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Veh J, Mangold C, Felsen A, Ludwig C, Gerstner L, Reinhardt P, Schrezenmeier H, Fabricius D, Jahrsdörfer B. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate is a potent enhancer of B cells with a granzyme B + regulatory phenotype. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194880. [PMID: 37588597 PMCID: PMC10426744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The infusion of ex-vivo-generated regulatory B cells may represent a promising novel therapeutic approach for a variety of autoimmune and hyperinflammatory conditions including graft-versus-host disease. Methods Previously, we developed a protocol for the generation of a novel population of regulatory B cells, which are characterized by secretion of enzymatically active granzyme B (GraB cells). This protocol uses recombinant interleukin 21 (IL-21) and goat-derived F(ab)'2 fragments against the human B cell receptor (anti-BCR). Generally, the use of xenogeneic material for the manufacturing of advanced therapy medicinal products should be avoided to prevent adverse immune reactions as well as potential transmission of so far unknown diseases. Results In the present work we demonstrated that phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA/TPA), a phorbol ester with a particular analogy to the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG), is a potent enhancer of IL-21-induced differentiation of pre-activated B cells into GraB cells. The percentage of GraB cells after stimulation of pre-activated B cells with IL-21 and PMA/TPA was not significantly lower compared to stimulation with IL-21 and anti-BCR. Discussion Given that PMA/TPA has already undergone encouraging clinical testing in patients with certain haematological diseases, our results suggest that PMA/TPA may be a safe and feasible alternative for ex-vivo manufacturing of GraB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Veh
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Charlotte Mangold
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Felsen
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Gerstner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg–Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Frisch ES, Pretzsch R, Weber MS. A Milestone in Multiple Sclerosis Therapy: Monoclonal Antibodies Against CD20-Yet Progress Continues. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1602-1622. [PMID: 33880738 PMCID: PMC8609066 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, still represents one of the most common causes of persisting disability with an early disease onset. Growing evidence suggests B cells to play a crucial role in its pathogenesis and progression. Over the last decades, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the surface protein CD20 have been intensively studied as a B cell targeting therapy in relapsing MS (RMS) as well as primary progressive MS (PPMS). Pivotal studies on anti-CD20 therapy in RMS showed remarkable clinical and radiological effects, especially on acute inflammation and relapse biology. These results paved the way for further research on the implication of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS. Besides controlling relapse development in RMS, ocrelizumab (OCR) also showed clinical benefits in patients with PPMS and became the first approved drug for this disease course. In this review, we provide an overview of the current anti-CD20 mabs used or tested for the treatment of MS-namely rituximab (RTX), OCR, ofatumumab (OFA), and ublituximab (UB). Besides their effectiveness, we also discuss possible limitations and safety concerns especially in regard to long-term treatment, both for this class of drugs overall as well as for each anti-CD20 mab individually. Additionally, we elucidate to what extent anti-CD20 therapy may alter the function of other immune cells, both directly or indirectly. Finally, we cover the current knowledge on repopulation of CD20+ cells after cessation of anti-CD20 treatment and discuss future aspirations towards alternative, further developed B cell silencing therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Clinical Trials as Topic/methods
- Humans
- Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Frisch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roxanne Pretzsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Daïen C, Tan J, Audo R, Mielle J, Quek L, Krycer J, Angelatos A, Duraes M, Pinget G, Ni D, Robert R, Alam M, Amian M, Sierro F, Parmar A, Perkins G, Hoque S, Gosby A, Simpson S, Ribeiro R, Mackay C, Macia L. Gut-derived acetate promotes B10 cells with antiinflammatory effects. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144156. [PMID: 33729999 PMCID: PMC8119207 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance partly due to environmental factors. The short-chain fatty acid acetate, derived mostly from gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, promotes antiinflammatory Tregs and protects mice from type 1 diabetes, colitis, and allergies. Here, we show that the effects of acetate extend to another important immune subset involved in tolerance, the IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells). Acetate directly promoted B10 cell differentiation from mouse B1a cells both in vivo and in vitro. These effects were linked to metabolic changes through the increased production of acetyl-coenzyme A, which fueled the TCA cycle and promoted posttranslational lysine acetylation. Acetate also promoted B10 cells from human blood cells through similar mechanisms. Finally, we identified that dietary fiber supplementation in healthy individuals was associated with increased blood-derived B10 cells. Direct delivery of acetate or indirect delivery via diets or bacteria that produce acetate might be a promising approach to restore B10 cells in noncommunicable diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Acetates/blood
- Acetates/metabolism
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Dietary Fiber/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-10
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Neutrophils/cytology
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- C.I. Daïen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R. Audo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Mielle
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L.E. Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and
| | - J.R. Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Angelatos
