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Sołkiewicz K, Kokot I, Kacperczyk M, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Dorf J, Kratz EM. Serum Clusterin Concentration and Its Glycosylation Changes as Potential New Diagnostic Markers of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Recovery Process. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4198. [PMID: 38673784 PMCID: PMC11049940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Glycoprotein clusterin (CLU) has many functions such as phagocyte recruitment, complement system inhibition, apoptosis inhibition, hormone and lipid transport, as well as in the immune response. The study aimed to assess the changes in CLU concentrations and the profile and degree of CLU glycosylation between patients with severe COVID-19, convalescents, and healthy subjects (control). The profile and degree of serum CLU N-glycosylation were analyzed using lectin-ELISA with specific lectins. CLU concentrations were significantly lower and relative reactivities of CLU glycans with SNA (Sambucus nigra agglutinin) were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients in comparison to convalescents and the control group. The relative reactivities of CLU glycans with MAA (Maackia amurensis agglutinin), together with relative reactivity with LCA (Lens culinaris agglutinin), were also significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in convalescents and the control group, but they also significantly differed between convalescents and control. The development of acute inflammation in the course of severe COVID-19 is associated with a decrease in CLU concentration, accompanied by an increase in the expression of α2,3-linked sialic acid, and core fucose. Both of these parameters can be included as useful glycomarkers differentiating patients with severe COVID-19 from convalescents and the control group, as well as convalescents and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Monika Kacperczyk
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (V.D.-P.); (J.D.)
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (V.D.-P.); (J.D.)
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.K.); (M.K.)
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2
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Martín-García D, García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Therapeutic Potential of Clusterin Inhibition in Human Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:665. [PMID: 38667280 PMCID: PMC11049052 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) protein is involved in various pathophysiological processes including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In recent years, the role of the secretory isoform has been demonstrated in tumor cells, where it inhibits apoptosis and favors the acquisition of resistance to conventional treatments used to treat cancer. To determine the possible therapeutic potential of inhibiting this protein, numerous studies have been carried out in this field. In this article, we present the existing knowledge to date on the inhibition of this protein in different types of cancer and analyze the importance it could have in the development of new therapies targeted against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Martín-García
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Marilina García-Aranda
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
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3
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Li Y, Wang X, Chen YH, Tan QQ, Liu XB, Tan C. Clusterin is upregulated by erastin, a ferroptosis inducer and exerts cytoprotective effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:227-236. [PMID: 38085677 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death, which is distinguished from apoptosis and necrosis, and characterized by accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an iron-dependent manner. Erastin, a small molecule, was widely reported to trigger ferroptosis in various kinds of cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells by inducing ROS accumulation. However, how erastin treatment exerts cytotoxicity is not still fully understood. In this study, the effects of erastin in causing pancreatic cancer cell death via inducing ferroptosis and apoptosis are investigated. As expected, erastin treatment caused ROS accumulation, increase in iron concentration and non-apoptotic cell death, which is different from that of induced by apoptosis inducer, staurosporine. Interestingly, erastin treatment caused the upregulation of clusterin, which contributes to the regulation of malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer, including preventing apoptosis and inducing chemoresistance. Without erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin significantly promoted cell proliferation, which is consistent with its cytoprotective roles. After erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin decreased erastin-induced ROS accumulation and cell death. By measuring iron concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), it is revealed that clusterin caused resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis potentially via maintaining the enzymatic activity of GPX4, without disturbing GSH amount. Thus, ferroptosis inducer, erastin, may crosstalk with apoptotic cell death via regulating clusterin, indicating a more complex regulatory network between ferroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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NamKoong C, Kim B, Yu JH, Youn BS, Kim H, Kim E, Gil SY, Kang GM, Lee CH, Kim YB, Park KH, Kim MS, Kwon O. Stomach clusterin as a gut-derived feeding regulator. BMB Rep 2024; 57:149-154. [PMID: 37817436 PMCID: PMC10979347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach has emerged as a crucial endocrine organ in the regulation of feeding since the discovery of ghrelin. Gut-derived hormones, such as ghrelin and cholecystokinin, can act through the vagus nerve. We previously reported the satiety effect of hypothalamic clusterin, but the impact of peripheral clusterin remains unknown. In this study, we administered clusterin intraperitoneally to mice and observed its ability to suppress fasting-driven food intake. Interestingly, we found its synergism with cholecystokinin and antagonism with ghrelin. These effects were accompanied by increased c-fos immunoreactivity in nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Notably, truncal vagotomy abolished this response. The stomach expressed clusterin at high levels among the organs, and gastric clusterin was detected in specific enteroendocrine cells and the submucosal plexus. Gastric clusterin expression decreased after fasting but recovered after 2 hours of refeeding. Furthermore, we confirmed that stomachspecific overexpression of clusterin reduced food intake after overnight fasting. These results suggest that gastric clusterin may function as a gut-derived peptide involved in the regulation of feeding through the gut-brain axis. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(3): 149-154].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherl NamKoong
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bohye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Byung Soo Youn
- Osteoneurogen, Inc., Seoul 08501, Korea, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hanbin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Evonne Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - So Young Gil
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Han Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Téllez T, Martin-García D, Redondo M, García-Aranda M. Clusterin Expression in Colorectal Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14641. [PMID: 37834086 PMCID: PMC10572822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer, behind only breast and lung cancer. In terms of overall mortality, it ranks second due to, among other factors, problems with screening programs, which means that one of the factors that directly impacts survival and treatment success is early detection of the disease. Clusterin (CLU) is a molecular chaperone that has been linked to tumorigenesis, cancer progression and resistance to anticancer treatments, which has made it a promising drug target. However, it is still necessary to continue this line of research and to adjust the situations in which its use is more favorable. The aim of this paper is to review the current genetic knowledge on the role of CLU in tumorigenesis and cancer progression in general, and discuss its possible use as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Téllez
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (T.T.); (D.M.-G.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Desirée Martin-García
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (T.T.); (D.M.-G.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (T.T.); (D.M.-G.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Marilina García-Aranda
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
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6
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Zhang Q, Teow JY, Kerishnan JP, Abd Halim AA, Chen Y. Clusterin and Its Isoforms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Potential as Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051458. [PMID: 37239129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of head and neck cancer, ranked as the sixth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 300,000 new cases and 145,000 deaths annually. Early detection using biomarkers significantly increases the 5-year survival rate of OSCC by up to 80-90%. Clusterin (CLU), also known as apolipoprotein J, is a sulfated chaperonic glycoprotein expressed in all tissues and human fluids and has been reported to be a potential biomarker of OSCC. CLU has been implicated as playing a vital role in many biological processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle, etc. Abnormal CLU expression has been linked with the development and progression of cancers. Despite the fact that there are many studies that have reported the involvement of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC, the exact roles of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully explored. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of CLU structure and genetics and its correlation with OSCC tumorigenesis to better understand potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development. The relationship between CLU and chemotherapy resistance in cancer will also be discussed to explore the therapeutic application of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jun Yao Teow
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Adyani Azizah Abd Halim
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Rešetar Maslov D, Farkaš V, Rubić I, Kuleš J, Beletić A, Beer Ljubić B, Šmit I, Mrljak V, Torti M. Serum Proteomic Profiles Reflect the Stages of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087142. [PMID: 37108311 PMCID: PMC10138901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is similar to Barlow's form of MMVD in humans. These valvulopathies are complex, with varying speeds of progression. We hypothesized that the relative abundances of serum proteins would help identify the consecutive MMVD stages and discover new disease pathways on a systemic level. To identify distinction-contributing protein panels for disease onset and progression, we compared the proteomic profiles of serum from healthy dogs and dogs with different stages of naturally occurring MMVD. Dogs were divided into experimental groups on the basis of the left-atrium-to-aorta ratio and normalized left ventricular internal dimension in diastole values. Serum was collected from healthy (N = 12) dogs, dogs diagnosed with MMVD in stages B1 (N = 13) and B2 (N = 12) (asymptomatic), and dogs diagnosed with MMVD in chronic stage C (N = 13) (symptomatic). Serum biochemistry and selected ELISAs (galectin-3, suppression of tumorigenicity, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) were performed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, and statistical and bioinformatics analysis were employed. Most of the 21 serum proteins with significantly different abundances between experimental groups (p < 0.05, FDR ˂ 0.05) were classified as matrix metalloproteinases, protease inhibitors, scaffold/adaptor proteins, complement components, anticoagulants, cytokine, and chaperone. LC-MS TMT proteomics results obtained for haptoglobin, clusterin, and peptidase D were further validated analytically. Canine MMVD stages, including, for the first time, asymptomatic B1 and B2 stages, were successfully distinguished in dogs with the disease and healthy dogs on the basis of the relative abundances of a panel of specific serum proteins. Most proteins with significantly different abundances were involved in immune and inflammatory pathways. Their role in structural remodeling and progression of canine MMVD must be further investigated. Further research is needed to confirm the resemblance/difference with human MMVD. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with the unique dataset identifier PXD038475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Rešetar Maslov
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rubić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Kuleš
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anđelo Beletić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Beer Ljubić
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Šmit
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Torti
- Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova Street 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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A straightforward method to quantify circulating mRNAs as biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2739. [PMID: 36792801 PMCID: PMC9932139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the biomarker combination to be analyzed in liquid biopsies should improve personalized medicine. We developed a method to purify circulating cell-free mRNAs from plasma samples and to quantify them by RT-qPCR. We selected three candidate colorectal cancer biomarkers (B2M, TIMP-1, and CLU). Their mRNA levels were significantly higher in plasma of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC) (n = 107) than in healthy individuals (HI) (n = 53). To increase the discriminating performance of our method, we analyzed the sum of the three mRNA levels (BTC index). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) to estimate the BTC index capacity to discriminate between mCRC and HI plasma was 0.903. We also determined the optimal BTC index cut-off to distinguish between plasma samples, with 82% of sensitivity and 93% of specificity. By using mRNA as a novel liquid biopsy analytical parameter, our method has the potential to facilitate rapid screening of CRCm.
