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Gavilan J, Mennickent D, Ramirez-Molina O, Triviño S, Perez C, Silva-Grecchi T, Godoy PA, Becerra J, Aguayo LG, Moraga-Cid G, Martin VS, Yevenes GE, Castro PA, Guzman L, Fuentealba J. 17 Oxo Sparteine and Lupanine, Obtained from Cytisus scoparius, Exert a Neuroprotection against Soluble Oligomers of Amyloid-β Toxicity by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:343-356. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Mennickent
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Ramirez-Molina
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Sergio Triviño
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Perez
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Jose Becerra
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis G. Aguayo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Victoria San Martin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E. Yevenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A. Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzman
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas en Biomedicina-U. de Concepcion (CIAB UdeC), Chile
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2
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Hardouin C, Poixblanc A, Barière F, Tamion R, Dubuffet T, Hervouet Y, Mouchet P. Development of an Efficient Synthesis of an Agonist of Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptor. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hardouin
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Aurélie Poixblanc
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - François Barière
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Rodolphe Tamion
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Thierry Dubuffet
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Yvon Hervouet
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Patrick Mouchet
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
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3
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Ishiki HM, Filho JMB, da Silva MS, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Computer-aided Drug Design Applied to Parkinson Targets. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:865-880. [PMID: 29189169 PMCID: PMC6080092 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171128145423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by debilitating motor deficits, as well as autonomic problems, cognitive declines, changes in affect and sleep disturbances. Although the scientific community has performed great efforts in the study of PD, and from the most diverse points of view, the disease remains incurable. The exact mechanism underlying its progression is unclear, but oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are thought to play major roles in the etiology. Objective Current pharmacological therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease are mostly inadequate, and new therapeutic agents are much needed. Methods In this review, recent advances in computer-aided drug design for the rational design of new compounds against Parkinson disease; using methods such as Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR), molecular docking, molecular dynamics and pharmacophore modeling are discussed. Results In this review, four targets were selected: the enzyme monoamine oxidase, dopamine agonists, acetylcholine receptors, and adenosine receptors. Conclusion Computer aided-drug design enables the creation of theoretical models that can be used in a large database to virtually screen for and identify novel candidate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton M Ishiki
- University of Western Sao Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus T Scotti
- Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, Joao Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I, Joao Pessoa-PB, Brazil
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4
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A unified approach to the synthesis of both enantiomers of anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a cyanotoxins. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Majinda RRT. An Update of Erythrinan Alkaloids and Their Pharmacological Activities. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 107:95-159. [PMID: 30178271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93506-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The period of the past 5 years has witnessed a remarkable increase in all of the number, structural variety, and complexity of erythrinan alkaloids reported. This structural diversity seems to be most pronounced in the alkaloids reported from the two species Erythrina arborescens and Erythrina variegata. Between them, work-up of these taxa yielded new polymeric (dimeric and trimeric) erythrinan alkaloids, a first example in one case where a normal 6,5,6,6-membered indoloisoquinoline spirocylic core has rearranged to a spiro-fused 6,5,7,6-skeleton. Furthermore, erythrinan alkaloids with a fifth ring containing a 2H-imidazole functionality were also reported for the first time, together with some new structures having an unusual substitution and with functionalities at positions C-3 and C-7 of the erythrinan core. This contribution has included 40 more erythrinan alkaloids that are either new or were omitted in the most recent major reviews on the same topic, leading to a total of 154 known erythrinan alkaloids to date. There are a few cases where the structures of the new alkaloids are contestable due to insufficient data having been obtained on isolation. To facilitate easier reference and identification, all structures having a common core have been placed in the same table or figure in this chapter.The reported pharmacological activities of the new and known erythrinan alkaloids documented have shown a considerable bias towards central nervous system and related activities. Other prominent activities that have been reported are antifeedant, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral effects. Erythrinan alkaloids generally seem to lack antibacterial activity. Several new polymeric alkaloids were found to lack cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines, although two of them showed moderate aphicidal activity and one exhibited weak to moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The biological activity of erythrinan alkaloids seems to be influenced by basic substructural requirements, such as a conjugated diene (Δ1,2, Δ6,7) system and is modulated by the presence (or absence) of other groups in rings A, B, C, and D of the erythrinan core. The erythrinan core may provide potential leads to structures that eventually may be useful therapeutically.In recent years, a number of stereoselective chemical synthesis methods have been applied towards the erythinan alkaloids, and these are described in this contribution.
