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Péč MJ, Jurica J, Péčová M, Benko J, Sokol J, Bolek T, Samec M, Hurtová T, Galajda P, Samoš M, Mokáň M. Role of Platelets in Rheumatic Chronic Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:609-619. [PMID: 38016649 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are essential in maintaining blood homeostasis and regulating several inflammatory processes. They constantly interact with immune cells, have immunoregulatory functions, and can affect, through immunologically active substances, endothelium, leukocytes, and other immune response components. In reverse, inflammatory and immune processes can activate platelets, which might be significant in autoimmune disease progression and arising complications. Thus, considering this interplay, targeting platelet activity may represent a new approach to treatment of autoimmune diseases. This review aims to highlight the role of platelets in the pathogenic mechanisms of the most frequent chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases to identify gaps in current knowledge and to provide potential new targets for medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jozef Péč
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jakub Jurica
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Péčová
- Oncology Centre, Teaching Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Hematology and Transfusiology, National Centre of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jakub Benko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Cardiology, Teaching Hospital Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Sokol
- Department of Hematology and Transfusiology, National Centre of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Bolek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Hurtová
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Galajda
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Matej Samoš
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Division of Acute and Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Mid-Slovakian Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases (SÚSCCH, a.s.), Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Mokáň
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Lettieri S, Bertuccio FR, del Frate L, Perrotta F, Corsico AG, Stella GM. The Plastic Interplay between Lung Regeneration Phenomena and Fibrotic Evolution: Current Challenges and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:547. [PMID: 38203718 PMCID: PMC10779349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary disorders characterized by variable degrees of inflammation, interstitial thickening, and fibrosis leading to distortion of the pulmonary architecture and gas exchange impairment. Among them, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) displays the worst prognosis. The only therapeutic options consist of the two antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which limit fibrosis progression but do not reverse the lung damage. The shift of the pathogenetic paradigm from inflammatory disease to epithelium-derived disease has definitively established the primary role of type II alveolar cells, which lose their epithelial phenotype and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype with production of collagen and extracellular matrix (EMC) deposition. Some predisposing environmental and genetic factors (e.g., smoke, pollution, gastroesophageal reflux, variants of telomere and surfactant genes) leading to accelerated senescence set a pro-fibrogentic microenvironment and contribute to the loss of regenerative properties of type II epithelial cells in response to pathogenic noxae. This review provides a complete overview of the different pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the development of IPF. Then, we summarize the currently approved therapies and the main clinical trials ongoing. Finally, we explore the potentialities offered by agents not only interfering with the processes of fibrosis but also restoring the physiological properties of alveolar regeneration, with a particular focus on potentialities and concerns about cell therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whose anti-inflammatory and immunomodulant properties have been exploited in other fibrotic diseases, such as graft versus host disease (GVHD) and COVID-19-related ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lettieri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (F.R.B.); (L.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco R. Bertuccio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (F.R.B.); (L.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia del Frate
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (F.R.B.); (L.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelo G. Corsico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (F.R.B.); (L.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia M. Stella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (F.R.B.); (L.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Li G, Li M, Yu D, Sun W. Effect of high-pathogenicity island (HPI) on TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in mouse model of E. coli strains causing diarrhea in calf. Res Vet Sci 2023; 156:1-6. [PMID: 36706696 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated pathogenic effect of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in mouse model after infecting them with HPI+ and HPI- strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) which were isolated from diarrhea in calves. METHODS Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group, HPI+-infection group and HPI--infection group. After intraperitoneal injection of HPI strains of E. coli (concentration: 3 × 108 cfu/mL) in mice, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents were detected at 12 h post infection. The sections of liver and kidney were obtained for histopathological observations. Propidium iodide and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was used to analyze the cell apoptosis. The immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative real time PCR (q-PCR) were performed for evaluating the protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Collagen I and Smad3. The histological change and PI staining of liver and kidney showed significant injuries. Compared with the control group, the serum ALT and AST activities and TNF-α and IL-6 contents of mice in the HPI+ and HPI- groups were increased, number of apoptotic cells and expression of TGF-β1, Collagen Iand Smad3 were up-regulated after E. coli infection in liver and kidney, which was significantly increased in HPI+-infected compared to HPI-. CONCLUSION The study concludes that E. coli HPI induced and enhanced the over expression of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and ultimately caused pathological anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Maohui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Changchun Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changchun, Jilin 130118,China
| | - Wuwen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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Fan G, Liu J, Wu Z, Li C, Zhang Y. Development and validation of the prognostic model based on autophagy-associated genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049361. [PMID: 36578501 PMCID: PMC9791216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease. Many studies suggest that autophagy may be related to disease progression and prognosis in IPF. However, the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Methods We incorporated 232 autophagy-associated genes (AAGs) and two datasets, GSE28042 and GSE27957, from the GEO database. Univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to construct the autophagy-associated prognostic model. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to investigate the functions of these autophagy-associated genes. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the immune cell infiltration between patients in the high-risk score and low-risk score groups. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to explore the mRNA expression of five genes in the autophagy-associated risk model. Results We constructed a 5-autophagy-associated genes signature based on Univariate Cox analysis and LASSO regression. In our autophagy-associated risk model, IPF patients in the high-risk group demonstrated a poor overall survival rate compared to patients in the low-risk group. For 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates, the AUC predictive value of the AAG signature was 0.670, 0.787, and 0.864, respectively. These results were validated in the GSE27957 cohort, confirming the good prognostic effect of our model. GO and KEGG pathway analyses enriched immune-related pathways between the high-risk and low-risk groups. And there was also a significant difference in immune cell infiltration between two groups. And the results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of FOXO1, IRGM, MYC, and PRKCQ were significantly decreased in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) of IPF patient samples. Conclusion Our study constructed and validated an autophagy-associated risk model based on MYC, MAPK1, IRGM, PRKCQ, and FOXO1. And those five genes may influence the progression of IPF by regulating immune responses and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caiyu Li
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Ying Zhang,
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Liang F, Qin W, Zeng Y, Wang D. Modulation of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases by Gasdermins. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841729. [PMID: 35720396 PMCID: PMC9199384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases are two types of the immune system disorders. Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory cell death, plays an important role in diseases of immune system. The gasdermins belong to a pore-forming protein gene family which are mainly expressed in immune cells, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Gasdermins are regarded as an executor of pyroptosis and have been shown to possess various cellular functions and pathological effects such as pro-inflammatory, immune activation, mediation of tumor, etc. Except for infectious diseases, the vital role of gasdermins in autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and immune-related neoplastic diseases has been proved recently. Therefore, gasdermins have been served as a potential therapeutic target for immune disordered diseases. The review summarizes the basic molecular structure and biological function of gasdermins, mainly discusses their role in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and highlights the recent research on gasdermin family inhibitors so as to provide potential therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weixiao Qin
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilan Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shang F, Wang Y, Ma R, Rong Y, Wang M, Wu Z, Hai E, Pan J, Liang L, Wang Z, Wang R, Su R, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang Y. Screening of microRNA and mRNA related to secondary hair follicle morphogenesis and development and functional analysis in cashmere goats. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:835-848. [PMID: 35488101 PMCID: PMC9550687 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) is a type of endogenous short-chain non-coding RNA with regulatory function found in eukaryotes, which is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular and biological processes. However, the research on the development of cashmere goat secondary hair follicles is still relatively scarce. In this study, small RNA libraries and mRNA libraries of 45 days, 55 days, 65 days, and 75 days of fetal skin of cashmere goats were constructed, and the constructed libraries were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq4000, and the expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in cashmere goat fetal skin were obtained. The differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in six control groups were identified and the qRT-PCR experiment shows that the sequencing results are accurate. Sixty-six miRNAs related to secondary hair follicle development were screened, and used TargetScan and miRanda to predict 33 highly expressed miRNA target genes. At the same time, 664 mRNAs related to the development of secondary hair follicles were screened, and GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. It was found that some miRNA target genes were consistent with the screening results of mRNAs related to secondary hair follicle development and were enriched in Notch signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-145-5p-DLL4, miR-27b-3p-DLL4, miR-30e-5p-DLL4, miR-193b-3p-TGF-β1, miR-181b-5p-NOTCH2, and miR-103-3p-NOTCH2 regulatory network related to the development of secondary hair follicles were constructed and the results of dual-luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that there is a targeted relationship between chi-miR-30e-5p and DLL4, which will provide a basis for molecular mechanism of miRNA-mRNA in the development of the hair follicles in cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Youjun Rong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Erhan Hai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Lili Liang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China.