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9
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Fu Y, Du Q, Cui T, Lu Y, Niu G. A pan-cancer analysis reveals role of clusterin ( CLU) in carcinogenesis and prognosis of human tumors. Front Genet 2023; 13:1056184. [PMID: 36685863 PMCID: PMC9846084 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a chaperone-like protein that has been demonstrated to have a direct relationship with cancer occurrence, progression, or metastasis. Clusterin was downregulated in tumor tissues using three datasets of tongue squamous carcinoma from the Gene Expression Omnibus. We further retrieved datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus to thoroughly investigate the carcinogenic consequences of Clusterin. Our findings revealed that decreased Clusterin expression in malignancies was associated with a worse overall survival prognosis in individuals with multiple tumors; Clusterin gene deep deletions were found in almost all malignancies and were connected to most cancer patient's prognosis, Clusterin DNA methylation level was dependent on tumor type, Clusterin expression was also linked to the invasion of cancer-associated CD8+ T-cells and fibroblasts in numerous cancer forms. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that Clusterin primarily regulates biological processes such as cholesterol metabolism, phospholipid binding, and protein-lipid complex formation. Overall, our pan-cancer research suggests that Clusterin expression levels are linked to tumor carcinogenesis and prognosis, which contributes to understanding the probable mechanism of Clusterin in tumorigenesis as well as its clinical prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Du
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tiehan Cui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuying Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Niu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guangliang Niu,
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10
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Milinkeviciute G, Green KN. Clusterin/apolipoprotein J, its isoforms and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1167886. [PMID: 37122381 PMCID: PMC10133478 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1167886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Milinkeviciute
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Giedre Milinkeviciute
| | - Kim N. Green
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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11
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Shaashua L, Ben-Shmuel A, Pevsner-Fischer M, Friedman G, Levi-Galibov O, Nandakumar S, Barki D, Nevo R, Brown LE, Zhang W, Stein Y, Lior C, Kim HS, Bojmar L, Jarnagin WR, Lecomte N, Mayer S, Stok R, Bishara H, Hamodi R, Levy-Lahad E, Golan T, Porco JA, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Schultz N, Tuveson DA, Lyden D, Kelsen D, Scherz-Shouval R. BRCA mutational status shapes the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic cancer linking clusterin expression in cancer associated fibroblasts with HSF1 signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6513. [PMID: 36316305 PMCID: PMC9622893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors initiate by mutations in cancer cells, and progress through interactions of the cancer cells with non-malignant cells of the tumor microenvironment. Major players in the tumor microenvironment are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which support tumor malignancy, and comprise up to 90% of the tumor mass in pancreatic cancer. CAFs are transcriptionally rewired by cancer cells. Whether this rewiring is differentially affected by different mutations in cancer cells is largely unknown. Here we address this question by dissecting the stromal landscape of BRCA-mutated and BRCA Wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We comprehensively analyze pancreatic cancer samples from 42 patients, revealing different CAF subtype compositions in germline BRCA-mutated vs. BRCA Wild-type tumors. In particular, we detect an increase in a subset of immune-regulatory clusterin-positive CAFs in BRCA-mutated tumors. Using cancer organoids and mouse models we show that this process is mediated through activation of heat-shock factor 1, the transcriptional regulator of clusterin. Our findings unravel a dimension of stromal heterogeneity influenced by germline mutations in cancer cells, with direct implications for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Shaashua
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviad Ben-Shmuel
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meirav Pevsner-Fischer
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Friedman
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oshrat Levi-Galibov
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Debra Barki
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Wenhan Zhang
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yaniv Stein
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Lior
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Han Sang Kim
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XChildren’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Linda Bojmar
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XChildren’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - William R. Jarnagin
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Shimrit Mayer
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Stok
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hend Bishara
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rawand Hamodi
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- grid.415593.f0000 0004 0470 7791The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center at Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John A. Porco
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - David A. Tuveson
- grid.225279.90000 0004 0387 3667Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY USA
| | - David Lyden
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XChildren’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - David Kelsen
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XGastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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The Role of Clusterin Transporter in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease at the Blood–Brain Barrier Interface: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101452. [PMID: 36291661 PMCID: PMC9599067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered a chronic and debilitating neurological illness that is increasingly impacting older-age populations. Some proteins, including clusterin (CLU or apolipoprotein J) transporter, can be linked to AD, causing oxidative stress. Therefore, its activity can affect various functions involving complement system inactivation, lipid transport, chaperone activity, neuronal transmission, and cellular survival pathways. This transporter is known to bind to the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, which is the major pathogenic factor of AD. On the other hand, this transporter is also active at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a barrier that prevents harmful substances from entering and exiting the brain. Therefore, in this review, we discuss and emphasize the role of the CLU transporter and CLU-linked molecular mechanisms at the BBB interface in the pathogenesis of AD.
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13
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Fonghem P, Pisitkun T, Rattanapinyopituk K, Sirivisoot S, Rungsipipat A. Investigation of proteomic profiles in canine lymphoma using tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach. Vet World 2022; 15:1333-1340. [PMID: 35765478 PMCID: PMC9210836 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1333-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Specific tumor biomarkers are useful for the early diagnosis of cancer or can predict the recurrence of neoplastic disease in humans and animals. Lymphoma in dogs could be classified into B-, T-, and NK-cell origins. T-cell lymphoma has the worst prognosis with a shorter survival time and disease-free interval. This study aimed to identify the differential serum protein expressions of canine B- and T-cell lymphomas compared with healthy dogs using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 20 untreated canine lymphomas (14 B-cells and 6 T-cells) and four healthy control dogs. Sera peptides from each sample were processed for TMT 10-plex tagging and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS). Differential proteome profiling was then compared between lymphoma and control. Results: We discovered 20 elevated and 14 decreased serum proteins in the lymphoma group relative to the healthy group. Six candidate increased proteins in canine lymphomas were beta-actin cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB, p=0.04), haptoglobin (p=0.002), beta-2 microglobulin (aaaaaaaa2M, p=0.007), beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (APOH, p=0.03), metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1, p=0.03), and CD44 antigen (p=0.02). When compared between B- and T-cell lymphomas, B-cell phenotypes had upregulated immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain V region GOM (p=0.02), clusterin (p=0.01), apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1, p=0.05), and plasminogen (p=0.02). Conclusion: These findings were investigated quantitative serum proteomes between B- and T-cell lymphomas using TMT-based MS. ACTB, aaaaaaaa2M, APOH, TIMP-1, CD44 antigen, Ig heavy chain V region GOM, and APOC1 are novel candidate proteins and might serve as a lymphoma biomarker in dogs. However, evaluation with an increased sample size is needed to confirm their diagnostic and prognostic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanoot Fonghem
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Berdowska I, Matusiewicz M, Krzystek-Korpacka M. HDL Accessory Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease—Focusing on Clusterin (Apolipoprotein J) in Regard to Its Involvement in Pathology and Diagnostics—A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030524. [PMID: 35326174 PMCID: PMC8944556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD)—a neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by progressive destruction of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra of the brain—is associated with the formation of Lewy bodies containing mainly α-synuclein. HDL-related proteins such as paraoxonase 1 and apolipoproteins A1, E, D, and J are implicated in NDDs, including PD. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ, clusterin) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional protein; besides its engagement in lipid transport, it modulates a variety of other processes such as immune system functionality and cellular death signaling. Furthermore, being an extracellular chaperone, ApoJ interacts with proteins associated with NDD pathogenesis (amyloid β, tau, and α-synuclein), thus modulating their properties. In this review, the association of clusterin with PD is delineated, with respect to its putative involvement in the pathological mechanism and its application in PD prognosis/diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (M.M.); Tel.: +48-71-784-13-92 (I.B.); +48-71-784-13-70 (M.M.)