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6
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Zhang SQ, Yan Y, Liu W, Liao WW. Diastereoselective synthesis of dihydroindolizin-3(2H)-one derivatives via catalytic sulfur-Michael addition triggered intramolecular tandem sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Abraham N, Healy M, Ragnarsson L, Brust A, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ. Structural mechanisms for α-conotoxin activity at the human α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45466. [PMID: 28361878 PMCID: PMC5374441 DOI: 10.1038/srep45466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are therapeutic targets for a range of human diseases. α-Conotoxins are naturally occurring peptide antagonists of nAChRs that have been used as pharmacological probes and investigated as drug leads for nAChR related disorders. However, α-conotoxin interactions have been mostly characterised at the α7 and α3β2 nAChRs, with interactions at other subtypes poorly understood. This study provides novel structural insights into the molecular basis for α-conotoxin activity at α3β4 nAChR, a therapeutic target where subtype specific antagonists have potential to treat nicotine addiction and lung cancer. A co-crystal structure of α-conotoxin LsIA with Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein guided the design and functional characterisations of LsIA analogues that identified the minimum pharmacophore regulating α3β4 antagonism. Interactions of the LsIA R10F with β4 K57 and the conserved -NN- α-conotoxin motif with β4 I77 and I109 conferred α3β4 activity to the otherwise inactive LsIA. Using these structural insights, we designed LsIA analogues with α3β4 activity. This new understanding of the structural basis of protein-protein interactions between α-conotoxins and α3β4 may help rationally guide the development of α3β4 selective antagonists with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Abraham
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Healy
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Brust
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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8
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Abraham N, Paul B, Ragnarsson L, Lewis RJ. Escherichia coli Protein Expression System for Acetylcholine Binding Proteins (AChBPs). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157363. [PMID: 27304486 PMCID: PMC4909209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ligand gated ion channels, identified as therapeutic targets for a range of human diseases. Drug design for nAChR related disorders is increasingly using structure-based approaches. Many of these structural insights for therapeutic lead development have been obtained from co-crystal structures of nAChR agonists and antagonists with the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP). AChBP is a water soluble, structural and functional homolog of the extracellular, ligand-binding domain of nAChRs. Currently, AChBPs are recombinantly expressed in eukaryotic expression systems for structural and biophysical studies. Here, we report the establishment of an Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression system that significantly reduces the cost and time of production compared to the existing expression systems. E. coli can efficiently express unglycosylated AChBP for crystallography and makes the expression of isotopically labelled forms feasible for NMR. We used a pHUE vector containing an N-terminal His-tagged ubiquitin fusion protein to facilitate AChBP expression in the soluble fractions, and thus avoid the need to recover protein from inclusion bodies. The purified protein yield obtained from the E. coli expression system is comparable to that obtained from existing AChBP expression systems. E. coli expressed AChBP bound nAChR agonists and antagonists with affinities matching those previously reported. Thus, the E. coli expression system significantly simplifies the expression and purification of functional AChBP for structural and biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Abraham
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Blessy Paul
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lotten Ragnarsson
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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Correia JTM, Acconcia LV, Coelho F. Studies on Pumiliotoxin A Alkaloids: An Approach to Preparing the Indolizidinic Core by Intramolecular Diastereoselective N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Benzoin Reaction. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Kalaitzakis D, Triantafyllakis M, Sofiadis M, Noutsias D, Vassilikogiannakis G. Photooxygenation of Furylalkylamines: Easy Access to Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Myron Triantafyllakis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Manolis Sofiadis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Dimitris Noutsias
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
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11
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Kalaitzakis D, Triantafyllakis M, Sofiadis M, Noutsias D, Vassilikogiannakis G. Photooxygenation of Furylalkylamines: Easy Access to Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4605-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Myron Triantafyllakis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Manolis Sofiadis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
| | - Dimitris Noutsias
- Department of Chemistry; University of Crete; Vasilika Vouton 71003 Iraklion Crete Greece
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12
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Mohamed TS, Jayakar SS, Hamouda AK. Orthosteric and Allosteric Ligands of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Smoking Cessation. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:71. [PMID: 26635524 PMCID: PMC4658446 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine addiction, the result of tobacco use, leads to over six million premature deaths world-wide per year, a number that is expected to increase by a third within the next two decades. While more than half of smokers want and attempt to quit, only a small percentage of smokers are able to quit without pharmacological interventions. Therefore, over the past decades, researchers in academia and the pharmaceutical industry have focused their attention on the development of more effective smoking cessation therapies, which is now a growing 1.9 billion dollar market. Because the role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in nicotine addiction is well established, nAChR based therapeutics remain the leading strategy for smoking cessation. However, the development of neuronal nAChR drugs that are selective for a nAChR subpopulation is challenging, and only few neuronal nAChR drugs are clinically available. Among the many neuronal nAChR subtypes that have been identified in the brain, the α4β2 subtype is the most abundant and plays a critical role in nicotine addiction. Here, we review the role of neuronal nAChRs, especially the α4β2 subtype, in the development and treatment of nicotine addiction. We also compare available smoking cessation medications and other nAChR orthosteric and allosteric ligands that have been developed with emphasis on the difficulties faced in the development of clinically useful compounds with high nAChR subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Selwyn S Jayakar
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayman K Hamouda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center Kingsville, TX, USA ; Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center Bryan, TX, USA
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13
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Multiple binding sites in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: An opportunity for polypharmacolgy. Pharmacol Res 2015; 101:9-17. [PMID: 26318763 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the development of selective compounds has been the main goal for chemists and biologists involved in drug discovery. However, diverse lines of evidence indicate that polypharmacological agents, i.e. those that act simultaneously at various protein targets, might show better profiles than selective ligands, regarding both efficacy and side effects. On the other hand, the availability of the crystal structure of different receptors allows a detailed analysis of the main interactions between drugs and receptors in a specific binding site. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) constitute a large and diverse family of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) that, as a product of its modulation, regulate neurotransmitter release, which in turns produce a global neuromodulation of the central nervous system. nAChRs are pentameric protein complexes in such a way that expression of compatible subunits can lead to various receptor assemblies or subtypes. The agonist binding site, located at the extracellular region, exhibits different properties depending on the subunits that conform the receptor. In the last years, it has been recognized that nAChRs could also contain one or more allosteric sites which could bind non-classical nicotinic ligands including several therapeutically useful drugs. The presence of multiple binding sites in nAChRs offers an interesting possibility for the development of novel polypharmacological agents with a wide spectrum of actions.
