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Krämer J, Wiendl H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in multiple sclerosis: evidence and expectations. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:237-244. [PMID: 38533819 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite availability of high-efficacy therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), many patients experience significant disability worsening due to limited effects of currently available drugs on central nervous system (CNS)-compartmentalized inflammation. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signaling molecule involved in regulation of maturation, survival, migration, and activation of B cells and microglia, which are central players in the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS. Therefore, CNS-penetrant BTK inhibitors may better prevent disease progression by targeting immune cells on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. This review gives an overview on the preliminary results of clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, the efficacy and safety of six BTK inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials in patients with relapsing and progressive MS. Evobrutinib, tolebrutinib and fenebrutinib have shown efficacy and safety in relapsing MS in phase 2 studies, and evobrutinib and tolebrutinib in their extension studies up to 3-5 years. However, evobrutinib failed to distinguish itself from the comparator drug teriflunomide in reduction of relapse rate (primary end point) in two phase 3 studies in relapsing MS. SUMMARY Inhibition of BTK has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to target the CNS-compartmentalized inflammation. Results from phase 3 clinical trials will shed light on differences in efficacy and safety of BTK inhibitors and its potential role in the future MS landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Fares A, Carracedo Uribe C, Martinez D, Rehman T, Silva Rondon C, Sandoval-Sus J. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Recent Updates. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2208. [PMID: 38396884 PMCID: PMC10889086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have revolutionized the landscape for the treatment of hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and, recently, autoimmune disorders. The BTK receptor is expressed in several hematopoietic cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and osteoclasts. Similarly, the BTK receptor is involved in signaling pathways such as chemokine receptor signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and Fc receptor signaling. Due to their unique mechanism, these agents provide a diverse utility in a variety of disease states not limited to the field of malignant hematology and are generally well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amneh Fares
- Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA; (C.C.U.); (D.M.)
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA (J.S.-S.)
| | - Carlos Carracedo Uribe
- Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA; (C.C.U.); (D.M.)
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA (J.S.-S.)
| | - Diana Martinez
- Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA; (C.C.U.); (D.M.)
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA (J.S.-S.)
| | - Tauseef Rehman
- Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA; (C.C.U.); (D.M.)
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA (J.S.-S.)
| | - Carlos Silva Rondon
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA (J.S.-S.)
| | - Jose Sandoval-Sus
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33021, USA (J.S.-S.)
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Lin DYW, Kueffer LE, Juneja P, Wales TE, Engen JR, Andreotti AH. Conformational heterogeneity of the BTK PHTH domain drives multiple regulatory states. eLife 2024; 12:RP89489. [PMID: 38189455 PMCID: PMC10945472 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Full-length Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has been refractory to structural analysis. The nearest full-length structure of BTK to date consists of the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. Precisely how the BTK N-terminal domains (the Pleckstrin homology/Tec homology [PHTH] domain and proline-rich regions [PRR] contain linker) contribute to BTK regulation remains unclear. We have produced crystals of full-length BTK for the first time but despite efforts to stabilize the autoinhibited state, the diffraction data still reveal only the SH3-SH2-kinase core with no electron density visible for the PHTH-PRR segment. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) data of full-length BTK, on the other hand, provide the first view of the PHTH domain within full-length BTK. CryoEM reconstructions support conformational heterogeneity in the PHTH-PRR region wherein the globular PHTH domain adopts a range of states arrayed around the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. On the way to activation, disassembly of the SH3-SH2-kinase core opens a new autoinhibitory site on the kinase domain for PHTH domain binding that is ultimately released upon interaction of PHTH with phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Membrane-induced dimerization activates BTK and we present here a crystal structure of an activation loop swapped BTK kinase domain dimer that likely represents the conformational state leading to trans-autophosphorylation. Together, these data provide the first structural elucidation of full-length BTK and allow a deeper understanding of allosteric control over the BTK kinase domain during distinct stages of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yin-wei Lin
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Lauren E Kueffer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Puneet Juneja
- Cryo-EM Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Amy H Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
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Lin DYW, Kueffer LE, Juneja P, Wales TE, Engen JR, Andreotti AH. Conformational heterogeneity of the BTK PHTH domain drives multiple regulatory states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543453. [PMID: 37786675 PMCID: PMC10541622 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Full-length BTK has been refractory to structural analysis. The nearest full-length structure of BTK to date consists of the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. Precisely how the BTK N-terminal domains (the Pleckstrin homology/Tec homology (PHTH) domain and proline-rich regions (PRR) contain linker) contribute to BTK regulation remains unclear. We have produced crystals of full-length BTK for the first time but despite efforts to stabilize the autoinhibited state, the diffraction data still reveals only the SH3-SH2-kinase core with no electron density visible for the PHTH-PRR segment. CryoEM data of full-length BTK, on the other hand, provide the first view of the PHTH domain within full-length BTK. CryoEM reconstructions support conformational heterogeneity in the PHTH-PRR region wherein the globular PHTH domain adopts a range of states arrayed around the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. On the way to activation, disassembly of the SH3-SH2-kinase core opens a new autoinhibitory site on the kinase domain for PHTH domain binding that is ultimately released upon interaction of PHTH with PIP3. Membrane-induced dimerizationactivates BTK and we present here a crystal structure of an activation loop swapped BTK kinase domain dimer that likely represents the conformational state leading to transautophosphorylation. Together, these data provide the first structural elucidation of full-length BTK and allow a deeper understanding of allosteric control over the BTK kinase domain during distinct stages of activation.
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Ghane Y, Heidari N, Heidari A, Sadeghi S, Goodarzi A. Efficacy and safety of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of pemphigus: A comprehensive literature review and future perspective. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22912. [PMID: 38125430 PMCID: PMC10731063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a protein involved in B-cell-receptor signaling and B-cell proliferation. The pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus disorder, relies on the BTK signaling pathway. Therefore, BTK inhibitors were found to be beneficial alternatives to conventional treatmentsThe current study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of BTK inhibitors in treating pemphigus. A complete search was performed on databases including PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar search engine for studies published by September 20th, 2023. The current review indicates that BTK inhibitors alone or in combination with conventional treatments are promising options in the management of pemphigus. The overall safety profile of BTK inhibitors has been acceptable, and the reported adverse reactions were not severe or life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekta Ghane
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Heidari
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, New York Health System, South Brooklyn Hospital, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Powis G, Meuillet EJ, Indarte M, Booher G, Kirkpatrick L. Pleckstrin Homology [PH] domain, structure, mechanism, and contribution to human disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115024. [PMID: 37399719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleckstrin homology [PH] domain is a structural fold found in more than 250 proteins making it the 11th most common domain in the human proteome. 25% of family members have more than one PH domain and some PH domains are split by one, or several other, protein domains although still folding to give functioning PH domains. We review mechanisms of PH domain activity, the role PH domain mutation plays in human disease including cancer, hyperproliferation, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and infection, and discuss pharmacotherapeutic approaches to regulate PH domain activity for the treatment of human disease. Almost half PH domain family members bind phosphatidylinositols [PIs] that attach the host protein to cell membranes where they interact with other membrane proteins to give signaling complexes or cytoskeleton scaffold platforms. A PH domain in its native state may fold over other protein domains thereby preventing substrate access to a catalytic site or binding with other proteins. The resulting autoinhibition can be released by PI binding to the PH domain, or by protein phosphorylation thus providing fine tuning of the cellular control of PH domain protein activity. For many years the PH domain was thought to be undruggable until high-resolution structures of human PH domains allowed structure-based design of novel inhibitors that selectively bind the PH domain. Allosteric inhibitors of the Akt1 PH domain have already been tested in cancer patients and for proteus syndrome, with several other PH domain inhibitors in preclinical development for treatment of other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Powis