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15
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Meng Q, Li X, Zhao M, Lin S, Yu X, Dong G. Study on the Mechanism of Platelet-Released Clusterins Inducing Restenosis after Carotid Endarterectomy by Activating TLR3/NF- κb p65 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7631126. [PMID: 35047156 PMCID: PMC8763522 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7631126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of clusterin released by platelet aggregation in restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. 35 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy due to carotid artery stenosis were enrolled in this study. They were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019. All the patients were divided into two groups: the restenosis group and the nonrestenosis group, according to the follow-up results within 12 months. Peripheral blood was collected on the first day, 6 months, and 12 months after operation. The expression of CLU in serum of plasma and platelet culture medium was detected by an ELISA experiment. The vascular endothelial cells were cultured in vitro with 100 ng/mL of human recombinant CLU added to the medium. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected by CCK8, scratch, and Transwell invasion tests. The expression level of TLR3 and NF-κb p65 proteins in cells was detected by western blot. TLR3 knockout plasmids in vascular endothelial cell lines were transfected. Cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK8 and the scratch assay. The CLU content in peripheral blood plasma and supernatant of platelet culture medium was significantly higher in the restenosis group than that of the control group (p=0.003) 6 months after operation (p=0.047) and 12 months after operation (p=0.011). When CLU was added to vascular endothelial cell culture medium, the proliferation and migration were significantly enhanced. The TLR3/NF-κb p65 protein expression level in cells also significantly increased. After the transfection of TLR3 knockout plasmids into vascular endothelial cell lines, CLU cannot promote the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. Platelet-released clusterin can induce vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration by activating the TLR3/NF-kb p65 signaling pathway, leading to carotid artery restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xichun Li
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Mingyu Zhao
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Shusen Lin
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xiangwen Yu
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Guanglong Dong
- Vascular Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
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16
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Wilson MR, Satapathy S, Jeong S, Fini ME. Clusterin, other extracellular chaperones, and eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101032. [PMID: 34896599 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis refers to all the processes that maintain the correct expression level, location, folding and turnover of proteins, essential to organismal survival. Both inside cells and in body fluids, molecular chaperones play key roles in maintaining proteostasis. In this article, we focus on clusterin, the first-recognized extracellular mammalian chaperone, and its role in diseases of the eye. Clusterin binds to and inhibits the aggregation of proteins that are misfolded due to mutations or stresses, clears these aggregating proteins from extracellular spaces, and facilitates their degradation. Clusterin exhibits three main homeostatic activities: proteostasis, cytoprotection, and anti-inflammation. The so-called "protein misfolding diseases" are caused by aggregation of misfolded proteins that accumulate pathologically as deposits in tissues; we discuss several such diseases that occur in the eye. Clusterin is typically found in these deposits, which is interpreted to mean that its capacity as a molecular chaperone to maintain proteostasis is overwhelmed in the disease state. Nevertheless, the role of clusterin in diseases involving such deposits needs to be better defined before therapeutic approaches can be entertained. A more straightforward case can be made for therapeutic use of clusterin based on its proteostatic role as a proteinase inhibitor, as well as its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. It is likely that clusterin works together in this way with other extracellular chaperones to protect the eye from disease, and we discuss several examples. We end this article by predicting future steps that may lead to development of clusterin as a biological drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wilson
- Molecular Horizons and the School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sandeep Satapathy
- Molecular Horizons and the School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Roski Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine; Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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17
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Gross C, Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Benhassine M, Germain L, Guérin SL. Contribution of the Transcription Factors Sp1/Sp3 and AP-1 to Clusterin Gene Expression during Corneal Wound Healing of Tissue-Engineered Human Corneas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12426. [PMID: 34830308 PMCID: PMC8621254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the need for donor corneas, understanding of corneal wound healing and development of an entirely tissue-engineered human cornea (hTECs) is of prime importance. In this study, we exploited the hTEC to determine how deep wound healing affects the transcriptional pattern of corneal epithelial cells through microarray analyses. We demonstrated that the gene encoding clusterin (CLU) has its expression dramatically repressed during closure of hTEC wounds. Western blot analyses confirmed a strong reduction in the expression of the clusterin isoforms after corneal damage and suggest that repression of CLU gene expression might be a prerequisite to hTEC wound closure. Transfection with segments from the human CLU gene promoter revealed the presence of three regulatory regions: a basal promoter and two more distal negative regulatory regions. The basal promoter bears DNA binding sites for very potent transcription factors (TFs): Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) and Specificity protein-1 and 3 (Sp1/Sp3). By exploiting electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we demonstrated that AP-1 and Sp1/Sp3 have their DNA binding site overlapping with one another in the basal promoter of the CLU gene in hCECs. Interestingly, expression of both these TFs is reduced (at the protein level) during hTEC wound healing, thereby contributing to the extinction of CLU gene expression during that process. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the repression of CLU gene expression during corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Manel Benhassine
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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18
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G N S HS, Marise VLP, Satish KS, Yergolkar AV, Krishnamurthy M, Ganesan Rajalekshmi S, Radhika K, Burri RR. Untangling huge literature to disinter genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101421. [PMID: 34371203 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is channeled towards unravelling key disease specific drug targets/genes to predict promising therapeutic candidates. Though enormous literature on AD genetics is available, there exists dearth in data pertinent to drug targets and crucial pathological pathways intertwined in disease progression. Further, the research findings revealing genetic associations failed to demonstrate consistency across different studies. This scenario prompted us to initiate a systematic review and meta-analysis with an aim of unearthing significant genetic hallmarks of AD. Initially, a Boolean search strategy was developed to retrieve case-control studies from PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Europe PMC, grey literature and HuGE navigator. Subsequently, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were framed to shortlist the relevant studies. These studies were later critically appraised using New Castle Ottawa Scale and Q-Genie followed by data extraction. Later, meta-analysis was performed only for those Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) which were evaluated in at least two different ethnicities from two different reports. Among, 204,351 studies retrieved, 820 met our eligibility criteria and 117 were processed for systematic review after critical appraisal. Ultimately, meta-analysis was performed for 23 SNPs associated with 15 genes which revealed significant associations of rs3865444 (CD33), rs7561528 (BIN1) and rs1801133 (MTHFR) with AD risk.