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14
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Biomolecular recognition of antagonists by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: Antagonistic mechanism and structure-activity relationships studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:119-32. [PMID: 25963024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the key constituent of ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and neurodegenerative diseases are strongly coupled in the human species. In recently years the developments of selective agonists by using nAChRs as the drug target have made a large progress, but the studies of selective antagonists are severely lacked. Currently these antagonists rest mainly on the extraction of partly natural products from some animals and plants; however, the production of these crude substances is quite restricted, and artificial synthesis of nAChR antagonists is still one of the completely new research fields. In the context of this manuscript, our primary objective was to comprehensively analyze the recognition patterns and the critical interaction descriptors between target α7 nAChR and a series of the novel compounds with potentially antagonistic activity by means of virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, and meanwhile these recognition reactions were also compared with the biointeraction of α7 nAChR with a commercially natural antagonist - methyllycaconitine. The results suggested clearly that there are relatively obvious differences of molecular structures between synthetic antagonists and methyllycaconitine, while the two systems have similar recognition modes on the whole. The interaction energy and the crucially noncovalent forces of the α7 nAChR-antagonists are ascertained according to the method of Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area. Several amino acid residues, such as B/Tyr-93, B/Lys-143, B/Trp-147, B/Tyr-188, B/Tyr-195, A/Trp-55 and A/Leu-118 played a major role in the α7 nAChR-antagonist recognition processes, in particular, residues B/Tyr-93, B/Trp-147 and B/Tyr-188 are the most important. These outcomes tally satisfactorily with the discussions of amino acid mutations. Based on the explorations of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships, the structure-antagonistic activity relationships of antagonists and the characteristics of α7 nAChR-ligand recognitions were received a reasonable summary as well. These attempts emerged herein would not only provide helpful guidance for the design of α7 nAChR antagonists, but shed new light on the subsequent researches in antagonistic mechanism.
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Zlotos DP, Tränkle C, Holzgrabe U, Gündisch D, Jensen AA. Semisynthetic analogues of toxiferine I and their pharmacological properties at α7 nAChRs, muscle-type nAChRs, and the allosteric binding site of muscarinic M2 receptors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2006-13. [PMID: 25192059 PMCID: PMC4176391 DOI: 10.1021/np500259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of analogues of the calabash curare alkaloid toxiferine I was prepared and pharmacologically evaluated at α7 and muscle-type nAChRs and the allosteric site of muscarinic M2 receptors. The new ligands differ from toxiferine I by the absence of one (2a-c) or two (3a-c) hydroxy groups, saturation of the exocyclic double bonds, and various N-substituents (methyl, allyl, 4-nitrobenzyl). At the muscle-type nAChRs, most ligands showed similar binding to the muscle relaxant alcuronium, indicating neuromuscular blocking activity, with the nonhydroxylated analogues 3b (Ki = 75 nM) and 3c (Ki = 82 nM) displaying the highest affinity. At α7 nAChRs, all ligands showed a moderate to low antagonistic effect, suggesting that the alcoholic functions are not necessary for antagonistic action. Compound 3c exerted the highest preference for the muscle-type nAChRs (Ki = 82 nM) over α7 (IC50 = 21 μM). As for the allosteric site of M2 receptors, binding was found to be dependent on N-substitution rather than on the nature of the side chains. The most potent ligands were the N-allyl analogues 2b and 3b (EC0.5,diss = 12 and 36 nM) and the N-nitrobenzyl derivatives 2c and 3c (EC0.5,diss = 32 and 49 nM). The present findings should help delineate the structural requirements for activity at different types of AChRs and for the design of novel selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius P. Zlotos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German
University in Cairo, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Pharmacology
and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University
of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Gündisch
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rasoulpour RJ, Terry C, LeBaron MJ, Stebbins K, Ellis-Hutchings RG, Billington R. Mode-of-action and human relevance framework analysis for rat Leydig cell tumors associated with sulfoxaflor. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44 Suppl 2:25-44. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.910750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Rouden J, Lasne MC, Blanchet J, Baudoux J. (−)-Cytisine and Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 114:712-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Marie-Claire Lasne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Baudoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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Yi B, Long S, González-Cestari TF, Henderson BJ, Pavlovicz RE, Werbovetz K, Li C, McKay DB. Discovery of benzamide analogs as negative allosteric modulators of human neuronal nicotinic receptors: pharmacophore modeling and structure-activity relationship studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4730-43. [PMID: 23757208 PMCID: PMC4347880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes our ongoing efforts toward the discovery of drugs that selectively target nAChR subtypes. We exploited knowledge on nAChR ligands and their binding site that were previously identified by our laboratory through virtual screenings and identified benzamide analogs as a novel chemical class of neuronal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) ligands. The lead molecule, compound 1 (4-(allyloxy)-N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzamide) inhibits nAChR activity with an IC₅₀ value of 6.0 (3.4-10.6) μM on human α4β2 nAChRs with a ∼5-fold preference against human α3β4 nAChRs. Twenty-six analogs of compound 1 were also either synthesized or purchased for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and provided information relating the chemical/structural properties of the molecules to their ability to inhibit nAChR activity. The discovery of subtype-selective ligands of nAChRs described here should contribute significantly to our understanding of the involvement of specific nAChR subtypes in normal and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitna Yi
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sihui Long
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tatiana F. González-Cestari
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brandon J. Henderson
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryan E. Pavlovicz
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karl Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dennis B. McKay
