by triterpenoid ursolic acid in UVB-induced skin tumor in mice. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1738-1753. [PMID: 31237383 PMCID: PMC6722003 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common type of skin cancers. Major risk factors for NMSCs include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpenoid enriched in blueberries and herbal medicinal products, and possess anticancer activities. This study focuses on the impact of UA on epigenomic, genomic mechanisms and prevention of UVB-mediated NMSC. CpG methylome and RNA transcriptome alterations of early, promotion and late stages of UA treated on UVB-induced NMSC in SKH-1 hairless mice were conducted using CpG methyl-seq and RNA-seq. Samples were collected at weeks 2, 15, and 25, and integrated bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify key pathways and genes modified by UA against UVB-induced NMSC. Morphologically, UA significantly reduced NMSC tumor volume and tumor number. DNA methylome showed inflammatory pathways IL-8, NF-κB, and Nrf2 pathways were highly involved. Antioxidative stress master regulator Nrf2, cyclin D1, DNA damage, and anti-inflammatory pathways were induced by UA. Nrf2, cyclin D1, TNFrsf1b, and Mybl1 at early (2 weeks) and late (25 weeks) stages were identified and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In summary, integration of CpG methylome and RNA transcriptome studies show UA alters antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer pathways in UVB-induced NMSC carcinogenesis. Particularly, UA appears to drive Nrf2 and its upstream/downstream genes, anti-inflammatory (at early stages) and cell cycle regulatory (both early and late stages) genes, of which might contribute to the overall chemopreventive effects of UVB-induced MNSC. This study may provide potential biomarkers/targets for chemoprevention of early stage of UVB-induced NMSC in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Christina N. Ramirez
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Rutgers Robert
Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - David Cheng
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Kuo
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
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12
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Wang AS, Dreesen O. Biomarkers of Cellular Senescence and Skin Aging. Front Genet 2018; 9:247. [PMID: 30190724 PMCID: PMC6115505 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible growth arrest that occurs as a result of different damaging stimuli, including DNA damage, telomere shortening and dysfunction or oncogenic stress. Senescent cells exert a pleotropic effect on development, tissue aging and regeneration, inflammation, wound healing and tumor suppression. Strategies to remove senescent cells from aging tissues or preneoplastic lesions can delay tissue dysfunction and lead to increased healthspan. However, a significant hurdle in the aging field has been the identification of a universal biomarker that facilitates the unequivocal detection and quantification of senescent cell types in vitro and in vivo. Mammalian skin is the largest organ of the human body and consists of different cell types and compartments. Skin provides a physical barrier against harmful microbes, toxins, and protects us from ultraviolet radiation. Increasing evidence suggests that senescent cells accumulate in chronologically aged and photoaged skin; and may contribute to age-related skin changes and pathologies. Here, we highlight current biomarkers to detect senescent cells and review their utility in the context of skin aging. In particular, we discuss the efficacy of biomarkers to detect senescence within different skin compartments and cell types, and how they may contribute to myriad manifestations of skin aging and age-related skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S Wang
- Cell Ageing, Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oliver Dreesen
- Cell Ageing, Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Bürkle A. In memoriam Olivier Toussaint – Stress-induced premature senescence and the role of DNA damage. Mech Ageing Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Bielak-Zmijewska A, Mosieniak G, Sikora E. Is DNA damage indispensable for stress-induced senescence? Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 170:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Moreno-Blas D, Gorostieta-Salas E, Castro-Obregón S. Connecting chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction to cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:34-41. [PMID: 29113832 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is one of the main pathways of the lysosome-autophagy proteolytic system. It regulates different cellular process through the selective degradation of cytosolic proteins. In ageing, the function of CMA is impaired causing an inefficient stress response and the accumulation of damaged, oxidized or misfolded proteins, which is associated with numerous age-related diseases. Deficient protein degradation alters cellular proteostasis and activates signaling pathways that culminate in the induction of cellular senescence, whose accumulation is a typical feature of ageing. However, the relationship between CMA activity and cellular senescence has been poorly studied. Here, we review and integrate evidence showing that CMA dysfunction correlates with the acquisition of many hallmarks of cellular senescence and propose that loss of CMA function during aging promotes cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno-Blas
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Physiology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Elisa Gorostieta-Salas
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Physiology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Physiology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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16
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Nakyai W, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Viennet C, Humbert P, Viyoch J. An In Vitro
Model for Fibroblast Photoaging Comparing Single and Repeated UVA Irradiations. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1462-1471. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wongnapa Nakyai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Aurasorn Saraphanchotiwitthaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Céline Viennet
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory; INSERM UMR 1098; University of Franche-Comte; Besancon France
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory; INSERM UMR 1098; University of Franche-Comte; Besancon France
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital; Besancon France
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
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17
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Polycomb group proteins: Novel molecules associated with ultraviolet A-induced photoaging of human skin. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2554-2562. [PMID: 28962194 PMCID: PMC5609303 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic repressor polycomb group (PcG) proteins are thought to serve a role in a number of cellular processes, including carcinogenesis, senescence, apoptosis and DNA repair. In the present study, long-wave ultraviolet A (UVA) was used to irradiate human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and embryonic skin fibroblasts (ESFs) in order to simulate photoaging of the skin. The results of cell proliferation, apoptosis, hyaluronic acid (HA) content and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that the expression levels of genes encoding key PcG proteins (BMI-1 and EZH2) were altered. In addition, the expression levels of these genes were associated with the expression of enzymes that regulate HA synthesis. Furthermore, the expression levels of PcG proteins differed between HSFs and ESFs, suggesting that PcG proteins serve a role in altering HA synthesis during the UVA-induced fibroblast aging process. This signaling pathway may represent a novel molecular mechanism regulating the photoaging of the skin. The findings of the present study provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of photoaging of the human skin. Further studies are required to clarify the molecular mechanisms underling skin aging and to identify targets for the clinical treatment of photoaging.