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Duraes
- Department of Gynecology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D. Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - M.J. Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M.C.B. Amian
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - F. Sierro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Parmar
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - G. Perkins
- Biosciences platform, NSTLI Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Hoque
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and
| | - A.K. Gosby
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S.J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R.V. Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - L. Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
MM cells express high levels of CD38, while CD38 is expressed at relatively low levels on normal lymphoid and myeloid cells, and in some non-hematopoietic tissues. This expression profile, together with the role of CD38 in adhesion and as ectoenzyme, resulted in the development of CD38 antibodies for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). At this moment several CD38 antibodies are at different phases of clinical testing, with daratumumab already approved for various indications both as monotherapy and in combination with standards of care in MM. CD38 antibodies have Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Inhibition of ectoenzymatic function and direct apoptosis induction may also contribute to the efficacy of the antibodies to kill MM cells. The CD38 antibodies also improve host-anti-tumor immunity by the elimination of regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Mechanisms of primary and/or acquired resistance include tumor-related factors, such as reduced cell surface expression levels of the target antigen and high levels of complement inhibitors (CD55 and CD59). Differences in frequency or activity of effector cells may also contribute to differences in outcome. Furthermore, the microenvironment protects MM cells to CD38 antibody-induced ADCC by upregulation of anti-apoptotic molecules, such as survivin. Improved understanding of modes of action and mechanisms of resistance has resulted in rationally designed CD38-based combination therapies, which will contribute to further improvement in outcome of MM patients.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad Z. Usmani
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC, United States
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5
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Matsushita T, Kobayashi T, Mizumaki K, Kano M, Sawada T, Tennichi M, Okamura A, Hamaguchi Y, Iwakura Y, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K. BAFF inhibition attenuates fibrosis in scleroderma by modulating the regulatory and effector B cell balance. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaas9944. [PMID: 30009261 PMCID: PMC6040844 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by skin and lung fibrosis. More than 90% of patients with SSc are positive for autoantibodies. In addition, serum B cell activating factor (BAFF) level is correlated with SSc severity and activity. Thus, B cells are considered to play a pathogenic role in SSc. However, there are two opposing subsets: regulatory B cells (Bregs) and effector B cells (Beffs). Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Bregs negatively regulate the immune response, while IL-6-producing Beffs positively regulate it. Therefore, a protocol that selectively depletes Beffs would represent a potent therapy for SSc. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of Bregs and Beffs in SSc and to provide a scientific basis for developing a new treatment strategy targeting B cells. A bleomycin-induced scleroderma model was induced in mice with a B cell-specific deficiency in IL-6 or IL-10. We also examined whether BAFF regulates cytokine-producing B cells and its effects on the scleroderma model. IL-6-producing Beffs increased in number and infiltrated the inflamed skin in the scleroderma model. The skin and lung fibrosis was attenuated in B cell-specific IL-6-deficient mice, whereas B cell-specific IL-10-deficient mice showed more severe fibrosis. In addition, BAFF increased Beffs but suppressed Bregs. Furthermore, BAFF antagonist attenuated skin and lung fibrosis in the scleroderma model with reduction of Beffs but not of Bregs. The current study indicates that Beffs play a pathogenic role in the scleroderma model, while Bregs play a protective role. BAFF inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for SSc via alteration of B cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tadahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kie Mizumaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Miyu Kano
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Momoko Tennichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ai Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Benedek G, Zhang J, Nguyen H, Kent G, Seifert H, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Novel feedback loop between M2 macrophages/microglia and regulatory B cells in estrogen-protected EAE mice. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 305:59-67. [PMID: 28284347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory sex hormones, including estrogen and estriol, may prevent relapses in multiple sclerosis during pregnancy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that regulatory B cells are crucial for estrogen-mediated protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we demonstrate an estrogen-dependent induction of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages/microglia that results in an increased frequency of regulatory B cells in the spinal cord of estrogen treated mice with EAE. We further demonstrate that cultured M2-polarized microglia promote the induction of regulatory B cells. Our study suggests that estrogen neuroprotection induces a regulatory feedback loop between M2 macrophages/microglia and regulatory B cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arginase/genetics
- Arginase/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Estrogens/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/physiology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spleen/pathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Benedek
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gail Kent
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hilary Seifert
