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Fraser B, Wilkins A, Whiting S, Liang M, Rebourcet D, Nixon B, Aitken RJ. Development of peptides for targeting cell ablation agents concurrently to the Sertoli and Leydig cell populations of the testes: An approach to non-surgical sterilization. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292198. [PMID: 38574116 PMCID: PMC10994420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The surgical sterilization of cats and dogs has been used to prevent their unwanted breeding for decades. However, this is an expensive and invasive procedure, and often impractical in wider contexts, for example the control of feral populations. A sterilization agent that could be administered in a single injection, would not only eliminate the risks imposed by surgery but also be a much more cost-effective solution to this worldwide problem. In this study, we sought to develop a targeting peptide that would selectively bind to Leydig cells of the testes. Subsequently, after covalently attaching a cell ablation agent, Auristatin, to this peptide we aimed to apply this conjugated product (LH2Auristatin) to adult male mice in vivo, both alone and together with a previously developed Sertoli cell targeting peptide (FSH2Menadione). The application of LH2Auristatin alone resulted in an increase in sperm DNA damage, reduced mean testes weights and mean seminiferous tubule size, along with extensive germ cell apoptosis and a reduction in litter sizes. Together with FSH2Menadione there was also an increase in embryo resorptions. These promising results were observed in around a third of all treated animals. Given this variability, we discuss how these reagents might be modified in order to increase target cell ablation and improve their efficacy as sterilization agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fraser
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Wilkins
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Whiting
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Renu K, Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV, Wanjari UR, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Veeraraghavan VP, Vinayagam S, Paz-Montelongo S, George A, Vellingiri B, Madhyastha H. Protective effects of macromolecular polyphenols, metals (zinc, selenium, and copper) - Polyphenol complexes, and different organs with an emphasis on arsenic poisoning: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126715. [PMID: 37673136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
For the potential health benefits and nutritional value, polyphenols are one of the secondary metabolites of plants that have received extensive research. It has anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity-reducing properties in addition to a high antioxidant content. Macromolecular polyphenols and polysaccharides are biologically active natural polymers with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Arsenic is an ecologically toxic metalloid. Arsenic in drinking water is the most common way people come into contact with this metalloid. While arsenic is known to cause cancer, it is also used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The treatment's effectiveness is hampered by the adverse effects it can cause on the body. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and the inability to regulate cell death cause the most adverse effects. Polyphenols and other macromolecules like polysaccharides act as neuroprotectants by mitigating free radical damage, inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production, lowering A42 fibril formation, boosting antioxidant levels, and controlling apoptosis and inflammation. To prevent the harmful effects of toxins, polyphenols and pectin lower oxidative stress, boost antioxidant levels, improve mitochondrial function, control apoptosis, and suppress inflammation. Therefore, it prevents damage to the heart, liver, kidneys, and reproductive system. This review aims to identify the effects of the polyphenols in conjugation with polysaccharides as an ameliorative strategy for arsenic-induced toxicity in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sathishkumar Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Centre for Postgraduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri 635205, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Soraya Paz-Montelongo
- Area de Toxicologia, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain; Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain.
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889 1692, Japan.
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3
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Fraser BA, Wilkins AL, De Iuliis GN, Rebourcet D, Nixon B, Aitken RJ. Development of a model for studying the developmental consequences of oxidative sperm DNA damage by targeting redox-cycling naphthoquinones to the Sertoli cell population. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:50-62. [PMID: 37356777 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be induced in the testes by a wide range of factors, including scrotal hyperthermia, varicocele, environmental toxicants, obesity and infection. The clinical consequences of such stress include the induction of genetic damage in the male germ line which may, in turn, have serious implications for the health and wellbeing of the progeny. In order to confirm the transgenerational impact of oxidative stress in the testes, we sought to develop an animal model in which this process could be analysed. Our primary approach to this problem was to induce Sertoli cells (robust, terminally differentiated, tissue-specific testicular cells whose radioresistance indicates significant resistance to oxidative stress) to generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the testes. To achieve this aim, six follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peptides were developed and compared for selective targeting to Sertoli cells both in vitro and in vivo. Menadione, a redox-cycling agent, was then conjugated to the most promising FSH candidate using a linker that had been optimised to enable maximum production of ROS in the targeted cells. A TM4 Sertoli cell line co-incubated with the FSH-menadione conjugate in vitro exhibited significantly higher levels of mitochondrial ROS generation (10-fold), lipid peroxidation (2-fold) and oxidative DNA damage (2-fold) than the vehicle control. Additionally, in a proof-of-concept study, ten weeks after a single injection of the FSH-menadione conjugate in vivo, injected male mice were found to exhibit a 1.6 fold increase in DNA double strand breaks and 13-fold increase in oxidative DNA damage to their spermatozoa while still retaining their ability to initiate a pregnancy. We suggest this model could now be used to study the influence of chronic oxidative stress on testicular function with emphasis on the impact of DNA damage in the male germ line on the mutational profile and health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Anne Fraser
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Louise Wilkins
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Geoffry Nunzio De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Akanchise T, Angelova A. Ginkgo Biloba and Long COVID: In Vivo and In Vitro Models for the Evaluation of Nanotherapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051562. [PMID: 37242804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infections are neuroinvasive and can provoke injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and long-term illness consequences. They may be associated with inflammatory processes due to cellular oxidative stress and an imbalanced antioxidant system. The ability of phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as Ginkgo biloba, to alleviate neurological complications and brain tissue damage has attracted strong ongoing interest in the neurotherapeutic management of long COVID. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb) contains several bioactive ingredients, e.g., bilobalide, quercetin, ginkgolides A-C, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and luteolin. They have various pharmacological and medicinal effects, including memory and cognitive improvement. Ginkgo biloba, through its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, impacts cognitive function and other illness conditions like those in long COVID. While preclinical research on the antioxidant therapies for neuroprotection has shown promising results, clinical translation remains slow due to several challenges (e.g., low drug bioavailability, limited half-life, instability, restricted delivery to target tissues, and poor antioxidant capacity). This review emphasizes the advantages of nanotherapies using nanoparticle drug delivery approaches to overcome these challenges. Various experimental techniques shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress response in the nervous system and help comprehend the pathophysiology of the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To develop novel therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems, several methods for mimicking oxidative stress conditions have been used (e.g., lipid peroxidation products, mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, and models of ischemic brain damage). We hypothesize the beneficial effects of EGb in the neurotherapeutic management of long-term COVID-19 symptoms, evaluated using either in vitro cellular or in vivo animal models of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Akanchise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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5
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Wang J, Liu YM, Hu J, Chen C. Potential of natural products in combination with arsenic trioxide: Investigating cardioprotective effects and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114464. [PMID: 37060657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, clinical trials conducted worldwide have demonstrated the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Currently, ATO has become the frontline treatments for patients with APL. However, its therapeutic applicability is severely constrained by ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Any cardioprotective agents that can ameliorate the cardiac side effects and allow exploiting the full therapeutic potential of ATO, undoubtedly gain significant attention. The knowledge and use of natural products for evidence-based therapy have grown rapidly in recent years. Here we discussed the potential mechanism of ATO-induced cardiac side effects and reviewed the studies on cardiac side effects as well as the research history of ATO in the treatment of APL. Then, We summarized the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Based on the efficacy and safety of the natural product, it has a promising future in the development of cardioprotective agents against ATO-induced cardiac side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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6
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Routh K, Kaur S, Pradeep CP. A New Class of Water‐Soluble Aryl Sulfonium Decavanadates and Their Antioxidant Activity: Effects of Cluster Reduction and Counter Ion Substitution on Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Routh
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Kamand 175005 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botany Khalsa College Amritsar 143001 Punjab India
| | - Chullikkattil P. Pradeep
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Kamand 175005 Himachal Pradesh India
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7
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The blood-brain barrier in aging and neurodegeneration. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2659-2673. [PMID: 35361905 PMCID: PMC9156404 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is vital for maintaining brain homeostasis by enabling an exquisite control of exchange of compounds between the blood and the brain parenchyma. Moreover, the BBB prevents unwanted toxins and pathogens from entering the brain. This barrier, however, breaks down with age and further disruption is a hallmark of many age-related disorders. Several drugs have been explored, thus far, to protect or restore BBB function. With the recent connection between the BBB and gut microbiota, microbial-derived metabolites have been explored for their capabilities to protect and restore BBB physiology. This review, will focus on the vital components that make up the BBB, dissect levels of disruption of the barrier, and discuss current drugs and therapeutics that maintain barrier integrity and the recent discoveries of effects microbial-derived metabolites have on BBB physiology.