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18
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Cavinato M, Koziel R, Romani N, Weinmüllner R, Jenewein B, Hermann M, Dubrac S, Ratzinger G, Grillari J, Schmuth M, Jansen-Dürr P. UVB-Induced Senescence of Human Dermal Fibroblasts Involves Impairment of Proteasome and Enhanced Autophagic Activity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:632-639. [PMID: 27516623 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we have extended previous findings aiming at a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying UVB-induced senescence of diploid human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), an experimental model to study the process of photoaging in the skin. We provide evidence that the inhibition of proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins and the activation of autophagosome formation are early events in UVB-induced senescence of HDFs, dependent on UVB-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our data suggest that autophagy is required for the establishment of the senescent phenotype in UVB-treated HDFs and that inhibition of autophagy is sufficient to change the cell fate from senescence to cell death by apoptosis. Studies in reconstructed skin equivalents revealed that UVB irradiation triggers hallmarks of autophagy induction in the dermal layer. These findings have potential implications for fundamental as well as translational research into skin aging, in particular photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cavinato
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rafal Koziel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Regina Weinmüllner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gudrun Ratzinger
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Lang A, Grether-Beck S, Singh M, Kuck F, Jakob S, Kefalas A, Altinoluk-Hambüchen S, Graffmann N, Schneider M, Lindecke A, Brenden H, Felsner I, Ezzahoini H, Marini A, Weinhold S, Vierkötter A, Tigges J, Schmidt S, Stühler K, Köhrer K, Uhrberg M, Haendeler J, Krutmann J, Piekorz RP. MicroRNA-15b regulates mitochondrial ROS production and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype through sirtuin 4/SIRT4. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:484-505. [PMID: 26959556 PMCID: PMC4833141 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins are involved in the control of metabolism and life-span regulation. Here, we link the mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT4 with cellular senescence, skin aging, and mitochondrial dysfunction. SIRT4 expression significantly increased in human dermal fibroblasts undergoing replicative or stress-induced senescence triggered by UVB or gamma-irradiation. In-vivo, SIRT4 mRNA levels were upregulated in photoaged vs. non-photoaged human skin. Interestingly, in all models of cellular senescence and in photoaged skin, upregulation of SIRT4 expression was associated with decreased levels of miR-15b. The latter was causally linked to increased SIRT4 expression because miR-15b targets a functional binding site in the SIRT4 gene and transfection of oligonucleotides mimicking miR-15b function prevented SIRT4 upregulation in senescent cells. Importantly, increased SIRT4 negatively impacted on mitochondrial functions and contributed to the development of a senescent phenotype. Accordingly, we observed that inhibition of miR-15b, in a SIRT4-dependent manner, increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and modulated mRNA levels of nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes and components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Thus, miR-15b is a negative regulator of stress-induced SIRT4 expression thereby counteracting senescence associated mitochondrial dysfunction and regulating the SASP and possibly organ aging, such as photoaging of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lang
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Grether-Beck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Madhurendra Singh
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Kuck
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Jakob
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kefalas
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Altinoluk-Hambüchen
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Graffmann
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika (ITZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maren Schneider
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antje Lindecke
- Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heidi Brenden
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Felsner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hakima Ezzahoini
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandra Marini
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika (ITZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Vierkötter
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika (ITZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Petrova NV, Velichko AK, Razin SV, Kantidze OL. Small molecule compounds that induce cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2016; 15:999-1017. [PMID: 27628712 PMCID: PMC6398529 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, dozens of stress‐induced cellular senescence phenotypes have been reported. These cellular senescence states may differ substantially from each other, as well as from replicative senescence through the presence of specific senescence features. Here, we attempted to catalog virtually all of the cellular senescence‐like states that can be induced by low molecular weight compounds. We summarized biological markers, molecular pathways involved in senescence establishment, and specific traits of cellular senescence states induced by more than fifty small molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artem K. Velichko
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
| | - Sergey V. Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Moscow Russia
- LIA 1066 French‐Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory 94805 Villejuif France
| | - Omar L. Kantidze
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS 34/5 Vavilova Street 119334 Moscow Russia
- LIA 1066 French‐Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory 94805 Villejuif France
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21
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Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Mitochondrial redox system, dynamics, and dysfunction in lung inflammaging and COPD. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:294-306. [PMID: 27474491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myriad forms of endogenous and environmental stress disrupt mitochondrial function by impacting critical processes in mitochondrial homeostasis, such as mitochondrial redox system, oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis, and mitophagy. External stressors that interfere with the steady state activity of mitochondrial functions are generally associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species, inflammatory response, and induction of cellular senescence (inflammaging) potentially via mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS). Many of these are the key events in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its exacerbations. In this review, we highlight the primary mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that are influenced by oxidative stress/redox system, including role of mitochondria during inflammation and cellular senescence, and how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD and its exacerbations via pathogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Lerner