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Dederer H, Berger M, Meyer T, Werr M, Ilg T. Structure-activity relationships of acetylcholine derivatives with Lucilia cuprina nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α1 and α2 subunits in chicken β2 subunit hybrid receptors in comparison with chicken nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α4/β2. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 22:183-198. [PMID: 23331538 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Insect nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) are the targets of several insecticide classes. In the present study, we report the gene identification and cloning of nAChR α1 and α2 subunits (Lcα1 and Lcα2) from the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. Xenopus oocytes voltage clamp experiments as hybrids with the chicken β2 nAChR (Ggβ2) subunit resulted in ACh-gated ion channels with distinct dose-response curves for Lcα1/Ggβ2 (effective concentration 50% [EC50 ] = 80 nM; nH = 1.05), and Lcα2/Ggβ2 (EC50 = 5.37 μM, nH = 1.46). The neonicotinoid imidacloprid was a potent agonist for the α-bungarotoxin-sensitive Lcα1/Ggβ2 (EC50 ∼ 20 nM), while the α-bungarotoxin-resistant Lcα2/Ggβ2 showed a 30-fold lower sensitivity to this insecticide (EC50 = 0.62 μM). Thirteen close derivatives of ACh were analysed in EC50 , Hill coefficient and maximum current (relative to ACh) determinations for Lcα1/Ggβ2 and Lcα2/Ggβ2 and the chicken Ggα4/Ggβ2 nAChRs, and comparisons relative to ACh allowed the definition of novel structure-activity and structure-selectivity relationships. In the case of N-ethyl-acetylcholine, the EC50 of the chicken Ggα4/Ggβ2 rose by a factor of 1000, while for both Lcα1/Ggβ2 and Lcα2/Ggβ2, potency remained unchanged. Further derivatives with insect nAChR selectivity potential were acetyl-α-methylcholine and trimethyl-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)ammonium, followed by acetylhomocholine and trimethyl-(4-oxopentyl) ammonium. Our results may provide guidance for the identification or design of insect-specific nAChR agonists using structure-based or in silico methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dederer
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: From basic science to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:22-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Pérez EG, Cassels BK, Eibl C, Gündisch D. Synthesis and evaluation of N1-alkylindole-3-ylalkylammonium compounds as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3719-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Turcanu D, Kirtok N, Eibl C, Guendisch D, LaGamma E, Nankova B. Nicotinic receptor partial agonists alter catecholamine homeostasis and response to nicotine in PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Nirogi R, Kandikere V, Bhyrapuneni G, Saralaya R, Muddana N, Ajjala DR. Rat thalamic α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor occupancy assay using LC–MS/MS. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012; 65:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Pronin SV, Tabor MG, Jansen DJ, Shenvi RA. A Stereoselective Hydroamination Transform To Access Polysubstituted Indolizidines. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2012-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211090n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Pronin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037, United States
| | - M. Greg Tabor
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel J. Jansen
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037, United States
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25
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Reymond JL, van Deursen R, Bertrand D. What we have learned from crystal structures of proteins to receptor function. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1521-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Turabekova MA, Vinogradova VI, Werbovetz KA, Capers J, Rasulev BF, Levkovich MG, Rakhimov SB, Abdullaev ND. Structure-Activity Relationship Investigations Of Leishmanicidal N-Benzylcytisine Derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:183-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Li Y, Giulianotti M, Houghten RA. High Throughput Synthesis of 2,3,6-Trisubstituted-5,6-Dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole Derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:696-698. [PMID: 21461055 PMCID: PMC3065664 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A facile approach to the synthesis of 2,3,6-trisubstituted-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole was reported. A resin bound cyclic thiourea was formed by the treatment of a resin bound diamine with 1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole, and then reacted with a α-haloketone to generate a resin bound isothiourea. HF treatment of the resin bound isothiourea resulted in the cleavage of the product and simultaneous formation of an enamine bond. This led to the formation of the 2,3,6-trisubstituted-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole in high yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Marc Giulianotti
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Richard A. Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
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Liu J, Eaton JB, Caldarone B, Lukas RJ, Kozikowski AP. Chemistry and pharmacological characterization of novel nitrogen analogues of AMOP-H-OH (Sazetidine-A, 6-[5-(azetidin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]hex-5-yn-1-ol) as α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective partial agonists. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6973-85. [PMID: 20822184 DOI: 10.1021/jm100765u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to advance therapeutic applications of nicotinic ligands, continuing research efforts are being directed toward the identification and characterization of novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands that are both potent and subtype selective. Herein we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of members of a new series of 3-alkoxy-5-aminopyridine derivatives that display good selectivity for the α4β2-nAChR subtype based on ligand binding and functional evaluations. The most potent ligand in this series, compound 64, showed high radioligand binding affinity and selectivity for rat α4β2-nAChR with a K(i) value of 1.2 nM and 4700-fold selectivity for α4β2- over α3β4-nAChR, and ∼100-fold selectivity for functional, high-sensitivity, human α4β2-nAChR over α3β4*-nAChR. In the mouse forced swim test, compound 64 exhibited antidepressant-like effects. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses suggest that the introduction of additional substituents to the amino group present on the pyridine ring of the N-demethylated analogue of compound 17 can provide potent α4β2-nAChR-selective ligands for possible use in treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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29
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Zaveri N, Jiang F, Olsen C, Polgar W, Toll L. Novel α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective ligands. Discovery, structure-activity studies, and pharmacological evaluation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8187-91. [PMID: 20979364 DOI: 10.1021/jm1006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antagonist activity at the α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is thought to contribute to the antiaddictive properties of several compounds. However, truly selective ligands for the α3β4 nAChR have not been available. We report the discovery and SAR of a novel class of compounds that bind to the α3β4 nAChR and have no measurable affinity for the α4β2 or α7 subtype. In functional assays the lead compound antagonized epibatidine-induced Ca(2+) flux in α3β4-transfected cells in a noncompetitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulain Zaveri
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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30