- PHusis Therapeutics Inc., 6019 Folsom Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | - Martin Indarte
- PHusis Therapeutics Inc., 6019 Folsom Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Garrett Booher
- PHusis Therapeutics Inc., 6019 Folsom Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lynn Kirkpatrick
- PHusis Therapeutics Inc., 6019 Folsom Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, Ferrero E, Schmid C, Huck C, Smith P, Tisserand S, Rubert J, Bornancin F, Eichlisberger D, Cenni B. Remibrutinib (LOU064) inhibits neuroinflammation driven by B cells and myeloid cells in preclinical models of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:194. [PMID: 37633912 PMCID: PMC10463946 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key signaling node in B cell receptor (BCR) and Fc receptor (FcR) signaling. BTK inhibitors (BTKi) are an emerging oral treatment option for patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). Remibrutinib (LOU064) is a potent, highly selective covalent BTKi with a promising preclinical and clinical profile for MS and other autoimmune or autoallergic indications. METHODS The efficacy and mechanism of action of remibrutinib was assessed in two different experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models for MS. The impact of remibrutinib on B cell-driven EAE pathology was determined after immunization with human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (HuMOG). The efficacy on myeloid cell and microglia driven neuroinflammation was determined in the RatMOG EAE. In addition, we assessed the relationship of efficacy to BTK occupancy in tissue, ex vivo T cell response, as well as single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in brain and spinal cord tissue. RESULTS Remibrutinib inhibited B cell-dependent HuMOG EAE in dose-dependent manner and strongly reduced neurological symptoms. At the efficacious oral dose of 30 mg/kg, remibrutinib showed strong BTK occupancy in the peripheral immune organs and in the brain of EAE mice. Ex vivo MOG-specific T cell recall response was reduced, but not polyclonal T cell response, indicating absence of non-specific T cell inhibition. Remibrutinib also inhibited RatMOG EAE, suggesting that myeloid cell and microglia inhibition contribute to its efficacy in EAE. Remibrutinib did not reduce B cells, total Ig levels nor MOG-specific antibody response. In brain and spinal cord tissue a clear anti-inflammatory effect in microglia was detected by scRNA-seq. Finally, remibrutinib showed potent inhibition of in vitro immune complex-driven inflammatory response in human microglia. CONCLUSION Remibrutinib inhibited EAE models by a two-pronged mechanism based on inhibition of pathogenic B cell autoreactivity, as well as direct anti-inflammatory effects in microglia. Remibrutinib showed efficacy in both models in absence of direct B cell depletion, broad T cell inhibition or reduction of total Ig levels. These findings support the view that remibrutinib may represent a novel treatment option for patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Ferrero
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Schmid
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Huck
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarah Tisserand
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Rubert
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bruno Cenni
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Cao Y, Lu H, Xu W, Zhong M. Gut microbiota and Sjögren's syndrome: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187906. [PMID: 37383227 PMCID: PMC10299808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The link between the gut microbiota (GM) and Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is well-established and apparent. Whether GM is causally associated with SS is uncertain. Methods The MiBioGen consortium's biggest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (n=13,266) was used as the basis for a two-sample Mendelian randomization study (TSMR). The causal relationship between GM and SS was investigated using the inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted model, MR-PRESSO, and simple model methods. In order to measure the heterogeneity of instrumental variables (IVs), Cochran's Q statistics were utilized. Results The results showed that genus Fusicatenibacter (odds ratio (OR) = 1.418, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.072-1.874, P = 0.0143) and genus Ruminiclostridium9 (OR = 1.677, 95% CI, 1.050-2.678, P = 0.0306) were positively correlated with the risk of SS and family Porphyromonadaceae (OR = 0.651, 95% CI, 0.427-0.994, P = 0.0466), genus Subdoligranulum (OR = 0.685, 95% CI, 0.497-0.945, P = 0.0211), genus Butyricicoccus (OR = 0.674, 95% CI, 0.470-0.967, P = 0.0319) and genus Lachnospiraceae (OR = 0.750, 95% CI, 0.585-0.961, P = 0.0229) were negatively correlated with SS risk using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique. Furthermore, four GM related genes: ARAP3, NMUR1, TEC and SIRPD were significant causally with SS after FDR correction (FDR<0.05). Conclusions This study provides evidence for either positive or negative causal effects of GM composition and its related genes on SS risk. We want to provide novel approaches for continued GM and SS-related research and therapy by elucidating the genetic relationship between GM and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wangzi Xu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Krämer J, Bar-Or A, Turner TJ, Wiendl H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:289-304. [PMID: 37055617 PMCID: PMC10100639 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce both relapses and relapse-associated worsening of disability, which is assumed to be mainly associated with transient infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). However, approved therapies are less effective at slowing disability accumulation in patients with MS, in part owing to their lack of relevant effects on CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, which has been proposed to drive disability. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signalling molecule involved in the regulation of maturation, survival, migration and activation of B cells and microglia. As CNS-compartmentalized B cells and microglia are considered central to the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS, treatment with CNS-penetrant BTK inhibitors might curtail disease progression by targeting immune cells on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Five BTK inhibitors that differ in selectivity, strength of inhibition, binding mechanisms and ability to modulate immune cells within the CNS are currently under investigation in clinical trials as a treatment for MS. This Review describes the role of BTK in various immune cells implicated in MS, provides an overview of preclinical data on BTK inhibitors and discusses the (largely preliminary) data from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Neurotherapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Meena J, Hasija Y. Rare deleterious mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase as biomarkers for ibrutinib-based therapy: an in silico insight. J Mol Model 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 36991253 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer caused by malignant keratinocytes. Multiple studies have shown that protein mutations have a significant impact on the development and progression of cancer, including SCC. We attempted to decode the effect of single amino acid mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) protein in this study. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed on selected deleterious mutations of the BTK protein, revealing that the variants adversely affect the protein, indicating that they may contribute to the prognosis of SCC by making the protein unstable. Then, we investigated the interaction between the protein and its mutants with ibrutinib, a drug designed to treat SCC. Even though the mutations have deleterious effects on protein structure, they bind to ibrutinib similarly to their wild type counterpart. This study demonstrates that the effect of detected missense mutations is unfavorable and can result in function loss, which is severe for SCC, but that ibrutinib-based therapy can still be effective on them, and the mutations can be used as biomarkers for Ibrutinib-based treatment. METHODS Seven different computational techniques were used to compute the effect of SAVs in accordance with the experimental requirements of this study. To understand the differences in protein and mutant dynamics, MD simulation and trajectory analysis, including RMSD, RMSF, PCA, and contact analysis, were performed. The free binding energy and its decomposition for each protein-drug complex were determined using docking, MM-GBSA, MM-PBSA, and interaction analysis (wild and mutants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Yasha Hasija
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Zanubrutinib Effectively Modulates Cancer Resistance by Inhibiting Anthracycline Metabolism and Efflux. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101994. [PMID: 36297430 PMCID: PMC9611657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanubrutinib (ZAN) is a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of some non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In clinical trials, ZAN is often combined with standard anthracycline (ANT) chemotherapy. Although ANTs are generally effective, drug resistance is a crucial obstacle that leads to treatment discontinuation. This study showed that ZAN counteracts ANT resistance by targeting aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. AKR1C3 catalyses the transformation of ANTs to less potent hydroxy-metabolites, whereas transporters decrease the ANT-effective concentrations by pumping them out of the cancer cells. In our experiments, ZAN inhibited the AKR1C3-mediated inactivation of daunorubicin (DAUN) at both the recombinant and cellular levels. In the drug combination experiments, ZAN synergistically sensitised AKR1C3-expressing HCT116 and A549 cells to DAUN treatment. Gene induction studies further confirmed that ZAN did not increase the intracellular level of AKR1C3 mRNA; thus, the drug combination effect is not abolished by enzyme induction. Finally, in accumulation assays, ZAN was found to interfere with the DAUN efflux mediated by the ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 transporters, which might further contribute to the reversal of ANT resistance. In summary, our data provide the rationale for ZAN inclusion in ANT-based therapy and suggest its potential for the treatment of tumours expressing AKR1C3 and/or the above-mentioned ABC transporters.