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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22
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Harwansh RK, Mukherjee PK, Kar A, Bahadur S, Al-Dhabi NA, Duraipandiyan V. Enhancement of photoprotection potential of catechin loaded nanoemulsion gel against UVA induced oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:318-29. [PMID: 27167597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop a catechin (CA) loaded nanoemulsion based nano-gel for the protection of skin against ultraviolet radiation (UV) induced photo-damage and to ensure its enhanced skin permeability as well as bioavailability through transdermal route. The optimized nanoemulsion (CA-NE4) was prepared by spontaneous nano-emulsification method. It was composed of oil (ethyl oleate), Smix [surfactant (span 80) and co-surfactant (transcutol CG)] and aqueous system in an appropriate ratio of 15:62:23% w/w respectively. The CA-NE4 was characterized through assessment of droplet size, zeta potential, refractive index, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The average droplet size and zeta potential of CA-NE4 were found to be 98.6±1.01nm and -27.3±0.20mV respectively. The enhanced skin permeability was better with CA-NE4 based nano-gel (CA-NG4) [96.62%] compared to conventional gel (CA-CG) [53.01%] for a period of 24h. The enhanced % relative bioavailability (F) of CA (894.73), Cmax (93.79±6.19ngmL(-1)), AUC0-t∞ (2653.99±515.02nghmL(-1)) and Tmax (12.05±0.02h) was significantly obtained with CA-NG4 as compared to oral suspension for extended periods (72h). CA-NG4 could improve the level of cutaneous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) and reduce the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBRAS) against oxidative stress induced by UVA. Nano-gel formulation of CA showed sustained release profile and enhanced photoprotection potential due to its improved permeability as well as bioavailability (P<0.05) compared to the conventional gel. Therefore, transdermal administration of nano-gel (CA-NG4) of CA offers a better way to develop the endogenous cutaneous protection system and thus could be an effective strategy for decreasing UV-induced oxidative damage in the skin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit K Harwansh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pulok K Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Amit Kar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shiv Bahadur
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - V Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Rat Notochordal Cells Undergo Premature Stress-Induced Senescence by High Glucose. Asian Spine J 2015; 9:495-502. [PMID: 26240705 PMCID: PMC4522436 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2015.9.4.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design In vitro cell culture. Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of high glucose on premature stress-induced senescence of rat notochordal cells. Overview of Literature Glucose-mediated increase of oxidative stress is a major causative factor for the development of diseases associated with diabetes mellitus such as senescence. However, no information is available for the effect of high glucose on premature stress-induced senescence of rat notochordal cells. Methods Notochordal cells were isolated from 4-week-old rats, cultured and placed in either 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, normal control) or 10% FBS plus two high glucose concentrations (0.1 M and 0.2 M, experimental conditions) for 1 and 3 days. We identified and quantified the mitochondrial damage (mitochondrial transmembrane potential), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase, for each condition. We also identified and quantified senescence and telomerase activity. Finally, we determined the expression of proteins related to replicative senescence (p53-p21-pRB) and stress-induced senescence (p16-pRB) pathways. Results Two high glucose concentrations enhanced the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and excessive generation of ROS in notochordal cells for 1 and 3 days, respectively. The expressions of MnSOD and catalase were increased in notochordal cells treated with both high glucose concentrations at 1 and 3 days. The telomerase activity declined at 1 and 3 days. Two high glucose concentrations increased the occurrence of stress-induced senescence of notochordal cells by p16-pRB pathways at 1 and 3 days. Conclusions Despite compensatory expression of antioxidants, high glucose-induced oxidative stress accelerates stress-induced senescence in rat notochordal cells. This may result in dysfunction of notochordal cells, leading to accelerated premature disc degeneration. The prevention of excessive generation of oxidative stress by strict blood glucose control is important to prevent or to delay premature disc degeneration in young patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Effect of high glucose on stress-induced senescence of nucleus pulposus cells of adult rats. Asian Spine J 2015; 9:155-61. [PMID: 25901224 PMCID: PMC4404527 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2015.9.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design In vitro cell culture model. Purpose We investigated the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on senescence of adult nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Overview of Literature DM is a major public health issue worldwide, especially adult-onset (type 2) DM. DM is also thought to be an important etiological factor in disc degeneration. Hyperglycemia is considered to be a major causative factor in the development of DM-associated diseases through senescence. However, little is known about the effects of DM on senescence in adult NP cells. Methods Adult NP cells were isolated from 24-week-old rats, cultured, and placed in either 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, normal control) and 10% FBS plus two different high glucose concentrations (0.1 M or 0.2 M; experimental conditions) for 1 or 3 days. We identified and quantified the occurrence of senescence in adult rat NP cells using senescence-associated-beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. We also investigated the expression of proteins related to the replicative senescence (p53-p21-pRB) and stress-induced premature senescence (p16-pRB) pathways. Results The mean SA-β-Gal-positive percentage was increased in adult rat NP cells treated with high glucose in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both high glucose levels increased the expression of p16 and pRB proteins in adult rat NP cells. However, the levels of p53 and p21 proteins were decreased in adult rat NP cells treated with both high glucose concentrations. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that high glucose accelerated stress-induced senescence in adult rat NP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Accelerated stress-induced senescence in adult NP cells could be an emerging risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration in older patients with DM. These results suggest that strict blood glucose control is important in prevent or delaying intervertebral disc degeneration in older patients with DM.