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Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Carbone A, García-Beltrán O, Livingstone PD, Biggin PC, Cassels BK, Wonnacott S, Zapata-Torres G, Bermudez I. Molecular determinants for competitive inhibition of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:366-75. [PMID: 20547737 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.065490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Erythrina alkaloids erysodine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) are potent and selective competitive inhibitors of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), but little is known about the molecular determinants of the sensitivity of this receptor subtype to inhibition by this class of antagonists. We addressed this issue by examining the effects of DHbetaE and a range of aromatic Erythrina alkaloids on [(3)H]cytisine binding and receptor function in conjunction with homology models of the alpha4beta2 nAChR, mutagenesis, and functional assays. The lactone group of DHbetaE and a hydroxyl group at position C-16 in aromatic Erythrina alkaloids were identified as major determinants of potency, which was decreased when the conserved residue Tyr126 in loop A of the alpha4 subunit was substituted by alanine. Sensitivity to inhibition was also decreased by substituting the conserved aromatic residues alpha4Trp182 (loop B), alpha4Tyr230 (loop C), and beta2Trp82 (loop D) and the nonconserved beta2Thr84; however, only alpha4Trp182 was predicted to contact bound antagonist, suggesting alpha4Tyr230, beta2Trp82, and beta2Thr84 contribute allosterically to the closed state elicited by bound antagonist. In addition, homology modeling predicted strong ionic interactions between the ammonium center of the Erythrina alkaloids and beta2Asp196, leading to the uncapping of loop C. Consistent with this, beta2D196A abolished sensitivity to inhibition by DHbetaE or erysodine but not by epierythratidine, which is not predicted to form ionic bonds with beta2Asp196. This residue is not conserved in subunits that comprise nAChRs with low sensitivity to inhibition by DHbetaE or erysodine, which highlights beta2Asp196 as a major determinant of the receptor selectivity of Erythrina alkaloids.
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31
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Brennan KA, Lea RA, Fitzmaurice PS, Truman P. Nicotinic receptors and stages of nicotine dependence. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:793-808. [PMID: 19251827 DOI: 10.1177/0269881108100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death, where nicotine has been identified as the primary addictive constituent of tobacco. Consequently, there have been extensive investigations into the neuroadaptations that occur as nicotine dependence develops, where numerous neurological systems have been implicated. The focus of this review was on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor neuroadaptations that occur during the development of nicotine dependence. This focus was selected because (1) the nicotinic receptors are the primary binding sites for both nicotine and the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation treatments and (2) the receptors are located throughout the brain with considerable neuromodulatory ability. However, there was difficulty associated in outlining the role of nicotinic receptors in the development of nicotine dependence because it comprises a series of stages involving different neurological systems rather than a single state. To address this issue, the review adopts a novel approach and considers the role of nicotinic receptor subtypes at separate stages of the nicotine dependence cycle. This information was then used to examine the nicotinic receptor-related therapeutic mechanisms of three main pharmacological smoking cessation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Brennan
- Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand.
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32
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van Rijn RM, Rhee IK, Verpoorte R. Isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory alkaloids from Nerine bowdenii. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:222-5. [PMID: 20140801 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802263758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a steady loss of attention and memory, which has been correlated with the impairment of brain cholinergic neurotransmission, particularly a deficit of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Therefore, one of the methods that has proven successful in the treatment of AD is the use of inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) to supplement the acetylcholine level. Herein we describe the isolation of several AchE-inhibiting alkaloids from the bulbs of Nerine bowdenii, an Amaryllidaceae species. For the first time 11-O-acetylambelline and filofiline, previously reported from Brunsvigia josephinea and Nerine filifolia, respectively, were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M van Rijn
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Section Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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33
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Abin-Carriquiry JA, Zunini MP, Cassels BK, Wonnacott S, Dajas F. In silico characterization of cytisinoids docked into an acetylcholine binding protein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3683-7. [PMID: 20493692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Homology models of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) suggest that subtype specificity is due to non-conserved residues in the complementary subunit of the ligand-binding pocket. Cytisine and its derivatives generally show a strong preference for heteromeric alpha4beta2* nAChRs over the homomeric alpha7 subtype, and the structural modifications studied do not cause large changes in their nAChR subtype selectivity. In the present work we docked cytisine, N-methylcytisine, and several pyridone ring-substituted cytisinoids into the crystallographic structure of the Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) co-crystallized with nicotine (1UW6). The graphical analysis of the best poses showed that cytisinoids have weak interactions with the side chains of the non-conserved amino acids in the complementary subunit justifying the use of PDB 1UWB as a surrogate for nAChR. Furthermore, we found a high correlation (R(2)=0.96) between the experimental pIC(50) values at alpha4beta2* nAChR and docking energy (S) of the best cytisinoid poses within the AChBP. Due to the quality of the correlation we suggest that this equation might be used as a predictive model to propose new cytisine-derived nAChRs ligands. Our docking results also suggest that further structural modifications of these cytisinoids will not greatly alter their alpha4beta2*/alpha7 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Andrés Abin-Carriquiry
- Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Abin-Carriquiry JA, Urbanavicius J, Scorza C, Rebolledo-Fuentes M, Wonnacott S, Cassels BK, Dajas F. Increase in locomotor activity after acute administration of the nicotinic receptor agonist 3-bromocytisine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 634:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Halliday JI, Chebib M, McLeod MD. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Family of Constrained Azabicyclic Homocholine Analogues. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A family of constrained acylated homocholine analogues have been synthesized, based on the azabicyclic ring scaffold derived from a double-Mannich annulation of cyclic ketones. The short synthetic route allows generation of structural diversity including, variation in the carbocyclic ring size, bridgehead substitution, nitrogen substitution and the ester sidechain. Biological assays on selected analogues demonstrate these compounds are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists. Several analogues also bind to other neuronal transporter and receptor targets.