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Boulund U, Bastos DM, Ferwerda B, van den Born BJ, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Galenkamp H, Levin E, Groen AK, Zwinderman AH, Nieuwdorp M. Gut microbiome associations with host genotype vary across ethnicities and potentially influence cardiometabolic traits. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1464-1480.e6. [PMID: 36099924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in mainly European populations have reported that the gut microbiome composition is associated with the human genome. However, the genotype-microbiome interaction in different ethnicities is largely unknown. We performed a large fecal microbiome genome-wide association study of a single multiethnic cohort, the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort (N = 4,117). Mendelian randomization was performed using the multiethnic Pan-UK Biobank (N = 460,000) to dissect potential causality. We identified ethnicity-specific associations between host genomes and gut microbiota. Certain microbes were associated with genotype in multiple ethnicities. Several of the microbe-associated loci were found to be related to immune functions, interact with glutamate and the mucus layer, or be expressed in the gut or brain. Additionally, we found that gut microbes potentially influence cardiometabolic health factors such as BMI, cholesterol, and blood pressure. This provides insight into the relationship of ethnicity and gut microbiota and into the possible causal effects of gut microbes on cardiometabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Boulund
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diogo M Bastos
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Ferwerda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bert-Jan van den Born
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; HorAIzon BV, 2645 LT Delfgauw, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Liang W, Li K, Zhang Q, Li K, Ai K, Zhang J, Jiao X, Li J, Wei X, Yang J. Interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) may participate in the anti-bacterial immune response of Nile tilapia via regulating T-cell activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:419-426. [PMID: 35779809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) plays a predominant role in the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling cascade to ensure valid T-cell activation and function. Nevertheless, whether it regulates T-cell response of early vertebrates remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the involvement of ITK in the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immune response, and its regulation to T-cell activation in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Both sequence and structure of O. niloticus ITK (OnITK) were remarkably conserved with its homologues from other vertebrates, implying its potential conserved function. OnITK mRNA was extensively expressed in lymphoid-related tissues, and with the relative highest level in peripheral blood. Once Nile tilapia was infected by Edwardsiella piscicida, OnITK in splenic lymphocytes was significantly up-regulated on 7-day post infection at both transcription and translation levels, suggesting that OnITK might involve in the primary adaptive immune response of teleost. Furthermore, upon splenic lymphocytes were stimulated by T-cell specific mitogen PHA, OnITK mRNA and protein levels were dramatically elevated. More importantly, treatment of splenic lymphocytes with specific inhibitor significantly crippled OnITK expression, which in turn impaired the inducible expression of T-cell activation markers IFN-γ, IL-2 and CD122, indicating the critical roles of ITK in regulating T-cell activation of Nile tilapia. Taken together, our results suggest that ITK takes part in the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immunity of tilapia, and is indispensable for T-cell activation of teleost. Our findings thus provide novel evidences for understanding the mechanism regulating T-cell immunity of early vertebrates, as well as the evolution of adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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14
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Moore EK, Strazza M, Mor A. Combination Approaches to Target PD-1 Signaling in Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927265. [PMID: 35911672 PMCID: PMC9330480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the US, accounting for 25% of all deaths nationwide. Immunotherapy techniques bolster the immune cells' ability to target malignant cancer cells and have brought immense improvements in the field of cancer treatments. One important inhibitory protein in T cells, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has become an invaluable target for cancer immunotherapy. While anti-PD-1 antibody therapy is extremely successful in some patients, in others it fails or even causes further complications, including cancer hyper-progression and immune-related adverse events. Along with countless translational studies of the PD-1 signaling pathway, there are currently close to 5,000 clinical trials for antibodies against PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1, around 80% of which investigate combinations with other therapies. Nevertheless, more work is needed to better understand the PD-1 signaling pathway and to facilitate new and improved evidence-based combination strategies. In this work, we consolidate recent discoveries of PD-1 signaling mediators and their therapeutic potential in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. We focus on the phosphatases SHP2 and PTPN2; the kinases ITK, VRK2, GSK-3, and CDK4/6; and the signaling adaptor protein PAG. We discuss their biology both in cancer cells and T cells, with a focus on their role in relation to PD-1 to determine their potential in therapeutic combinations. The literature discussed here was obtained from a search of the published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov with the following key terms: checkpoint inhibition, cancer immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1, SHP2, PTPN2, ITK, VRK2, CDK4/6, GSK-3, and PAG. Together, we find that all of these proteins are logical and promising targets for combination therapy, and that with a deeper mechanistic understanding they have potential to improve the response rate and decrease adverse events when thoughtfully used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Moore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marianne Strazza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Sun SL, Wu SH, Kang JB, Ma YY, Chen L, Cao P, Chang L, Ding N, Xue X, Li NG, Shi ZH. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies for the Development of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors against Resistance. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7415-7437. [PMID: 35594541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant efficacy, one of the major limitations of small-molecule Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) agents is the presence of clinically acquired resistance, which remains a major clinical challenge. This Perspective focuses on medicinal chemistry strategies for the development of BTK small-molecule inhibitors against resistance, including the structure-based design of BTK inhibitors targeting point mutations, e.g., (i) developing noncovalent inhibitors from covalent inhibitors, (ii) avoiding steric hindrance from mutated residues, (iii) making interactions with the mutated residue, (iv) modifying the solvent-accessible region, and (v) developing new scaffolds. Additionally, a comparative analysis of multi-inhibitions of BTK is presented based on cross-comparisons between 2916 unique BTK ligands and 283 other kinases that cover 7108 dual/multiple inhibitions. Finally, targeting the BTK allosteric site and uding proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) as two potential strategies are addressed briefly, while also illustrating the possibilities and challenges to find novel ligands of BTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shi-Han Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji-Bo Kang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Ma
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Chen
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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16
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Ibrutinib in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Current State of Knowledge and Future Directions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081338. [PMID: 35456016 PMCID: PMC9032968 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) is considered crucial in the activation and survival of both physiological and malignant B-cells. In recent years, ibrutinib, an oral BTK inhibitor, became a breakthrough therapy for hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic. However, ibrutinib’s feasibility might not end there. Several other kinases with established involvement with solid malignancies (i.e., EGFR, HER2) have been found to be inhibited by this agent. Recent discoveries indicate that BTK is a potential anti-solid tumor therapy target. Consequently, ibrutinib, a BTK-inhibitor, has been studied as a therapeutic option in solid malignancies. While most preclinical studies indicate ibrutinib to be an effective therapeutic option in some specific indications, such as NSCLC and breast cancer, clinical trials contradict these observations. Nevertheless, while ibrutinib failed as a monotherapy, it might become an interesting part of a multidrug regime: not only has a synergism between ibrutinib and other compounds, such as trametinib or dactolisib, been observed in vitro, but this BTK inhibitor has also been established as a radio- and chemosensitizer. This review aims to describe the milestones in translating BTK inhibitors to solid tumors in order to understand the future potential of this agent better.
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17
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Yin Z, Zou Y, Wang D, Huang X, Xiong S, Cao L, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang N. Regulation of the Tec family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases in cardiovascular disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:119. [PMID: 35296647 PMCID: PMC8927484 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is a type of post-translational modification. Tec kinases, which are a subfamily of non-receptor PTKs, were originally discovered in the hematopoietic system and include five members: Tec, Btk, Itk/Emt/Tsk, Etk/Bmx, and Txk/Rlk. With the progression of modern research, certain members of the Tec family of kinases have been found to be expressed outside the hematopoietic system and are involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. The role of Tec family kinases in cardiovascular disease is receiving increasing attention. Tec kinases are involved in the occurrence and progression of ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, cardiac dysfunction associated with sepsis, atrial fibrillation, myocardial hypertrophy, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and myocardial infarction and post-myocardial. However, no reviews have comprehensively clarified the role of Tec kinases in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, this review summarizes research on the role of Tec kinases in cardiovascular disease, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengjun Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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18
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Identification of transcriptional regulatory network associated with response of host epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23928. [PMID: 34907210 PMCID: PMC8671548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and signaling networks involved in the response of host cells to infection by SARS-CoV-2 is a powerful approach that provides a systems biology view of gene expression programs involved in COVID-19 and may enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies to mitigate the impact of this disease. In this study, our goal was to identify a transcriptional regulatory network that is associated with gene expression changes between samples infected by SARS-CoV-2 and those that are infected by other respiratory viruses to narrow the results on those enriched or specific to SARS-CoV-2. We combined a series of recently developed computational tools to identify transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in the response of epithelial cells to infection by SARS-CoV-2, and particularly regulatory mechanisms that are specific to this virus when compared to other viruses. In addition, using network-guided analyses, we identified kinases associated with this network. The results identified pathways associated with regulation of inflammation (MAPK14) and immunity (BTK, MBX) that may contribute to exacerbate organ damage linked with complications of COVID-19. The regulatory network identified herein reflects a combination of known hits and novel candidate pathways supporting the novel computational pipeline presented herein to quickly narrow down promising avenues of investigation when facing an emerging and novel disease such as COVID-19.