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Mao GX, Xing WM, Wen XL, Jia BB, Yang ZX, Wang YZ, Jin XQ, Wang GF, Yan J. Salidroside protects against premature senescence induced by ultraviolet B irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:321-8. [PMID: 25639473 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salidroside, the predominant component of a Chinese herbal medicine, Rhodiola rosea L., becomes an attractive bio-agent due to its multifunction. Although it is well proposed that this herbal medicine may have photoprotective effect according to the folk hearsay, the direct supportive experimental evidences linking the drug with skin ageing have rarely been reported so far. The study was conducted to investigate the photoprotective role of salidrosdie and its related mechanisms in vitro. METHODS First, a premature senescence model induced by UVB irradiation (250 mJ cm(-2)) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was established, and senescent phenotypes were evaluated by cell morphology, cell proliferation, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and cell cycle distribution. Then the photoprotective effect of salidroside was investigated. Cells were pre-treated with various doses of salidroside (1, 5 and 10 μM) followed by the sublethal dosage of UVB exposure and then were harvested for various detections, including senescence-associated phenotypes and molecules, alteration of oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion and inflammatory response. RESULTS Pre-treatment of salidroside dose dependently reversed the senescent state of HDFs induced by UVB as evidenced by elevated cell viability, decreased SA-β-gal activity and relieving of G1/G0 cell cycle arrest. UVB-induced increased protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21(WAF) (1) and p16(INK) (4) was also repressed by salidrosdie treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in UVB-irradiated HDFs was inhibited upon salidroside treatment. Additionally, salidroside significantly attenuated UVB-induced synthesis of MMP-1 as well as the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in HDFs. CONCLUSION Our data provided the evidences for the protective role of salidroside against UVB-induced premature senescence in HDFs probably via its anti-oxidative property and inhibition on production of MMP-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which indicated its potential utilization as an active ingredient in the preparation of photoprotective formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-X Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
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Sung B, Chung JW, Bae HR, Choi JS, Kim CM, Kim ND. Humulus japonicus extract exhibits antioxidative and anti-aging effects via modulation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1819-1826. [PMID: 26136899 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial herb, Humulus japonicus, has been previously described as possessing potential antituberculosis and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the anti-aging activity of ethanol extracts from the leaves of H. japonicus (HJE) was evaluated in yeast and human fibroblast cells. In addition, the antioxidant activity of HJE was analyzed using free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the hypothesized HJE-associated extension of lifespan was investigated, and the results indicated that HJE was able to extend the lifespan of yeast cells. Further experiments demonstrated that HJE upregulated the longevity-associated proteins, sirtuin 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase, and effectively inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the antioxidative potential of the active constituents of HJE, including luteolin, luteolin 7-glycoside, quercetin and quercitrin, was evaluated and the results demonstrated that these flavonoids were able to scavenge ROS in cell-free and intracellular systems. In summary, the results revealed that HJE possessed the potential for antioxidative activity; however, further in vivo investigations are required with the aim of developing safe, high-efficacy anti-aging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ram Bae
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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27
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MicroRNAs in human skin ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 17:9-15. [PMID: 24784027 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The skin protects humans from the surrounding environment. Tissues undergo continuous renewal throughout an individual's lifetime; however, there is a decline in the regenerative potential of tissue with age. The accumulation of senescent cells over time probably reduces tissue regenerative capacity and contributes to the physiological ageing of the tissue itself. The mechanisms that govern ageing remain unclear and are under intense investigation, and insight could be gained by studying the mechanisms involved in cellular senescence. In vitro, keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts undergo senescence in response to multiple cellular stresses, including the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and the shortening of telomeres, or simply by reaching the end of their replicative potential (i.e., reaching replicative senescence). Recent findings demonstrate that microRNAs play key roles in regulating the balance between a cell's proliferative capacity and replicative senescence. Here, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms regulated by senescence-associated microRNAs and their validated targets in both keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.
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Chung KW, Choi YJ, Park MH, Jang EJ, Kim DH, Park BH, Yu BP, Chung HY. Molecular Insights into SIRT1 Protection Against UVB-Induced Skin Fibroblast Senescence by Suppression of Oxidative Stress and p53 Acetylation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:959-68. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Thompson AM, Wagner R, Rzucidlo EM. Age-related loss of SirT1 expression results in dysregulated human vascular smooth muscle cell function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H533-41. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00871.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Loss of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function is a hallmark of vascular disease. VSMCs become increasingly dysregulated, apoptotic, and senescent as we age. Sirtuin 1 (SirT1) is a deactylase that regulates substrates associated with stress mitigation, metabolism, and aging. Our aim was to examine the role of SirT1 in vascular aging and the function this protein plays in the context of cellular response to stress and senescence. We compared endogenous SirT1 expression in young and old human donors. Human VSMC (HuVSMC) from donors ranging in age from 12 to 88 ( n = 14) were isolated and cultured. In cultured HuVSMC the levels of endogenous SirT1 were examined by Western blot analysis. We found that endogenous SirT1 protein expression inversely correlated with donor age. Additionally, we demonstrated that age-related loss of SirT1 correlated in functional deficits, diminished stress response, reduced capacity for migration, and proliferation and increased senescence. Manipulation of SirT1 levels in young cells confirmed the role of SirT1 in cellular migration and proliferation capability. Furthermore, we demonstrated that age-related loss of SirT1 was associated with the induction of VSMC senescence. With correlation to symptomatic disease, we demonstrated a significant difference in SirT1 levels from HuVSMC isolated from aged arteries that were occluded with atherosclerotic lesions ( n = 7), compared with patent sections of the same artery. Having demonstrated that endogenous SirT1 is lost with age, which correlates with a loss of capacity for vascular repair, our data explain one of the molecular changes that occurs in the aged vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Thompson
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Robert Wagner
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Eva M. Rzucidlo
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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Cha HJ, Kim OY, Lee GT, Lee KS, Lee JH, Park IC, Lee SJ, Kim YR, Ahn KJ, An IS, An S, Bae S. Identification of ultraviolet B radiation‑induced microRNAs in normal human dermal papilla cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1663-70. [PMID: 25069581 PMCID: PMC4148374 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation impairs intracellular functions by directly damaging DNA and by indirectly generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. UV radiation can also alter gene expression profiles, including those of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA). The effects of UV radiation on cellular functions and gene expression have been widely documented in human skin cells such as keratinocytes, melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts, but the effect it has on other types of skin cell such as dermal papilla cells, which are crucial in the induction of hair follicle growth, remains unknown. In the current study, the effect of UV radiation on physiological changes and miRNA-based expression profiles in normal human dermal papilla cells (nHDPs) was investigated. UVB radiation of ≥50 mJ/cm2 displayed high cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ROS generation was exhibited in UVB-irradiated nHDPs. Furthermore, using miRNA microarray analysis, it was demonstrated that the expression profiles of 42 miRNAs in UVB-irradiated nHDPs were significantly altered compared with those in the controls (35 upregulated and 7 downregulated). The biological functions of the differentially expressed miRNAs were studied with gene ontology analysis to identify their putative target mRNAs, and were demonstrated to be involved in cell survival- and death-related functions. Overall, the results of the present study provide evidence that miRNA-based cellular mechanisms may be involved in the UVB-induced cellular response in nHDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jun Cha
