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Barros ALAN, Hamed A, Marani M, Moreira DC, Eaton P, Plácido A, Kato MJ, Leite JRSA. The Arsenal of Bioactive Molecules in the Skin Secretion of Urodele Amphibians. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:810821. [PMID: 35095522 PMCID: PMC8795703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.810821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urodele amphibians (∼768 spp.), salamanders and newts, are a rich source of molecules with bioactive properties, especially those isolated from their skin secretions. These include pharmacological attributes, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, vasoactive, immune system modulation, and dermal wound healing activities. Considering the high demand for new compounds to guide the discovery of new drugs to treat conventional and novel diseases, this review summarizes the characteristics of molecules identified in the skin of urodele amphibians. We describe urodele-derived peptides and alkaloids, with emphasis on their biological activities, which can be considered new scaffolds for the pharmaceutical industry. Although much more attention has been given to anurans, bioactive molecules produced by urodeles have the potential to be used for biotechnological purposes and stand as viable alternatives for the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L A N Barros
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, PPGMT, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, NMT, Faculdade de Medicina, UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Abdelaaty Hamed
- Instituto de Química, IQ, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariela Marani
- IPEEC-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Peter Eaton
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Joseph Banks Laboratories, The Bridge, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Massuo J Kato
- Instituto de Química, IQ, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, PPGMT, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, NMT, Faculdade de Medicina, UnB, Brasília, Brazil.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, Porto, Portugal
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Biosynthesis and Modulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus: A Review of Targeting Genes and Secondary Metabolites. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant C. roseus synthesizes biologically active alkaloids via the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIAs) biosynthetic pathway. Most of these alkaloids have high therapeutic value, such as vinblastine and vincristine. Plant signaling components, plant hormones, precursors, growth hormones, prenylated proteins, and transcriptomic factors regulate the complex networks of TIA biosynthesis. For many years, researchers have been evaluating the scientific value of the TIA biosynthetic pathway and its potential in commercial applications for market opportunities. Metabolic engineering has revealed the major blocks in metabolic pathways regulated at the molecular level, unknown structures, metabolites, genes, enzyme expression, and regulatory genes. Conceptually, this information is necessary to create transgenic plants and microorganisms for the commercial production of high-value dimer alkaloids, such as vinca alkaloids, vinblastine, and vincristine In this review, we present current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of these components in the C. roseus TIA pathway, from genes to metabolites.
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Optimization of Tabersonine Methoxylation to Increase Vindoline Precursor Synthesis in Yeast Cell Factories. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123596. [PMID: 34208368 PMCID: PMC8231165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, including the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine, which both display anticancer activity. Both compounds can be obtained through the chemical condensation of their precursors vindoline and catharanthine extracted from leaves of the Madagascar periwinkle. However, the extensive use of these molecules in chemotherapy increases precursor demand and results in recurrent shortages, explaining why the development of alternative production approaches, such microbial cell factories, is mandatory. In this context, the precursor-directed biosynthesis of vindoline from tabersonine in yeast-expressing heterologous biosynthetic genes is of particular interest but has not reached high production scales to date. To circumvent production bottlenecks, the metabolic flux was channeled towards the MIA of interest by modulating the copy number of the first two genes of the vindoline biosynthetic pathway, namely tabersonine 16-hydroxylase and tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase. Increasing gene copies resulted in an optimized methoxylation of tabersonine and overcame the competition for tabersonine access with the third enzyme of the pathway, tabersonine 3-oxygenase, which exhibits a high substrate promiscuity. Through this approach, we successfully created a yeast strain that produces the fourth biosynthetic intermediate of vindoline without accumulation of other intermediates or undesired side-products. This optimization will probably pave the way towards the future development of yeast cell factories to produce vindoline at an industrial scale.