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8
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Oyefeso FA, Muotri AR, Wilson CG, Pecaut MJ. Brain organoids: A promising model to assess oxidative stress-induced central nervous system damage. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:653-670. [PMID: 33942547 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most significant propagators of systemic damage with implications for widespread pathologies such as vascular disease, accelerated aging, degenerative disease, inflammation, and traumatic injury. OS can be induced by numerous factors such as environmental conditions, lifestyle choices, disease states, and genetic susceptibility. It is tied to the accumulation of free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insufficient antioxidant protection, which leads to cell aging and tissue degeneration over time. Unregulated systemic increase in reactive species, which contain harmful free radicals, can lead to diverse tissue-specific OS responses and disease. Studies of OS in the brain, for example, have demonstrated how this state contributes to neurodegeneration and altered neural plasticity. As the worldwide life expectancy has increased over the last few decades, the prevalence of OS-related diseases resulting from age-associated progressive tissue degeneration. Unfortunately, vital translational research studies designed to identify and target disease biomarkers in human patients have been impeded by many factors (e.g., limited access to human brain tissue for research purposes and poor translation of experimental models). In recent years, stem cell-derived three-dimensional tissue cultures known as "brain organoids" have taken the spotlight as a novel model for studying central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this review, we discuss the potential of brain organoids to model the responses of human neural cells to OS, noting current and prospective limitations. Overall, brain organoids show promise as an innovative translational model to study CNS susceptibility to OS and elucidate the pathophysiology of the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluwasomi A Oyefeso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD, Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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9
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Chazelas P, Steichen C, Favreau F, Trouillas P, Hannaert P, Thuillier R, Giraud S, Hauet T, Guillard J. Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Ischemia Reperfusion Models: Characteristics, Limits and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052366. [PMID: 33673423 PMCID: PMC7956779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury is a complex process consisting of a seemingly chaotic but actually organized and compartmentalized shutdown of cell function, of which oxidative stress is a key component. Studying oxidative stress, which results in an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense activity, is a multi-faceted issue, particularly considering the double function of ROS, assuming roles as physiological intracellular signals and as mediators of cellular component damage. Herein, we propose a comprehensive overview of the tools available to explore oxidative stress, particularly in the study of ischemia reperfusion. Applying chemistry as well as biology, we present the different models currently developed to study oxidative stress, spanning the vitro and the silico, discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of each set-up, including the issues relating to the use of in vitro hypoxia as a surrogate for ischemia. Having identified the limitations of historical models, we shall study new paradigms, including the use of stem cell-derived organoids, as a bridge between the in vitro and the in vivo comprising 3D intercellular interactions in vivo and versatile pathway investigations in vitro. We shall conclude this review by distancing ourselves from "wet" biology and reviewing the in silico, computer-based, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulation options: (a) molecular modeling with quantum chemistry and molecular dynamic algorithms, which facilitates the study of molecule-to-molecule interactions, and the integration of a compound in a dynamic environment (the plasma membrane...); (b) integrative systemic models, which can include many facets of complex mechanisms such as oxidative stress or ischemia reperfusion and help to formulate integrated predictions and to enhance understanding of dynamic interaction between pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chazelas
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, Université de Limoges, EA 6309, 87032 Limoges, France; (P.C.); (F.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU de Limoges, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM U1248, IPPRITT, Université de Limoges, 87032 Limoges, France;
- RCPTM, University Palacký of Olomouc, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Hannaert
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillier
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082, IRTOMIT, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.S.); (P.H.); (R.T.); (S.G.); (T.H.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86074 Poitiers, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
- FHU SUPORT Survival Optimization in Organ Transplantation, 86021 Poitiers, France
- IBiSA Plateforme Modélisation Préclinique-Innovations Chirurgicale et Technologique (MOPICT), Do-maine Expérimental du Magneraud, 17700 Surgères, France
| | - Jérôme Guillard
- UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Team 5 Chemistry, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-49-44-38-59
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10
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-Alkylamide derivatives as anti-tumor agents. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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11
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Health Effects of Grape Seed and Skin Extracts and Their Influence on Biochemical Markers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225311. [PMID: 33202575 PMCID: PMC7696942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the study of the effects of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) on human health. GSSE contains high concentrations of important polyphenolic substances with high biological activity. This review is a summary of studies that investigate the effects of GSSE on diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, its neuroprotective effect, and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and other health complications related to these diseases. The results of the studies confirm that the anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and pro-proliferative effects of “Vitis vinifera L.” seed extract reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve the overall lipid metabolism.