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Yeon Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Tai Lee
- Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan‑si, Chungcheongnam‑do 330‑833, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Cheonan‑si, Chungcheongnam‑do 330‑833, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Seoul 100‑380, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133‑791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Molecular‑Targeted Drug Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, Republic of Korea
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Zhang JA, Yin Z, Ma LW, Yin ZQ, Hu YY, Xu Y, Wu D, Permatasari F, Luo D, Zhou BR. The protective effect of baicalin against UVB irradiation induced photoaging: an in vitro and in vivo study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99703. [PMID: 24949843 PMCID: PMC4064963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-photoaging effects of baicalin on Ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging in the dorsal skin of hairless mice and premature senescence in human dermal fibroblasts. Methods We established in vivo and in vitro photoaging models by repeated exposures to UVB irradiation. By HE staining, masson staining, immunohistostaing and real-time RT-PCR, we analyzed epidermal thickness, collagen expression and the mRNA and protein levels of type I collagen, type III collagen, interstitial collagenase (MMP-1 and MMP-3) in UVB exposed dorsal mice skin. The aging condition in human dermal fibroblasts was determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The G1 phase cell growth arrest was analyzed by flow cytometry. The senescence-related protein levels of p16INK-4a, p21WAF-1, and p53 and protein levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX were estimated by Western blotting. Results Topically application of baicalin treatment reduced UVB-induced epidermal thickening of mouse skin and also result in an increase in the production of collagen I and III, and a decrease in the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3. Compared with the UVB-irradiated group, we found that the irradiated fibroblasts additionally treated with baicalin demonstrated a decrease in the expression of SA-β-gal, a increase in the cell viability, a decrease in the G1 phase cell proportion, a downregulation in the level of senescence-associated and γ-H2AX proteins. However, Baicalin had no difference in the normal fibroblasts without UVB irradiation and long-term Baicalin incubation of UVB-SIPS fibroblasts gave no effects on the cell proliferation. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that baicalin significantly antagonizes photoaging induced by UVB in vivo and in vitro, indicating the potential of baicalin application for anti-photoaging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-an Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yin
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li-wen Ma
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-qiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan-yan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Felicia Permatasari
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DL); (BZ)
| | - Bing-rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DL); (BZ)
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Accelerated premature stress-induced senescence of young annulus fibrosus cells of rats by high glucose-induced oxidative stress. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:1311-20. [PMID: 24535573 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is thought to be an important aetiological factor in intervertebral disc degeneration. A glucose-mediated increase of oxidative stress is a major causative factor in development of diseases associated with DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high glucose on mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and senescence of young annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. METHODS AF cells were isolated from four-week-old young rats, cultured, and placed in either 10 % FBS (normal control) or 10 % FBS plus two different high glucose concentrations (0.1 M and 0.2 M) (experimental conditions) for one and three days. We identified and quantified the mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (oxidative stress). We also identified and quantified the occurrence of senescence and telomerase activity. Finally, the expressions of proteins were determined related to replicative senescence (p53-p21-pRB) and stress-induced senescence (p16-pRB). RESULTS Two high glucoses enhanced the mitochondrial damage in young rat AF cells, which resulted in an excessive generation of ROS in a dose- and time-dependent manner for one and three days compared to normal control. Two high glucose concentrations increased the occurrence of senescence of young AF cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Telomerase activity declined in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Both high glucose treatments increased the expressions of p16 and pRB proteins in young rat AF cells for one and three days. However, compared to normal control, the expressions of p53 and p21 proteins were decreased in young rat AF cells treated with both high glucoses for one and three days. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that high glucose-induced oxidative stress accelerates premature stress-induced senescence in young rat AF cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner rather than replicative senescence. These results suggest that prevention of excessive generation of oxidative stress by strict blood glucose control could be important to prevent or to delay premature intervertebral disc degeneration in young patients with DM.
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LEE KWANGSIK, CHA HWAJUN, LEE GHANGTAI, LEE KUNKOOK, HONG JINTAE, AHN KYUJOONG, AN INSOOK, AN SUNGKWAN, BAE SEUNGHEE. Troxerutin induces protective effects against ultraviolet B radiation through the alteration of microRNA expression in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:934-42. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Comparative effects of biodynes, tocotrienol-rich fraction, and tocopherol in enhancing collagen synthesis and inhibiting collagen degradation in stress-induced premature senescence model of human diploid fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:298574. [PMID: 24396567 PMCID: PMC3874949 DOI: 10.1155/2013/298574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biodynes, tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), and tocopherol have shown antiaging properties. However, the combined effects of these compounds on skin aging are yet to be investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the skin aging effects of biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol on stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) by determining the expression of collagen and MMPs at gene and protein levels. Primary HDFs were treated with biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure. The expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9 genes was determined by qRT-PCR. Type I and type III procollagen proteins were measured by Western blotting while the activities of MMPs were quantified by fluorometric Sensolyte MMP Kit. Our results showed that biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol upregulated collagen genes and downregulated MMP genes (P < 0.05). Type I procollagen and type III procollagen protein levels were significantly increased in response to biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol treatment (P < 0.05) with reduction in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 activities (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that biodynes, TRF, and tocopherol effectively enhanced collagen synthesis and inhibited collagen degradation and therefore may protect the skin from aging.
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Repeated exposure of mouse dermal fibroblasts at a sub-cytotoxic dose of UVB leads to premature senescence: a robust model of cellular photoaging. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 73:49-56. [PMID: 24054498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoaging skin is due to accumulative effect of UV irradiation that mainly imposes its damage on dermal fibroblasts. To mimic the specific cellular responses invoked by long term effect of UVB, it is preferable to develop a photo-damaged model in vitro based on repeated UVB exposure instead of a single exposure. OBJECTIVE To develop a photo-damaged model of fibroblasts by repeated UVB exposure allowing for investigation of molecular mechanism underlying premature senescence and testing of potential anti-photoaging compounds. METHODS Mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) at early passages (passages 1-3) were exposed to a series of 4 sub-cytotoxic dose of UVB. The senescent phenotypes were detected at 24 or 48h after the last irradiation including cell viability, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle, production and degradation of extracellular matrix. RESULTS Repeated exposure of UVB resulted in remarkable features of senescence. It effectively avoided the disadvantages of single dose such as induction of cell death rather than senescence, inadequate stress resulting in cellular self-rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Our work confirms the possibility of detecting cellular machinery that mediates UVB damage to fibroblasts in vitro by repeated exposure, while the potential molecular mechanisms including cell surface receptors, protein kinase signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors remain to be further evaluated.