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36
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Sgrignani J, Bonaccini C, Grazioso G, Chioccioli M, Cavalli A, Gratteri P. Insights into docking and scoring neuronal alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonists using molecular dynamics simulations and QM/MM calculations. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:2443-54. [PMID: 19360794 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A combined quantum mechanical (QM)-polarized docking and molecular dynamics approach to study the binding mode and to predict the binding affinity of ligands acting at the alpha4beta2-nAChR is presented. The results obtained in this study indicate that the quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics docking protocol well describes the charge-driven interactions occurring in the binding of nicotinic agonists, and it is able to represent the polarization effects on the ligand exerted by the surrounding atoms of the receptor at the binding site. This makes it possible to properly score agonists of alpha4beta2-nAChR and to reproduce the experimental binding affinity data with good accuracy, within a mean error of 2.2 kcal/mol. Moreover, applying the QM-polarized docking to an ensemble of nAChR conformations obtained from MD simulations enabled us to accurately capture nAChR-ligand induced-fit effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sgrignani
- Laboratorio di Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics and QSAR, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Cheng X, Ivanov I, Wang H, Sine SM, McCammon JA. Molecular-dynamics simulations of ELIC-a prokaryotic homologue of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Biophys J 2009; 96:4502-13. [PMID: 19486673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ligand-gated ion channel from Erwinia chrysanthemi (ELIC) is a prokaryotic homolog of the eukaryotic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that responds to the binding of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and mediates fast signal transmission. ELIC is similar to the nAChR in its primary sequence and overall subunit organization, but despite their structural similarity, it is not clear whether these two ligand-gated ion channels operate in a similar manner. Further, it is not known to what extent mechanistic insights gleaned from the ELIC structure translate to eukaryotic counterparts such as the nAChR. Here we use molecular-dynamics simulations to probe the conformational dynamics and hydration of the transmembrane pore of ELIC. The results are compared with those from our previous simulation of the human alpha7 nAChR. Overall, ELIC displays increased stability compared to the nAChR, whereas the two proteins exhibit remarkable similarity in their global motion and flexibility patterns. The majority of the increased stability of ELIC does not stem from the deficiency of the models used in the simulations, and but rather seems to have a structural basis. Slightly altered dynamical correlation features are also observed among several loops within the membrane region. In sharp contrast to the nAChR, ELIC is completely dehydrated from the pore center to the extracellular end throughout the simulation. Finally, the simulation of an ELIC mutant substantiates the important role of F246 on the stability, hydration and possibly function of the ELIC channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cheng
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
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38
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Dome P, Lazary J, Kalapos MP, Rihmer Z. Smoking, nicotine and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 34:295-342. [PMID: 19665479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption, but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of smoking and its health consequences among psychiatric patients are widely known, the neurobiological background of this epidemiological association is still obscure. The diverse neuroactive effects of NIC and some other major tobacco smoke constituents in the central nervous system may underlie this association. This present paper summarizes the pharmacology of NIC and its receptors (nAChR) based on a systematic review of the literature. The role of the brain's reward system(s) in NIC addiction and the results of functional and structural neuroimaging studies on smoking-related states and behaviors (i.e. dependence, craving, withdrawal) are also discussed. In addition, the epidemiological, neurobiological, and genetic aspects of smoking in several specific neuropsychiatric disorders are reviewed and the clinical relevance of smoking in these disease states addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dome
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Kutvolgyi Clinical Center, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary.