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Utilizing cross-species co-cultures for discovery of novel natural products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:252-262. [PMID: 33647849 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of new natural products, especially those with high biological activities and application values, is of great research significance. However, conventional methods based on the cultivation of microbial mono-cultures can hardly satisfy the increasing need of novel natural product generation. Recently, the development of co-cultures composed of different species has emerged as an effective approach for mining novel natural products. Inspired by microbial communities in nature, these co-culture systems create favorable environmental conditions to promote interactions between co-culture members for activating the natural product biosynthesis that is hard to induce otherwise. A large variety of novel natural products have been identified using this robust approach. This review summarizes the recent achievements of using cross-species co-cultures for natural products discovery and discusses the existing challenges and future directions.
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Analysis of secondary metabolites induced by yellowing process for understanding rice yellowing mechanism. Food Chem 2020; 342:128204. [PMID: 33097330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study applied wide-targeted metabolomics based approach using LC-ESI-MS/MS to characterize the secondary metabolic difference between yellowed and normal rice. The results indicated that the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, flavonols and phenolic acids was significantly enhanced during the rice yellowing process, which appears to be highly managed by phenylpropanoid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, rice yellowing led to an increased color parameter b* value, and a number of increased secondary metabolites in the yellowed rice such as homoeriodictyol, naringenin chalcone, 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone contributed to the yellow color. These may have application as potential biomarkers for characterizing rice yellowing.
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Bagheri M, Bushehri AAS, Hassandokht MR, Naghavi MR. Evaluation of Solasonine Content and Expression Patterns
of SGT1 Gene in Different Tissues of Two Iranian Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:236-242. [PMID: 28867954 PMCID: PMC5569347 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.02.17.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. The eggplant glycoalkaloids (GAs) are toxic secondary metabolites that may have detrimental effects on human health, particularly if the magnitudes of GAs are higher than the recommended food safety level (200 mg per kg of fresh mass). In this study, the content of solasonine compound and the expression patterns of solasodine galactosyltransferase (SGT1) gene were assessed in different tissues (mature leaves, flower buds, young, mature, and physiologically ripe fruits) of two Iranian eggplant genotypes (D1 and J10) under field conditions. The maximum mass fraction of solasonine in D1 was detected in flower buds (135.63 µg/g), followed by leaf (113.29 µg/g), physiologically ripe fruit (74.74 µg/g), young fruit (61.33 µg/g), and mature fruit (21.55 µg/g). Comparing both genotypes, the genotype of bitter fruits (J10) contained higher mass fraction of solasonine, as one of the main factors for producing bitter flavour of the plant. Regarding the expression profiles of SGT1, in both genotypes, the activity of the gene was increased nearly parallel with the concentration of solasonine. In the J10 genotype, transcript level of the gene was significantly higher than the genotype of sweet fruits (D1). Although both D1 and J10 genotypes are possibly recommendable for human food consumption, D1 is more suitable for daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Bagheri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research,
Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd., IR-31585-4119 Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shahnejat Bushehri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hassandokht
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd., IR-31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
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Tiago O, Maicon N, Ivan RC, Diego NF, Vinícius JS, Mauricio F, Alan JDP, Velci QDS. Plant secondary metabolites and its dynamical systems of induction in response to environmental factors: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajar2016.11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Pan Q, Saiman MZ, Mustafa NR, Verpoorte R, Tang K. A simple and rapid HPLC-DAD method for simultaneously monitoring the accumulation of alkaloids and precursors in different parts and different developmental stages of Catharanthus roseus plants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1014:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kumar K, Kumar SR, Dwivedi V, Rai A, Shukla AK, Shanker K, Nagegowda DA. Precursor feeding studies and molecular characterization of geraniol synthase establish the limiting role of geraniol in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:56-66. [PMID: 26398791 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are generally derived from strictosidine, which is formed by condensation of the terpene moiety secologanin and the indole moiety tryptamine. There are conflicting reports on the limitation of either terpene or indole moiety in the production of MIAs in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures. Formation of geraniol by geraniol synthase (GES) is the first step in secologanin biosynthesis. In this study, feeding of C. roseus leaves with geraniol, but not tryptophan (precursor for tryptamine), increased the accumulation of the MIAs catharanthine and vindoline, indicating the limitation of geraniol in MIA biosynthesis. This was further validated by molecular and in planta characterization of C. roseus GES (CrGES). CrGES transcripts exhibited leaf and shoot specific expression and were induced by methyl jasmonate. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CrGES significantly reduced the MIA content, which was restored to near-WT levels upon geraniol feeding. Moreover, over-expression of CrGES in C. roseus leaves increased MIA content. Further, CrGES exhibited correlation with MIA levels in leaves of different C. roseus cultivars and has significantly lower expression relative to other pathway genes. These results demonstrated that the transcriptional regulation of CrGES and thus, the in planta geraniol availability plays crucial role in MIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sarma Rajeev Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Avanish Rai
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
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Sievert C, Beuerle T, Hollmann J, Ober D. Single cell subtractive transcriptomics for identification of cell-specifically expressed candidate genes of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:17-24. [PMID: 26057225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Progress has recently been made in the elucidation of pathways of secondary metabolism. However, because of its diversity, genetic information concerning biosynthetic details is still missing for many natural products. This is also the case for the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. To close this gap, we tested strategies using tissues that express this pathway in comparison to tissues in which this pathway is not expressed. As many pathways of secondary metabolism are known to be induced by jasmonates, the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing species Heliotropium indicum, Symphytum officinale, and Cynoglossum officinale of the Boraginales order were treated with methyl jasmonate. An effect on pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels and on transcript levels of homospermidine synthase, the first specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, was not detectable. Therefore, a method was developed by making use of the often observed cell-specific production of secondary compounds. H. indicum produces pyrrolizidine alkaloids exclusively in the shoot. Homospermidine synthase is expressed only in the cells of the lower leaf epidermis and the epidermis of the stem. Suggesting that the whole pathway of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis might be localized in these cells, we have isolated single cells of the upper and lower epidermis by laser-capture microdissection. The resulting cDNA preparations have been used in a subtractive transcriptomic approach. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction has shown that the resulting library is significantly enriched for homospermidine-synthase-coding transcripts providing a valuable source for the identification of further genes involved in pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sievert
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Ober
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany.
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Zhao N, Wang G, Norris A, Chen X, Chen F. Studying Plant Secondary Metabolism in the Age of Genomics. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2013; 32:369-382. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2013.789648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Liu J, Zhu J, Tang L, Wen W, Lv S, Yu R. Enhancement of vindoline and vinblastine production in suspension-cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus by artemisinic acid elicitation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:175-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Scope and potential of halogenases in biosynthetic applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:276-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kliebenstein DJ. Making new molecules--evolution of structures for novel metabolites in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:112-7. [PMID: 23295108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are essential plant fitness within the natural environment by providing defense against attacking and competing organisms including bacteria, fungi, insects, animals and other plants. These compounds' defensive function is frequently intertwined with specific accumulation in novel developmental structures. While, the biochemical community is making great strides in identifying the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that allow these chemicals to be synthesized there is vastly less progress on understanding the developmental mechanisms that is equally key to their defensive function. In this review, I briefly delve into several novel developmental structures and provide evolutionary hypothesis for how they may have evolved and how they could be unique systems for studying key developmental processes that have heretofore been recalcitrant to study.