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Mistry Y, Poolman T, Williams B, Herbert KE. A role for mitochondrial oxidants in stress-induced premature senescence of human vascular smooth muscle cells. Redox Biol 2013; 1:411-7. [PMID: 24191234 PMCID: PMC3814954 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a major source of cellular oxidants and have been implicated in aging and associated pathologies, notably cardiovascular diseases. Vascular cell senescence is observed in experimental and human cardiovascular pathologies. Our previous data highlighted a role for angiotensin II in the induction of telomere-dependent and -independent premature senescence of human vascular smooth muscle cells and suggested this was due to production of superoxide by NADPH oxidase. However, since a role for mitochondrial oxidants was not ruled out we hypothesise that angiotensin II mediates senescence by mitochondrial superoxide generation and suggest that inhibition of superoxide may prevent vascular smooth muscle cell aging in vitro. Cellular senescence was induced using a stress-induced premature senescence protocol consisting of three successive once-daily exposure of cells to 1×10−8 mol/L angiotensin II and was dependent upon the type-1 angiotensin II receptor. Angiotensin stimulated NADPH-dependent superoxide production as estimated using lucigenin chemiluminescence in cell lysates and this was attenuated by the mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitor, rotenone. Angiotensin also resulted in an increase in mitoSOX fluorescence indicating stimulation of mitochondrial superoxide. Significantly, the induction of senescence by angiotensin II was abrogated by rotenone and by the mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic, mitoTEMPO. These data suggest that mitochondrial superoxide is necessary for the induction of stress-induced premature senescence by angiotensin II and taken together with other data suggest that mitochondrial cross-talk with NADPH oxidases, via as yet unidentified signalling pathways, is likely to play a key role. Angiotensin II causes stress-induced premature senescence in hVSMC. Mitochondrial superoxide is necessary for premature senescence. Mitochondrial cross-talk with NADPH oxidases is implicated in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Mistry
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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Zhou BR, Guo XF, Zhang JA, Xu Y, Li W, Wu D, Yin ZQ, Permatasari F, Luo D. Elevated miR-34c-5p mediates dermal fibroblast senescence by ultraviolet irradiation. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:743-52. [PMID: 23983607 PMCID: PMC3753410 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that several miRNAs can regulate pathways involved in UVB-induced premature senescence and response to ultraviolet irradiation. It has also been reported that miR-34c-5p may be involved in senescence-related mechanisms. We propose that miR-34c-5p may play a crucial role in senescence of normal human primary dermal fibroblasts. Here, we explored the roles of miR-34c-5p in UVB-induced premature senescence on dermal fibroblasts. MiR-34c-5p expression was increased in dermal fibroblasts after repeated subcytotoxic UVB treatments. Underexpression of miR-34c-5p in dermal fibroblasts led to a marked delay of many senescent phenotypes induced by repeated UVB treatments. Furthermore, underexpression of miR-34c-5p in dermal fibroblasts can antagonize the alteration of G1-arrested fibroblasts. Moreover, E2F3, which can inactivate p53 pathway and play a role in cell cycle progression, is a down-stream target of miR-34c-5p. Forced down-expression of miR-34c-5p decreased the expression of UVB-SIPS induced P21 and P53 at both mRNA and protein levels. Our data demonstrated that down-regulation of miR-34c-5p can protect human primary dermal fibroblasts from UVB-induced premature senescence via regulations of some senescence-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou road 300#, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China PR
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Greussing R, Hackl M, Charoentong P, Pauck A, Monteforte R, Cavinato M, Hofer E, Scheideler M, Neuhaus M, Micutkova L, Mueck C, Trajanoski Z, Grillari J, Jansen-Dürr P. Identification of microRNA-mRNA functional interactions in UVB-induced senescence of human diploid fibroblasts. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:224. [PMID: 23557329 PMCID: PMC4008267 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence can be induced by a variety of extrinsic stimuli, and sustained exposure to sunlight is a key factor in photoaging of the skin. Accordingly, irradiation of skin fibroblasts by UVB light triggers cellular senescence, which is thought to contribute to extrinsic skin aging, although molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we addressed molecular mechanisms underlying UVB induced senescence of human diploid fibroblasts. RESULTS We observed a parallel activation of the p53/p21(WAF1) and p16(INK4a)/pRb pathways. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we identified a transcriptional signature of UVB-induced senescence that was conserved in three independent strains of human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) from skin. In parallel, a comprehensive screen for microRNAs regulated during UVB-induced senescence was performed which identified five microRNAs that are significantly regulated during the process. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA-mRNA networks was performed to identify new functional mRNA targets with high confidence for miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-93, and miR-101. Already known targets of these miRNAs were identified in each case, validating the approach. Several new targets were identified for all of these miRNAs, with the potential to provide new insight in the process of UVB-induced senescence at a genome-wide level. Subsequent analysis was focused on miR-101 and its putative target gene Ezh2. We confirmed that Ezh2 is regulated by miR-101 in human fibroblasts, and found that both overexpression of miR-101 and downregulation of Ezh2 independently induce senescence in the absence of UVB irradiation. However, the downregulation of miR-101 was not sufficient to block the phenotype of UVB-induced senescence, suggesting that other UVB-induced processes induce the senescence response in a pathway redundant with upregulation of miR-101. CONCLUSION We performed a comprehensive screen for UVB-regulated microRNAs in human diploid fibroblasts, and identified a network of miRNA-mRNA interactions mediating UVB-induced senescence. In addition, miR-101 and Ezh2 were identified as key players in UVB-induced senescence of HDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Greussing
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Abstract
Skin is a model of choice in studies on aging. Indeed, skin aging can be modulated by internal and external factors, reflecting its complexity. Two types of skin aging have been identified: intrinsic, mainly genetically determined and extrinsic—also called "photo-aging"—resulting on the impact of environmental stress and more precisely of UV rays. Simplified in vitro models, based on cellular senescence, have been developed to study the relationship between UV and aging. These models vary on the cell type (fibroblasts or keratinocytes, normal or immortalized) and the type of UV used (UVA or UVB).