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19
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Ramuthai M, Jeyavijayan S, Jayram ND. Molecular Structure, Spectroscopic Investigation, Docking and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of 7-Methoxycoumarin as anti-Leukemia Agent. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1994430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramuthai
- Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - S. Jeyavijayan
- Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Naidu Dhanpal Jayram
- Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
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20
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García-Merino A. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A New Generation of Promising Agents for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102560. [PMID: 34685540 PMCID: PMC8534278 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), as demonstrated through the success of various B cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical molecule in intracellular signaling from the receptor of B cells and receptors expressed in the cells of the innate immune system. BTK inhibitors may be a non-cell-depleting alternative to B cell modulation. In this review, the structure, signaling, and roles of BTK are reviewed among the different inhibitors assayed in animal models of MS and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Merino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Foundation for Biomedical Research, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Pan B, Yang M, Wei X, Li W, Wang K, Yang M, Lu D, Wang R, Cen B, Xu X. Interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase: a potential prognostic biomarker and tumor microenvironment remodeling indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18620-18644. [PMID: 34282055 PMCID: PMC8351695 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, determining the modulation of TME during HCC progression remains a challenge. Methods: Herein, the stromal score and immune score of HCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Key DEGs were identified based on a protein-protein interaction network and survival analysis. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using primary samples to evaluate key DEGs expression. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to evaluate immune components. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and correlation analysis were carried out to determine the relationship between key DEGs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs). Results: The stromal score, immune score and estimate score correlated significantly with 1-year recurrence-free survival of patients with HCC. Interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) was identified as the most prognostic DEG for patients with HCC. GSEA revealed that genes in the high ITK subgroup were enriched in inflammatory-immunological terms. CIBERSORT analysis identified nine TIC subsets that correlated with ITK expression. Conclusion: We identified ITK as a novel indicator for early post-surgery tumor recurrence and microenvironment remodeling in HCC, providing a potential therapeutic target to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Modan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wangyao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Mengfan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Beini Cen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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22
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Frisch ES, Pretzsch R, Weber MS. A Milestone in Multiple Sclerosis Therapy: Monoclonal Antibodies Against CD20-Yet Progress Continues. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1602-1622. [PMID: 33880738 PMCID: PMC8609066 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, still represents one of the most common causes of persisting disability with an early disease onset. Growing evidence suggests B cells to play a crucial role in its pathogenesis and progression. Over the last decades, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the surface protein CD20 have been intensively studied as a B cell targeting therapy in relapsing MS (RMS) as well as primary progressive MS (PPMS). Pivotal studies on anti-CD20 therapy in RMS showed remarkable clinical and radiological effects, especially on acute inflammation and relapse biology. These results paved the way for further research on the implication of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS. Besides controlling relapse development in RMS, ocrelizumab (OCR) also showed clinical benefits in patients with PPMS and became the first approved drug for this disease course. In this review, we provide an overview of the current anti-CD20 mabs used or tested for the treatment of MS-namely rituximab (RTX), OCR, ofatumumab (OFA), and ublituximab (UB). Besides their effectiveness, we also discuss possible limitations and safety concerns especially in regard to long-term treatment, both for this class of drugs overall as well as for each anti-CD20 mab individually. Additionally, we elucidate to what extent anti-CD20 therapy may alter the function of other immune cells, both directly or indirectly. Finally, we cover the current knowledge on repopulation of CD20+ cells after cessation of anti-CD20 treatment and discuss future aspirations towards alternative, further developed B cell silencing therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Clinical Trials as Topic/methods
- Humans
- Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Frisch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roxanne Pretzsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
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23
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Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Targeting in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115707. [PMID: 34071917 PMCID: PMC8198777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a clonal plasma cell disorder, disrupts the bones’ hematopoiesis and microenvironment homeostasis and ability to mediate an immune response against malignant clones. Despite prominent survival improvement with newer treatment modalities since the 2000s, MM is still considered a non-curable disease. Patients experience disease recurrence episodes with clonal evolution, and with each relapse disease comes back with a more aggressive phenotype. Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) has been a major target for B cell clonal disorders and its role in clonal plasma cell disorders is under active investigation. BTK is a cytosolic kinase which plays a major role in the immune system and its related malignancies. The BTK pathway has been shown to provide survival for malignant clone and multiple myeloma stem cells (MMSCs). BTK also regulates the malignant clones’ interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment. Hence, BTK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for MM patients. In this review, the role of BTK and its signal transduction pathways are outlined in the context of MM.
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Liu SC, Wu YC, Huang CM, Hsieh MS, Huang TY, Huang CS, Hsu TN, Huang MS, Lee WH, Yeh CT, Lin CS. Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma and potential suppression of cancer stemness. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:20. [PMID: 33640903 PMCID: PMC7914253 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires multimodal therapy, including surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). CCRT-resistant and recurrent cancer has a poor prognosis. We investigated the effects of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) on CCRT-resistant OSCC tissues. The effect of ibrutinib, a first-in-class BTK inhibitor, was tested on stem cell-like OSCC tumorspheres. A tissue array was constructed using tissue samples from 70 patients with OSCC. Human OSCC cell lines, SAS, TW2.6 and HSC-3, were examined. Wound healing, Matrigel invasion, and tumorsphere formation assays, as well as immunofluorescence analysis and flow cytometry, were used to investigate the effects of BTK knockdown (shBTK), ibrutinib, cisplatin, and ibrutinib/cisplatin combination on OSCC cells. We demonstrated that BTK was aberrantly highly expressed in the clinical CCRT-resistant OSCC tissue array, which resulted in poor overall survival in our local Tri-Service General Hospital and freely accessible TCGA OSCC cohorts. shBTK significantly downregulated the stemness markers Nanog, CD133, T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in SAS tumorspheres and attenuated OSCC cell migration and colony formation. Ibrutinib reduced the number of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-rich OSCC cells and reduced tumorsphere formation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with ibrutinib or cisplatin monotherapy, the ibrutinib/cisplatin combination significantly reduced the formation of ALDH + OSCC tumorspheres and enhanced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that ibrutinib effectively inhibits the CSCs-like phenotype of OSCC cells through dysregulation of BTK/CD133 signaling. The ibrutinib/cisplatin combination may be considered for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cheng Liu
- grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yang-Che Wu
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Huang
- grid.413593.90000 0004 0573 007XDepartment of Otolaryngology, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shou Hsieh
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Huang
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Huang
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan
| | - Tung-Nien Hsu
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan
| | - Mao-Suan Huang
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan ,grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan ,grid.413051.20000 0004 0444 7352Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, 30015 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114 Taiwan
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25
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McCone JAJ, Somarathne KK, Orme CL, Hewitt RJ, Grant ER, Hall KR, Ackerley DF, La Flamme AC, Harvey JE. Total Synthesis and Bioactivity Studies of Fungal Metabolite (-)-TAN-2483B. Org Lett 2020; 22:9427-9432. [PMID: 33232161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (-)-TAN-2483B, a fungal metabolite possessing a densely functionalized furo[3,4-b]pyran-5-one framework, is achieved in 14 steps from d-mannose. Generation of the 2,6-trans-pyran is by cyclopropane ring expansion followed by α-selective alkynylation. Julia-Kocienski olefination introduces the E-propenyl side chain. Alkyne functionalization and carbonylation stereoselectively establish the bicyclic core of (-)-TAN-2483B. Inhibition of kinases Btk and Bmx, bacterial priority pathogens, and cytokine production in splenocytes indicates promising therapeutic potential.