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19
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Lin J, Xu Z, Xie J, Deng X, Jiang L, Chen H, Peng C, Li H, Zhang J, Shen B. Oncogene APOL1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis via activating NOTCH1 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:760. [PMID: 34341330 PMCID: PMC8329288 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
APOL1 encodes a secreted high-density lipoprotein, which has been considered as an aberrantly expressed gene in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the role of APOL1 in the regulatory mechanisms of pancreatic cancer remains unknown and should be explored. We identified APOL1 was abnormally elevated in human pancreatic cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. The effects of APOL1 in PC cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis was verified via functional in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that knockdown of APOL1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we identified APOL1 could be a regulator of NOTCH1 signaling pathway using bioinformatics tools, qRT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and western blotting. In summary, APOL1 could function as an oncogene to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis through activating NOTCH1 signaling pathway expression in pancreatic cancer; therefore, it may act as a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Lin
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xie
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Kropáčková T, Mann H, Růžičková O, Šléglová O, Vernerová L, Horváthová V, Tomčík M, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Šenolt L. Clusterin serum levels are elevated in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and predict disease activity and treatment response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11525. [PMID: 34075162 PMCID: PMC8169772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a molecular chaperone that participates in a variety of biological processes. Recent studies indicate its possible involvement in the development of bone erosions and autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to investigate its serum concentrations in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore their potential relationship with disease activity and treatment response. Serum levels of CLU were measured in 52 patients before and 3 months after the initiation of treatment and in 52 healthy individuals. CLU levels at baseline were significantly increased in patients with early RA compared with healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). After 3 months of treatment, the levels of CLU decreased and reached concentrations comparable to those in controls. Even though there was no relationship between CLU levels and disease activity at baseline, CLU levels positively correlated with disease activity at months 3, 6 and 12 after treatment initiation. Using ROC analysis, lower CLU baseline levels predicted achieving the therapeutic target of low disease activity and remission at months 3, 6 and 12. In summary, we found increased serum concentrations of clusterin in treatment-naïve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, and we suggest clusterin as a predictive biomarker of disease activity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Kropáčková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heřman Mann
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Růžičková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šléglová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Vernerová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Horváthová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tomčík
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Links between the unfolded protein response and the DNA damage response in hypoxia: a systematic review. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1251-1263. [PMID: 34003246 PMCID: PMC8286837 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumours and predicts for poor prognosis. In radiobiological hypoxia (<0.1% O2) cells become up to three times more resistant to radiation. The biological response to radiobiological hypoxia is one of few physiologically relevant stresses that activates both the unfolded protein and DNA damage responses (UPR and DDR). Links between these pathways have been identified in studies carried out in normoxia. Based in part on these previous studies and recent work from our laboratory, we hypothesised that the biological response to hypoxia likely includes overlap between the DDR and UPR. While inhibition of the DDR is a recognised strategy for improving radiation response, the possibility of achieving this through targeting the UPR has not been realised. We carried out a systematic review to identify links between the DDR and UPR, in human cell lines exposed to <2% O2. Following PRISMA guidance, literature from January 2010 to October 2020 were retrieved via Ovid MEDLINE and evaluated. A total of 202 studies were included. LAMP3, ULK1, TRIB3, CHOP, NOXA, NORAD, SIAH1/2, DYRK2, HIPK2, CREB, NUPR1, JMJD2B, NRF2, GSK-3B, GADD45a, GADD45b, STAU1, C-SRC, HK2, CAV1, CypB, CLU, IGFBP-3 and SP1 were highlighted as potential links between the hypoxic DDR and UPR. Overall, we identified very few studies which demonstrate a molecular link between the DDR and UPR in hypoxia, however, it is clear that many of the molecules highlighted warrant further investigation under radiobiological hypoxia as these may include novel therapeutic targets to improve radiotherapy response.
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22
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Abd El-Khalik SR, Sharaby RM, Nasif E, Hamza MB, Ibrahim RR. Netrin-1 and clusterin: Innovative potential diagnostic biomarkers for early renal damage in β-thalassemia major children. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:800-810. [PMID: 33715293 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) suffer from tubular dysfunction even before the onset of any renal impairment symptoms and/or clinical signs. Therefore, identifying innovative biomarkers allowing early renal damage detection has focused attention. AIM This study aims to preliminary assess Netrin-1(NTN-1) and clusterin (CLU) in β-TM children and explore their possible roles as surrogate noninvasive biomarkers of renal tubular dysfunction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, 40 β-TM children and 30 healthy children were enrolled. Routine serum and urinary biochemical variables were determined. Urinary NTN-1 and CLU levels were measured using ELISA and their mRNA expression in PBMCs were assayed using real-time PCR. Serum TNF-α, MDA levels and GST activity were measured. RESULTS Urinary NTN-1 and CLU concentrations and mRNA relative expression levels in PBMCs were significantly increased in β-TM children relative to controls. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers revealed significant elevation in β-TM children compared to controls. The change in these parameters correlated significantly with other renal parameters. ROC curves analysis showed that urinary NTN-1 and CLU levels are of promising diagnostic performance. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NTN-1 and CLU are qualified as new noninvasive biomarker panels for early detection of renal injury in β-TM children. Moreover, urinary NTN-1 is recommended as a precise one during the clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ragab Abd El-Khalik
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Elham Nasif
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Rowida Raafat Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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23
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Cheimonidi C, Grivas IN, Sesti F, Kavrochorianou N, Gianniou DD, Taoufik E, Badounas F, Papassideri I, Rizzi F, Tsitsilonis OE, Haralambous S, Trougakos IP. Clusterin overexpression in mice exacerbates diabetic phenotypes but suppresses tumor progression in a mouse melanoma model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6485-6505. [PMID: 33744871 PMCID: PMC7993736 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is an ATP-independent small heat shock protein-like chaperone, which functions both intra- and extra-cellularly. Consequently, it has been functionally involved in several physiological (including aging), as well as in pathological conditions and most age-related diseases, e.g., cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic syndrome. To address CLU function at an in vivo model we established CLU transgenic (Tg) mice bearing ubiquitous or pancreas-targeted CLU overexpression (OE). Our downstream analyses in established Tg lines showed that ubiquitous or pancreas-targeted CLU OE in mice affected antioxidant, proteostatic and metabolic pathways. Targeted OE of CLU in the pancreas, which also resulted in CLU upregulation in the liver likely via systemic effects, increased basal glucose levels in the circulation and exacerbated diabetic phenotypes. Furthermore, by establishing a syngeneic melanoma mouse tumor model we found that ubiquitous CLU OE suppressed melanoma cells growth, indicating a likely tumor suppressor function in early phases of tumorigenesis. Our observations provide in vivo evidence corroborating the notion that CLU is a potential modulator of metabolic and/or proteostatic pathways playing an important role in diabetes and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cheimonidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Ioannis N. Grivas
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Fabiola Sesti
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Nadia Kavrochorianou
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Despoina D. Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Fotis Badounas
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Issidora Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Roma 00136, Italy
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Sylva Haralambous
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
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24
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Wittwer J, Bradley D. Clusterin and Its Role in Insulin Resistance and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:612496. [PMID: 33717095 PMCID: PMC7946829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.612496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiometabolic syndrome involves a clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular factors which increase the risk of patients developing both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardio/cerebrovascular disease. Although the mechanistic underpinnings of this link remain uncertain, key factors include insulin resistance, excess visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction. Of these, a state of resistance to insulin action in overweight/obese patients appears to be central to the pathophysiologic process. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity-related Type 2 Diabetes, coupled with the fact that cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in this patient population, a more thorough understanding of the cardiometabolic syndrome and potential options to mitigate its risk is imperative. Inherent in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is an underlying state of chronic inflammation, at least partly in response to excess adiposity. Within obese adipose tissue, an immunomodulatory shift occurs, involving a preponderance of pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines/adipokines, along with antigen presentation by adipocytes. Therefore, various adipokines differentially expressed by obese adipocytes may have a significant effect on cardiometabolism. Clusterin is a molecular chaperone that is widely produced by many tissues throughout the body, but is also preferentially overexpressed by obese compared lean adipocytes and relates strongly to multiple components of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Herein, we summarize the known and potential roles of circulating and adipocyte-specific clusterin in cardiometabolism and discuss potential further investigations to determine if clusterin is a viable target to attenuate both metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wittwer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David Bradley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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25
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Fini ME, Jeong S, Wilson MR. Therapeutic Potential of the Molecular Chaperone and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Clusterin for Dry Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E116. [PMID: 33374364 PMCID: PMC7794831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is presented herein supporting the potential of the natural homeostatic glycoprotein CLU (clusterin) as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of dry eye. This idea began with the demonstration that matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 is required for damage to the ocular surface in mouse dry eye. Damage was characterized by degradation of OCLN (occludin), a known substrate of MMP9 and a key component of the paracellular barrier. Following up on this finding, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted using MMP9 as the bait to identify other proteins involved. CLU emerged as a strong interacting protein that inhibits the enzymatic activity of MMP9. Previously characterized as a molecular chaperone, CLU is expressed prominently by epithelia at fluid-tissue interfaces and secreted into bodily fluids, where it protects cells and tissues against damaging stress. It was demonstrated that CLU also protects the ocular surface in mouse dry eye when applied topically to replace the natural protein depleted from the dysfunctional tears. CLU is similarly depleted from tears in human dry eye. The most novel and interesting finding was that CLU binds selectively to the damaged ocular surface. In this position, CLU protects against epithelial cell death and barrier proteolysis, and dampens the autoimmune response, while the apical epithelial cell layer is renewed. When present at high enough concentration, CLU also blocks staining by vital dyes used clinically to diagnose dry eye. None of the current therapeutics have this combination of properties to "protect, seal, and heal". Future work will be directed towards human clinical trials to investigate the therapeutic promise of CLU.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Elizabeth Fini