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Torres Nuñez E, Sobrino C, Neale PJ, Ceinos RM, Du S, Rotllant J. Molecular response to ultraviolet radiation exposure in fish embryos: implications for survival and morphological development. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:701-7. [PMID: 22242699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UVR exposure is known to cause developmental defects in a variety of organisms including aquatic species but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this work we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model system to characterize the UVR effects on fish species. Larval viability was measured for embryos exposed to several UVR spectral treatments by using a solar simulator lamp and an array of UV cutoff filters under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Survival rate and occurrence of development abnormalities, mainly caudal (posterior) notochord bending/torsion, were seriously affected in UV-exposed larvae reaching values of 53% and 72%, respectively, compared with non-UV-exposed larvae after 6 days postfertilization (dpf). In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, a matricellular glycoprotein named osteonectin and the expression of a DNA-repair related gene, p53, were studied in relation to UVR exposure. The results indicate that osteonectin and p53 expression were increased under UVR exposure due to wavelengths shorter than 335 nm (i.e. mainly UVB) and 350 nm (i.e. short UVA and UVB), respectively. Furthermore, parallel experiments with microinjections of osteonectin-capped RNA showed that malformations induced by osteonectin overexpression were similar to those observed after a UVR exposure. Consequently this study shows a potential role of osteonectin in morphological deformities induced by solar UV radiation in zebrafish embryos.
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Rojas IG, Boza YV, Spencer ML, Flores M, Martínez A. Increased fibroblast density in actinic cheilitis: association with tryptase-positive mast cells, actinic elastosis and epithelial p53 and COX-2 expression. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:27-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chan CH, Gao Y, Moten A, Lin HK. Novel ARF/p53-independent senescence pathways in cancer repression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:857-67. [PMID: 21594579 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, which can be induced by various stimuli, is a stress response that manifests as irreversible cell cycle arrest. Recent studies have revealed that cellular senescence can serve as a critical barrier for cancer development. Induction of cellular senescence by oncogenic insults, such as Ras overexpression or by inactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor, triggers an ARF/p53-dependent tumor-suppressive effect which can significantly restrict cancer progression. Given the important role of the ARF/p53 pathway in cellular senescence and tumor suppression, drugs that stabilize p53 expression have been developed and tested in clinical trials. However, a major hurdle for p53 targeting in cancer treatment arises from the frequent deficiency or mutation of ARF or p53 in human cancers, which, in turn, profoundly compromises their tumor-suppressive ability. Recent discoveries of novel regulators involved in ARF/p53-independent cellular senescence not only reveal novel paradigms for cellular senescence but also provide alternative approaches for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jorge ATS, Arroteia KF, Lago JC, de Sá-Rocha VM, Gesztesi J, Moreira PL. A new potent natural antioxidant mixture provides global protection against oxidative skin cell damage. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:113-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Min LJ, Mogi M, Tamura K, Iwanami J, Sakata A, Fujita T, Tsukuda K, Jing F, Iwai M, Horiuchi M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein prevents vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via inactivation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:798-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Muller M. Cellular senescence: molecular mechanisms, in vivo significance, and redox considerations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:59-98. [PMID: 18976161 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is recognized as a critical cellular response to prolonged rounds of replication and environmental stresses. Its defining characteristics are arrested cell-cycle progression and the development of aberrant gene expression with proinflammatory behavior. Whereas the mechanistic events associated with senescence are generally well understood at the molecular level, the impact of senescence in vivo remains to be fully determined. In addition to the role of senescence as an antitumor mechanism, this review examines cellular senescence as a factor in organismal aging and age-related diseases, with particular emphasis on aberrant gene expression and abnormal paracrine signaling. Senescence as an emerging factor in tissue remodeling, wound repair, and infection is considered. In addition, the role of oxidative stress as a major mediator of senescence and the role of NAD(P)H oxidases and changes to intracellular GSH/GSSG status are reviewed. Recent findings indicate that senescence and the behavior of senescent cells are amenable to therapeutic intervention. As the in vivo significance of senescence becomes clearer, the challenge will be to modulate the adverse effects of senescence without increasing the risks of other diseases, such as cancer. The uncoupled relation between cell-cycle arrest and the senescent phenotype suggests that this is an achievable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Muller
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord RG Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia.