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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7
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Wang K, Tao L, Su J, Zhang Y, Zou B, Wang Y, Li X. [Regulatory B cells activated by CpG-ODN combined with anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody inhibit CD4(+)T cell proliferation]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 32:1164-1167. [PMID: 27609568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To observe the immunosuppressive function of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in vitro after activated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) and anti-CD40 mAb. Methods Mice splenic CD5(+)CD1d(high)B cells and CD5(-)CD1d(low)B cells were sorted by flow cytometry. These B cells were first stimulated with CpG-ODN combined with anti-CD40 mAb for 24 hours, and then co-cultured with purified CD4(+)T cells. The interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression in the activated Bregs and other B cell subset, as well as the proliferation and interferon γ (IFN-γ) expression in the CD4(+) T cells activated by anti-CD3 mAb plus anti-CD28 mAb were determined by flow cytometry. Results CD5(+)CD1d(high) B cells activated by CpG-ODN plus anti-CD40 mAb blocked the up-regulated CD4(+)T proliferation and significantly reduced the IFN-γ level. At the same time, activated CD5(-)CD1d(low)B cells showed no inhibitory effect on CD4(+)T cells. Further study revealed that IL-10 expression in the CD5(+)CD1d(high) B cells were much higher than that in the CD5(-)CD1d(low)B cells after stimulated with CpG-ODN combined with anti-CD40 mAb for 24 hours. Conclusion CD5(+)CD1d(high) B cells activated by CpG-ODN combined with anti-CD40 mAb have immune inhibitory effects on CD4(+)T cell activation in vitro , which possibly due to IL-10 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianbing Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Binhua Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Hua C, Audo R, Yeremenko N, Baeten D, Hahne M, Combe B, Morel J, Daïen C. A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) promotes IL-10 production and regulatory functions of human B cells. J Autoimmun 2016; 73:64-72. [PMID: 27372914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B cells may have a negative regulatory role, mainly mediated by interleukin 10 (IL-10). We recently showed that regulatory B-cell functions are impaired in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and that mice transgenic for a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are protected against collagen-induced arthritis. We aimed to explore the effect of APRIL on human B-cell IL-10 production, in healthy subjects and in patients with RA. The IL-10 production of B-cell was greater with APRIL than with BLyS or control medium, in a dose dependent manner. TACI expression was greater in IL-10 producing B cells (B10) than non-IL-10-producing B cells whereas BAFF-R expression was lower. TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion of T-cells were decreased by APRIL-stimulated B cells. APRIL stimulated STAT3 and STAT3 inhibition decreased B10 cells. APRIL also promoted B10 cells in RA patients. In conclusion, APRIL but not BLyS promotes IL-10 production by CpG-activated B cells and enhances the regulatory role of B cells on T cells. B10 cells in RA patients are responsive to APRIL, which suggests a possible therapeutic application of APRIL to expand B10 cells. This could also explain the difference of clinical efficacy observed between belimumab and atacicept in RA.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- B-Cell Activating Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- B-Cell Activating Factor/metabolism
- B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hua
- Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; UMR5535, IGMM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel Audo
- Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; UMR5535, IGMM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nataliya Yeremenko
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hahne
- UMR5535, IGMM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Combe
- Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; UMR5535, IGMM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; UMR5535, IGMM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Daïen
- Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; UMR5535, IGMM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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Zhou J, Min Z, Zhang D, Wang W, Marincola F, Wang X. Enhanced frequency and potential mechanism of B regulatory cells in patients with lung cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:304. [PMID: 25381811 PMCID: PMC4236438 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and B cells (Bregs) play an important role in the development of lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the phenotype of circulating Tregs and Bregs in patients with lung cancer and explore potential mechanism by which lung cancer cells act on the development of both. METHODS Patients with lung cancer (n = 268) and healthy donors (n = 65) were enrolled in the study. Frequencies of Tregs and Bregs were measured by flow cytometry with antibodies against CD4, CD25, CD127, CD45RA, CD19, CD24, CD27 and IL-10 before and after co-cultures. qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA levels of RANTES, MIP-1α, TGF-β, IFN-γ and IL-4. RESULTS We found a lower frequency of Tregs and a higher frequency of Bregs in patients with lung cancer compared to healthy donors. Co-culture of lung cancer cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells could polarize the lymphocyte phenotype in the similar pattern. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated lung cancer cells significantly modulated regulatory cell number and function in an in vitro model. CONCLUSION We provide initial evidence that frequencies of peripheral Tregs decreased or Bregs increased in patients with lung cancer, which may be modulated directly by lung cancer cells. It seems cancer cells per se plays a crucial role in the development of tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebai Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihui Min
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - William Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UCL, London, UK.
| | | | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China.