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Forster M, Liang XJ, Schröder M, Gerstenecker S, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Laufer S, Gehringer M. Discovery of a Novel Class of Covalent Dual Inhibitors Targeting the Protein Kinases BMX and BTK. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9269. [PMID: 33291717 PMCID: PMC7730235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine TEC kinases are key regulators of the immune system and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse hematological malignancies. In contrast to the substantial efforts in inhibitor development for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), specific inhibitors of the other TEC kinases, including the bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X (BMX), remain sparse. Here we present a novel class of dual BMX/BTK inhibitors, which were designed from irreversible inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) 3 targeting a cysteine located within the solvent-exposed front region of the ATP binding pocket. Structure-guided design exploiting the differences in the gatekeeper residues enabled the achievement of high selectivity over JAK3 and certain other kinases harboring a sterically demanding residue at this position. The most active compounds inhibited BMX and BTK with apparent IC50 values in the single digit nanomolar range or below showing moderate selectivity within the TEC family and potent cellular target engagement. These compounds represent an important first step towards selective chemical probes for the protein kinase BMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Julia Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schröder
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Gerstenecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI) and German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Beauchamp E, Yap MC, Iyer A, Perinpanayagam MA, Gamma JM, Vincent KM, Lakshmanan M, Raju A, Tergaonkar V, Tan SY, Lim ST, Dong WF, Postovit LM, Read KD, Gray DW, Wyatt PG, Mackey JR, Berthiaume LG. Targeting N-myristoylation for therapy of B-cell lymphomas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5348. [PMID: 33093447 PMCID: PMC7582192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myristoylation, the N-terminal modification of proteins with the fatty acid myristate, is critical for membrane targeting and cell signaling. Because cancer cells often have increased N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) expression, NMTs were proposed as anti-cancer targets. To systematically investigate this, we performed robotic cancer cell line screens and discovered a marked sensitivity of hematological cancer cell lines, including B-cell lymphomas, to the potent pan-NMT inhibitor PCLX-001. PCLX-001 treatment impacts the global myristoylation of lymphoma cell proteins and inhibits early B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling events critical for survival. In addition to abrogating myristoylation of Src family kinases, PCLX-001 also promotes their degradation and, unexpectedly, that of numerous non-myristoylated BCR effectors including c-Myc, NFκB and P-ERK, leading to cancer cell death in vitro and in xenograft models. Because some treated lymphoma patients experience relapse and die, targeting B-cell lymphomas with a NMT inhibitor potentially provides an additional much needed treatment option for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Beauchamp
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan C Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Iyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Maneka A Perinpanayagam
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada.,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jay M Gamma
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Krista M Vincent
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Mouse Models of Human Cancer Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Anandhkumar Raju
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673.,Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Outram Road, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Wei-Feng Dong
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Lynne M Postovit
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - David W Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - John R Mackey
- Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
| | - Luc G Berthiaume
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, AB, Canada. .,Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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28
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Martin E, Aigrot MS, Grenningloh R, Stankoff B, Lubetzki C, Boschert U, Zalc B. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Promotes Myelin Repair. Brain Plast 2020; 5:123-133. [PMID: 33282676 PMCID: PMC7685672 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). In multiple sclerosis (MS) and related experimental models, microglia have either a pro-inflammatory or a pro-regenerative/pro-remyelinating function. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Tec family of kinases, has been shown to block differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in response to granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro. However, the role of BTK in the CNS is unknown. Methods: Our aim was to investigate the effect of BTK inhibition on myelin repair in ex vivo and in vivo experimental models of demyelination and remyelination. The remyelination effect of a BTK inhibitor (BTKi; BTKi-1) was then investigated in LPC-induced demyelinated cerebellar organotypic slice cultures and metronidazole-induced demyelinated Xenopus MBP-GFP-NTR transgenic tadpoles. Results: Cellular detection of BTK and its activated form BTK-phospho-Y223 (p-BTK) was determined by immunohistochemistry in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, before and after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced demyelination. A low BTK signal detected by immunolabeling under normal conditions in cerebellar slices was in sharp contrast to an 8.5-fold increase in the number of BTK-positive cells observed in LPC-demyelinated slice cultures. Under both conditions, approximately 75% of cells expressing BTK and p-BTK were microglia and 25% were astrocytes. Compared with spontaneous recovery, treatment of demyelinated slice cultures and MTZ-demyelinated transgenic tadpoles with BTKi resulted in at least a 1.7-fold improvement of remyelination. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that BTK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Martin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States (a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ursula Boschert
- Ares Trading S.A. an affiliate of Merck Serono S.A., Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Zalc
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
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29
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Torke S, Weber MS. Inhibition of Bruton´s tyrosine kinase as a novel therapeutic approach in multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1807934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S. Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Catlett IM, Nowak M, Kundu S, Zheng N, Liu A, He B, Girgis IG, Grasela DM. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib (BMS-986195), a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase: Randomised phase I, placebo-controlled trial in healthy participants. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1849-1859. [PMID: 32198939 PMCID: PMC7444767 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Branebrutinib (BMS‐986195) is a potent, highly selective, oral, small‐molecule, covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib in healthy participants. Methods This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐ascending dose (SAD; MAD) Phase I study (NCT02705989) enrolled participants into 3 parts: SAD, MAD and JMAD (MAD in first‐generation Japanese participants). In each part, participants were randomised 3:1 to receive branebrutinib (SAD: 0.3–30 mg; [J]MAD: 0.3–10 mg) or placebo. Participants in the MAD parts received branebrutinib daily for 14 days and were followed for 14 days postdosing. Safety was assessed by monitoring, laboratory and physical examinations, vital signs, and recording adverse events (AEs). Pharmacodynamics were assessed with a mass spectrometry assay that measured drug‐occupied and free BTK. Results The SAD, MAD and JMAD parts of the study included 40, 32 and 24 participants. Branebrutinib was well tolerated and AEs were mild/moderate, except for 1 serious AE that led to discontinuation. Branebrutinib was rapidly absorbed, with maximum plasma concentration occurring within 1 hour and a half‐life of 1.2—1.7 hours, dropping to undetectable levels within 24 hours. BTK occupancy was rapid, with 100% occupancy reached after a single 10‐mg dose. BTK occupancy decayed predictably over time (mean half‐life in MAD panels: 115–154 hours), such that pharmacodynamic effects were maintained after branebrutinib plasma levels fell below the lower limit of quantification. Conclusion Rapid and high occupancy of BTK and the lack of notable safety findings support further clinical development of branebrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ang Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bing He
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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31
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Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of indolylindazoles as potent and selective covalent inhibitors of interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111918. [PMID: 31830635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, plays an important role in T cell signaling downstream of the T-cell receptor (TCR). Herein we report the discovery of a series of indolylindazole based covalent ITK inhibitors with nanomolar inhibitory potency against ITK, good kinase selectivity and potent inhibition of the phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and ERK1/2 in living cells. A computational study provided insight into the interactions between inhibitors and Phe437 at the ATP binding pocket of ITK, suggesting that both edge-to-face π-π interaction and the dihedral torsion angle contribute to inhibitors' potency. Compounds 43 and 55 stood out as selective covalent inhibitors with potent cellular activity, which could be used as chemical tools for further study of ITK functions.
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32
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Zhu D, Zhang M, Gao C, Shen J. Protein trafficking in plant cells: Tools and markers. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 63:343-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Pulz R, Angst D, Dawson J, Gessier F, Gutmann S, Hersperger R, Hinniger A, Janser P, Koch G, Revesz L, Vulpetti A, Waelchli R, Zimmerlin A, Cenni B. Design of Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitors of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Targeting an Inactive Conformation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1467-1472. [PMID: 31620235 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC kinase family and is selectively expressed in a subset of immune cells. It is a key regulator of antigen receptor signaling in B cells and of Fc receptor signaling in mast cells and macrophages. A BTK inhibitor will likely have a positive impact on autoimmune diseases which are caused by autoreactive B cells and immune-complex driven inflammation. We report the design, optimization, and characterization of potent and selective covalent BTK inhibitors. Starting from the selective reversible inhibitor 3 binding to an inactive conformation of BTK, we designed covalent irreversible compounds by attaching an electrophilic warhead to reach Cys481. The first prototype 4 covalently modified BTK and showed an excellent kinase selectivity including several Cys-containing kinases, validating the design concept. In addition, this compound blocked FcγR-mediated hypersensitivity in vivo. Optimization of whole blood potency and metabolic stability resulted in compounds such as 8, which maintained the excellent kinase selectivity and showed improved BTK occupancy in vivo.