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Gan C, Zhang Q, Liu H, Wang G, Wang L, Li Y, Tan Z, Yin W, Yao Y, Xie Y, Ouyang L, Yu L, Ye T. Nifuroxazide ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by blocking myofibroblast genesis: a drug repurposing study. Respir Res 2022; 23:32. [PMID: 35172837 PMCID: PMC8848910 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious interstitial lung disease with a complex pathogenesis and high mortality. The development of new drugs is time-consuming and laborious; therefore, research on the new use of old drugs can save time and clinical costs and even avoid serious side effects. Nifuroxazide (NIF) was originally used to treat diarrhoea, but more recently, it has been found to have additional pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumour effects and inhibition of inflammatory diseases related to diabetic nephropathy. However, there are no reports regarding its role in pulmonary fibrosis. Methods The therapeutic effect of NIF on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo was measured by ELISA, hydroxyproline content, H&E and Masson staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. Immune cell content in lung tissue was also analysed by flow cytometry. NIF cytotoxicity was evaluated in NIH/3T3 cells, human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPFs), A549 cells and rat primary lung fibroblasts (RPLFs) using the MTT assay. Finally, an in vitro cell model created by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation was assessed using different experiments (immunofluorescence, western blot and wound migration assay) to evaluate the effects of NIF on the activation of NIH/3T3 and HPF cells and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of A549 cells. Results In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of NIF relieved and reversed pulmonary fibrosis caused by bleomycin (BLM) bronchial instillation. In addition, NIF inhibited the expression of a variety of cellular inflammatory factors and immune cells. Furthermore, NIF suppressed the activation of fibroblasts and EMT of epithelial cells induced by TGF-β1. Most importantly, we used an analytical docking experiment and thermal shift assay to further verify that NIF functions in conjunction with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). Moreover, NIF inhibited the TGF-β/Smad pathway in vitro and decreased the expression of phosphorylated Stat3 in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, we conclude that NIF inhibits and reverses pulmonary fibrosis, and these results support NIF as a viable therapeutic option for IPF treatment. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01946-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Gan
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zui Tan
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenya Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17# 3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Tetramethylpyrazine Retards the Progression and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:1170-1187. [PMID: 35099777 PMCID: PMC8907108 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of more efficacious, non-hormonal therapeutics for endometriosis is still an unmet medical need begging to be fulfilled. Growing evidence indicates that endometriotic lesions are wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair, and, as such, platelets play an important role in lesional progression. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a compound derived from a herb that has been used for thousands of years to combat “blood stasis” in traditional Chinese medicine, is a prescription drug in China for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. We tested the hypothesis that TMP can decelerate lesional progression through arresting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT), and fibrogenesis. We found in our in vitro experiments that TMP treatment suppresses platelet-induced EMT, FMT, cellular contractility, and collagen production in a concentration-dependent manner. We also showed that in a mouse model of endometriosis, treatment with TMP significantly reduced lesion weight and the extent of lesional fibrosis and improved hyperalgesia, mostly likely through the reduction of lesional aggregation of platelets and the lesional expression of markers of EMT, FMT, and fibrogenesis. In light of our results and in view of its excellent safety profiles, TMP appears to be a promising drug candidate for treating endometriosis.
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Liu J, Zhong Y, Liu H, Yang H, Lu P, Shi Y, Wang X, Zheng W, Yu X, Xu Y, Yang B. Oncostatin M sensitizes keratinocytes to UVB-induced inflammation via GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:95-103. [PMID: 34674925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncostatin M (OSM), an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family proinflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in inflammatory skin diseases, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the mechanism of OSM induced pyropotosis in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). METHODS NHEKs and HaCaT cells were treated with OSM. Knockout of OSM receptor (OSMR) with CRISPR/Cas9 system, knockdown of GSDME with small interfering RNA and primary keratinocytes from Osmr-/- and Gsdme-/- mice were used to study the effect of OSMR and GSDME. After treatment of OSM, NHEKs and HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVB. The mRNA was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and RNA sequencing, protein level was detected by Western Blotting, Elisa and immunofluorescence. Cell death was examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing. RESULTS Here we found that OSM induced pyropotosis in NHEKs and HaCaT cells, but knockout of OSMR abolished pyropotosis. RNA sequencing revealed an upregulation of several key genes involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation following OSM treatment, among which NLRP3, GSDME, and IL-1β were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting. Knockdown of GSDME alleviated OSM-induced pyropotosis. Pretreatment of OSM boosted UVB-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in NHEKs and HaCaT cells, and this priming function was lost in keratinocytes of Osmr-/- and Gsdme-/- mice. Similar results were obtained in a 3-dimensional culture of human epidermis. CONCLUSION OSM functions as a priming cytokine to enhance UVB-induced inflammation in keratinocytes, providing insight into the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yadan Zhong
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Shi
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Science & Education, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xu
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yu Y, Wu H, Zhang Q, Ogawa R, Fu S. Emerging insights into the immunological aspects of keloids. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1817-1826. [PMID: 34549462 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A special kind of scar, keloid, sometimes grows huge, disturbing patients in different ways. We discussed the pathogenesis of keloids and found researches about fibroblasts and collagen disorders, with little emphasis on immunity. Coupled with few effective treatments in keloid at present, we have focused on the immunological mechanisms of keloids with an aim to unravel some new therapeutic approaches in the future. In this review, the immunological processes are separately illustrated by the classification of different immune cells. In addition, we also discuss possible reasons for the repeated recurrence of keloids, the phenomenon of cell talks, and inflammation-related signal pathways involved in the pathogenesis of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyiyi Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siqi Fu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Xu Z, Yuan X, Gao Q, Li Y, Li M. Interleukin-38 overexpression prevents bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:391-399. [PMID: 32577797 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of pulmonary disorder with chronic inflammation and excessive collagen deposition, and its etiology is not clear. Interleukin (IL)-38 is a new member of IL-1 family cytokines, but its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not been elucidated. In this study, a lentivirus expressing IL-38 was injected into the nasal cavity of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We found that IL-38 overexpression reduced the body weight loss and improved the survival of mice induced by bleomycin. Furthermore, IL-38 expression attenuated the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis damage induced by bleomycin, decreased the production of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, but increased the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the lungs of bleomycin-challenged mice. Our data suggest that IL-38 may inhibit bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis through its anti-inflammatory effect and regulation of IL-1β/IL-1Ra balance, and IL-38 may be a new strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center, Li Huili Hospital, Jiangnan Road 1111, Ningbo, 315103, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianli Yuan
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoyan Gao
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingcai Li
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Jiao J, Li L, Yao W, Qin W, Hao C, Lu L. Influence of Silica Exposure for Lung Silicosis Rat. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6268091. [PMID: 34938375 PMCID: PMC8687785 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6268091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of silica exposure on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in lung silicosis rat. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal instillation. In the control group, rats were exposed to physiological saline by intratracheal instillation. After 45 days, we compared the level of fibrosis and CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF in the lungs by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between the two groups. RESULTS The results showed that the expression levels of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF mRNA were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The positive staining of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF mRNA was found in the cytoplasm, especially in the silicotic nodules of the hyalinisation section and cell endochylema of the alveolar macrophages, type II pneumonocytes, and lung tracheal epithelium. There were significantly positive correlations between CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF expressions (P < 0.05). A protein-protein interaction analysis showed interactions between TGF-β1, CTGF, and PDGF. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β/CTGF signaling pathway plays an important role in silicosis. Silicon dioxide exposure can induce the expression of CTGF, TGF-β1, and PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiao