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Rao K, Chodisetti B, Mangamoori LN, Giri A. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd. for Enhanced Acetoxychavicol Acetate Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:339-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang X, Kapoor V, Smythe GA. Extraction and Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Active Principles from Selected Chinese Herbs and Other Medicinal Plants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 31:927-44. [PMID: 14992545 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0300165x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs have a long history of use in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine and a substantial body of evidence has, over recent decades, demonstrated a range of important pharmacological properties. Western biomedical researchers are examining not only the efficacy of the traditional herbal products but, through the use of a range of bioassays and analytical techniques, are developing improved methods to isolate and characterize active components. This review briefly describes the different extraction methodologies used in the preparation of herbal extracts and reviews the utility of chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of their active components. In particular, applications of gas or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the isolation and characterization of active components of ginseng are critically assessed. The analysis of toxic substances from herb extracts with mass spectrometric techniques is also discussed along with the potential for mass spectrometric methods to investigate the proteomics of herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosuo Wang
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Verma P, Mathur AK, Srivastava A, Mathur A. Emerging trends in research on spatial and temporal organization of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus: a literature update. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:255-68. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Valletta A, Trainotti L, Santamaria AR, Pasqua G. Cell-specific expression of tryptophan decarboxylase and 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase, key genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:69. [PMID: 20403175 PMCID: PMC3095343 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camptotheca acuminata is a major natural source of the terpenoid indole alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). At present, little is known about the cellular distribution of the biosynthesis of CPT, which would be useful knowledge for developing new strategies and technologies for improving alkaloid production. RESULTS The pattern of CPT accumulation was compared with the expression pattern of some genes involved in CPT biosynthesis in C. acuminata [i.e., Ca-TDC1 and Ca-TDC2 (encoding for tryptophan decarboxylase) and Ca-HGO (encoding for 10-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase)]. Both CPT accumulation and gene expression were investigated in plants at different degrees of development and in plantlets subjected to drought-stress. In all organs, CPT accumulation was detected in epidermal idioblasts, in some glandular trichomes, and in groups of idioblast cells localized in parenchyma tissues. Drought-stress caused an increase in CPT accumulation and in the number of glandular trichomes containing CPT, whereas no increase in epidermal or parenchymatous idioblasts was observed. In the leaf, Ca-TDC1 expression was detected in some epidermal cells and in groups of mesophyll cells but not in glandular trichomes; in the stem, it was observed in parenchyma cells of the vascular tissue; in the root, no expression was detected. Ca-TDC2 expression was observed exclusively in leaves of plantlets subjected to drought-stress, in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1. In the leaf, Ca-HGO was detected in all chlorenchyma cells; in the stem, it was observed in the same sites described for Ca-TDC1; in the root, no expression was detected. CONCLUSIONS The finding that the sites of CPT accumulation are not consistently the same as those in which the studied genes are expressed demonstrates an organ-to-organ and cell-to-cell translocation of CPT or its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Plant Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Trainotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Trieste 75, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Santamaria
- Department of Plant Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasqua
- Department of Plant Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Tang Z, Rao L. Applying Aluminum Oxide Column Chromatography Purify Extracts ofCathuranthus Roseusand Simultaneous Determination of the Indole Alkaloids by HPLC. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903325773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Campos-Tamayo F, Hernández-Domínguez E, Vázquez-Flota F. Vindoline formation in shoot cultures of Catharanthus roseus is synchronously activated with morphogenesis through the last biosynthetic step. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2008; 102:409-415. [PMID: 18587132 PMCID: PMC2701790 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) produces the monoterpenoid alkaloid vindoline, which requires a specialized cell organization present only in the aerial tissues. Vindoline content can be affected by photoperiod and this effect seems to be associated with the morphogenetic capacity of branches; this association formed the basis of the study reported here. METHODS Vindoline-producing in vitro shoot cultures were exposed either to continuous light or a 16-h photoperiod regime. New plantlet formation and alkaloid biosynthesis were analysed throughout a culture cycle. KEY RESULTS In cultures under the photoperiod, the formation of new plantlets occurred in a more synchronized fashion as compared to those under continuous light. The accumulation of vindoline in cultures under the photoperiod occurred in co-ordination with plantlet formation, in contrast to cultures under continuous light, and coincided with a peak of activity of deacetylvindoline acetyl CoA acetyltransferase (DAT), the enzyme that catalyses the last step in vindoline biosynthesis. When new plantlet formation was blocked in cultures under the photoperiod by treatment with phytoregulators, vindoline synthesis was also reduced via an effect on DAT activity. No association between plantlet formation and other biosynthetic enzymes, such as tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) and deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase (D4H), was found. Effects of light treatment on vindoline synthesis were not mediated by ORCA-3 proteins (which are involved in the induction of alkaloid synthesis in response to elicitation), suggesting that the presence of a different set of regulatory proteins. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that vindoline biosynthesis is associated with morphogenesis in shoot cultures of C. roseus.