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Carbone AL, Moroni M, Groot-Kormelink PJ, Bermudez I. Pentameric concatenated (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: subunit arrangement determines functional expression. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 156:970-81. [PMID: 19366353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subunits expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes assemble into a mixed population of (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) receptors. In order to express these receptors separately in heterologous systems, we have engineered pentameric concatenated (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH alpha4 and beta2 subunits were concatenated by synthetic linkers into pentameric constructs to produce either (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) or (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) receptors. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques, we examined the ability of the concatenated constructs to produce functional expression in Xenopus oocytes. Functional constructs were further characterized in respect to agonists, competitive antagonists, Ca2+ permeability, sensitivity to modulation by Zn2+ and sensitivity to up-regulation by chaperone protein 14-3-3. KEY RESULTS We found that pentameric concatamers with a subunit arrangement of beta2_alpha4_beta2_alpha4_beta2 or beta2_alpha4_beta2_alpha4_alpha4 were stable and functional in Xenopus oocytes. By comparison, when alpha4 and beta2 were concatenated with a subunit order of beta2_beta2_alpha4_beta2_alpha4 or beta2_alpha4_alpha4_beta2_alpha4, functional expression in Xenopus oocytes was very low, even though the proteins were synthesized and stable. Both beta2_alpha4_beta2_alpha4_beta2 and beta2_alpha4_beta2_alpha4_alpha4 concatamers recapitulated the ACh concentration response curve, the sensitivity to Zn2+ modulation, Ca2+ permeability and the sensitivity to up-regulation by chaperone protein 14-3-3 of the corresponding non-linked (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) receptors respectively. Using these concatamers, we found that most alpha4beta2-preferring compounds studied, including A85380, 5I-A85380, cytisine, epibatidine, TC2559 and dihydro-beta-erythroidine, demonstrate stoichiometry-specific potencies and efficacies. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We concluded that the alpha4beta2 nicotinic ACh receptors produced with beta2_alpha4_beta2_alpha4_beta2 or beta2_alpha4_beta2_alpha4_alpha4 pentameric constructs are valid models of non-linked (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2) receptors respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Carbone
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, UK
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Tomizawa M, Talley TT, Park JF, Maltby D, Medzihradszky KF, Durkin KA, Cornejo-Bravo JM, Burlingame AL, Casida JE, Taylor P. Nicotinic agonist binding site mapped by methionine- and tyrosine-scanning coupled with azidochloropyridinyl photoaffinity labeling. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3735-41. [PMID: 19459645 DOI: 10.1021/jm900153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Agonists activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) include potential therapeutic agents and also toxicants such as epibatidine and neonicotinoid insecticides with a chloropyridinyl substituent. Nicotinic agonist interactions with mollusk (Aplysia californica) acetylcholine binding protein, a soluble surrogate of the nAChR extracellular domain, are precisely defined by scanning with 17 methionine and tyrosine mutants within the binding site by photoaffinity labeling with 5-azido-6-chloropyridin-3-yl probes that have similar affinities to their nonazido counterparts. Methionine and tyrosine are the only residues found derivatized, and their reactivity exquisitely depends on the direction of the azido moiety and its apposition to the reactive amino acid side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tomizawa
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112, USA
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Tasso B, Canu Boido C, Terranova E, Gotti C, Riganti L, Clementi F, Artali R, Bombieri G, Meneghetti F, Sparatore F. Synthesis, Binding, and Modeling Studies of New Cytisine Derivatives, as Ligands for Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4345-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Canu Boido
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Terranova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Loredana Riganti
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia “E. Trabucchi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Artali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bombieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “P. Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16139 Genova, Italy
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Pallavicini M, Bolchi C, Binda M, Cilia A, Clementi F, Ferrara R, Fumagalli L, Gotti C, Moretti M, Pedretti A, Vistoli G, Valoti E. 5-(2-Pyrrolidinyl)oxazolidinones and 2-(2-pyrrolidinyl)benzodioxanes: synthesis of all the stereoisomers and alpha4beta2 nicotinic affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:854-9. [PMID: 19097783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The four stereoisomers of 2-oxazolidinone 5-substituted with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl (1), of 1,4-benzodioxane 2-substituted with the same residue (2) and of the nor-methyl analogue of this latter (2a) were synthesized as candidate nicotinoids. Of the 12 compounds, two N-methylated pyrrolidinyl-benzodioxane stereoisomers, namely those with the same relative configuration at the pyrrolidine stereocentre as (S)-nicotine, bind at alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with submicromolar affinity. Consistently with the biological data, docking analysis enlightens significant differences in binding site interactions not only between 1 and 2, but also between 2 and 2a and between the stereoisomers of 2 accounting for the critical role played, in the case of the pyrrolidinyl-benzodioxanes, by the chirality of both the stereolabile and stereostable stereogenic atoms, namely the protonated tertiary nitrogen and the two asymmetric carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pallavicini
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Milano Pietro Pratesi, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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43
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González-Cestari TF, Henderson BJ, Pavlovicz RE, McKay SB, El-Hajj RA, Pulipaka AB, Orac CM, Reed DD, Boyd RT, Zhu MX, Li C, Bergmeier SC, McKay DB. Effect of novel negative allosteric modulators of neuronal nicotinic receptors on cells expressing native and recombinant nicotinic receptors: implications for drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:504-15. [PMID: 18984653 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.144576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of nAChRs is considered to be one of the most promising approaches for drug design targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We have reported previously on the pharmacological activity of several compounds that seem to act noncompetitively to inhibit the activation of alpha3beta4(*) nAChRs. In this study, the effects of 51 structurally similar molecules on native and recombinant alpha3beta4 nAChRs are characterized. These 51 molecules inhibited adrenal neurosecretion activated via stimulation of native alpha3beta4(*) nAChR, with IC(50) values ranging from 0.4 to 13.0 microM. Using cells expressing recombinant alpha3beta4 nAChRs, these molecules inhibited calcium accumulation (a more direct assay to establish nAChR activity), with IC(50) values ranging from 0.7 to 38.2 microM. Radiolabeled nAChR binding studies to orthosteric sites showed no inhibitory activity on either native or recombinant nAChRs. Correlation analyses of the data from both functional assays suggested additional, non-nAChR activity of the molecules. To test this hypothesis, the effects of the drugs on neurosecretion stimulated through non-nAChR mechanisms were investigated; inhibitory effects ranged from no inhibition to 95% inhibition at concentrations of 10 microM. Correlation analyses of the functional data confirmed this hypothesis. Several of the molecules (24/51) increased agonist binding to native nAChRs, supporting allosteric interactions with nAChRs. Computational modeling and blind docking identified a binding site for our negative allosteric modulators near the orthosteric binding site of the receptor. In summary, this study identified several molecules for potential development as negative allosteric modulators and documented the importance of multiple screening assays for nAChR drug discovery.