- 1Henan Provincial Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Li
- 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- 3School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Qin
- 1Henan Provincial Institute for Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- 3School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- 4Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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PDGFA gene rs9690350 polymorphism increases biliary atresia risk in Chinese children. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:225782. [PMID: 32662506 PMCID: PMC7374268 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a genetic and severe fibro-inflammatory obliterative cholangiopathy of neonates. Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA), as one of participants in liver fibrosis, the overexpression of PDGFA through DNA hypomethylation may lead to the development of BA, but the pathogenesis is still unclear. We conducted a large case-control cohort to investigate the association of genetic variants in PDGFA with BA susceptibility in the Southern Chinese population (506 cases and 1473 controls). We observed that the G allele of rs9690350(G>C) in PDGFA was significantly associated with an increased risk of BA (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.49, P=0.02). Additionally, the rs9690350 G allele increased the risk of non-cystic biliary atresia (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.52, P=0.02) and was a genetic biomarker of severe manifestations after surgery. These findings indicate that the rs9690350 G allele is a PDGFA polymorphism associated with the risk of BA that may confer increased disease susceptibility.
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Singh D, Parihar AK, Patel S, Srivastava S, Diwan P, Singh MR. Scleroderma: An insight into causes, pathogenesis and treatment strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:103-114. [PMID: 31130325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder, characterized by morphological changes in skin followed by visceral organs. The pathogenesis of scleroderma involves immune imbalance and generation of auto antibodies. The major causes of scleroderma include multitude of factors such as immune imbalance, oxidative stress, genetics and environment factors. A constant effort has been made to treat scleroderma through different approaches and necessitates life time administration of drugs for maintenance of a good quality life. It has been reported more in women compared to men. Traditional treatment strategies are restricted by limited therapeutic capability due to associated side effects. Advancement in development of novel drug delivery approaches has opened a newer avenue for efficient therapy. Current review is an effort to reflect scleroderma in provisions of its pathogenesis, causative factors, and therapeutic approaches, with concern to mode of action, pharmacokinetics, marketed products, and side effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India
| | - Arun Ks Parihar
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, Raipur (C.G), 492001, India
| | - Satish Patel
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Prakriti Diwan
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India
| | - Manju R Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G, 492010, India.
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Platelets in Systemic Sclerosis: the Missing Link Connecting Vasculopathy, Autoimmunity, and Fibrosis? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019; 21:15. [PMID: 30830444 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-019-0815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Platelets are no longer recognized solely as cell fragments regulating hemostasis. They have pleiotropic functions and they are linked directly or indirectly with the three cornerstones of systemic sclerosis (SSc): vasculopathy, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the potential role of platelets in the pathogenesis of SSc. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental evidence suggests that vasculopathy, a universal and early finding in SSc, may activate platelets which subsequently release several profibrotic mediators such as serotonin and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Platelets may also cross-react with the endothelium leading to the release of molecules, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), that may trigger fibrosis or sustain vascular damage. Finally, activated platelets express CD40L and provide costimulatory help to B cells, something that may facilitate the breach in immune tolerance. Preclinical studies point to the direction that platelets are actively involved in SSc pathogenesis. Targeting platelets may be an attractive therapeutic approach in SSc.
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Zhang X, Fujii T, Ogata H, Yamasaki R, Masaki K, Cui Y, Matsushita T, Isobe N, Kira JI. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine/growth factor profiles in idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:38-43. [PMID: 30784775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare neurologic disease causing inflammatory fibrous thickening of the brain and spinal dura mater. We investigated the cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profile of HP by measuring 28 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors with a multiplexed fluorescent immunoassay in 8 patients with HP (6 idiopathic, 1 IgG4-related, 1 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related), and 11 with other non-inflammatory neurologic diseases (OND). Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, TNF-α, and CXCL8/IL-8 levels were significantly higher in idiopathic HP (IHP) than OND. Cluster analyses disclosed two major clusters: one mainly consisted of IHP and the other of OND, suggesting a unique cytokine profile in IHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. shu-@neuro.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Ogata
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Katsuhisa Masaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yiwen Cui
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takuya Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurological Therapeutics, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Conti P, Caraffa A, Mastrangelo F, Tettamanti L, Ronconi G, Frydas I, Kritas SK, Theoharides TC. Critical role of inflammatory mast cell in fibrosis: Potential therapeutic effect of IL-37. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12475. [PMID: 30062695 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis involves the activation of inflammatory cells, leading to a decrease in physiological function of the affected organ or tissue. AIMS To update and synthesize relevant information concerning fibrosis into a new hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of fibrosis and propose potential novel therapeutic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was reviewed and relevant information is discussed in the context of the pathogenesis of fibrosis. RESULTS A number of cytokines and their mRNA are involved in the circulatory system and in organs of patients with fibrotic tissues. The profibrotic cytokines are generated by several activated immune cells, including fibroblasts and mast cells (MCs), which are important for tissue inflammatory responses to different types of injury. MC-derived TNF, IL-1, and IL-33 contribute crucially to the initiation of a cascade of the host defence mechanism(s), leading to the fibrosis process. Inhibition of TNF and inflammatory cytokines may slow the progression of fibrosis and improve the pathological status of the affected subject. IL-37 is generated by various types of immune cells and is an IL-1 family member protein. IL-37 is not a receptor antagonist; it binds IL-18 receptor alpha (IL-18Rα) and delivers the inhibitory signal by using TIR8. It has been shown that IL-37 can be protective in inflammation and injury, and inhibits both innate and adaptive immunity. DISCUSSION IL-37 may be useful for suppression of inflammatory diseases induced by inhibiting MyD88-dependent TLR signalling. In addition, IL-37 downregulates NF-κB induced by TLR2 or TLR4 through a mechanism dependent on IL-18Rα. CONCLUSION This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of MC in inflammation and tissue/organ fibrosis, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of IL-37-targeting cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Al Caraffa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Mastrangelo
- Department of Medical Science and Biotechnology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Tettamanti
- Department of Medical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - G Ronconi
- UOS Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - I Frydas
- Faculty of Parasitology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - S K Kritas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T C Theoharides
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Transcriptome changes in muscle of Nellore cows submitted to recovery weight gain under grazing condition. Animal 2018; 13:333-340. [PMID: 29983126 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate transcriptome changes in the muscle tissue of Bos taurus indicus cull cows subjected to recovery weight gain under grazing conditions. In all, 38 Nellore cull cows were divided randomly into two different management groups: (1) Maintenance (MA) and (2) Recovery gain (RG) from weight loss by moderate growth under high forage availability. After slaughter, RNA analysis was performed on the Longissimus thoracis muscle. Semaphorin 4A, solute carrier family 11 member 1, and Ficolin-2 were expressed in the RG, which may indicate an inflammatory response during tissue regrowth. Signaling factors, such as Myostatin, related to fibroblast activation, negative control of satellite cell proliferation in adults and muscle protein synthesis were less abundant in the RG group. The only gene related to anabolic processes that were more abundant in the MA group was related to fat deposition. The genes that were differentially expressed in the experiment showed muscle repair-related changes during RG based on the greater expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses and the lower expression of negative regulators of muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy.