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34
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Drug resistance in papillary RCC: from putative mechanisms to clinical practicalities. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:655-673. [PMID: 31602010 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype and accounts for 10-15% of all RCCs. Despite clinical need, few pharmacogenomics studies in pRCC have been performed. Moreover, current research fails to adequately include pRCC laboratory models, such as the ACHN or Caki-2 pRCC cell lines. The molecular mechanisms involved in pRCC development and drug resistance are more diverse than in clear-cell RCC, in which inactivation of VHL occurs in the majority of tumours. Drug resistance to multiple therapies in pRCC occurs via genetic alteration (such as mutations resulting in abnormal receptor tyrosine kinase activation or RALBP1 inhibition), dysregulation of signalling pathways (such as GSK3β-EIF4EBP1, PI3K-AKT and the MAPK or interleukin signalling pathways), deregulation of cellular processes (such as resistance to apoptosis or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and interactions between the cell and its environment (for example, through activation of matrix metalloproteinases). Improved understanding of resistance mechanisms will facilitate drug discovery and provide new effective therapies. Further studies on novel resistance biomarkers are needed to improve patient prognosis and stratification as well as drug development.
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Bruton's tyrosine kinase is at the crossroads of metabolic adaptation in primary malignant human lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11069. [PMID: 31363127 PMCID: PMC6667467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we explored metabolic aspects of human primary leukemic lymphocytes that hold a potential impact on the treatment of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK)-driven diseases. Our results suggest that there is crosstalk between Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) signaling and bioenergetic stress responses. In primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes, pharmacological interference with mitochondrial ATP synthesis or glucose metabolism affects BTK activity. Conversely, an inhibitor of BTK used clinically (ibrutinib) induces bioenergetic stress responses that in turn affect ibrutinib resistance. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms are still to be defined, our work shows for the first time that in primary B cells, metabolic stressors enhance BTK signaling and suggest that metabolic rewiring to hyperglycemia affects ibrutinib resistance in TP53 deficient chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes.
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Eades CP, Armstrong-James DPH. Invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host: Mechanistic insights in an era of changing immunotherapeutics. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S307-S317. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe use of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant and inflammatory disorders is beset by considerable adverse effects related to nonspecific cytotoxicity. Accordingly, a mechanistic approach to therapeutics has evolved in recent times with small molecular inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis being developed for clinical use, some with unparalleled efficacy and tolerability. Nevertheless, there are emerging concerns regarding an association with certain small molecular inhibitors and opportunistic infections, including invasive fungal diseases. This is perhaps unsurprising, given that the molecular targets of such agents play fundamental and multifaceted roles in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. Nevertheless, some small molecular inhibitors appear to possess intrinsic antifungal activity and may therefore represent novel therapeutic options in future. This is particularly important given that antifungal resistance is a significant, emerging concern. This paper is a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in the molecular immunology to fungal pathogens as applied to existing and emerging small molecular inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Eades
- Department of Clinical Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Darius P H Armstrong-James
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Basile D, Gerratana L, Buonadonna A, Garattini SK, Perin T, Grassilli E, Miolo G, Cerrito MG, Belluco C, Bertola G, De Paoli A, Cannizzaro R, Lavitrano M, Puglisi F, Canzonieri V. Role of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in Stage III Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E880. [PMID: 31238520 PMCID: PMC6627163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is involved in the immune response and its deficiency impairs B cell maturation. We evaluated the expression of a novel BTK isoform, p65BTK, in colorectal cancer (CRC), to identify its impact on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study evaluated 87 consecutive stage III CRC patients treated at the National Cancer Institute of Aviano (1999-2017). Multiple specimens were collected and analyzed for staining intensity and percentage of tumor cells positive for p65BTK. Prognostic impact was tested by univariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 82.59 months, median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11.67 months and 31.33 months, respectively. Interestingly, 10% of patients did not express p65BTK. For the immunohistochemistry IHC intensity 1, the best cutoff point was 1% of p65BTK positivity; for IHC intensity 2, it was 50%; and for IHC intensity 3, it was 80%. Through univariate analysis, patients with highly expressed p65BTK (IHC intensity 3 and ≥80%) were shown to have the worst prognosis in terms of DFS (HR: 6.23; p = 0.005; 95% C.I. 1.75-22.79) and OS (HR: 2.54; p = 0.025; 95% C.I. 1.12-5.76). CONCLUSIONS p65BTK is frequently expressed in CRC and, if highly expressed, is an unfavourable prognostic factor. However, further confirmation is needed and its potential targeting needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Basile
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine (UD), Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine (UD), Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Silvio Ken Garattini
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine (UD), Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- CRO Biobank IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 33081 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 33081 Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Belluco
- Surgical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Giulio Bertola
- Surgical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Antonino De Paoli
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Division of Oncological Gastroenterology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 33081 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine (UD), Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- CRO Biobank IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste School of Medicine, 34100 Trieste (TS), Italy.
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Solouki S, August A, Huang W. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in autoimmunity and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:39-50. [PMID: 31082431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by impaired immune tolerance towards self-antigens, leading to enhanced immunity to self by dysfunctional B cells and/or T cells. The activation of these cells is controlled by non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs), which are critical mediators of antigen receptor and cytokine receptor signaling pathways. NRTKs transduce, amplify and sustain activating signals that contribute to autoimmunity, and are counter-regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). The function of and interaction between NRTKs and PTPs during the development of autoimmunity could be key points of therapeutic interference against autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the functions of NRTKs and PTPs involved in B cell receptor (BCR), T cell receptor (TCR), and cytokine receptor signaling pathways that contribute to autoimmunity, and discuss their targeting for therapeutic approaches against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Solouki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Deng L, Ping L, Shi Y, Zheng W, Lin N, Wang X, Tu M, Xie Y, Liu W, Ying Z, Zhang C, Pan Z, Wang X, Ding N, Song Y, Zhu J. ITK inhibition induced in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity through downregulating TCR signaling pathway in malignant T cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 30814910 PMCID: PMC6376795 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is a distinct subtype of peripheral T cell lymphoma and associated with poor outcomes. The activation status of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling has recently become a focus of attention in terms of the therapeutic targets. However, the molecular pathogenesis mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets are largely unknown. Methods Antibodies specific to phosphorylated ZAP70, ITK and PLCγ1 were used to identify the activation status of intracellular proteins involved in TCR signaling in AITL patients. Malignant T cell lymphoma cells were transduced with a lentiviral construct containing ITK shRNA for cellular and functional assays. The antitumor effects of the selective ITK inhibitor BMS-509744 were determined in vitro and in vivo. Results Immunohistochemistry staining showed that more than half of the AITL patients (n = 38) exhibited continuously activated intracellular TCR signaling pathway. Patients positive for phosphorylated ITK showed a lower rate of complete response (20% vs. 75%, P = 0.004) and a shorter progression-free survival (5.17 months vs. 25.1 months, P = 0.022) than patients negative for phosphorylated ITK. Genetic and pharmacological cellular ITK inhibition significantly compromised the proliferation, invasion and migration of malignant T cells. The selective ITK inhibitor BMS-509744 also induced the pro-apoptotic effects and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. Finally, inhibition of ITK synergistically enhanced the antitumor effect of vincristine and doxorubicin on malignant T cell lymphoma cell lines. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ITK may be a novel candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with ITK-expressing malignant T-cell lymphomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0754-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogan Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Ping
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Shi
- 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zheng
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjing Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Tu
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Ying
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- 3Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Lishui Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- 4Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xisitoutiao Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069 People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ding
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Song
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- 1Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142 People's Republic of China