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Sattler S, Ling GS, Xu D, Hussaarts L, Romaine A, Zhao H, Fossati-Jimack L, Malik T, Cook HT, Botto M, Lau YL, Smits HH, Liew FY, Huang FP. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells induced by IL-33 (Breg(IL-33)) effectively attenuate mucosal inflammatory responses in the gut. J Autoimmun 2014; 50:107-22. [PMID: 24491821 PMCID: PMC4012142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) have attracted increasing attention for their roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a recently identified IL-1 family member, which leads a double-life with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. We report here that peritoneal injection of IL-33 exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice, whereas IL-33-treated IL-10-sufficient (wild type) mice were protected from the disease induction. A phenotypically unconventional subset(s) (CD19(+)CD25(+)CD1d(hi)IgM(hi)CD5(-)CD23(-)Tim-1(-)) of IL-10 producing Breg-like cells (Breg(IL-33)) was identified responsible for the protection. We demonstrated further that Breg(IL-33) isolated from these mice could suppress immune effector cell expansion and functions and, upon adoptive transfer, effectively blocked the development of spontaneous colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice. Our findings indicate an essential protective role, hence therapeutic potential, of Breg(IL-33) against mucosal inflammatory disorders in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sattler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Guang-Sheng Ling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Damo Xu
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leonie Hussaarts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Talat Malik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - H Terence Cook
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Foo Y Liew
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fang-Ping Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Abstract
Naïve B cells are crucial components of adaptive immunity. In addition to their capacity to produce immunoglobulins, a minor subset termed regulatory B cells or Bregs has been proven to modulate inflammation through the secretion of soluble mediators. The two main technical difficulties with their clinical use lie in their relatively low abundance in vivo and the scarcity of known methods for their ex vivo expansion. While studying the pharmacological properties of a novel bifunctional granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-15 fusion transgene (GIFT15) on unfractionated splenocytes in vitro, we observed that the GIFT15 fusokine had a remarkable and unprecedented effect on naïve B cells by converting them into suppressor cells of B-cell ontogeny (hereafter referred to as GIFT15 inducible (i)Bregs). Moreover, GIFT15 promoted iBreg proliferation. We present in this report a detailed protocol using the GIFT15 fusokine as a tool for the ex vivo generation of murine iBregs, which may serve as an immediate remedy to their abundance challenge in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Tormo
- The Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 1J7
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12
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Yang X, Yang J, Chu Y, Wang J, Guan M, Zhu X, Xue Y, Zou H. T follicular helper cells mediate expansion of regulatory B cells via IL-21 in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62855. [PMID: 23638156 PMCID: PMC3634758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells can mediate humoral immune responses and augment autoimmunity, whereas the role of Tfh cells on regulatory B (B10) cells in autoimmunity diseases is not clear. Here, we investigated the percentages of Tfh cells and B10 cells in lupus-prone MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice and examined the effects and mechanism of Tfh cell-derived interleukin-21 (IL-21) on IL-10 production during the differentiation of B10 cells. Both Tfh cells and B10 cells were expanded in spleens of MRL/lpr mice. In addition, a positive correlation between the proportions of Tfh cells and B10 cells was observed. Tfh cell-derived IL-21 from MRL/lpr mice could promote IL-10 production during the differentiation of B10 cells. Importantly, neutralization of IL-21 inhibited IL-10 production and expansion of B10 cells both in vitro and in vivo. IL-21 induced IL-10 production via activation of phosphorylated signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3). Inhibition of p-STAT3 effectively blocked IL-10 production during the differentiation of B10 cells. Moreover, IL-21-induced IL-10 exerted a regulatory function by inhibiting the proliferation of T cells. These data suggest that Tfh cells not only mediate humoral immune responses and augment autoimmunity but also play a broader role in immune regulatory actions via the induction of IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Central Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: .
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