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Jin L, Zeng W, Zhang F, Zhang C, Liang W. Naringenin Ameliorates Acute Inflammation by Regulating Intracellular Cytokine Degradation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3466-3477. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Mattyasovszky SG, Mausbach S, Ritz U, Langendorf E, Wollstädter J, Baranowski A, Drees P, Rommens PM, Hofmann A. Influence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 on human joint capsule myofibroblasts. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1290-1298. [PMID: 27504740 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic joint contracture was reported to be associated with elevated numbers of contractile myofibroblasts (MFs) in the healing capsule. During the physiological healing process, the number of MFs declines; however, in fibroconnective disorders, MFs persist. The manifold interaction of the cytokines regulating the appearance and persistence of MFs in the pathogenesis of joint contracture remains to be elucidated. The objective of our current study was to analyze the impact of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 on functional behavior of MFs. Cells were isolated from human joint capsule specimens and challenged with three different concentrations of IL-4 with or without its neutralizing antibody. MF viability, contractile properties, and the gene expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I were examined. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of IL-4 receptor (R)-alpha (α) on the membrane of cultured MFs. The cytokine IL-4 promoted MF viability and enhanced MF modulated contraction of collagen gels. Moreover, IL-4 intervened in gene expression by up-regulation of α-SMA and collagen type I mRNA. These effects could be specifically lowered by the neutralizing IL-4 antibody. On the basis of our findings we conclude that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 specifically regulates viability and the contractile properties of MFs via up-regulating the gene expression of α-SMA and collagen type I. IL-4 may be a helpful target in developing anti-fibrotic therapeutics for post-traumatic joint contracture in human. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1290-1298, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Mattyasovszky
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mausbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Langendorf
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Wollstädter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Baranowski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Phillipp Drees
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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22
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Stellate Cell Activation and Imbalanced Expression of TGF- β1/TGF- β3 in Acute Autoimmune Liver Lesions Induced by ConA in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2540540. [PMID: 28246592 PMCID: PMC5303577 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2540540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To study the pathogenic feature of liver injury, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and dynamic expression of TGF-β1/TGF-β3 to reveal their role in liver injury induced by ConA. Methods. Mice were randomly divided into control group and ConA treatment group. ConA (20 mg/kg) was injected through vena caudalis in ConA treatment group; the controls received the same volume of saline injection. After injection for 2 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h, animals were terminated. Blood, liver, and spleen were harvested. Liver function and histopathology were studied. α-SMA, vimentin, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3 were detected. Results. After ConA injection, liver damage started to increase. Expression of α-SMA, vimentin, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3 was significantly enhanced; all above indicators reached peak at 8 h; but from 24 h after ConA injection, TGF-β3 expression began to decline, while the TGF-β1/TGF-β3 ratio at 48 h was significantly lower than control. Conclusion. (1) Autoimmune liver injury induced by ConA showed time-based features, in which the most serious liver lesions happened at 8 h after ConA injection. (2) Early activation of HSC and imbalance expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 existed in ConA-induced acute autoimmune liver injury, which may be associated with liver dysfunction and the mechanisms of progression to fibrosis.
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Xia Y, Xia Y, Lv Q, Yue M, Qiao S, Yang Y, Wei Z, Dai Y. Madecassoside ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through promoting the generation of hepatocyte growth factor via PPAR-γ in colon. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1219-35. [PMID: 26750154 PMCID: PMC5341335 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Madecassoside has potent anti-pulmonary fibrosis (PF) effects when administered p.o., despite having extremely low oral bioavailability. Herein, we explored the mechanism of this anti-PF effect with regard to gut hormones. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A PF model was established in mice by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Haematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain were used to assess histological changes in the lung. Quantitative-PCR and Western blot detected mRNA and protein levels, respectively, and cytokines were measured by ELISA. Small interfering RNA was used for gene-silencing. EMSA was applied to detect DNA-binding activity. KEY RESULTS Administration of madecassoside, p.o., but not its main metabolite madecassic acid, exhibited a direct anti-PF effect in mice. However, i.p. madecassoside had no anti-PF effect. Madecassoside increased the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in colon tissues, and HGF receptor antagonists attenuated its anti-PF effect. Madecassoside facilitated the secretion of HGF from colonic epithelial cells by activating the PPAR-γ pathway, as shown by an up-regulation of PPAR-γ mRNA expression, nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity both in vitro and in vivo. Also GW9662, a selective PPAR-γ antagonist, almost completely prevented the madecassoside-induced increased expression of HGF and amelioration of PF. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The potent anti-PF effects induced by p.o. madecassoside in mice are not mediated by its metabolites or itself after absorption into blood. Instead, madecassoside increases the activity of PPAR-γ, which subsequently increases HGF expression in colonic epithelial cells. HGF then enters into the circulation and lung tissue to exert an anti-PF effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
| | - Yu‐Feng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
| | - Qi Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
| | - Meng‐Fan Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
| | - Si‐Miao Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
| | - Yan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
| | - Zhi‐Feng Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
| | - Yue Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Pharmaceutical University24 Tong Jia XiangNanjing210009China
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Russell SB, Smith JC, Huang M, Trupin JS, Williams SM. Pleiotropic Effects of Immune Responses Explain Variation in the Prevalence of Fibroproliferative Diseases. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005568. [PMID: 26540410 PMCID: PMC4634921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases are differentially distributed among human populations. Differential selection on genetic variants in ancestral environments that coincidentally predispose to disease can be an underlying cause of these unequal prevalence patterns. Selected genes may be pleiotropic, affecting multiple phenotypes and resulting in more than one disease or trait. Patterns of pleiotropy may be helpful in understanding the underlying causes of an array of conditions in a population. For example, several fibroproliferative diseases are more prevalent and severe in populations of sub-Saharan ancestry. We propose that this disparity is due to selection for an enhanced Th2 response that confers resistance to helminthic infections, and concurrently increases susceptibility to fibrosis due to the profibrotic action of Th2 cytokines. Many studies on selection of Th2-related genes for host resistance to helminths have been reported, but the pleiotropic impact of this selection on the distribution of fibrotic disorders has not been explicitly investigated. We discuss the disproportionate occurrence of fibroproliferative diseases in individuals of African ancestry and provide evidence that adaptation of the immune system has shaped the genetic structure of these human populations in ways that alter the distribution of multiple fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley B. Russell
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
| | - Joan C. Smith
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Minjun Huang
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Trupin
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