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Program in Pharmacology & Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- The Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Molecular Horizons and the School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
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26
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Sadakierska-Chudy A, Patrylak J, Janeczko J, Chudy J. Downregulation of gene expression and the outcome of ICSI in severe oligozoospermic patients: A preliminary study. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:1219-1230. [PMID: 33241638 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preimplantation embryo development might be influenced by a specific set of transcripts that are delivered to the oocyte by the sperm. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of selected transcripts in spermatozoa and preimplantation development of the embryos in couples with severe oligozoospermia undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure. Therefore, we assessed messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of genes involved in fertilization events, oocyte activation, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair in severe oligozoospermic compared with normozoospermic men as well as morphokinetic parameters of embryos using the time-lapse imaging system. mRNA profiling (44 genes), in mature sperm, was carried out with custom-designed 384-well TLDA Cards. The morphokinetic parameters of zygotes and embryos were recorded by using a time-lapse imaging system. The transcript levels of 21 genes were significantly decreased in the severe oligozoospermic group. Most were associated with fertilization events, oocyte activation and embryonic genome activation. Among them, mRNA of AKAP4 and PTK7 was greatly reduced, moreover, the transcripts of PLCζ and POU5F1, essential for OA and EGA, were not detected at all in patients with severe oligozoospermia. Moreover, the reduced expression of genes important for spermatogenesis, chromatin remodeling and DNA repair was also observed in this group. Time-lapse analysis revealed that fertilization failure occurred in 14% of retrieved oocytes and 90% of all degenerated embryos did not reach morula stage. This study provides preliminary results indicating a significant decrease in transcripts of genes important for spermatogenesis and early preimplantation development in the mature sperm of men with severe oligozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sadakierska-Chudy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Patrylak
- Infertility Treatment Centre PARENS, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Janeczko
- Infertility Treatment Centre PARENS, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Chudy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
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27
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Kadam R, Harish M, Dalvi K, Teni T. Novel nucleolar localization of clusterin and its associated functions in human oral cancers: An in vitro and in silico analysis. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:380-391. [PMID: 33155695 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU), a multifunctional chaperonic glycoprotein associated with diverse cellular functions has been shown to act as an oncogene or tumour suppressor gene in different cancers, implying a dual role in tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the expression of CLU isoforms, their subcellular localization and functional significance in oral cancer cells. Significant downregulation of secretory CLU (sCLU) transcripts was observed in oral cancer cell lines and tumours versus normal cells while the nuclear CLU (nCLU) transcripts were undetectable. We demonstrated for the first time the nucleolar localization of sCLU, its response to different nucleolar stresses and association with cajal bodies post nucleolar stress. Functionally, knockdown of CLU revealed its negative association with ribosome biogenesis implying a possible tumour suppressor like role in oral cancers. Further, loss of sCLU in these cells also resulted in altered nuclear morphology and shrunken tubulin filaments. In addition, the levels of nucleolar Nucleophosmin 1(NPM1) and Fibrillarin, known to regulate nuclear morphology were downregulated indicating a possible role of sCLU in their stabilization. Further, an in silico docking approach to gain insights into the interaction of sCLU with nucleolar proteins NPM1, Fibrillarin, UBF and Nucleolin, revealed the involvement of a conserved region comprising of amino acid residues 140-155 of sCLU β-chain, specifically via the Phe152 residue in hydrophobic interactions with these client nucleolar proteins indicating a possible stabilizing or regulatory role of sCLU. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This is the first study to demonstrate the nucleolar localization of sCLU and its associated functions in oral cancer cells. Downregulation of sCLU in oral cancer tissues and cell lines, and its negative association with ribogenesis suggest its tumour suppressor like role in oral cancers. The possible role of sCLU in stabilization or regulation of different nucleolar proteins thereby impacting their functions is also implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Kadam
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre TMC, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Harish
- Protein Interactome Lab for Structural and Functional Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre TMC, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Kajal Dalvi
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre TMC, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Teni Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre TMC, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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28
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Tarquini C, Pucci S, Scioli MG, Doldo E, Agostinelli S, D'Amico F, Bielli A, Ferlosio A, Caredda E, Tarantino U, Orlandi A. Clusterin exerts a cytoprotective and antioxidant effect in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10129-10146. [PMID: 32516132 PMCID: PMC7346069 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease characterized by destruction of articular cartilage. OA-induced cartilage degeneration causes inflammation, oxidative stress and the hypertrophic shift of quiescent chondrocytes. Clusterin (CLU) is a ubiquitous glycoprotein implicated in many cellular processes and its upregulation has been recently reported in OA cartilage. However, the specific role of CLU in OA cartilage injury has not been investigated yet. We analyzed CLU expression in human articular cartilage in vivo and in cartilage-derived chondrocytes in vitro. CLU knockdown in OA chondrocytes was also performed and its effect on proliferation, hypertrophic phenotype, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated. CLU expression was upregulated in human OA cartilage and in cultured OA cartilage-derived chondrocytes compared with control group. CLU knockdown reduced cell proliferation and increased hypertrophic phenotype as well as apoptotic death. CLU-silenced OA chondrocytes showed higher MMP13 and COL10A1 as well as greater TNF-α, Nox4 and ROS levels. Our results indicate a possible cytoprotective role of CLU in OA chondrocytes promoting cell survival by its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and counteracting the hypertrophic phenotypic shift. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of CLU in order to identify a new potential therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarquini
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Pucci
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Doldo
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Agostinelli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico D'Amico
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Caredda
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
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29
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Yang J, Wise L, Fukuchi KI. TLR4 Cross-Talk With NLRP3 Inflammasome and Complement Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:724. [PMID: 32391019 PMCID: PMC7190872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques, mainly composed of abnormally aggregated amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain parenchyma, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates in neurons, are two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ fibrils and tau aggregates in the brain are closely associated with neuroinflammation and synapse loss, characterized by activated microglia and dystrophic neurites. Genome-wide genetic association studies revealed important roles of innate immune cells in the pathogenesis of late-onset AD by recognizing a dozen genetic risk loci that modulate innate immune activities. Furthermore, microglia, brain resident innate immune cells, have been increasingly recognized to play key, opposing roles in AD pathogenesis by either eliminating toxic Aβ aggregates and enhancing neuronal plasticity or producing proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and synaptotoxicity. Aggregated Aβ binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activates microglia, resulting in increased phagocytosis and cytokine production. Complement components are associated with amyloid plaques and NFTs. Aggregated Aβ can activate complement, leading to synapse pruning and loss by microglial phagocytosis. Systemic inflammation can activate microglial TLR4, NLRP3 inflammasome, and complement in the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, Aβ accumulation, synapse loss and neurodegeneration. The host immune response has been shown to function through complex crosstalk between the TLR, complement and inflammasome signaling pathways. Accordingly, targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying the TLR-complement-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways can be a preventive and therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Leslie Wise
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Ken-Ichiro Fukuchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
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30
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Jeon YK, Kim SS, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Park JJ, Cho YS, Joung SH, Kim JR, Kim BH, Song SH, Kim IJ, Kim YK, Kim YB. Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Reduces Circulating Apolipoprotein J Levels and Improves Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Diabetic Women. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:103-112. [PMID: 32097999 PMCID: PMC7043986 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is closely associated with insulin resistance; however, the effect of exercise on circulating ApoJ levels and the association of ApoJ with metabolic indices remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether a combined exercise can alter the circulating ApoJ level, and whether these changes are associated with metabolic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned into either an exercise (EXE, n=30) or control (CON, n=15) group. Participants in the EXE group were enrolled in a 12-week program consisting of a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises. At baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, body composition and metabolic parameters including homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum ApoJ levels were assessed. RESULTS In the EXE group, ApoJ levels decreased 26.3% and 19.4%, relative to baseline, at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Between-group differences were significant at 8 and 12 weeks (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). In the EXE group, 12 weeks of exercise resulted in significant decreases in body weight, percent body fat, and HOMA-IR indices. Concurrently, weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/wt) was increased in the EXE group compared with the CON group. Importantly, changes in the ApoJ level were significantly correlated with changes in ASM/wt. CONCLUSION Exercise training resulted in a significant decrease in the circulating ApoJ level, with changes in ApoJ associated with an improvement in some insulin resistance indices. These data suggest that circulating ApoJ may be a useful metabolic marker for assessing the effects of exercise on insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Jeon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jong Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungnam University College of Education, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jang Jun Park
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungnam University College of Education, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yuen Suk Cho
- Department of Marine Sports, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - So Hee Joung
- Nutrition Service Team, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Ryang Kim
- Kim Yong Ki Internal Medicine Clinic, Busan, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Kim
- Kim Yong Ki Internal Medicine Clinic, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Abstract
The apolipoproteins are well known for their roles in both health and disease, as components of plasma lipoprotein particles, such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), chylomicrons, and metabolic, vascular- and inflammation-related disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Increasingly, their roles in neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders are also being elucidated. They play major roles in lipid and cholesterol transport between blood and organs and are, therefore, critical to maintenance and homeostasis of the lipidome, with apolipoprotein-lipid interactions, including cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and isoprostanes. Further, they have important pleiotropic roles related to aging and longevity, which are largely managed through their many structural variants, including multiple isoforms, and a diversity of post-translational modifications. Consequently, tools for the characterization and accurate quantification of apolipoproteins, including their diverse array of variant forms, are required to understand their salutary and disease related roles. In this chapter we outline three distinct quantitative approaches suitable for targeting apolipoproteins: (1) multiplex immunoassays, (2) mass spectrometric immunoassay, and (3) multiple reaction monitoring, mass spectrometric quantification. We also discuss management of pre-analytical and experimental design variables.