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Engineering Formation of Medicinal Compounds in Cell Cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1755-0408(07)01011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Dutta A, Singh D, Kumar S, Sen J. Transcript profiling of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway genes and regulators reveals strong expression of repressors in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:907-15. [PMID: 17333024 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the complexities and molecular events regulating genes and the activators involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) metabolism is known to a certain extent in cell cultures of an important TIA yielding plant, Catharanthus roseus, though it is not yet complete. Recently, the repressors of early TIA pathway genes have also been identified. However, their roles in the regulation of TIA pathway in C. roseus cell cultures remains yet unknown. We have made a comparative profiling of genes catalyzing the important steps of 2-C methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP), shikimate and TIA biosynthetic pathways, their activator and repressors using macroarray, semiquantitative RT-PCR and northern analyses in a rotation culture system of C. roseus comprising differentiated and proliferated cells. Our results demonstrate that TIA biosynthetic pathway genes and their activators show variable expression pattern, which was correlated with the changes in the cellular conditions in these systems. Under similar conditions, TIA pathway repressors show strong and consistent expression. The role of repressors in the complex regulation of the TIA pathway in C. roseus cell cultures is discussed. The results were supported by HPLC data, which demonstrated that the molecular program of cellular differentiation is intimately linked with TIA pathway gene expression and TIA production in C. roseus cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaswrata Dutta
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, P. O. Box 10531, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Gregianini TS, Silveira VC, Porto DD, Kerber VA, Henriques AT, Fett-Neto AG. The Alkaloid Brachycerine is Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation and is a Singlet Oxygen Quencher¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780470tabiib2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kato N, Dubouzet E, Kokabu Y, Yoshida S, Taniguchi Y, Dubouzet JG, Yazaki K, Sato F. Identification of a WRKY protein as a transcriptional regulator of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Coptis japonica. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 48:8-18. [PMID: 17132631 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcl041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Selected cultured Coptis japonica cells produce a large amount of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid berberine. Previous studies have suggested that berberine productivity is controlled at the transcript level of biosynthetic genes. We have identified a regulator of transcription in berberine biosynthesis using functional genomics with a transient RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression of the candidate gene. The 24 primary candidate clones were selected from 1,014 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were obtained from a C. japonica cell line producing high levels of berberine. Further characterization of the expression profiles of these ESTs suggested that five ESTs would be good candidates as regulators of berberine production. A newly developed transient RNAi system with C. japonica protoplasts indicated that double-stranded RNA of an EST clone significantly reduced the level of transcripts of 3'-hydroxy N-methylcoclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase. Sequence analysis showed that this EST encoded a group-II WRKY, and we named it CjWRKY1. When the effects of double-stranded RNA of the CjWRKY1 gene were examined in detail, a marked reduction in the transcripts of all genes involved in berberine biosynthesis was detected, whereas little effect was found in the transcript levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and chorismate mutase (CM) that are associated with primary metabolism. Ectopic expression of CjWRKY1 cDNA in C. japonica protoplasts clearly increased the level of transcripts of all berberine biosynthetic genes examined compared with control treatment, whereas the levels of GAPDH and CM were not affected. The functional role of CjWRKY1 as a specific and comprehensive regulator of berberine biosynthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kato
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Murata J, Bienzle D, Brandle JE, Sensen CW, De Luca V. Expressed sequence tags from Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4501-7. [PMID: 16870181 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is well known to produce the chemotherapeutic anticancer agents, vinblastine and vincristine. In spite of its importance, no expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of this plant has been reported. Two cDNA libraries were generated from RNA isolated from the base part of young leaves and from root tips to select 9,824 random clones for unidirectional sequencing, to yield 3,327 related sequences and 1,696 singletons by cluster analysis. Putative functions of 3,663 clones were assigned, from 5,023 non-redundant ESTs to establish a resource for transcriptome analysis and gene discovery in this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Murata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ont., Canada L2S3A1