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Iovine B, Nino M, Irace C, Bevilacqua MA, Monfrecola G. Ultraviolet B and A irradiation induces fibromodulin expression in human fibroblasts in vitro. Biochimie 2008; 91:364-72. [PMID: 19041686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation affects the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the human skin. The small leucine-rich repeat protein fibromodulin interacts with type I and II collagen fibrils, thereby affecting ECM assembly. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether short wave UV (UVB) or long wave UV (UVA) irradiation influences fibromodulin expression. Exponentially growing human fibroblasts (IMR-90 cells) were exposed to increasing doses of UVB (2.5-60 mJ/cm(2)) or UVA (0.5-10 J/cm(2)). After UV irradiation fibromodulin, p21 and GADD45 levels were evaluated as well as cell viability, reactive oxygen species formation (ROS) and DNA damage. We found that fibromodulin expression: (i) increased after UVB and UVA irradiation; (ii) was 10-fold higher after UVA (10 J/cm(2)) versus 5-fold with UVB (10 mJ/cm(2)); (iii) correlated with reactive oxygen species formation, particularly after UVA; and (iv) was linked to the DNA damage binding protein (DDB1) translocation in the nucleus, particularly after UVB. These results further suggest that the UV-induced fibromodulin increase could counteract the UV-induced connective tissue damage, promoting the assembly of new collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Iovine
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Liu Y, Wang E. Transcriptional analysis of normal human fibroblast responses to microgravity stress. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2008; 6:29-41. [PMID: 18558383 PMCID: PMC5054092 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(08)60018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism(s) of how spaceflight affects cellular signaling pathways, quiescent normal human WI-38 fibroblasts were flown on the STS-93 space shuttle mission. Subsequently, RNA samples from the space-flown and ground-control cells were used to construct two cDNA libraries, which were then processed for suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify spaceflight-specific gene expression. The SSH data show that key genes related to oxidative stress, DNA repair, and fatty acid oxidation are activated by spaceflight, suggesting the induction of cellular oxidative stress. This is further substantiated by the up-regulation of neuregulin 1 and the calcium-binding protein calmodulin 2. Another obvious stress sign is that spaceflight evokes the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathways, along with up-regulating several G1-phase cell cycle traverse genes. Other genes showing up-regulation of expression are involved in protein synthesis and pro-apoptosis, as well as pro-survival. Interactome analysis of functionally related genes shows that c-Myc is the “hub” for those genes showing significant changes. Hence, our results suggest that microgravity travel may impact changes in gene expression mostly associated with cellular stress signaling, directing cells to either apoptotic death or premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Briganti S, Wlaschek M, Hinrichs C, Bellei B, Flori E, Treiber N, Iben S, Picardo M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Small molecular antioxidants effectively protect from PUVA-induced oxidative stress responses underlying fibroblast senescence and photoaging. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:636-44. [PMID: 18538675 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of human fibroblasts to 8-methoxypsoralen plus ultraviolet-A irradiation (PUVA) results in stress-induced cellular senescence in fibroblasts. We here studied the role of the antioxidant defense system in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the effect of the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, N-acetylcysteine, and alpha-lipoic acid on PUVA-induced cellular senescence. PUVA treatment induced an immediate and increasing generation of intracellular ROS. Supplementation of PUVA-treated fibroblasts with alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) abrogated the increased ROS generation and rescued fibroblasts from the ROS-dependent changes into the cellular senescence phenotype, such as cytoplasmic enlargement, enhanced expression of senescence-associated-beta-galactosidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-1, hallmarks of photoaging and intrinsic aging. PUVA treatment disrupted the integrity of cellular membranes and impaired homeostasis and function of the cellular antioxidant system with a significant decrease in glutathione and hydrogen peroxide-detoxifying enzymes activities. Supplementation with NAC, alpha-LA, and alpha-Toc counteracted these changes. Our data provide causal evidence that (i) oxidative stress due to an imbalance in the overall cellular antioxidant capacity contributes to the induction and maintenance of the PUVA-induced fibroblast senescence and that (ii) low molecular antioxidants protect effectively against these deleterious alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology Laboratory, San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy
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Heathfield SK, Le Maitre CL, Hoyland JA. Caveolin-1 expression and stress-induced premature senescence in human intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R87. [PMID: 18681962 PMCID: PMC2575636 DOI: 10.1186/ar2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic and debilitating low back pain is a common condition and a huge economic burden. Many cases are attributed to age-related degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD); however, age-related degeneration appears to occur at an accelerated rate in some individuals. We have previously demonstrated biomarkers of cellular senescence within the human IVD and suggested a role for senescence in IVD degeneration. Senescence occurs with ageing but can also occur prematurely in response to stress. We hypothesised that stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) occurs within the IVD and here we have investigated the expression and production of caveolin-1, a protein that has been shown previously to be upregulated in SIPS. Methods Caveolin-1 gene expression in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells was assessed by conventional and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and caveolin-1 protein expression was examined within human IVDs using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between caveolin-1 and p16INK4a (biomarker of cellular senescence) gene expression was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results Caveolin-1 gene expression and protein expression were demonstrated within the human IVD for the first time. NP cells from degenerate discs exhibited elevated levels of caveolin-1 which did not relate to increasing chronological age. A negative correlation was observed between gene expression for caveolin-1 and donor age, and no correlation was found between caveolin-1 protein expression and age. A positive correlation was identified between gene expression of caveolin-1 and p16INK4a. Conclusion Our findings are consistent with a role for caveolin-1 in degenerative rather than age-induced changes in the NP. Its expression in IVD tissue and its association with the senescent phenotype suggest that caveolin-1 and SIPS may play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kathleen Heathfield
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Research School of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Suzuki M, Boothman DA. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS)--influence of SIPS on radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:105-112. [PMID: 18219184 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Replicative senescence is a fundamental feature in normal human diploid cells and results from dysfunctional telomeres at the Hayflick cell division limit. Ionizing radiation (IR) prematurely induces the same phenotypes as replicative senescence prior to the Hayflick limit. This process is known as stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Since the cell cycle is irreversibly arrested in SIPS-induced cells, even if they are stimulated by various growth factors, it is thought that SIPS is a form of cell death, irreversibly eliminating replicating cells. IR-induced-focus formation of DNA repair proteins, a marker of DNA damage, is detected in SIPS as well as replicative senescent cells. Furthermore, both processes persistently induce cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms, indicating DNA damage created by ionizing radiation induces SIPS in normal cells, possibly by the same mechanisms as those occurring in replicative senescence. Interestingly, IR induces SIPS not only in normal cells, but also in tumor cells. Due to the expression of telomerase in tumor cells, telomere-dependent replicative senescence does not occur. However, SIPS is induced under certain conditions after IR exposure. Thus, cell death triggered by IR can be attributed to apoptosis or SIPS in tumor cells. However, metabolic function remains intact in SIPS-induced cancer cells, and recent studies show that senescence eliminate cells undergoing SIPS secrete various kinds of factors outside the cell, changing the microenvironment. Evidence using co-culture systems containing normal senescent stromal cells and epithelial tumor cells show that factors secreted from senescent stroma cells promote the growth of tumor epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, regulation of factors secreted from SIPS-induced stromal cells, as well as tumor cells, may affect radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Suzuki
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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