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Johnson ME, Pioli PA, Whitfield ML. Gene expression profiling offers insights into the role of innate immune signaling in SSc. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:501-9. [PMID: 26223504 PMCID: PMC4722533 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and ultimately fibrosis. Progress in understanding disease pathogenesis and developing effective disease treatments has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of SSc heterogeneity. To clarify this, we have used genomic approaches to identify distinct patient subsets based on gene expression patterns in SSc skin and other end-target organs. Here, we review what is known about the gene expression-based subsets in SSc, currently defined as the inflammatory, fibroproliferative, limited, and normal-like subsets. The inflammatory subset of patients is characterized by infiltrating immune cells that include T cells, macrophages, and possibly dendritic cells, although little is known about the mediators these cells secrete and the pathways that govern cell activation. Prior studies have suggested a role for pathogens as a trigger of immune responses in SSc, and recent data have identified viral and mycobiome components as potential environmental triggers. We present a model based on analyses of gene expression data and a review of the literature, which suggests that the gene expression subsets observed in patients possibly represent distinct, interconnected molecular states of disease, to which an innate immune response is central that results in the generation of clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 7400 Remsen, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Patricia A. Pioli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Michael L. Whitfield
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 7400 Remsen, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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26
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Ningyan G, Xu Y, Hongfei S, Jingjing C, Min C. The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in mast cell-stimulated fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122482. [PMID: 25826375 PMCID: PMC4380314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical and translational studies have shown that mast cell plays a pivotal role in multiple fibrotic diseases including scleroderma. However, the lack of mature human mast cell culture model exhibits a major obstacle for further dissection of cytokines and signaling molecules required for mast cell mediated fibrosis in various diseases. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor is a mast cell released pro-inflammatory cytokine which is deregulated in scleroderma patients and is also involved in non-scleroderma related fibrosis. In the current study, we successfully generated a practical and reliable human mast cell culture system with bone marrow CD34+ hematopietic precursors. The derivative mast cell is normal in terms of both morphology and function as manifested by normal degranulation. More importantly, we were able to show mast cell conditioned medium as well as MIF supplementation augments fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. This positive regulatory effect of mast cell conditioned medium can be dampened by MIF antibody. In addition, MIF-knockdown significantly inhibits pro-fibrotic activities of CD34+ hematopietic precursor derived mast cells. These data strongly suggest that mast cell released MIF is required for mast cell mediated fibrogenic activities. The current manuscript seems to be the first mechanistic report showing the significance of MIF in mast cell mediated fibrosis, which may pave the way for the development of potential MIF-targeted therapy for fibrotic diseases to a further extent. Moreover, we strongly believe mast cell culture and differentiation model as well as corresponding genetic manipulation methodology will be helpful in characterizing novel mast cell based therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Ningyan
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi Hongfei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Jingjing
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Min
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Experimentally-derived fibroblast gene signatures identify molecular pathways associated with distinct subsets of systemic sclerosis patients in three independent cohorts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114017. [PMID: 25607805 PMCID: PMC4301872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide expression profiling in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has identified four ‘intrinsic’ subsets of disease (fibroproliferative, inflammatory, limited, and normal-like), each of which shows deregulation of distinct signaling pathways; however, the full set of pathways contributing to this differential gene expression has not been fully elucidated. Here we examine experimentally derived gene expression signatures in dermal fibroblasts for thirteen different signaling pathways implicated in SSc pathogenesis. These data show distinct and overlapping sets of genes induced by each pathway, allowing for a better understanding of the molecular relationship between profibrotic and immune signaling networks. Pathway-specific gene signatures were analyzed across a compendium of microarray datasets consisting of skin biopsies from three independent cohorts representing 80 SSc patients, 4 morphea, and 26 controls. IFNα signaling showed a strong association with early disease, while TGFβ signaling spanned the fibroproliferative and inflammatory subsets, was associated with worse MRSS, and was higher in lesional than non-lesional skin. The fibroproliferative subset was most strongly associated with PDGF signaling, while the inflammatory subset demonstrated strong activation of innate immune pathways including TLR signaling upstream of NF-κB. The limited and normal-like subsets did not show associations with fibrotic and inflammatory mediators such as TGFβ and TNFα. The normal-like subset showed high expression of genes associated with lipid signaling, which was absent in the inflammatory and limited subsets. Together, these data suggest a model by which IFNα is involved in early disease pathology, and disease severity is associated with active TGFβ signaling.
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Mahoney JM, Taroni J, Martyanov V, Wood TA, Greene CS, Pioli PA, Hinchcliff ME, Whitfield ML. Systems level analysis of systemic sclerosis shows a network of immune and profibrotic pathways connected with genetic polymorphisms. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004005. [PMID: 25569146 PMCID: PMC4288710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease characterized by skin and organ fibrosis. The pathogenesis of SSc and its progression are poorly understood. The SSc intrinsic gene expression subsets (inflammatory, fibroproliferative, normal-like, and limited) are observed in multiple clinical cohorts of patients with SSc. Analysis of longitudinal skin biopsies suggests that a patient's subset assignment is stable over 6-12 months. Genetically, SSc is multi-factorial with many genetic risk loci for SSc generally and for specific clinical manifestations. Here we identify the genes consistently associated with the intrinsic subsets across three independent cohorts, show the relationship between these genes using a gene-gene interaction network, and place the genetic risk loci in the context of the intrinsic subsets. To identify gene expression modules common to three independent datasets from three different clinical centers, we developed a consensus clustering procedure based on mutual information of partitions, an information theory concept, and performed a meta-analysis of these genome-wide gene expression datasets. We created a gene-gene interaction network of the conserved molecular features across the intrinsic subsets and analyzed their connections with SSc-associated genetic polymorphisms. The network is composed of distinct, but interconnected, components related to interferon activation, M2 macrophages, adaptive immunity, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell proliferation. The network shows extensive connections between the inflammatory- and fibroproliferative-specific genes. The network also shows connections between these subset-specific genes and 30 SSc-associated polymorphic genes including STAT4, BLK, IRF7, NOTCH4, PLAUR, CSK, IRAK1, and several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. Our analyses suggest that the gene expression changes underlying the SSc subsets may be long-lived, but mechanistically interconnected and related to a patients underlying genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn Taroni
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Viktor Martyanov
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Tammara A. Wood
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Casey S. Greene
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Pioli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Monique E. Hinchcliff
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Whitfield
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hannover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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Zhang L, Fu XH, Yu Y, Shui RH, Li C, Zeng HY, Qiao YL, Ni LY, Wang Q. Treatment with CA-074Me, a Cathepsin B inhibitor, reduces lung interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of polymyositis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:65-77. [PMID: 25384123 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CB) is involved in the turnover of proteins and has various roles in maintaining the normal metabolism of cells. In our recent study, CB is increased in the muscles of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). However, the role of CB in interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been reported. ILD is a frequent complication of PM/DM, which is the leading cause of death in PM/DM. It carries high morbidity and mortality in connective tissue diseases, characterized by an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and induced fibrosis, resulting in respiratory failure. The etiology and pathogenesis of ILD remain incompletely understood. This study investigated whether treatment with CA-074Me, a specific inhibitor of CB, attenuates ILD in PM. CB expression, inflammation, and fibrosis were analyzed in the lung tissues from patients with PM/DM. The animal model of PM was induced in guinea pigs with Coxsackie virus B1 (CVB1). CA-074Me was given 24 h after CVB1 injection for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and lung tissues were collected for the following analysis. Inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis cells, and cytokines were assessed by histological examinations and immunohistochemical analyses, western blot analysis and transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. In patients with PM/DM, the protein levels of CB were significantly elevated in lung tissues compared with healthy controls, which correlated with increases in inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, the expression of CB, inflammation and fibrosis, CD8(+) T cell, CD68(+) cell, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1 infiltrations, and apoptotic cell death were significantly increased in lung tissues of the guinea-pig model of CVB1-induced PM. These changes were attenuated by the administration of CA-074Me. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PM/DM increases CB expression in lung tissues and inhibition of CB reduces ILD in a guinea-pig model of CVB1-induced PM. This finding suggests that CB may be a potential therapeutic target for ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruo-Hong Shui