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12
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González NT, Otali E, Machanda Z, Muller MN, Wrangham R, Thompson ME. Urinary markers of oxidative stress respond to infection and late-life in wild chimpanzees. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238066. [PMID: 32916689 PMCID: PMC7486137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a marked role in aging and results from a variety of stressors, making it a powerful measure of health and a way to examine costs associated with life history investments within and across species. However, few urinary OS markers have been examined under field conditions, particularly in primates, and their utility to non-invasively monitor the costs of acute stressors versus the long-term damage associated with aging is poorly understood. In this study, we examined variation in 5 urinary markers of oxidative damage and protection under 5 validation paradigms for 37 wild, chimpanzees living in the Kibale National Park, Uganda. We used 924 urine samples to examine responses to acute immune challenge (respiratory illness or severe wounding), as well as mixed-longitudinal and intra-individual variation with age. DNA damage (8-OHdG) correlated positively with all other markers of damage (F-isoprostanes, MDA-TBARS, and neopterin) but did not correlate with protection (total antioxidant capacity). Within individuals, all markers of damage responded to at least one if not both types of acute infection. While OS is expected to increase with age, this was not generally true in chimpanzees. However, significant changes in oxidative damage were detected within past-prime individuals and those close to death. Our results indicate that OS can be measured using field-collected urine and integrates short- and long-term aspects of health. They further suggest that more data are needed from long-lived, wild animals to illuminate if common age-related increases in inflammation and OS damage are typical or recently aberrant in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Thompson González
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- University of New Mexico, Academic Science Education and Research Training Program, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Emily Otali
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Zarin Machanda
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
- Tufts University, Department of Anthropology, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Martin N. Muller
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Richard Wrangham
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
- Harvard University, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Melissa Emery Thompson
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
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Characterization and Validation of an "Acute Aerobic Exercise Load" as a Tool to Assess Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Nutrition in Healthy Subjects Using a Statistically Integrated Approach in a Comprehensive Clinical Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9526725. [PMID: 31612079 PMCID: PMC6755301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9526725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic challenge may provide unique opportunities for quantitative assessment of the health-promoting effects of nutritional interventions in healthy individuals. Objective. The present study is aimed at characterizing and validating the use of acute aerobic exercise (AAE) on a treadmill at 60% of VO2max for 30 min, in assessing the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of a nutritional intervention. In a controlled, randomized, parallel trial of Korean black raspberry (KBR) (n = 24/group), fasting blood and urine samples collected before and following the AAE load at either baseline or 4-week follow-up were analyzed for biochemical markers, 1H-NMR metabolomics, and transcriptomics. The AAE was characterized using the placebo data only, and either the placebo or the treatment data were used in the validation. The AAE load generated a total of 50 correlations of 44 selected markers, based on Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis of 105 differential markers. Subsequent mapping of selected markers onto the KEGG pathway dataset showed 127 pathways relevant to the AAE load. Of these, 54 pathways involving 18 key targets were annotated to be related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The biochemical responses were amplified with the AAE load as compared to those with no load, whereas, the metabolomic and transcriptomic responses were downgraded. Furthermore, target-pathway network analysis revealed that the AAE load provided more explanations on how KBR exerted antioxidant effects in healthy subjects (29 pathways involving 12 key targets with AAE vs. 12 pathways involving 2 key targets without AAE). This study provides considerable insight into the molecular changes incurred by AAE and furthers our understanding that AAE-induced homeostatic perturbation could magnify oxidative and inflammatory responses, thereby providing a unique opportunity to test functional foods for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes in clinical settings with healthy subjects.
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Zhang X, Shi E, Yang L, Fu W, Hu F, Zhou X. Gentiopicroside attenuates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation in rat model. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739219847837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, an inflammatory condition, is one of the devastating complication associated with diabetes that can lead to irreversible blindness. Gentiopicroside (GP), a secoiridoid glycoside, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The investigation was carried out to explore whether GP could attenuate diabetic retinopathy in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in 8-weeks-old male rats (200–240 g). The treatment group received GP (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) orally for a duration of 10 weeks in diabetic rats (n = 10), and the diabetic group animals received phosphate buffer solution (n = 20). Effect of GP on cell viability study was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators, and angiogenic factors were quantified in the retinal tissues of diabetic animals. All data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P < 0.05. Cytoprotective effect of GP was observed in MTT assay. GP effectively downregulated inflammatory cytokine, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1), and upregulated antioxidant markers glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the retina of diabetic rats. GP equilibrated the disturbed angiogenic factors in the diabetic retinal tissues. Results clearly indicated defensive role of GP in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy by inhibition of NF-κB and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - En Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Weina Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Xisong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
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Wahby MM, Abdallah ZM, Abdou HM, Yousef MI, Newairy ASA. Mitigating potential ofGinkgo bilobaextract and melatonin against hepatic and nephrotoxicity induced by Bisphenol A in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayssaa M. Wahby
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Zaynab M. Abdallah
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Abdou
- Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar I. Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Al-Sayeda A. Newairy
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
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Okadaic Acid and Hypoxia Induced Dementia Model of Alzheimer's Type in Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:621-634. [PMID: 30729451 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-0005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of progressive decline of memory function in aged humans. To study about a disease mechanism and progression, animal models for the specific disease are needed. For AD, although highly valid animal models exist, none of the existing models recapitulates all aspects of human AD. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD are diverse and thus it is difficult to recapitulate human AD in model organisms. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of okadaic acid (OKA), a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor, in rats causes neurotoxicity associated with neurofibrillary degeneration. However, this model lacks amyloid pathology as observed in AD. We aimed at combining two different treatments and hence producing a better animal model of AD which may mimic most of the neuropathological, neurobehavioral, and neurochemical changes observed in AD. For this, OKA (200 ng) was microinjected bilaterally into the hippocampus of male Wistar rats followed by exposure of same rats to hypoxic conditions (10%) for 3 days. The result of which, the combination model exhibited tau hyperphosphorylation along with Aβ upregulation as evident by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The observed changes were accompanied with dysfunction of neurotransmitter system, i.e., decreased acetylcholine activity and expression. This combinatorial model also exhibited cognitive deficiency which was assessed by Morris water maze and avoidance tests along with enhanced oxidative stress which is thought to be a major player in AD pathogenesis. Taken together, we established an easily reproducible and reliable rat model for sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type in rats which allows effective testing of new therapeutic strategies.