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Shah NH, Amacher JF, Nocka LM, Kuriyan J. The Src module: an ancient scaffold in the evolution of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:535-563. [PMID: 30183386 PMCID: PMC6328253 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1495173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases were first discovered as the protein products of viral oncogenes. We now know that this large family of metazoan enzymes includes nearly one hundred structurally diverse members. Tyrosine kinases are broadly classified into two groups: the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, which sense extracellular stimuli, and the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, which contain modular ligand-binding domains and propagate intracellular signals. Several families of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases have in common a core architecture, the "Src module," composed of a Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain, a Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain, and a kinase domain. Each of these families is defined by additional elaborations on this core architecture. Structural, functional, and evolutionary studies have revealed a unifying set of principles underlying the activity and regulation of tyrosine kinases built on the Src module. The discovery of these conserved properties has shaped our knowledge of the workings of protein kinases in general, and it has had important implications for our understanding of kinase dysregulation in disease and the development of effective kinase-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel H. Shah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeanine F. Amacher
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura M. Nocka
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John Kuriyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Mahé J, de Campaigno EP, Chené AL, Montastruc JL, Despas F, Jolliet P. Pleural adverse drugs reactions and protein kinase inhibitors: Identification of suspicious targets by disproportionality analysis from VigiBase. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2373-2383. [PMID: 29943846 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the risk of pleural disorders (PD) associated with 33 protein kinase (PK) inhibitors (PKIs) through a disproportionality analysis and to identify which PKs and pathways are involved in PKI-induced PD. METHODS To evaluate the risk of PD, reporting odds ratios (RORs) were calculated for 33 PKIs through data registered in the World Health Organization safety report database (VigiBase). We undertook a literature review to identify PKs that were possibly involved in PD caused by PKIs. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between RORs and affinity data of 19 PKIs were calculated to identify the cellular target most likely to be involved in PKI-induced PD. RESULTS A total of 235 110 individual case safety reports were extracted from the database for 33 available PKIs. Among these reports, 5001 concerned PD (2.1%). Significant and positive disproportionality for PD was found for 29 of 33 PKI included in our study with top values for dasatinib [ROR = 115.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 110.1-120.8], bosutinib (ROR = 20.4; 95% CI: 15.8-26.4) and ponatinib (ROR = 12; 95% CI: 9.2-15.6). Correlation analyses between the product of dissociation constant and ROR highlighted possibly Lyn involvement in PD with PKI (r = 0.73, P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that 28 of the 33 tested PKIs were associated with PD. Besides, the study highlighted the role of Lyn in PD caused by PKIs through an immune-mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mahé
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Patras de Campaigno
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,UMR1027, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Montastruc
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,UMR1027, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Centre Midi-Pyrénées de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Despas
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,UMR1027, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,INSERM CIC 1436 Toulouse, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Toulouse, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Jolliet
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,UMR INSERM 1246 - SPHERE MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch
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Wang F, Zhang W, Wang C, Fang X, Cheng H, Liu S, Chen XL. Inhibitor of Tec kinase, LFM-A13, decreases pro-inflammatory mediators production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34099-34110. [PMID: 28415764 PMCID: PMC5470954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tec kinase, a prototypical member of the Tec tyrosine kinases family, was shown to mainly govern lymphocyte proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the role of Tec kinase in acute inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. First, we demonstrate that Tec kinase activity was observed in RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to LPS. Tec and phosphorylated Tec expression were upregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner after LPS stimulation. LPS increased monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 secretion and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression, and increasing mRNA expression was consistently observed. LPS also induced IκBα phoshporylaytion and its degradation, increased NF-κB p65 phoshporylaytion and translocation to nuclei in RAW264.7 cells. Pretreatment with LFM-A13 decreased LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines production and mRNA levels, blocked NF-κB transactivation. These effects of LPS were also prevented by Tec-siRNA. Additionally, LFM-A13 or Tec-siRNA obviously inhibited LPS-induced TGFβ-activated kinase 1(TAK1) phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that Tec kinase involves in acute inflammation process in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, at least mediated by activating TAK1/ NF-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Achkar IW, Kuttikrishnan S, Shyam S, Khan AQ, Merhi M, Dermime S, Uddin S. Role of Non Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Hematological Malignances and its Targeting by Natural Products. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:31. [PMID: 29455667 PMCID: PMC5817858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases belong to a family of enzymes that mediate the movement of the phosphate group to tyrosine residues of target protein, thus transmitting signals from the cell surface to cytoplasmic proteins and the nucleus to regulate physiological processes. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK) are a sub-group of tyrosine kinases, which can relay intracellular signals originating from extracellular receptor. NRTKs can regulate a huge array of cellular functions such as cell survival, division/propagation and adhesion, gene expression, immune response, etc. NRTKs exhibit considerable variability in their structural make up, having a shared kinase domain and commonly possessing many other domains such as SH2, SH3 which are protein-protein interacting domains. Recent studies show that NRTKs are mutated in several hematological malignancies, including lymphomas, leukemias and myelomas, leading to aberrant activation. It can be due to point mutations which are intragenic changes or by fusion of genes leading to chromosome translocation. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activity result in the formation of oncogenes, such as Abl, Fes, Src, etc. Therefore, specific kinase inhibitors have been sought after to target mutated kinases. A number of compounds have since been discovered, which have shown to inhibit the activity of NRTKs, which are remarkably well tolerated. This review covers the role of various NRTKs in the development of hematological cancers, including their deregulation, genetic alterations, aberrant activation and associated mutations. In addition, it also looks at the recent advances in the development of novel natural compounds that can target NRTKs and perhaps in combination with other forms of therapy can show great promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Sunitha Shyam
- Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, State of Qatar.
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Molina-Cerrillo J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Gajate P, Grande E. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a promising target in solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 2017. [PMID: 28641100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor intracellular kinase that belongs to the TEC-family tyrosine kinases together with bone marrow-expressed kinase (BMX), redundant-resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK), and IL-2 inducible T-Cell kinase (ITK). All these proteins play a key role in the intracellular signaling of both B and T lymphocytes. Recently, some preclinical data have demonstrated that BTK is present in certain tumor subtypes and in other relevant cells that are contributing to the tumor microenvironment such as dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and endothelial cells. Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) is an orally available small molecule that acts as an inhibitor of the BTK and is approved for the treatment of patients with some hematological malignancies. It has been suggested that ibrutinib may also have a potential antitumor activity in solid neoplasms. In this sense, ibrutinib has the ability to revert polarization of TCD4+ to Th1 lymphocytes to increase the cytotoxic ability of T CD8+ and to regulate tumor-induced immune tolerance by acting over tumor infiltrating cells activity and immunosuppressive cytokines release. Furthermore, based on its molecular activity and safety, ibrutinib has been considered as a partner for treatment combination with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors or with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, inhibiting immunosuppressive signals from the tumor microenvironment, and overcoming the immune resistance to current anti-PD1/PDL1 immunotherapeutic drugs by the CXCR4/CXCL2 pathway regulation. Currently, a broad range of different studies are evaluating the activity of ibrutinib either as single agent or in combination in patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - T Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Gajate
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Grande
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Incrocci R, Barse L, Stone A, Vagvala S, Montesano M, Subramaniam V, Swanson-Mungerson M. Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 production through the activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and STAT3. Virology 2016; 500:96-102. [PMID: 27792904 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous data demonstrate that Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 to promote the survival of LMP2A-expressing B cell lymphomas. Since STAT3 is an important regulator of IL-10 production, we hypothesized that LMP2A activates a signal transduction cascade that increases STAT3 phosphorylation to enhance IL-10. Using LMP2A-negative and -positive B cell lines, the data indicate that LMP2A requires the early signaling molecules of the Syk/RAS/PI3K pathway to increase IL-10. Additional studies indicate that the PI3K-regulated kinase, BTK, is responsible for phosphorylating STAT3, which ultimately mediates the LMP2A-dependent increase in IL-10. These data are the first to show that LMP2A signaling results in STAT3 phosphorylation in B cells through a PI3K/BTK-dependent pathway. With the use of BTK and STAT3 inhibitors to treat B cell lymphomas in clinical trials, these findings highlight the possibility of using new pharmaceutical approaches to treat EBV-associated lymphomas that express LMP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Incrocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Levi Barse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Amanda Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Sai Vagvala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michael Montesano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Vijay Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