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Murineddu G, Murruzzu C, Curzu MM, Chelucci G, Gotti C, Gaimarri A, Legnani L, Toma L, Pinna GA. Synthesis of 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes as novel ligands for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6147-50. [PMID: 18938077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alpha series of novel 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives 4a-f was synthesized and their affinity and selectivity towards alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nAChR subtypes were evaluated. The results of the current study revealed a number of compounds (4a, 4b and 4c) having a very high affinity for alpha4beta2 (K(i) at alpha4beta2 ranging from 0.023 to 0.056 nM) versus alpha7 nAChR subtypes; among these compounds, the 3-(6-bromopyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane 4c was found to be the most alpha7alpha4beta2 selective term in receptor binding assays (alpha7alpha4beta2=1295). Moreover, compound 4d also had high affinity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype (K(i)=1.2 nM) with considerably high selectivity (alpha7/alpha4beta2=23300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Bombieri G, Meneghetti F, Artali R, Tasso B, Canu Boido C, Sparatore F. The Influence of the Nitrogen Substitution in Three Cytisine Derivatives as Ligands for the Neuronal nAChRs: A Structural and Theoretical Study. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:1867-78. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tutka P. Nicotinic receptor partial agonists as novel compounds for the treatment of smoking cessation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:1473-85. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.10.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Abin-Carriquiry JA, Costa G, Urbanavicius J, Cassels BK, Rebolledo-Fuentes M, Wonnacott S, Dajas F. In vivo modulation of dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathways by cytisine derivatives: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 589:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Galeote L, Maldonado R, Berrendero F. Involvement of kappa/dynorphin system in the development of tolerance to nicotine-induced antinociception. J Neurochem 2008; 105:1358-68. [PMID: 18221370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the possible role of kappa/dynorphin system in the development of tolerance to nicotine antinociception in mice. First, we observed that kappa-opioid receptor (KOP-r) participates in the acute spinal antinociception produced by nicotine (3 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) since the pre-treatment with the selective kappa antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated this response in the tail-immersion test but not in the hot-plate test nor in locomotor responses. Possible changes in the expression of KOP-r were investigated in tolerant mice to nicotine antinociception by using autoradiography of [3H]CI-977 binding. The density of KOP-r decreased in the spinal cord of tolerant mice. In addition, bi-directional cross-tolerance between nicotine (3 and 5 mg/kg, s.c.) and the selective kappa agonist U50,488H (10 mg/kg, s.c.) was found in the tail-immersion test. Recent evidences indicate that an up-regulation of dynorphin levels in the spinal cord and subsequent activation of NMDA receptors participate in the development of tolerance to opioid and cannabinoid antinociception. In this study, dynorphin content in the lumbar spinal cord was similar in control and nicotine tolerant mice. Furthermore, the administration of the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (0.03 and 0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) before each daily nicotine injection did not modify the development of nicotine tolerance. In summary, these data indicate that KOP-r is directly involved in the development of tolerance to nicotine antinociception by a mechanism independent from dynorphin and NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Galeote
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
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Etter JF, Lukas RJ, Benowitz NL, West R, Dresler CM. Cytisine for smoking cessation: a research agenda. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 92:3-8. [PMID: 17825502 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytisine has a molecular structure somewhat similar to that of nicotine and varenicline. The concept for the new smoking cessation drug varenicline was based partly on cytisine. Like varenicline, cytisine is a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with high affinity for alpha4beta2 receptors. Cytisine has been used since the 1960s as a smoking cessation drug in Eastern and Central Europe, but has remained largely unnoticed elsewhere. Three placebo-controlled trials, conducted in East and West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s, suggest that cytisine, even with minimal behavioural support, may be effective in aiding smoking cessation. Cytisine tablets are very inexpensive to produce and could be a more affordable treatment than nicotine replacement, bupropion and varenicline. There is however a dearth of scientific research on the properties of cytisine, including safety, abuse liability and efficacy. This paper seeks to identify research priorities for molecular, animal and clinical studies. In particular, new studies are necessary to define the nicotinic receptor interaction profile of cytisine, to establish its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans, to determine whether animals self-administer cytisine, and to ascertain whether cytisine is safe and effective as a smoking cessation drug. Potentially, this research effort, contributing to wider use of an inexpensive drug, could save many lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Etter
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Case Postale, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Roe SJ, Stockman RA. A two-directional approach to the anatoxin alkaloids: second synthesis of homoanatoxin and efficient synthesis of anatoxin-a. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3432-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b804304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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