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32
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Kuo PC, Chau IY, Li AFY, Chau YP, Hsia CY, Chau GY. Clusterin expression in nontumor tissue in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma related with postresectional survival. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:929-934. [PMID: 31800534 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection offers an effective treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, it has high tumor recurrence rate. Clusterin is a highly conserved glycoprotein that enhances cell aggregation in vitro. It is upregulated in several types of cancers such as breast, ovarian, colon, prostate and kidney cancers, and HCC. Clusterin overexpression is correlated with tumor metastasis. We evaluated the significance of clusterin expression levels in serum and resected tissues of patients with HCC. METHODS Serum, resected tumor tissue, and nontumor tissue were collected from 140 patients with HCC undergoing hepatic resection. Serum clusterin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clusterin expression in resected tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Median follow-up time was 57.8 months. RESULTS Mean serum clusterin levels were found to be 130.0 ± 58.7 µg/mL (range, 10.1-366.6 µg/mL). Serum clusterin levels were independent of tumor stage and deterioration of liver function in patients. No significant difference was observed in the survival of patients with high (>130.0 ± 58.7 µg/mL) or low (≤130.0 ± 58.7 µg/mL) serum clusterin level. Clusterin was expressed in HCC tissues of 76 patients (54.3%) and nontumor liver tissues of 53 patients (37.9%). No significant difference was observed in the survival of patients with positive or negative clusterin expression in HCC tissues. In nontumor tissues, patients with positive clusterin expression were observed to have low postoperative disease-free survival rate (p = 0.001) compared to patients with negative clusterin expression. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor with macrovascular/microvascular invasion and clusterin expression in nontumor tissues are independent prognostic factors following hepatic resection. CONCLUSION In HCC, clusterin expression in nontumor tissue shows worse prognosis after hepatic resection. Clusterin can be a prognostic marker for patients with postresection HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ivy Yenwen Chau
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Anna Fen-Yau Li
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yat-Pang Chau
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Yuan Hsia
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gar-Yang Chau
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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McNaught KA, Morris JS, McLaughlin M. Preliminary assessment of serum clusterin as a potential biomarker for canine lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:292-302. [PMID: 31654603 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU), also known as apolipoprotein J, is a widely expressed, heterodimeric, glycoprotein, important in tumourigenesis, apoptosis and immunoregulation. In humans, CLU expression has been associated with anaplastic large cell and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, serum CLU levels in dogs with multicentric lymphoma (MLSA) were compared with healthy control dogs, using both western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot confirmed the presence of CLU in dog sera at the predicted molecular weight and the relative levels detected correlated with the levels detected by ELISA. CLU level analysis by ELISA found treatment naïve dogs with MLSA had a significantly (P < .001) lower serum CLU level compared with healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference between MLSA dogs prior to treatment and in complete remission. The wide variation in serum CLU levels may limit its potential as a single candidate biomarker for MLSA, although any prognostic predictive value of serum CLU concentrations has yet to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McNaught
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanna S Morris
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- Department of Veterinary Science and Education, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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34
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Ren L, Yi J, Li W, Zheng X, Liu J, Wang J, Du G. Apolipoproteins and cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7032-7043. [PMID: 31573738 PMCID: PMC6853823 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of apolipoproteins in cardiovascular disease has been well investigated, but their participation in cancer has only been explored in a few published studies which showed a close link with certain kinds of cancer. In this review, we focused on the function of different kinds of apolipoproteins in cancers, autophagy, oxidative stress, and drug resistance. The potential application of apolipoproteins as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis was highlighted, together with an investigation of their potential as drug targets for cancer treatment. Many important roles of apolipoproteins and their mechanisms in cancers were reviewed in detail and future perspectives of apolipoprotein research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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35
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Atmaca HT, Gazyagci AN, Terzi OS, Dincel GC, Sumer T. Tracking acute phase protein response during acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:6. [PMID: 32257894 PMCID: PMC7081684 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which occurs worldwide in mammals and birds. Brain is the primary target organ because Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular parasite that causes most frequently life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Relation of tissue cysts number, histopathology score and acute phase proteins were investigated. In this study, 36 mice are infected with Me49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The control group has 6 healthy mice. After inoculation of Toxoplasma gondii, at 10., 15., 20., 30., 45., 60. days, 6 each mice euthanized after collection of blood samples. Hemopexin, haptoglobulin, macroglobulin, serum amyloid A and clusterin levels are determined by ELISA. Then, brain tissues were investigated histopathologically and lesions were scored. The average cyst numbers were determined by counting three samples (25 μl each) of each brain homogenate under light microscopy. Inflammatory reaction was observed on day 10 days after inoculation (d.a.i.) The lesions were characterized by perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, focal mononuclear cell infiltration in the meninges, and glial proliferation. Tissue cysts were observed in all Toxoplasma gondii-infected groups. The highest lesion score was observed at 60 d.a.i. And the most tissue cyst number were on day 30. d.a.i. Serum levels of hemopexin, haptoglobulin, macroglobulin, serum amyloid A and clusterin were significantly higher than the control group on day 10-20., 10., 10-30., 10.,10-45 d.a.i., respectively. High level of acute phase proteins in mice on certain days infected with Toxoplasma gondii was exhibited a relationship between brain lesions and tissue cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Tarik Atmaca
- Department of Pathology, Balikesir University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Nuriye Gazyagci
- Department of Parasitology, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Osman Safa Terzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tugce Sumer
- Department of Pathology, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
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36
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Basic J, Stojkovic S, Assadian A, Rauscher S, Duschek N, Kaun C, Wojta J, Falkensammer J. The Relevance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Alpha, and Clusterin in Carotid Plaque Instability. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1540-1545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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37
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Zhu H, Liu M, Zhai T, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Yan K, Gong F, Zeng Y. High serum clusterin levels are associated with premature coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3128. [PMID: 30659732 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, and serum levels of clusterin are higher in coronary artery disease patients. Here, we measured serum clusterin levels in premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) patients and explored the association of these levels with PCAD risk. METHODS Serum samples and general clinical information were obtained from 672 subjects including 364 PCAD subjects, 126 non-PCAD subjects, and 182 controls. RESULTS Serum clusterin levels were higher in PCAD patients than in controls, particularly in males with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 (P < 0.0001). Compared with the lowest tertile of clusterin, the odds ratio of PCAD in the highest tertile was higher in both a univariate and three adjustment models, and it was 3.146-fold higher in Model 3. This association was especially significant in subgroups with BMI < 25 kg/m2 , total cholesterol < 5.7 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 1.0 mmol/L, Urea < 7.14 mmol/L, and estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Serum clusterin may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PCAD (sensitivity 60.7%, specificity 51.6%, area under the curve 0.595 [95% CI, 0.544-0.647], P < 0.0001), and a combination of clusterin with clinical variables in Model 3 resulted in improved diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 86.3%, specificity 64.2%, area under the curve 0.829 [95% CI, 0.782-0.877], P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Serum clusterin levels were increased in PCAD patients, especially for males with BMI < 25 kg/m2 . Higher clusterin levels were independently associated with the presence of PCAD, particularly in subjects with normal BMI, lower total cholesterol, urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Clusterin might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PCAD patients, especially in combination with clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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38
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Pająk B, Kania E, Gołaszewska A, Orzechowski A. Preliminary Study on Clusterin Protein (sCLU) Expression in PC-12 Cells Overexpressing Wild-Type and Mutated (Swedish) AβPP genes Affected by Non-Steroid Isoprenoids and Water-Soluble Cholesterol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1481. [PMID: 30909654 PMCID: PMC6470582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we attempted to verify the hypothesis that the mevalonate pathway affects amyloid beta precursor protein (AβPP) processing and regulates clusterin protein levels. AβPP expression was monitored by green fluorescence (FL) and Western blot (WB). WB showed soluble amyloid protein precursor alpha (sAβPPα) presence in AβPP-wt cells and Aβ expression in AβPP-sw cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated rat neuronal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells were untreated/treated with statins alone or together with non-sterol isoprenoids. Co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol demonstrated statin-dependent neurotoxicity resulted from the attenuated activity of mevalonate pathway rather than lower cholesterol level. Atorvastatin (50 μM) or simvastatin (50 μM) as well as cholesterol chelator methyl-β-cyclodextrin (0.2 mM) diminished cell viability (p < 0.05) and clusterin levels. Interestingly, co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol stimulated (p < 0.05) clusterin expression. Effects of non-sterol isoprenoids, but not water soluble cholesterol (Chol-PEG), were the most significant in mock-transfected cells. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) overcame atorvastatin (ATR)-dependent cytotoxicity. This effect does not seem to be dependent on clusterin, as its level became lower after GGOH. The novelty of these findings is that they show that the mevalonate (MEV) pathway rather than cholesterol itself plays an important role in clusterin expression levels. In mock-transfected, rather than in AβPP-overexpressing cells, GGOH/farnesol (FOH) exerted a protective effect. Thus, protein prenylation with GGOH/FOH might play substantial role in neuronal cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pająk