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Yin Y, Zong R, Bao X, Zheng X, Cui H, Liu Z, Zhou Y. Oxidative Stress Suppresses Cellular Autophagy in Corneal Epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:3286-3293. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaorui Bao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiling Zheng
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huixia Cui
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yueping Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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How does an animal behave like a plant? Physiological and molecular adaptations of zooxanthellae and their hosts to symbiosis. C R Biol 2018; 341:276-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Protective Effects of Hesperidin (Citrus Flavonone) on High Glucose Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in a Cellular Model for Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121312. [PMID: 29207476 PMCID: PMC5748762 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of hesperidin, a plant based active flavanone found in citrus fruits, under the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high levels of glucose in retinal ganglial cells (RGCs). RGC-5 cells were pretreated with hesperidin (12.5, 25, or 50 μmol/L) for 6 h followed by exposure to high (33.3 mmol/L) d-glucose for 48 h. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was adopted to evaluate cell viability. Mitochondrial function was estimated by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). A fluorescent probe was employed to evaluate the intercellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Colorimetric assay kits were used to evaluate lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and protein carbonyls formation. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were measured with Western blotting. Hesperidin inhibited high glucose-mediated cell loss and restored mitochondrial function including a reversion of ΔΨm loss and cytochrome c release. Treated with hesperidin, high glucose-induced increase in ROS, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl levels were blocked in RGC-5 cells. Hesperidin was found to elevate the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and to recover glutathione levels. Hesperidin inhibited high glucose-induced cell apoptosis by attenuating the downregulation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 MAPK triggered by high glucose were attenuated in RGC-5 cells after their incubation with hesperdin. We concluded that hesperidin may protect RGC-5 cells from high glucose-induced injury since it owns the properties of antioxidant action and blocks mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Xu Y, Wang S, Miao Q, Jin K, Lou L, Ye X, Xi Y, Ye J. Protective Role of Hinokitiol Against H 2O 2-Induced Injury in Human Corneal Epithelium. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:47-53. [PMID: 27269503 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently found that hinokitiol has anti-inflammatory activity in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Herein, we investigated the protective role of hinokitiol against H2O2-induced injury in HCE cells and the mechanisms that underlie its action. METHODS HCE cells were incubated with different concentrations of hinokitiol or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which served as a vehicle control, before H2O2 stimulus. The cell viability was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. TUNEL, phosphorylated histone γH2A.X, cleaved caspase-3 expression analyses, and location of cytochrome c were conducted to detect cell injury and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) were used to determine oxidative stress. Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions were measured by western blotting. RESULTS Hinokitiol significantly improved the cell viability, decreased the apoptosis rate, inhibited DNA damage, and reduced cleaved caspase-3 expression and the leakage of cytochrome c from mimitochondrion to cytoplasm of HCE cells against the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Generation of ROS and MDA and decreased activity of CAT, SOD, and T-AOC were also ameliorated by hinokitiol administration. Moreover, Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated while Bax was up-regulated by H2O2 stimulus, which were reversed by hinokitiol application. CONCLUSION Hinokitiol protects HCE cells against H2O2-induced injury likely by its antioxidant activity and modulating the Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Shengzhan Wang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Qi Miao
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Kai Jin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Lixia Lou
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xin Ye
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yan Xi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Juan Ye
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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An YA, Hwang JY, Lee JS, Kim YC. Cornus officinalis Methanol Extract Upregulates Melanogenesis in Melan-a Cells. Toxicol Res 2015; 31:165-72. [PMID: 26191383 PMCID: PMC4505347 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus officinalis is widely distributed in Korea, and its fruit has been used to make as herbal drug for traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China because of its tonic, analgesic, and diuretic properties. However, the effects of C. officinalis methanol extract (COME) on melanogenesis remain poorly understood. We evaluated the melanogenic capability of COME in melan-a cells, which are immortalized mouse melanocytes. COME increased melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 12.5 μg/mL of COME significantly increased melanin content by 36.1% (p < 0.001) to a level even higher than that (31.6%) of 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, a well-known pigmentation agent. COME also upregulated tyrosinase activity and its messenger RNA and protein expression. In addition, COME upregulated the expression of tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M messenger RNA expression. These results imply that COME may be appropriate for development as a natural product to treat hair graying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ah An
- Major in Public Health, Faculty of Food & Health Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Hwang
- Major in Public Health, Faculty of Food & Health Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Soon Lee
- Department of Beauty Design, Gyongbuk Science College, Gyongbuk, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Major in Public Health, Faculty of Food & Health Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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García-Sevillano M, García-Barrera T, Navarro F, Abril N, Pueyo C, López-Barea J, Gómez-Ariza J. Combination of direct infusion mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry for toxicometabolomic study of red blood cells and serum of mice Mus musculus after mercury exposure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 985:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jiang Y, Zhang WH, Gao F, Zhou GH. Micro-encapsulated sodium butyrate attenuates oxidative stress induced by corticosterone exposure and modulates apoptosis in intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of micro-encapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by dietary corticosterone (CORT) in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens. In total, 120 1-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups and were fed on a control diet (without MSB) or 0.4 g MSB/kg diet. Each treatment had six replicates with five chickens each. From 7 days of age onward, 50% of the chickens in each dietary treatment were subjected to CORT treatment (30 mg/kg of diet). The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that CORT administration decreased (P < 0.001) feed intake and bodyweight gain and increased (P < 0.001) feed to gain ratio (F : G) of broiler chickens. The dietary MSB supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) F : G and there was an interaction between MSB and CORT on F : G (P < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in intestinal mucosa were decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001), and the concentrations of malondialdehyde in the intestinal mucosa were elevated (P < 0.01) by CORT administration. In contrast, treatment of MSB increased (P < 0.01) the catalase activities in duodenal and jejunal mucosa and decreased (P < 0.01) the malondialdehyde concentrations in duodenal mucosa. Higher apoptosis index and lower mRNA expressions of bcl-2 in intestinal epithelial cells were induced (P < 0.05) by CORT treatment. However, MSB decreased (P < 0.05) the apoptosis index and increased the bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that dietary MSB can partially attenuate oxidative stress induced by CORT treatment and inhibit apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in broiler chickens.