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu-Lei Qiao
- Department of thoracic surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Ni
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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30
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Winkelmann RR, Yiannias JA, DiCaudo DJ, Trotter SC, Farhey Y, Griffing WL, Martorano LM, Winkelmann JC. Paclitaxel-induced diffuse cutaneous sclerosis: a case with associated esophageal dysmotility, Raynaud's phenomenon, and myositis. Int J Dermatol 2014; 55:97-100. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David J. DiCaudo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Scottsdale AZ USA
| | - Shannon C. Trotter
- Department of Dermatology; The Ohio State University; Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Yolanda Farhey
- Department of Rheumatology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH USA
| | | | - Lisa M. Martorano
- Intern; University Hospitals Richmond Medical Center; Richmond OH USA
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31
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Reese C, Perry B, Heywood J, Bonner M, Visconti RP, Lee R, Hatfield CM, Silver RM, Hoffman S, Tourkina E. Caveolin-1 deficiency may predispose African Americans to systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1909-19. [PMID: 24578173 DOI: 10.1002/art.38572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Although SSc-related ILD is more common and severe in African Americans than in Caucasians, little is known about factors underlying this significant health disparity. The aim of this study was to examine the role that low expression of caveolin-1 might play in susceptibility to ILD among African Americans. METHODS Assays of monocyte migration toward stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were performed using monocytes from Caucasian and African American healthy donors and patients with SSc. For fibrocyte differentiation studies, total peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated on fibronectin-coated plates. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Monocytes from healthy African American donors and those from patients with SSc had low caveolin-1 levels, enhanced migration toward the CXCR4 ligand SDF-1, and enhanced differentiation to fibrocytes. Enhanced migration and differentiation of monocytes from African Americans and patients with SSc appeared to be attributable to the lack of caveolin-1, because restoring caveolin-1 function using a caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide inhibited these processes. Although they differed from monocytes from Caucasians, monocytes from both African Americans and patients with SSc were not identical, because SSc monocytes showed major increases from baseline in ERK, JNK, p38, and Smad2/3 activation, while monocytes from African Americans showed only limited ERK activation and no activation of JNK, p38, or Smad2/3. In contrast, SDF-1 exposure caused no additional ERK activation in SSc monocytes but did cause significant additional activation in monocytes from African Americans. CONCLUSION African Americans may be predisposed to SSc-related ILD due to low baseline caveolin-1 levels in their monocytes, potentially affecting signaling, migration, and fibrocyte differentiation. The monocytes of African Americans may lack caveolin-1 due to high levels of transforming growth factor β in their blood.
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Herzog EL, Mathur A, Tager AM, Feghali-Bostwick C, Schneider F, Varga J. Review: interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: how similar and distinct? Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1967-78. [PMID: 24838199 PMCID: PMC4340472 DOI: 10.1002/art.38702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Herzog
- Erica L. Herzog, MD, Aditi Mathur, MD: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aditi Mathur
- Erica L. Herzog, MD, Aditi Mathur, MD: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Andrew M. Tager, MD: Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | - Frank Schneider
- Frank Schneider, MD: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Varga
- John Varga, MD: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Liu J, Pampillo M, Guo F, Liu S, Cooperman BS, Farrell I, Dahary D, Gan BS, O'Gorman DB, Smilansky Z, Babwah AV, Leask A. Monitoring collagen synthesis in fibroblasts using fluorescently labeled tRNA pairs. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1121-9. [PMID: 24676899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a critical need for techniques that directly monitor protein synthesis within cells isolated from normal and diseased tissue. Fibrotic disease, for which there is no drug treatment, is characterized by the overexpression of collagens. Here, we use a bioinformatics approach to identify a pair of glycine and proline isoacceptor tRNAs as being specific for the decoding of collagen mRNAs, leading to development of a FRET-based approach, dicodon monitoring of protein synthesis (DiCoMPS), that directly monitors the synthesis of collagen. DiCoMPS aimed at detecting collagen synthesis will be helpful in identifying novel anti-fibrotic compounds in cells derived from patients with fibrosis of any etiology, and, suitably adapted, should be widely applicable in monitoring the synthesis of other proteins in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Zaidi AK, Mussarat A, Mishra A. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for eosinophilic esophagitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 11:351-367. [PMID: 25400904 DOI: 10.2217/cpr.14.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently recognized allergic disorder, characterized by eosophageal dysfunction, accumulation of ≥15 eosinophils/high-powered field, eosinophil microabssess, basal cell hyperplasia, extracellular eosinophilic granules in the esophageal epithelial mucosal biopsy and a lack of response to a 8-week proton pump inhibitor treatment. Despite the increased incidences and considerable progress made in understanding EoE pathogenesis, there are limited diagnostic and therapeutic options available for EoE. Currently, the only criterion for diagnosing EoE is repetitive esophageal endoscopic biopsies and histopathological evaluation. Antigen elimination or corticosteroid therapies are effective therapies for EoE but are expensive and have limitations, if continued in the long term. Hence, there is a great necessity for novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers that can easily diagnose EoE and assess effectiveness of therapy. Herein, we have provided an update on key molecules involved in the disease initiation, and progression and proposed novel noninvasive diagnostic molecules and strategies for EoE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa K Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | - Ahad Mussarat
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
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Leach HG, Chrobak I, Han R, Trojanowska M. Endothelial cells recruit macrophages and contribute to a fibrotic milieu in bleomycin lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:1093-101. [PMID: 23885794 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0152oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. One of the most severe complications of SSc involves the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Endothelial cell injury precedes the development of fibrosis, and is believed to be an initiating event. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the role of endothelial cells in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, using a well-established bleomycin (BLM) model of pulmonary fibrosis. Endothelial cells were isolated by cell sorting, and the analysis of gene expression was performed with quantitative RT-PCR. Endothelial injury was induced between the first and second week, as shown by the elevated expression of the vascular injury markers matrix metallopeptidase-12 and von Willebrand factor. After injury, endothelial activation was indicated by the up-regulation of selectins, CCL chemokines, and inflammatory mediators, including complement anaphylatoxin receptors (C3aR and C5aR), oncostatin M, and leukemia inhibitory factor. The endothelial cell overexpression of fibrotic mediators, including connective tissue growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, osteopontin, fibronectin, and fibroblast specific protein-1, was observed in the second and fourth weeks. This study suggests that endothelial cells actively contribute to the disease process via multiple mechanisms, including the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the establishment of a profibrotic environment during the development of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Luzina IG, Kopach P, Lockatell V, Kang PH, Nagarsekar A, Burke AP, Hasday JD, Todd NW, Atamas SP. Interleukin-33 potentiates bleomycin-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:999-1008. [PMID: 23837438 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0093oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain incompletely understood, although recent observations have suggested an important contribution by IL-33. Substantial elevations in IL-33 expression were found in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and scleroderma lung disease, as well as in the bleomycin injury mouse model. Most of the observed IL-33 expression was intracellular and intranuclear, suggesting involvement of the full-length (fl) protein, but not of the proteolytically processed mature IL-33 cytokine. The effects of flIL-33 on mouse lungs were assessed independently and in combination with bleomycin injury, using recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. Bleomycin-induced changes were not affected by gene deficiency of the IL-33 receptor T1/ST2. Combined flIL-33 expression and bleomycin injury exerted a synergistic effect on pulmonary lymphocyte and collagen accumulation, which could be explained by synergistic regulation of the cytokines transforming growth factor-β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein\x{2013}1α, and tumor necrosis factor-α. By contrast, no increase in the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, or IL-13 was evident. Moreover, flIL-33 was found to increase the expression of several heat shock proteins (HSPs) significantly, and in particular HSP70, which is known to be associated with ILD. Thus, flIL-33 is a synergistic proinflammatory and profibrotic regulator that acts by stimulating the expression of several non-Th2 cytokines, and activates the expression of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Luzina
- 1 Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and
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Kang HR, Lee JY, Lee CG. TGF-β1 as a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 1:547-58. [PMID: 24410556 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.1.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a multifunctional molecule that is expressed in an exaggerated fashion during injury, inflammation and repair. Its expression is dysregulated in lung tissues from patients with pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In animal models, introduction of TGF-β1 expression in the lung causes prominent tissue fibrosis and alveolar destruction. On the other hand, the exaggerated production of TGF-β1, an inability to activate TGF-β1 or a block in TGF-β1 signaling have all been associated with the development of emphysematous pulmonary lesions. A number of studies have demonstrated that TGF-β1 is a major player in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. In this review, we discuss how TGF-β1 expression is regulated and mechanistically related to the development of tissue fibrosis and emphysema in experimental animal models and humans. We further highlight potential therapeutic options that control TGF-β1-associated genes or signals to restore extracellular matrix homeostasis in which TGF-β1 plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University School of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Shefler I, Pasmanik-Chor M, Kidron D, Mekori YA, Hershko AY. T cell–derived microvesicles induce mast cell production of IL-24: Relevance to inflammatory skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:217-24.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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O’Meara CP, Armitage CW, Harvie MCG, Timms P, Lycke NY, Beagley KW. Immunization with a MOMP-based vaccine protects mice against a pulmonary Chlamydia challenge and identifies a disconnection between infection and pathology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61962. [PMID: 23613984 PMCID: PMC3628704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is responsible for up to 20% of community acquired pneumonia and can exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. As the majority of infections are either mild or asymptomatic, a vaccine is recognized to have the greatest potential to reduce infection and disease prevalence. Using the C. muridarum mouse model of infection, we immunized animals via the intranasal (IN), sublingual (SL) or transcutaneous (TC) routes, with recombinant chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) combined with adjuvants CTA1-DD or a combination of cholera toxin/CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CT/CpG). Vaccinated animals were challenged IN with C. muridarum and protection against infection and pathology was assessed. SL and TC immunization with MOMP and CT/CpG was the most protective, significantly reducing chlamydial burden in the lungs and preventing weight loss, which was similar to the protection induced by a previous live infection. Unlike a previous infection however, these vaccinations also provided almost complete protection against fibrotic scarring in the lungs. Protection against infection was associated with antigen-specific production of IFNγ, TNFα and IL-17 by splenocytes, however, protection against both infection and pathology required the induction of a similar pro-inflammatory response in the respiratory tract draining lymph nodes. Interestingly, we also identified two contrasting vaccinations capable of preventing infection or pathology individually. Animals IN immunized with MOMP and either adjuvant were protected from infection, but not the pathology. Conversely, animals TC immunized with MOMP and CTA1-DD were protected from pathology, even though the chlamydial burden in this group was equivalent to the unimmunized controls. This suggests that the development of pathology following an IN infection of vaccinated animals was independent of bacterial load and may have been driven instead by the adaptive immune response generated following immunization. This identifies a disconnection between the control of infection and the development of pathology, which may influence the design of future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor P. O’Meara
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles W. Armitage
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marina C. G. Harvie
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nils Y. Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Centre (MIVAC), University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Götaland, Sweden
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Atamas SP, Chapoval SP, Keegan AD. Cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases. F1000 BIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 5:3. [PMID: 23413371 PMCID: PMC3564216 DOI: 10.3410/b5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are small, secreted proteins that control immune responses. Within the lung, they can control host responses to injuries or infection, resulting in clearance of the insult, repair of lung tissue, and return to homeostasis. Problems can arise when this response is over exuberant and/or cytokine production becomes dysregulated. In such cases, chronic and repeated inflammatory reactions and cytokine production can be established, leading to airway remodeling and fibrosis with unintended, maladaptive consequences. In this report, we describe the cytokines and molecular mechanisms behind the pathology observed in three major chronic diseases of the lung: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. Overlapping mechanisms are presented as potential sites for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ; Baltimore VA Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Rullo OJ, Woo JMP, Parsa MF, Hoftman ADC, Maranian P, Elashoff DA, Niewold TB, Grossman JM, Hahn BH, McMahon M, McCurdy DK, Tsao BP. Plasma levels of osteopontin identify patients at risk for organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R18. [PMID: 23343383 PMCID: PMC3672798 DOI: 10.1186/ar4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated as a mediator of Th17 regulation via type I interferon (IFN) receptor signaling and in macrophage activity at sites of tissue repair. This study assessed whether increased circulating plasma OPN (cOPN) precedes development of organ damage in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) and compared it to circulating plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (cNGAL), a predictor of increased SLE disease activity. Methods cOPN and cNGAL were measured in prospectively followed pSLE (n = 42) and adult SLE (aSLE; n = 23) patients and age-matched controls. Time-adjusted cumulative disease activity and disease damage were respectively assessed using adjusted-mean SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (AMS) and SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI). Results Compared to controls, elevated cOPN and cNGAL were observed in pSLE and aSLE. cNGAL preceded worsening SLEDAI by 3-6 months (P = 0.04), but was not associated with increased 6-month AMS. High baseline cOPN, which was associated with high IFNalpha activity and expression of autoantibodies to nucleic acids, positively correlated with 6-month AMS (r = 0.51 and 0.52, P = 0.001 and 0.01 in pSLE and aSLE, respectively) and was associated with SDI increase at 12 months in pSLE (P = 0.001). Risk factors for change in SDI in pSLE were cOPN (OR 7.5, 95% CI [2.9-20], P = 0.03), but not cNGAL, cumulative prednisone, disease duration, immunosuppression use, gender or ancestry using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The area under the curve (AUC) when generating the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) of baseline cOPN sensitivity and specificity for the indication of SLE patients with an increase of SDI over a 12 month period is 0.543 (95% CI 0.347-0.738; positive predictive value 95% and negative predictive value 38%). Conclusion High circulating OPN levels preceded increased cumulative disease activity and organ damage in SLE patients, especially in pSLE, and its value as a predictor of poor outcome should be further validated in large longitudinal cohorts.