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kania
- Tumor Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Anita Gołaszewska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Orzechowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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39
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Wang Z, Xu Q, Cai F, Liu X, Wu Y, Song W. BACE2, a conditional β-secretase, contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123431. [PMID: 30626751 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) to form neuritic plaques is the characteristic neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase cleavages. BACE1 is the β-secretase and its inhibition induces severe side effects, whereas its homolog BACE2 normally suppresses Aβ by cleaving APP/Aβ at the θ-site (Phe20) within the Aβ domain. Here, we report that BACE2 also processes APP at the β site, and the juxtamembrane helix (JH) of APP inhibits its β-secretase activity, enabling BACE2 to cleave nascent APP and aggravate AD symptoms. JH-disrupting mutations and clusterin binding to JH triggered BACE2-mediated β-cleavage. Both BACE2 and clusterin were elevated in aged mouse brains, and enhanced β-cleavage during aging. Therefore, BACE2 contributes to AD pathogenesis as a conditional β-secretase and could be a preventive and therapeutic target for AD without the side effects of BACE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Liu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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40
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Pereira RM, Mekary RA, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Anaruma CP, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Protective molecular mechanisms of clusterin against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:123-129. [PMID: 28948410 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of cardiomyocytes occurs with aging and contributes to cardiovascular complications. In the present study, we highlighted the role of clusterin, a protein that has recently been associated with the protection of cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Clusterin protects cardiac cells against damage from myocardial infarction, transplant, or myocarditis. Clusterin can act directly or indirectly on apoptosis by regulating several intracellular pathways. These pathways include (1) the oxidant and inflammatory program, (2) insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway, (3) KU70 / BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) pathway, (4) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pathway, (5) BCL-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) pathway, and (6) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Given the key role of clusterin in preventing loss of cardiac tissue, modulating the expression and function of this protein carries the potential of improving cardiovascular care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. .,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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41
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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Xiao F. Comparison of several commonly used detection indicators of cell senescence. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:213-218. [PMID: 30588854 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1551407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence is the state of irreversible growth arrest that can be triggered by a variety of different cellular stresses. Currently, the commonly used detection indicators involved in the study of cell senescence include senescence-associated β-galactosidase, Clusterin, Telomeres/Telomerase, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, senescence marker protein-30, tumor suppressor genes p53 and p16, and other indicators such as Ki67 and decoy receptor 2. These indicators are widely used in the study of cell senescence, each with its own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. This review summarizes several commonly used cell senescence indicators and compares their accuracy, credibility, specificity, and the scope of their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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42
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Xiao Y, Zeng M, Yin L, Li N, Xiao F. Clusterin increases mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity and protects against hexavalent chromium-induced cytotoxicity in L-02 hepatocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 8:15-24. [PMID: 30713657 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence revealed significant elevated liver cancer mortality in the areas where water was contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)], which highlighted that we should pay more attention to Cr(vi)-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. We found that Clusterin (CLU) was up-regulated in Cr(vi)-exposed L-02 hepatocytes, but the role CLU played in Cr(vi)-induced cytotoxicity has never been explored. In the present study, we demonstrate Cr(vi) targeted mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I) activity and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which caused mitochondrial damage that was characterized by the increase of permeability transition pore (PTP) open rate, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) from mitochondria to cytoplasm, which then induced cell viability loss and increased aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) leakage. We reveal that Cr(vi) may regulate CLU expression through the ROS-ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM)-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis, and CLU expression was positively correlated to MRCC I activity. We further confirmed that CLU may regulate MRCC I activity via modulating its subunit nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3 (NDUFS3) expression. By the establishment of CLU over-expression cells, we found that over-expression of CLU alleviated Cr(vi)-induced MRCC I inhibition and further rescued cell viability loss and reduced AST and ALT leakage. Thus, we reached the conclusion that the CLU-induced increase of MRCC I activity protected against Cr(vi)-induced cytotoxicity. The present research will provide new experimental evidence for thoroughly clarifying the cytotoxicity and the carcinogenic mechanism of Cr(vi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology , Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha 410078 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 -731-84487130
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology , Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha 410078 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 -731-84487130
| | - Lirong Yin
- Department of Health Toxicology , Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha 410078 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 -731-84487130
| | - Na Li
- Department of Health Toxicology , Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha 410078 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 -731-84487130
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology , Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , Changsha 410078 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 -731-84487130
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Kwon HK, Jeong H, Hwang D, Park ZY. Comparative proteomic analysis of mouse models of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy, with selection of biomarkers of pathological hypertrophy by integrative Proteogenomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:S1570-9639(18)30118-3. [PMID: 30048702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine fundamental characteristics of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, protein expression profiles in two widely accepted models of cardiac hypertrophy (swimming-trained mouse for physiological hypertrophy and pressure-overload-induced mouse for pathological hypertrophy) were compared using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. Among 3955 proteins (19,235 peptides, false-discovery rate < 0.01) identified in these models, 486 were differentially expressed with a log2 fold difference ≥ 0.58, or were detected in only one hypertrophy model (each protein from 4 technical replicates, p < .05). Analysis of gene ontology biological processes and KEGG pathways identified cellular processes enriched in one or both hypertrophy models. Processes unique to pathological hypertrophy were compared with processes previously identified in cardiac-hypertrophy models. Individual proteins with differential expression in processes unique to pathological hypertrophy were further confirmed using the results of previous targeted functional analysis studies. Using a proteogenomic approach combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, similar patterns of differential expression were observed for 23 proteins and corresponding genes associated with pathological hypertrophy. A total of 11 proteins were selected as early-stage pathological-hypertrophy biomarker candidates, and the results of western blotting for five of these proteins in independent samples confirmed the patterns of differential expression in mouse models of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyeong Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobin Jeong
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Wiggs JL, Kang JH, Fan B, Levkovitch-Verbin H, Pasquale LR. A Role for Clusterin in Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma? J Glaucoma 2018; 27 Suppl 1:S61-S66. [PMID: 29965900 PMCID: PMC8035929 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional protein clusterin (CLU) is a secreted glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the body, including in the eye. Its primary function is to act as an extracellular molecular chaperone, preventing the precipitation and aggregation of misfolded extracellular proteins. Clusterin is commonly identified at fluid-tissue interfaces, and has been identified in most body fluids. It is a component of exfoliation material, and CLU mRNA is reduced in eyes with exfoliation syndrome compared with controls. SNPs located in the CLU genomic region have been associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) at the genome-wide level and several CLU SNPs located in an apparent regulatory region have been nominally associated with XFS/XFG in Caucasians with European ancestry and in south Indians. Interestingly, clusterin associates with altered elastic fibers in human photoaged skin and prevents UV-induced elastin aggregation in vitro. In light of the known geographic risk factors for XFS/XFG, which could include UV light, investigations of CLU-geographic interactions could be of interest. Future studies investigating rare CLU variation and other complex interactions including gene-gene interactions in XFS/XFG cases and controls may also be fruitful. Although CLU has been considered as a therapeutic target in AD, cancer and dry eye, a role for clusterin in XFS/XFG needs to be better defined before therapeutic approaches involving CLU can be entertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janey L. Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jae Hee Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - BaoJian Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hani Levkovitch-Verbin