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Bandegi AR, Rashidy-Pour A, Vafaei AA, Ghadrdoost B. Protective Effects of Crocus Sativus L. Extract and Crocin against Chronic-Stress Induced Oxidative Damage of Brain, Liver and Kidneys in Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:493-9. [PMID: 25671180 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic stress has been reported to induce oxidative damage of the brain. A few studies have shown that Crocus Sativus L., commonly known as saffron and its active constituent crocin may have a protective effect against oxidative stress. The present work was designed to study the protective effects of saffron extract and crocin on chronic - stress induced oxidative stress damage of the brain, liver and kidneys. METHODS Rats were injected with a daily dose of saffron extract (30 mg/kg, IP) or crocin (30 mg/kg, IP) during a period of 21 days following chronic restraint stress (6 h/day). In order to determine the changes of the oxidative stress parameters following chronic stress, the levels of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA), the total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), as well as antioxidant enzyme activities glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the brain, liver and kidneys tissues after the end of chronic stress. RESULTS In the stressed animals that receiving of saline, levels of MDA, and the activities of GPx, GR, and SOD were significantly higher (P<0.0001) and the TAR capacity were significantly lower than those of the non-stressed animals (P<0.0001). Both saffron extract and crocin were able to reverse these changes in the stressed animals as compared with the control groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These observations indicate that saffron and its active constituent crocin can prevent chronic stress-induced oxidative stress damage of the brain, liver and kidneys and suggest that these substances may be useful against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. ; Laboratory of Endocrine Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Behshid Ghadrdoost
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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St-Louis R, Parmentier C, Grange-Messent V, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Hardin-Pouzet H. Reactive oxygen species are physiological mediators of the noradrenergic signaling pathway in the mouse supraoptic nucleus. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:231-239. [PMID: 24681257 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals are essential for the vasopressin (AVP) response to plasmatic hyperosmolarity. Noradrenergic afferents are the major projections on the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus and stimulate the expression of AVP via a nitric oxide (NO) pathway. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms linking free radicals and noradrenaline (NA)-induced regulation of AVP. Analysis of Tg8 transgenic mice, invalidated for the monoamine oxidase-A gene and with consequently high levels of brain monoamines and AVP in the SON, showed that free radicals are more abundant in their SON than in that of wild-type mice (WT). Antioxidant superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 and catalase enzyme activities were also higher in these mice than in WT. This may explain the observed absence of cytotoxicity that would otherwise be associated with such high level of free radicals. Treatment of Tg8 mice with α-MPT, a blocking agent for NA synthesis, decreased both the production of free radicals and the AVP levels in the SON. Furthermore, incubation of ex vivo slices including the SON with NA increased the production of free radicals and AVP levels in wild-type mice. When NA was associated with α-lipoic acid, an antioxidant blocking the production of free radicals, AVP remained at its control level, indicating that free radicals are required for the effect of NA on the expression of AVP. In slices incubated with SNP, a producer of NO, free radicals and AVP levels increased. When NA was associated with L-NAME (a NO synthase blocker), the levels of free radicals and AVP were the same as in controls. Thus, the noradrenaline-NO pathway, which stimulates the expression of vasopressin, involves free radicals. This study provides further evidence of the physiological importance of free radicals, which should no longer be considered solely as cytotoxic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald St-Louis
- UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1130, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8246, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Parmentier
- UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1130, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8246, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Grange-Messent
- UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1130, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8246, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1130, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8246, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Hardin-Pouzet
- UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1130, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8246, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Ghosal M, Chhetri PK, Ghosh MK, Mandal P. Changes in Antioxidant Activity ofCyphomandra betacea(Cav.) Sendtn. Fruits During Maturation and Senescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.600493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Tapbergenov SO, Zhetpisbaev BA, Ilderbayev OZ, Zhetpisbaeva HS, Olzhayeva RR, Prozor II, Usenova OA, Ilderbayeva GO. Free radical oxidation in rats in the delayed period after combined exposure to dust and radiation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 154:747-9. [PMID: 23658914 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the intensity of free radical processes in organs (liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes of the small intestine, and adrenal glands) and cells (lymphocytes) in the delayed period after combined exposure to a sublethal dose of γ-radiation (6 Gy) and asbestos dust particles. Combined exposure was followed by accumulation of LPO metabolites (diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde) in homogenates of the studied organs and resulted in antioxidant defense failure in experimental animals. Ionizing radiation have a pivotal role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Tapbergenov
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Research Laboratory, State Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
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28
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Apolipoprotein E deficiency and a mouse model of accelerated liver aging. Biogerontology 2013; 14:209-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dragneva G, Korpisalo P, Ylä-Herttuala S. Promoting blood vessel growth in ischemic diseases: challenges in translating preclinical potential into clinical success. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:312-22. [PMID: 23471910 PMCID: PMC3597014 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic therapy, which involves the use of an exogenous stimulus to promote blood vessel growth, is an attractive approach for the treatment of ischemic diseases. It has been shown in animal models that the stimulation of blood vessel growth leads to the growth of the whole vascular tree, improvement of ischemic tissue perfusion and improved muscle aerobic energy metabolism. However, very few positive results have been gained from Phase 2 and 3 clinical angiogenesis trials. Many reasons have been given for the failures of clinical trials, including poor transgene expression (in gene-therapy trials) and instability of the vessels induced by therapy. In this Review, we discuss the selection of preclinical models as one of the main reasons why clinical translation has been unsuccessful thus far. This issue has received little attention, but could have had dramatic implications on the expectations of clinical trials. We highlight crucial differences between human patients and animal models with regards to blood flow and pressure, as well as issues concerning the chronic nature of ischemic diseases in humans. We use these as examples to demonstrate why the results from preclinical trials might have overestimated the efficacy of angiogenic therapies developed to date. We also suggest ways in which currently available animal models of ischemic disease could be improved to better mimic human disease conditions, and offer advice on how to work with existing models to avoid overestimating the efficacy of new angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Dragneva
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Brennan LJ, Haukedal JA, Earle JC, Keddie B, Harris HL. Disruption of redox homeostasis leads to oxidative DNA damage in spermatocytes of Wolbachia-infected Drosophila simulans. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 21:510-520. [PMID: 22831171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interactions between symbiotic bacteria and their animal hosts are, as yet, poorly understood. The most widespread bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, occurs in high density in testes of infected Drosophila simulans and causes cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), a form of male-derived zygotic lethality. Wolbachia grow and divide within host vacuoles that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn stimulate the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes appear to protect the host from ROS-mediated damage, as there is no obvious fitness cost to Drosophila carrying Wolbachia infections. We have now determined that DNA from Wolbachia-infected mosquito Aedes albopictus (Aa23) cells shows a higher amount of the base 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, than DNA from uninfected cells, and that Wolbachia infection in D. simulans is associated with an increase in DNA strand breaks in meiotic spermatocytes. Feeding exogenous antioxidants to male and female D. simulans dramatically increased Wolbachia numbers with no obvious effects on host fitness. These results suggest that ROS-induced DNA damage in sperm nuclei may contribute to the modification characteristic of CI expression in Wolbachia-infected males and that Wolbachia density is sensitive to redox balance in these flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Brennan
- Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Shen M, Lin F, Zhang J, Tang Y, Chen WK, Liu H. Involvement of the up-regulated FoxO1 expression in follicular granulosa cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25727-40. [PMID: 22669940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia is common in female mammalian ovaries, where most follicles undergo degeneration at any stage of growth and development. Oxidative stress gives rise to triggering granulosa cell apoptosis, which has been suggested as a major cause of follicular atresia. However, the underlying mechanism by which the oxidative stress induces follicular atresia remains unclear. FoxO transcription factors are known as critical mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this study, the involvement of FoxO1 in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of mouse follicular granulosa cells (MGCs) was investigated in vivo and in vitro. It was observed that increased apoptotic signals correlated with elevated expression of FoxO1 in MGCs when mice were treated with the oxidant. Correspondingly, the expressions of FoxO1 target genes, such as proapoptotic genes and antioxidative genes, were also up-regulated. In primary cultured MGCs, treatment with H(2)O(2) led to FoxO1 nuclear translocation. Further studies with overexpression and knockdown of FoxO1 demonstrated the critical role of FoxO1 in the induction of MGC apoptosis by oxidative stress. Finally, inactivation of FoxO1 by insulin treatment confirmed that FoxO1 induced by oxidative stress played a pivotal role in up-regulating the expression of downstream apoptosis-related genes in MGCs. Our results suggest that up-regulation of FoxO1 by oxidative stress leads to apoptosis of granulosa cells, which eventually results in follicular atresia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Lu YH, Du CB, Liu JW, Hong W, Wei DZ. Neuroprotective Effects ofHypericum perforatumon Trauma Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in PC12 Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 32:397-405. [PMID: 15344423 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x04002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The standard extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (SEHP), a well-known medicinal plant, are used for the treatment of depression, exhibited upgrading and significant protective effects on the trauma of PC12 cells induced by 200 μM H2O2in a dose-dependent manner within 24-hour treatment. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT method, and in situ cellular hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2)-induced oxidative stress was examined by measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation using CDCFH procedures. Intra- and extra-cellular ROS levels decreased significantly to 71.9% and 50.0% of the control at a moderate concentration of 20 μg/ml, respectively, suggesting that SEHP could easily enter the cells and play important roles in reducing ROS levels. Our results were proved by detection of DNA fragmentation and inspection of cell morphology of PC12 cells. SEHP can obviously block DNA fragmentation and prevent the cells from shrinking and turning round of H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells at concentrations of 10~100 μg/ml. This data suggests SEHP may be a candidate for application in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Institute of New World Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Pereira CV, Nadanaciva S, Oliveira PJ, Will Y. The contribution of oxidative stress to drug-induced organ toxicity and its detection in vitro and in vivo. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:219-37. [PMID: 22248238 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.645536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays the 'redox hypothesis' is based on the fact that thiol/disulfide couples such as glutathione (GSH/GSSG), cysteine (Cys/CySS) and thioredoxin ((Trx-(SH)2/Trx-SS)) are functionally organized in redox circuits controlled by glutathione pools, thioredoxins and other control nodes, and they are not in equilibrium relative to each other. Although ROS can be important intermediates of cellular signaling pathways, disturbances in the normal cellular redox can result in widespread damage to several cell components. Moreover, oxidative stress has been linked to a variety of age-related diseases. In recent years, oxidative stress has also been identified to contribute to drug-induced liver, heart, renal and brain toxicity. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current in vitro and in vivo methods that can be deployed throughout the drug discovery process. In addition, animal models and noninvasive biomarkers are described. EXPERT OPINION Reducing post-market drug withdrawals is essential for all pharmaceutical companies in a time of increased patient welfare and tight budgets. Predictive screens positioned early in the drug discovery process will help to reduce such liabilities. Although new and more efficient assays and models are being developed, the hunt for biomarkers and noninvasive techniques is still in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Pereira
- Pfizer R&D, Compound Safety Prediction-WWMC, Cell Based Assays and Mitochondrial Biology, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Zhang WH, Gao F, Zhu QF, Li C, Jiang Y, Dai SF, Zhou GH. Dietary sodium butyrate alleviates the oxidative stress induced by corticosterone exposure and improves meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2592-9. [PMID: 22010246 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the effects of dietary microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) and acute pre-slaughter stress, mimicked by subcutaneous corticosterone (CORT) administration, on BW, carcass characteristics, muscle antioxidant status, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 120 1-d-old broiler chickens were fed a control diet (without SB) or a 0.4-g microencapsulated SB/kg diet. On 42 d, half of the birds from each treatment were given 1 single subcutaneous injection of CORT (4 mg/kg of BW in corn oil) to mimic acute stress, whereas the other half were injected with the same amount of corn oil (sham control). Three hours later, BW loss was determined and breast meat samples were collected. The results showed that the BW of the CORT-challenged groups lost much more than the sham control group (P < 0.001), whereas it was alleviated by the dietary microencapsulated SB (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the catalase activity was decreased and malondialdehyde level was increased by the stress (P < 0.05), and the microencapsulated-SB diet significantly inhibited this effect (P < 0.05). Lower pH values and higher yellowness values were also observed in CORT-challenged chickens (P < 0.05), and the microencapsulated-SB diet treatment partially exerted a preventive effect. Microencapsulated SB significantly decreased the contents of saturated fatty acids and C18:0 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), and increased C20:0 and C20:4 contents. However, the effect of the stress treatment on fatty acid composition was insignificant (P > 0.05). In addition, diet and stress did not significantly influence carcass characteristics and the chemical composition of breast meat (P > 0.05). These results suggest that microencapsulated SB was favorable for chickens in the presence of stress, which may be partially ascribed to the ability of SB to decrease catabolism and oxidative injury of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Jha R, Rizvi SI. Carbonyl formation in erythrocyte membrane proteins during aging in humans. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011; 155:39-42. [PMID: 21475376 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2011.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that oxidative stress increases with increasing human age. Protein carbonyl accumulation is an indicator of oxidative damage to proteins during aging in cells and tissues. The present study is focused on the relationship between human age and protein oxidation in erythrocyte membranes in a healthy Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included healthy human subjects (n = 49) between the ages of 17 to 80 years. Their blood was collected and assayed spectrophotometrically for oxidative protein damage in terms of protein carbonyls and plasma antioxidant capacity in terms of FRAP. RESULTS Protein carbonyl content was found to increase in an age-related pattern indicating an increase in oxidative protein damage in older subjects (p <0.0001, r = 0.8269). There was also a significant negative correlation between protein oxidation and plasma antioxidant capacity measured in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) values (p<0.0001; r = -0.8695). CONCLUSION Our results substantiate the occurrence of oxidative stress during human aging. Elevated erythrocyte membrane carbonyl levels found with increasing age in this study may be viewed as a biomarker for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Jha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, India
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Kaneria MJ, Bapodara MB, Chanda SV. Effect of Extraction Techniques and Solvents on Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Leaf and Stem. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Maurya PK, Rizvi SI. Age-dependent changes in glutathione-s-transferase: correlation with total plasma antioxidant potential and red cell intracellular glutathione. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:398-400. [PMID: 21966113 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage during aging has been reported in several tissues in different species. Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) can metabolise endogenous and exogenous toxins and carcinogens by catalysing the conjugation of diverse electrophiles with reduced glutathione (GSH). We observe a significant (P < 0.001) increase in plasma GST activity as a function of human age (r = 0.5675). A significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation (r = 0.8979) is observed between GST activity and total plasma antioxidant potential measured as ferric reducing ability of the plasma (FRAP). GST activity and red cell intracellular GSH also show a significant positive correlation (r = 0.7014). We hypothesize that the increased activity of plasma GST is a manifestation of increased generation of ROS and a concomitant decrease in the level of plasma antioxidant capacity during aging.