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Fontenot AP, Simonian PL. Immunologic lung diseases. Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yeremenko N, Noordenbos T, Cantaert T, van Tok M, van de Sande M, Cañete JD, Tak PP, Baeten D. Disease-specific and inflammation-independent stromal alterations in spondylarthritis synovitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:174-85. [PMID: 22972410 DOI: 10.1002/art.37704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yeremenko
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A modified, natural peptide derived from the antiangiogenic molecule endostatin has the potential to become a breakthrough therapy for organ fibrosis (Yamaguchi et al., this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei P Atamas
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Todd NW, Luzina IG, Atamas SP. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:11. [PMID: 22824096 PMCID: PMC3443459 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling of the lung architecture. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is considered the most common and severe form of the disease, with a median survival of approximately three years and no proven effective therapy. Despite the fact that effective treatments are absent and the precise mechanisms that drive fibrosis in most patients remain incompletely understood, an extensive body of scientific literature regarding pulmonary fibrosis has accumulated over the past 35 years. In this review, we discuss three broad areas which have been explored that may be responsible for the combination of altered lung fibroblasts, loss of alveolar epithelial cells, and excessive accumulation of ECM: inflammation and immune mechanisms, oxidative stress and oxidative signaling, and procoagulant mechanisms. We discuss each of these processes separately to facilitate clarity, but certainly significant interplay will occur amongst these pathways in patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevins W Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Luzina IG, Keegan AD, Heller NM, Rook GAW, Shea-Donohue T, Atamas SP. Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of "alternatives". J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:753-64. [PMID: 22782966 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0412214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of IL-4 have revealed a wealth of information on the diverse roles of this cytokine in homeostatic regulation and disease pathogenesis. Recent data suggest that instead of simple linear regulatory pathways, IL-4 drives regulation that is full of alternatives. In addition to the well-known dichotomous regulation of Th cell differentiation by IL-4, this cytokine is engaged in several other alternative pathways. Its own production involves alternative mRNA splicing, yielding at least two functional isoforms: full-length IL-4, encoded by the IL-4 gene exons 1-4, and IL-4δ2, encoded by exons 1, 3, and 4. The functional effects of these two isoforms are in some ways similar but in other ways quite distinct. When binding to the surface of target cells, IL-4 may differentially engage two different types of receptors. By acting on macrophages, a cell type critically involved in inflammation, IL-4 induces the so-called alternative macrophage activation. In this review, recent advances in understanding these three IL-4-related branch points--alternative splicing of IL-4, differential receptor engagement by IL-4, and differential regulation of macrophage activation by IL-4--are summarized in light of their contributions to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Luzina
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Tourkina E, Hoffman S. Caveolin-1 signaling in lung fibrosis. Open Rheumatol J 2012; 6:116-22. [PMID: 22802909 PMCID: PMC3396359 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901206010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a master regulator of several signaling cascades because it is able to bind to and thereby inhibit members of a variety of kinase families. While associated with caveolae and involved in their generation, caveolin-1 is also present at other sites. A variety of studies have suggested that caveolin-1 may be a useful therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases of the lung and other tissues because in these diseases a low level of caveolin-1 expression is associated with a high level of collagen expression and fibrosis. Reduced caveolin-1 expression is observed not only in the fibroblasts that secrete collagen, but also in epithelial cells and monocytes. This is intriguing because both epithelial cells and monocytes have been suggested to be precursors of fibroblasts. Likely downstream effects of loss of caveolin-1 in fibrosis include activation of TGF-β signaling and upregulation of CXCR4 in monocytes resulting in their enhanced migration into damaged tissue where its ligand CXCL12 is produced. Finally, it may be possible to target caveolin-1 in fibrotic diseases without the use of gene therapy. A caveolin-1 peptide (caveolin-1 scaffolding domain) has been identified that retains the function of the full-length molecule to inhibit kinases and that can be modified by addition of the Antennapedia internalization sequence to allow it to enter cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tourkina
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 912, MSC 637, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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The Efficiency of a Urotensin II Antagonist in an Experimental Lung Fibrosis Model. Inflammation 2011; 35:1138-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a progressive and highly debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular damage of the connective tissue. T cell-derived cytokines have been implicated in the induction of fibrosis. We found that high levels of the profibrotic type-2 cytokine IL-13 are produced by peripheral blood effector CD8(+) T cells from SSc patients compared to normal controls. This abnormality correlates with increased expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 and the extent of skin fibrosis. Together, the data provide new insights into SSc pathogenesis and identify a specific T cell phenotype that can be used as a biomarker of immune dysfunction in patients with SSc and as a novel therapeutic target for this currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1052, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Damazo AS, Sampaio AL, Nakata CM, Flower RJ, Perretti M, Oliani SM. Endogenous annexin A1 counter-regulates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:59. [PMID: 22011168 PMCID: PMC3212807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The balancing functions of pro/anti-inflammatory mediators of the complex innate responses have been investigated in a variety of experimental inflammatory settings. Annexin-A1 (AnxA1) is one mediator of endogenous anti-inflammation, affording regulation of leukocyte trafficking and activation in many contexts, yet its role in lung pathologies has been scarcely investigated, despite being highly expressed in lung cells. Here we have applied the bleomycin lung fibrosis model to AnxA1 null mice over a 21-day time-course, to monitor potential impact of this mediator on the control of the inflammatory and fibrotic phases. Results Analyses in wild-type mice revealed strict spatial and temporal regulation of the Anxa1 gene, e.g. up-regulation in epithelial cells and infiltrated granulocytes at day 7, followed by augmented protein levels in alveolar macrophages by day 21. Absence of AnxA1 caused increases in: i) the degree of inflammation at day 7; and ii) indexes of fibrosis (assessed by deposition of hydroxyproline in the lung) at day 7 and 21. These alterations in AnxA1 null mice were paralleled by augmented TGF-β1, IFN-γ and TNF-α generation compared to wild-type mice. Finally, treatment of wild type animals with an AnxA1 peptido-mimetic, given prophylactically (from day 0 to 21) or therapeutically (from day 14 onward), ameliorated both signs of inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion Collectively these data reveal a pathophysiological relevance for endogenous AnxA1 in lung inflammation and, more importantly, fibrosis, and may open new insights for the pharmacological treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amílcar S Damazo
- Department of Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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