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46
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Dos Santos HG, Siltberg-Liberles J. Paralog-Specific Patterns of Structural Disorder and Phosphorylation in the Vertebrate SH3-SH2-Tyrosine Kinase Protein Family. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2806-25. [PMID: 27519537 PMCID: PMC5630953 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the largest multigene families in Metazoa are the tyrosine kinases (TKs). These are important multifunctional proteins that have evolved as dynamic switches that perform tyrosine phosphorylation and other noncatalytic activities regulated by various allosteric mechanisms. TKs interact with each other and with other molecules, ultimately activating and inhibiting different signaling pathways. TKs are implicated in cancer and almost 30 FDA-approved TK inhibitors are available. However, specific binding is a challenge when targeting an active site that has been conserved in multiple protein paralogs for millions of years. A cassette domain (CD) containing SH3-SH2-Tyrosine Kinase domains reoccurs in vertebrate nonreceptor TKs. Although part of the CD function is shared between TKs, it also presents TK specific features. Here, the evolutionary dynamics of sequence, structure, and phosphorylation across the CD in 17 TK paralogs have been investigated in a large-scale study. We establish that TKs often have ortholog-specific structural disorder and phosphorylation patterns, while secondary structure elements, as expected, are highly conserved. Further, domain-specific differences are at play. Notably, we found the catalytic domain to fluctuate more in certain secondary structure elements than the regulatory domains. By elucidating how different properties evolve after gene duplications and which properties are specifically conserved within orthologs, the mechanistic understanding of protein evolution is enriched and regions supposedly critical for functional divergence across paralogs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena G Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University
| | - Jessica Siltberg-Liberles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University
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47
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La Venuta G, Wegehingel S, Sehr P, Müller HM, Dimou E, Steringer JP, Grotwinkel M, Hentze N, Mayer MP, Will DW, Uhrig U, Lewis JD, Nickel W. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Tec Kinase Block Unconventional Secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17787-803. [PMID: 27382052 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a potent mitogen promoting both tumor cell survival and tumor-induced angiogenesis. It is secreted by an unconventional secretory mechanism that is based upon direct translocation across the plasma membrane. Key steps of this process are (i) phosphoinositide-dependent membrane recruitment, (ii) FGF2 oligomerization and membrane pore formation, and (iii) extracellular trapping mediated by membrane-proximal heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Efficient secretion of FGF2 is supported by Tec kinase that stimulates membrane pore formation based upon tyrosine phosphorylation of FGF2. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of the direct interaction between FGF2 and Tec kinase as well as the identification of small molecules that inhibit (i) the interaction of FGF2 with Tec, (ii) tyrosine phosphorylation of FGF2 mediated by Tec in vitro and in a cellular context, and (iii) unconventional secretion of FGF2 from cells. We further demonstrate the specificity of these inhibitors for FGF2 because tyrosine phosphorylation of a different substrate of Tec is unaffected in their presence. Building on previous evidence using RNA interference, the identified compounds corroborate the role of Tec kinase in unconventional secretion of FGF2. In addition, they are valuable lead compounds with great potential for drug development aiming at the inhibition of FGF2-dependent tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Venuta
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Wegehingel
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sehr
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Hans-Michael Müller
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleni Dimou
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia P Steringer
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Grotwinkel
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Hentze
- the Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- the Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David W Will
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Ulrike Uhrig
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Joe D Lewis
- the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Walter Nickel
- From the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
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48
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Roberts JM, Tarafdar S, Joseph RE, Andreotti AH, Smithgall TE, Engen JR, Wales TE. Dynamics of the Tec-family tyrosine kinase SH3 domains. Protein Sci 2016; 25:852-64. [PMID: 26808198 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Src Homology 3 (SH3) domain is an important regulatory domain found in many signaling proteins. X-ray crystallography and NMR structures of SH3 domains are generally conserved but other studies indicate that protein flexibility and dynamics are not. We previously reported that based on hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HX MS) studies, there is variable flexibility and dynamics among the SH3 domains of the Src-family tyrosine kinases and related proteins. Here we have extended our studies to the SH3 domains of the Tec family tyrosine kinases (Itk, Btk, Tec, Txk, Bmx). The SH3 domains of members of this family augment the variety in dynamics observed in previous SH3 domains. Txk and Bmx SH3 were found to be highly dynamic in solution by HX MS and Bmx was unstructured by NMR. Itk and Btk SH3 underwent a clear EX1 cooperative unfolding event, which was localized using pepsin digestion and mass spectrometry after hydrogen exchange labeling. The unfolding was localized to peptide regions that had been previously identified in the Src-family and related protein SH3 domains, yet the kinetics of unfolding were not. Sequence alignment does not provide an easy explanation for the observed dynamics behavior, yet the similarity of location of EX1 unfolding suggests that higher-order structural properties may play a role. While the exact reason for such dynamics is not clear, such motions can be exploited in intra- and intermolecular binding assays of proteins containing the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Roberts
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Sreya Tarafdar
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - Raji E Joseph
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011
| | - Amy H Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011
| | - Thomas E Smithgall
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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49
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Li R, Su P, Liu C, Zhang Q, Zhu T, Pang Y, Liu X, Li Q. A novel protein tyrosine kinase Tec identified in lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:639-46. [PMID: 26079172 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase Tec, a kind of non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is primarily found to be expressed in T cells, B cells, hematopoietic cells, and liver cells as a cytoplasmic protein. Tec has been proved to be a critical modulator of T cell receptor signaling pathway. In the present study, a homolog of Tec was identified in the lamprey, Lampetra japonica. The full-length Tec cDNA of L. japonica (Lja-Tec) contains a 1923 bp open reading frame that encodes a 641-amino acid protein. The multi-alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of Lja-Tec with typical vertebrate Tecs showed that it possesses all conserved domains of the Tec family proteins, indicating that an ortholog of Tec exists in the extant jawless vertebrate. In the phylogenetic tree that was reconstructed with 24 homologs of jawless and jawed vertebrates, the Tecs from lampreys and hagfish were clustered as a single clade. The genetic distance between the outgroup and agnathan Tecs' group is closer than that between outgroup and gnathostome Tecs' group, indicating that its origin was far earlier than any of the jawed vertebrates. The mRNA levels of Lja-Tec in lymphocyte-like cells and gills were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that it was significantly upregulated under stimulation with mixed pathogens. This result was further confirmed by western blot analysis. All these results indicated that Lja-Tec plays an important role in immune response. Our data will provide a reference for the further study of lamprey Tec and its immunological function in jawless vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
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50
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Manne BK, Badolia R, Dangelmaier C, Eble JA, Ellmeier W, Kahn M, Kunapuli SP. Distinct pathways regulate Syk protein activation downstream of immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM receptors in platelets. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11557-68. [PMID: 25767114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase pathways are known to play an important role in the activation of platelets. In particular, the GPVI and CLEC-2 receptors are known to activate Syk upon tyrosine phosphorylation of an immune tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) and hemITAM, respectively. However, unlike GPVI, the CLEC-2 receptor contains only one tyrosine motif in the intracellular domain. The mechanisms by which this receptor activates Syk are not completely understood. In this study, we identified a novel signaling mechanism in CLEC-2-mediated Syk activation. CLEC-2-mediated, but not GPVI-mediated, platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation were abolished by inhibition of PI3K, which demonstrates that PI3K regulates Syk downstream of CLEC-2. Ibrutinib, a Tec family kinase inhibitor, also completely abolished CLEC-2-mediated aggregation and Syk phosphorylation in human and murine platelets. Furthermore, embryos lacking both Btk and Tec exhibited cutaneous edema associated with blood-filled vessels in a typical lymphatic pattern similar to CLEC-2 or Syk-deficient embryos. Thus, our data show, for the first time, that PI3K and Tec family kinases play a crucial role in the regulation of platelet activation and Syk phosphorylation downstream of the CLEC-2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Kanth Manne
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Rachit Badolia
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Carol Dangelmaier
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Johannes A Eble
- the Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- the Division of Immunobiology, Institution of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and
| | - Mark Kahn
- the Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-5159
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From the Department of Physiology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140,
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