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Pandey KB, Rizvi SI. Protective effect of resveratrol on markers of oxidative stress in human erythrocytes subjected to in vitro oxidative insult. Phytother Res 2010; 24 Suppl 1:S11-4. [PMID: 19441064 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound found largely in the skin of red grapes. Growing evidence suggests that resveratrol may play an important role in the prevention of many human diseases. Many of the biological actions of this polyphenol have been attributed to its antioxidant properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and membrane sulphydryl groups in erythrocytes subjected to oxidative stress in vitro by incubating with t-BHP (10 microm). The study was aimed to test the efficacy of the antioxidant effect of resveratrol on human erythrocytes. Subjecting erythrocytes to oxidative stress (in vitro) by incubating them with t-BHP (10 microm) caused a significant decrease in the intracellular GSH level and membrane -SH content compared with basal values. Incubation of erythrocytes/membranes with resveratrol (1-100 microm final conc) resulted in significant protection against the t-BHP-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the increase in GSH level and membrane -SH content. It was observed that the effect of resveratrol is dose/concentration and time-dependent. Since resveratrol is naturally present in many fruits and vegetables, a diet rich in resveratrol may provide protection against degenerative diseases.
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Inhibitory effect of bread crust antioxidant pronyl-lysine on two different categories of colonic premalignant lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Eur J Cancer Prev 2010; 18:291-302. [PMID: 19417676 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e32832945a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal malignancies continue to be one of the most frequent and life-threatening diseases throughout the world. Pronyl-lysine, a product obtained from bread crust, is a potent free radical scavenging antioxidant exerting chemopreventive activity by reducing oxidative stress. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pronyl-lysine supplementation on the formation of colonic precancerous lesions, circulatory lipid peroxidation, and enzymic antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups; group 1 was control rats, group 2 received pronyl-lysine (2 mg/kg body weight orally) everyday, rats in groups 3-7 were administered subcutaneous 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 15 consecutive weeks. In addition, group 4 (pre-initiation), 5 (initiation), 6 (post-initiation), and 7 (entire period) received pronyl-lysine (2 mg/kg body weight orally) everyday. At the end of 34 weeks, indicative markers of lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant defense system were measured in circulation. The results showed that 1,2-dimethylhydrazine significantly increased total aberrant crypt foci formation, total number of dysplastic foci, beta-catenin accumulated crypts and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in the colon, and enhanced lipid peroxidation markers and decreased enzymic antioxidant activities in the plasma and erythrocyte lysate as compared with untreated controls. Pronyl-lysine supplementation significantly reversed the changes as compared with the rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine alone. The effect of pronyl-lysine was more pronounced when supplemented throughout the study period (group 7). These findings suggest that pronyl-lysine suppresses 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis effectively.
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Pandey KB, Rizvi SI. Markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and plasma during aging in humans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:2-12. [PMID: 20716923 PMCID: PMC2835884 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.1.10476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable universal biological process, which can be characterized by a general decline in physiological function with the accumulation of diverse adverse changes and increased probability of death. Among several theories, oxidative stress/free radical theory offers the best mechanistic elucidation of the aging process and other age -related phenomenon. In the present paper , we discuss the aging process and have focused on the importance of some reliable markers of oxidative stress which may be used as biomarkers of the aging process.
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Jha R, Rizvi SI. AGE-DEPENDENT DECLINE IN ERYTHROCYTE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY: CORRELATION WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2009; 153:195-8. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2009.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Physical and psychological stressors not only enhance activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, but also cause oxidative damage by inducing an imbalance between the in vivo pro-oxidant and antioxidant status. The involvement of adrenal steroid stress hormones in oxidative damage associated with these stressors has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, this study was designed to probe any direct role of glucocorticoids on induction of oxidative processes by comparing the effects of low, intermediate and high doses of exogenously administered corticosterone, without other applied stressors, on a wide range of key components of the antioxidant defence system. The data presented here indicate a substantial decline in antioxidant defences by actions of corticosterone, evidenced by coordinate decreases in the activities in the brain, liver and heart of free-radical scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and serum urate. Also, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl contents, oxidative stress markers, were found to be significantly increased in brain, liver and heart. The compromised in vivo antioxidant status was strikingly analogous to the deleterious effects of restraint stress, indicating a direct effect of stress hormones on induction of oxidative damage during physical or psychological stress. A dose-dependent decrease of SOD and CAT, and increase in protein oxidation was observed between the high (40 mg/kg) and low (10 mg/kg) doses of corticosterone. The findings have fundamental implications for oxidative stress as a major pathological mechanism in the maladaptation to chronic stress. Thus, the study suggests that stress hormones have a causal role in impacting oxidative processes induced during the adaptive response. This may hold important implications for pharmacological interventions targeting cellular antioxidants as a promising strategy for protecting against oxidative insults in various psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions induced by physical or psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A. M. University, Aligarh, UP, India
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Kell DB. Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:2. [PMID: 19133145 PMCID: PMC2672098 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular 'reactive oxygen species' (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. REVIEW We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation).The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible.This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, since in some circumstances (especially the presence of poorly liganded iron) molecules that are nominally antioxidants can actually act as pro-oxidants. The reduction of redox stress thus requires suitable levels of both antioxidants and effective iron chelators. Some polyphenolic antioxidants may serve both roles.Understanding the exact speciation and liganding of iron in all its states is thus crucial to separating its various pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. Redox stress, innate immunity and pro- (and some anti-)inflammatory cytokines are linked in particular via signalling pathways involving NF-kappaB and p38, with the oxidative roles of iron here seemingly involved upstream of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) reaction. In a number of cases it is possible to identify mechanisms by which ROSs and poorly liganded iron act synergistically and autocatalytically, leading to 'runaway' reactions that are hard to control unless one tackles multiple sites of action simultaneously. Some molecules such as statins and erythropoietin, not traditionally associated with anti-inflammatory activity, do indeed have 'pleiotropic' anti-inflammatory effects that may be of benefit here. CONCLUSION Overall we argue, by synthesising a widely dispersed literature, that the role of poorly liganded iron has been rather underappreciated in the past, and that in combination with peroxide and superoxide its activity underpins the behaviour of a great many physiological processes that degrade over time. Understanding these requires an integrative, systems-level approach that may lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Compounds that confer thermal stress resistance and extended lifespan. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:882-91. [PMID: 18755260 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The observation that long-lived and relatively healthy animals can be obtained by simple genetic manipulation prompts the search for chemical compounds that have similar effects. Since aging is the most important risk factor for many socially and economically important diseases, the discovery of a wide range of chemical modulators of aging in model organisms could prompt new strategies for attacking age-related disease such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders [Collins, J.J., Evason, K., Kornfeld, K., 2006. Pharmacology of delayed aging and extended lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp. Gerontol.; Floyd, R.A., 2006. Nitrones as therapeutics in age-related diseases. Aging Cell 5, 51-57; Gill, M.S., 2006. Endocrine targets for pharmacological intervention in aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 5, 23-30; Hefti, F.F., Bales, R., 2006. Regulatory issues in aging pharmacology. Aging Cell 5, 3-8]. Resistance to multiple types of stress is a common trait in long-lived genetic variants of a number of species; therefore, we have tested compounds that act as stress response mimetics. We have focused on compounds with antioxidant properties and identified those that confer thermal stress resistance in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Some of these compounds (lipoic acid, propyl gallate, trolox and taxifolin) also extend the normal lifespan of this simple invertebrate, consistent with the general model that enhanced stress resistance slows aging.