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel Hashomer, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM, Kassem M. Secreted Clusterin protein inhibits osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Bone 2018; 110:221-229. [PMID: 29476977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secreted Clusterin (sCLU, also known as Apolipoprotein J) is an anti-apoptotic glycoprotein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, lipid transport, extracellular tissue remodeling and apoptosis. sCLU is expressed and secreted by mouse bone marrow-derived skeletal (stromal or mesenchymal) stem cells (mBMSCs), but its functional role in MSC biology is not known. In this study, we demonstrated that Clusterin mRNA expression and protein secretion in conditioned medium increased during adipocyte differentiation and decreased during osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Treatment of mBMSC cultures with recombinant sCLU protein increased cell proliferation and exerted an inhibitory effect on the osteoblast differentiation while stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated silencing of Clu expression in mBMSCs reduced adipocyte differentiation and stimulated osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of sCLU on the osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs was mediated by the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. In conclusion, we identified sCLU as a regulator of mBMSCs lineage commitment to osteoblasts versus adipocytes through a mechanism mediated by ERK1/2 signaling. Inhibiting sCLU is a possible therapeutic approach for enhancing osteoblast differentiation and consequently bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Pang WW, Abdul-Rahman PS, Wan-Ibrahim WI, Hashim OH. Can the Acute-Phase Reactant Proteins be Used as Cancer Biomarkers? Int J Biol Markers 2018; 25:1-11. [DOI: 10.1177/172460081002500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The association between the acute-phase reactant proteins (APRPs) and cancer has long been established. There have been numerous reports correlating altered levels of various APRPs with different types of cancers. However, researchers are often quick to dismiss the use of these APRPs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer because alterations in APRP concentrations are observed in a wide range of diseases. Recent progress in proteomics studies which profiled the serum proteins of cancer patients and those of normal individuals indicated that the altered APRP expressions were different for distinct types, subtypes, and even stages of cancer. Interestingly, these data are in agreement with those observed earlier using immunochemical and biochemical assays. In view of this compelling association of different patterns of APRPs with various types of cancers and in an apparent shift of paradigm, we present in this review some indications that APRP fingerprinting may be used as complementary cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Pang
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia
| | - Wan Izlina Wan-Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia
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Ma X, Zou L, Li X, Chen Z, Lin Q, Wu X. MicroRNA-195 regulates docetaxel resistance by targeting clusterin in prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:445-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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48
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Czeczok TW, Stashek KM, Maxwell JE, O’Dorisio TM, Howe JR, Hornick JL, Bellizzi AM. Clusterin in Neuroendocrine Epithelial Neoplasms: Absence of Expression in a Well-differentiated Tumor Suggests a Jejunoileal Origin. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:94-100. [PMID: 29420353 PMCID: PMC5808989 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin, a widely expressed, tissue-specific glycoprotein, is a diagnostic marker of several tumor types, including anaplastic large cell lymphoma, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, and tenosynovial giant cell tumor. A recent study has suggested it is highly expressed by well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) arising at most anatomic sites, with the exception of jejunoileal tumors, and that it is similarly not expressed by poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). We sought to validate this result in a large cohort of NETs and NECs. Clusterin immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays of 255 NETs [45 lung, 4 stomach, 8 duodenum, 75 pancreas (62 primary, 13 metastatic), 107 jejunoileum (69 primary, 38 metastatic), 16 appendix] and 88 NECs (43 visceral, 45 Merkel cell). Extent (%) and intensity (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) of staining were assessed and an H-score (extent x intensity) calculated. An average H-score >5 was considered positive. Clusterin expression was noted in 82.4% of 148 nonjejunoileal NETs (average H-score 183) and only 8.4% of 107 jejunoileal NETs (average H-score, 31), as well as 19.3% of NECs (average H-score, 36). Clusterin is frequently, strongly expressed by NETs of diverse anatomic sites, with the exception of jejunoileal tumors, in which it is only rarely, weakly expressed. It is occasionally, weakly expressed by NECs. Most metastatic NETs of occult origin arise in the pancreas or the jejunoileum. For cases in which an initial site of origin immunopanel (eg, islet 1, PAX6, CDX2) is ambiguous, addition of clusterin may be diagnostically useful, with absence of expression suggesting a jejunoileal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Czeczok
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kristen M Stashek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica E Maxwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thomas M O’Dorisio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
- Neuroendocrine Cancer Program, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
| | - James R Howe
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
- Neuroendocrine Cancer Program, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew M Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
- Neuroendocrine Cancer Program, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
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Samson AAS, Park S, Kim SY, Min DH, Jeon NL, Song JM. Liposomal co-delivery-based quantitative evaluation of chemosensitivity enhancement in breast cancer stem cells by knockdown of GRP78/CLU. J Liposome Res 2018; 29:44-52. [PMID: 29262741 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1420081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a key factor in the inefficacy of various forms of treatments for cancer. In the present study, chemo-resistant proteins, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)/clusterin (CLU) targeted 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) liposomes, were developed as a delivery system for co-delivery of camptothecin (CPT) and GRP78 siRNA/CLU siRNA. Their drug/gene co-deliveries were quantitatively assessed in cancer stem cells (CSC) and MCF-7 cells. DOTAP-CPT/siRNA were prepared via electrostatic interaction on GRP78 siRNA or CLU siRNA. The size and ζ-potential of liposomes and lipoplexes were measured by dynamic light scattering techniques and electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometry. The lipoplexes formation was tested by using gel electrophoresis. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the expression level of CLU and GRP78 were significantly elevated in CSC compared to MCF-7 cells. Transfection and drug-delivery efficiency of DOTAP-CPT/siRNA were quantitatively compared with Lipofectamine 2000. Compared to free CPT, DOTAP-CPT-siCLU delivery in CSC and MCF-7 cells increased transfection efficiency and chemo-sensitivity by 4.1- and 5.9-fold, respectively. On the other hand, DOTAP-CPT-siGRP78 delivery increased transfection efficiency and chemo sensitivity by 4.4- and 6.2-fold in CSC and MCF-7 cells, respectively, compared to free CPT. It is significant that 3 ± 1.2-fold increase in transfection efficiency was achieved by lipofectamine. Consequently, an increase in anti-cancer/gene silencing efficacy was quantitatively observed as an effect of DOTAP-CPT/siRNA treatment, which was relatively higher than lipofectamine treatment. Conclusively, our experimental data quantitatively demonstrate that using DOTAP-CPT-siRNA specifically targeting (CSCs) chemo-resistant protein in vitro offers substantial potential for synergistic anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solji Park
- a College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sung-Yon Kim
- b Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- c Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- d School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- a College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
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50
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Sheng X, Huang T, Qin J, Yang L, Sa ZQ, Li Q. Identification of the Differential Expression Profiles of Serum and Tissue Proteins During Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533034618756785. [PMID: 29478368 PMCID: PMC5833169 DOI: 10.1177/1533034618756785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is complex and not fully known yet. This study aims to screen and identify the differentially expressed proteins in peripheral blood and liver tissue samples from rat hepatocellular carcinoma and to further clarify the pathogenesis and discover the specific tumor markers and molecular targets of hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatocellular carcinoma model of Wistar rats were induced by chemical carcinogen. The serum and liver tissue samples were obtained after induction for 2, 4, 8, 14, 18, and 21 weeks. The results showed that the clusterin (IPI00198667), heat shock protein a8 (IPI00208205), and N-myc downstream-regulated gene-2 (IPI00382069) being closely related to hepatocarcinogenesis were eventually identified from the 30 different proteins. As the time progressed, the serum levels of clusterin and heat shock protein a8 increased gradually during induced liver cancer in rats. However, the serum N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level in induced liver cancer in rats underwent biphasic changes, and the serum N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level decreased at the 8th week, increased at the 14th week, and then decreased significantly. Statistical difference occurred in protein expression of clusterin and heat shock protein a8 in liver tissues at the different time points. In the liver tissues, the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 level decreased gradually at the 8th week, increased gradually at the 14th week, and then decreased significantly after 14 weeks. The study demonstrated that heat shock protein a8, clusterin, and N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 participated in the process of abnormal cell division, proliferation, and carcinogenesis of liver cells during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Proteome
- Proteomics/methods
- Rats
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sheng
- 1 Department of pathology, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Qin
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- 3 Department of general surgery, Affiliated to the Third Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Sa
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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