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26
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O'Connor SE, Maresh JJ. Chemistry and biology of monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:532-47. [PMID: 16874388 DOI: 10.1039/b512615k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 18-592, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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Dutta A, Batra J, Pandey-Rai S, Singh D, Kumar S, Sen J. Expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway genes corresponds to accumulation of related alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. PLANTA 2005; 220:376-83. [PMID: 15714355 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, a medicinally important plant, produces anticancer dimeric alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, in the leaves and accumulates antihypertensive alkaloids, ajmalicine and serpentine, in the roots. This plant grows wild in distant tropical and sub-tropical geographical locations with different agro-climates and shows wide variations in morphological and alkaloid yield-related traits. In order to understand the correlation between the expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) pathway genes and accumulation of related alkaloids, six different genetic resources of C. roseus, including the medicinal cultivars Nirmal, Prabal, Dhawal, the mutants gsr-3 and gsr-6, and one horticultural variety, Pacifica blush, were studied. The expression profiles of one early and two late TIA biosynthetic pathway genes, namely, strictosidine synthase, desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase and deacetyl vindoline 4-O-acetyl transferase were analyzed in these plants. A positive correlation between transcript abundance and accumulation of related alkaloids was observed in the different genetic resources. The potential of these TIA biosynthetic pathway genes for use in screening of high-yielding C. roseus germplasm has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaswrata Dutta
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, P.O. Box 10531, 110 067 New Delhi, India
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Facchini PJ, Bird DA, St-Pierre B. Can Arabidopsis make complex alkaloids? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2004; 9:116-22. [PMID: 15003234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
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Rodriguez S, Compagnon V, Crouch NP, St-Pierre B, De Luca V. Jasmonate-induced epoxidation of tabersonine by a cytochrome P-450 in hairy root cultures of Catharanthus roseus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 64:401-409. [PMID: 12943756 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate, a chemical inducer of secondary metabolism, was shown to promote tabersonine 2 biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Tabersonine 6,7-epoxidase activity was detected in total protein extract of jasmonate-induced hairy root cultures using labeled 14C-tabersonine 2. This enzyme converted tabersonine 2 to lochnericine 3 by selective epoxidation at positions 6 and 7 via a reaction dependent on NADPH and molecular oxygen. Carbon monoxide, clotrimazole, miconazole, and cytochrome C were shown to be strong inhibitors of the enzyme. The activity was found in microsomes, indicating that tabersonine 6,7-epoxidase was a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rodriguez
- Service de l'environnement et de l'énergie, Les Croisettes, CP 33 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of plant alkaloids is composed of several distinct enzymes of varying substrate specificities. Homology-based cloning of candidate genes and their subsequent functional testing in heterologous expression systems are accelerating the pace at which the gene catalogues of alkaloid biosynthesis are expanding. Availability of diverse genes involved in the biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, and regulation of pharmaceutically important alkaloids should steadily advance our molecular understanding of alkaloid biology and will enable us to devise more rational strategies for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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Gregianini TS, da Silveira VC, Porto DD, Kerber VA, Henriques AT, Fett-Neto AG. The Alkaloid Brachycerine is Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation and is a Singlet Oxygen Quencher¶. Photochem Photobiol 2003; 78:470-4. [PMID: 14653578 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0470:tabiib>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on chlorophyll content and accumulation of the anti-inflammatory monoterpene-indole alkaloid brachycerine in plants and calli of Psychotria brachyceras (Rubiaceae) were investigated. In this study, we also investigated a protective role for brachycerine against stress conditions. Calli and tip cuttings incubated in nutrient media were daily supplemented with 4 or 16 h of UV. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of methanolic extracts showed only traces of brachycerine in irradiated aseptic cultures, with no alkaloid being observed in control calli. In cuttings, a 10-fold increase in brachycerine content was seen after exposure for 16 h to UV-C, whereas a 4 h daily supplementation doubled the amount of the alkaloid in leaves. Exposure to a UV-B source also doubled the alkaloid yield. In vitro brachycerine was able to quench singlet oxygen. The data indicate a potential protective role for brachycerine against UV radiation, acting as a UV filter (absorption peaks are within the UV range) and a reactive oxygen species scavenger. In addition, UV radiation may be used to increase yields of this compound of pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Gregianini
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Chapter eight Biochemistry and molecular biology of indole alkaloid biosynthesis: The implication of recent discoveries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-9920(03)80023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Morishige T, Dubouzet E, Choi KB, Yazaki K, Sato F. Molecular cloning of columbamine O-methyltransferase from cultured Coptis japonica cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:5659-67. [PMID: 12423366 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To identify all of the O-methyltransferase genes involved in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Coptis japonica cells, we sequenced 1014 cDNA clones isolated from high-alkaloid-producing cultured cells of C. japonica. Among them, we found all three reported O-methyltransferases and an O-methyltransferase-like cDNA clone (CJEST64). This cDNA was quite similar to S-adenosyl-l-methionine:coclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase and S-adenosyl-l-methionine:isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase. As S-adenosyl-l-methionine:columbamine O-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of columbamine to palmatine, is one of the remaining unelucidated components in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in C. japonica, we heterologously expressed the protein in Escherichia coli and examined the activity of columbamine O-methyltransferase. The recombinant protein clearly showed O-methylation activity using columbamine, as well as (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine, (S)-, (R,S)-scoulerine and (R,S)-2,3,9,10-tetrahydroxyprotoberberine as substrates. This result clearly indicated that EST analysis was useful for isolating the candidate gene in a relatively well-characterized biosynthetic pathway. The relationship between the structure and substrate recognition of the O-methyltransferases involved in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and a reconsideration of the biosynthetic pathway to palmatine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Morishige
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
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Wittstock U, Gershenzon J. Constitutive plant toxins and their role in defense against herbivores and pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2002; 5:300-7. [PMID: 12179963 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most recent investigations have focused on induced, rather than constitutive, plant defenses. Yet significant research has helped to illuminate some of the principal characteristics of constitutive defenses, including mechanisms of action and synergistic effects, as well as strategies used by herbivores and pathogens to circumvent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wittstock
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Winzerlaer Strasse 10, Beutenberg Campus, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Tikhomiroff C, Jolicoeur M. Screening of Catharanthus roseus secondary metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 955:87-93. [PMID: 12061566 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two direct HPLC analytical methods for the screening of the major indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus hairy roots and their iridoid precursors have been developed. Photodiode array and fluorescence detection were performed. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column. The first method allowed the separation of catharanthine, serpentine, tabersonine, vindoline, vinblastine, and vincristine in 20 min. Ajmalicine, tryptophan, tryptamine and secologanine were separated using the second method in 13 min. The identification of the compounds was based on the retention time and the comparison of UV spectra with those of authentic standards. A simplified alkaloid extraction method was developed in order to accelerate sample preparation. The assays were successfully used to quantify major compounds of the secondary metabolism of hairy root cultures of C. roseus, thus providing a reliable tool for rapid screening of C. roseus secondary metabolite samples. In these cultures, ajmalicine, serpentine, catharanthine, tabersonine, and tryptamine were detected, but tryptophan, vindoline, vinblastine and vincristine were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tikhomiroff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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