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Tarnopolsky MA, Safdar A. The potential benefits of creatine and conjugated linoleic acid as adjuncts to resistance training in older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:213-27. [PMID: 18347674 DOI: 10.1139/h07-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human aging is associated with a significant reduction in muscle mass (sarcopenia) resulting in muscle weakness and functional limitations in the elderly. Sarcopenia has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of mtDNA deletions. Resistance training increases muscle strength and size and can increase mitochondrial capacity and decrease oxidative stress in older adults. Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have biological effects that could enhance some of the beneficial effects of resistance training in older adults (i.e., up arrow fat-free mass, down arrow total body fat). We have completed two resistance-training studies with CrM alone and CrM+CLA supplementation in older adults to evaluate the independent effects of exercise and dietary supplements, as well as their interactive effects. Our studies, and several others, have found that CrM enhanced the resistance exercise mediated gains in fat-free mass and strength. More recently, we found that the addition of CLA also lead to a significant reduction of body fat after six months of resistance training in older adults. Older adults have fewer wild-type mtDNA copies and higher amounts of mtDNA deletions as compared with younger adults in mature skeletal muscle; however, these deletions are not seen in the satellite cell-derived myoblast cultures. These findings, and the fact that mtDNA deletions are lower and wild-type mtDNA copy number is higher after resistance training in older adults, suggests that activation of satellite cells secondary to resistance exercise-induced muscle damage can dilute or "shift" the proportion of mtDNA genotype towards that of a younger adult. Recent evidence suggests that CrM supplementation in combination with strength training can enhance satellite cell activation and total myonuclei number per muscle fiber in young men. Future studies are required to determine whether the mitochondrial adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults are further enhanced with CrM supplementation and whether this is due to increased recruitment of satellite cells. It will also be important to determine whether these changes are maintained over a longer time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, HSC-2H26, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Lee YH, Boelsterli UA, Lin Q, Chung MCM. Proteomics profiling of hepatic mitochondria in heterozygous Sod2+/- mice, an animal model of discreet mitochondrial oxidative stress. Proteomics 2008; 8:555-68. [PMID: 18232058 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The heterozygous superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene knockout (Sod2+/-) mouse model has been increasingly used in cardiovascular and age research, neurobiology, and pharmacology/toxicology. These mutant mice exhibit mild oxidant stress in mitochondria but remain clinically inconspicuous. Although the Sod2+/- mouse has been characterized with respect to mitochondrial function and transcript expression of certain individual genes, the effects of the singular loss of the Sod2 allele on the global expression of hepatic mitochondrial proteins remains unknown. We therefore performed a differential analysis of the hepatic mitochondrial proteome from Sod2+/- mice and wild-type mice in order to identify the consequences of partial Sod2 deletion. Using 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) coupled with MALDI-MS/MS, we found approximately 1500 protein spots, of which 57 were differentially expressed (> or =1.5-fold change). Both SOD 1 and 2 were downregulated, but other antioxidant enzymes and related proteins were upregulated (<two-fold). The data indicate that heterozygous Sod2+/- mice exhibit a mild mitochondrial oxidative stress which is partly compensated by the antioxidant defense system linked to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, urea cycle, beta-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The results of this study are compatible with our hypothesis that the Sod2+/- mouse is a suitable animal model for studying clinically silent mitochondrial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yie Hou Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Chehab O, Ouertani M, Souiden Y, Chaieb K, Mahdouani K. Plasma antioxidants and human aging: a study on healthy elderly Tunisian population. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 40:27-37. [PMID: 18327548 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aging has been described by several theories. It was proposed that free radicals are the major factor involved in this process. This gave birth to the free radical theory of aging. This current theory provides the most popular explanation for how aging occurs at the biochemical/molecular level. Ever since 1956, this theory has received widespread attention and a large body of evidence has been accumulated in support of its hypotheses which were subsequently refined. The free radical theory of aging postulates that age-associated reductions in physiological functions are caused by an irreversible accumulation of oxidative alterations to macromolecules. This accumulation increases with age and is associated with the life expectancy of organisms. Moreover, this theory suggests the existence of an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing pathways and (ROS)-scavenging pathways, which is responsible for the generation of oxidative stress syndrome. In this article, we evaluate the antioxidant status in a population of healthy elderly Tunisians in comparison with a group of healthy young Tunisian subjects. This study sets out to investigate the age-related changes in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and in total antioxidant status (TAS) of human plasma. We have concluded that healthy aging is accompanied with a disturbed antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Chehab
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Unit of Research URSAM 03/UR/07-01, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Rizvi SI, Maurya PK. Alterations in antioxidant enzymes during aging in humans. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 37:58-61. [PMID: 17914165 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-007-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stress theory of aging offers the best mechanistic elucidation of the aging phenomenon and other age-related diseases. The susceptibility of an individual depends on the antioxidant status of the body. In humans, the antioxidant system includes a number of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), nonenzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), protein -SH, ascorbic acid, and uric acid, and dietary antioxidants. Antioxidant enzymes form the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species. In an earlier report, we showed that the plasma antioxidant potential in humans decreases as a function of age and that there are compensatory mechanisms operating in the body which are induced to maintain the antioxidant capacity during aging. In the present study, we report the relationship between human aging and antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT; we also correlate the activity of these enzymes with the antioxidant capacity of the plasma. Our results show a significantly higher plasma SOD and CAT activity in older individuals than in younger individuals. The induction in activity of SOD and CAT during human aging may be a compensatory response of the individual to an increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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Pardon MC. Stress and ageing interactions: A paradox in the context of shared etiological and physiopathological processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:251-73. [PMID: 17408561 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gerontology has made considerable progress in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the ageing process and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, ways to improve quality of life in the elderly remain to be elucidated. It is now clear that stress and the ageing process share a number of underlying mechanisms bound in a very close, if not indissociable, relationship. The ageing process is regulated by the factors underlying the ability to adjust to stress, whilst stress has an influence on the life span and the quality of ageing. In addition, the ability to cope with stress in adulthood predicts life expectancy and quality of life at senescence. The ageing process and stress also share several common mechanisms, particularly in relation to the energy factor. Stress consumes energy and ageing may be considered as a cost of the energy expended to deal with the stressors to which the body is exposed throughout its lifetime. This suggests that the ageing process is associated with and/or a consequence of a long-lasting activation of the major stress responsive systems. However, despite common features, the interaction between stress and the ageing process gives rise to some paradoxes. Stress can either diminish or exacerbate the ageing process just as the ageing process can worsen or counter the effects of stress. There has been little attempt to understand how ageing and stress might interact to promote "successful" or pathological ageing. A key factor in this respect is the individual's ability to adapt to stress. Viewed from this angle, the quality of life of aged subjects may be improved through therapy designed to improve the tolerance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Pardon
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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