1
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Zhang F, Xia S, Lin H, Liu J, Huang W. Microbial Proline Racemase-Proline Dehydrogenase Cascade for Efficient Production of D-proline and N-boc-5-hydroxy-L-proline from L-proline. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4135-4146. [PMID: 35635604 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
D-proline and N-boc-5-hydroxy-L-proline are key chiral intermediates in the production of eletriptan and saxagliptin, respectively. An efficient proline racemase-proline dehydrogenase cascade was developed for the enantioselective production of D-proline. It included the racemization of L-proline to DL-proline and the enantioselective dehydrogenation of L-proline in DL-proline. The racemization of L-proline to DL-proline used an engineered proline racemase (ProR). L-proline up to 1000 g/L could be racemized to DL-proline with 1 g/L of wet Escherichia coli cells expressing ProR within 48 h. The efficient dehydrogenation of L-proline in DL-proline was achieved using whole cells of proline dehydrogenase-producing Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes XW-40. Moreover, using a cell-recycling strategy, D-proline was obtained in 45.7% yield with an enantiomeric excess of 99.6%. N-boc-5-hydroxy-L-proline was also synthesized from L-glutamate semialdehyde, a dehydrogenated product of L-proline, in a 16.7% yield. The developed proline racemase-proline dehydrogenase cascade exhibits great potential and economic competitiveness for manufacturing D-proline and N-boc-5-hydroxy-L-proline from L-proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data On Bio-Intelligence, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data On Bio-Intelligence, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data On Bio-Intelligence, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data On Bio-Intelligence, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, People's Republic of China
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2
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Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:146-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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Insights into Brevibacillus borstelensis AK1 through Whole Genome Sequencing: A Thermophilic Bacterium Isolated from a Hot Spring in Saudi Arabia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5862437. [PMID: 29992154 PMCID: PMC5994324 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5862437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brevibacillus borstelensis AK1 is a thermophile which grows between the temperatures of 45°C and 70°C. The present study is an extended genome report of B. borstelensis AK1 along with the morphological characterization. The strain is isolated from a hot spring in Saudi Arabia (southeast of the city Gazan). It is observed that the strain AK1 is rod-shaped, motile, and strictly aerobic bacterium. The whole genome sequence resulted in 29 contigs with a total length of 5,155,092 bp. In total, 3,946 protein-coding genes and 139 RNA genes were identified. Comparison with the previously submitted strains of B. borstelensis strains illustrates that strain AK1 has a small genome size but high GC content. The strain possesses putative genes for degradation of a wide range of substrates including polyethylene (plastic) and long-chain hydrocarbons. These genomic features may be useful for future environmental/biotechnological applications.
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4
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Gong R, Yao P, Chen X, Feng J, Wu Q, Lau PCK, Zhu D. Accessing d
-Valine Synthesis by Improved Variants of Bacterial Cyclohexylamine Oxidase. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Peter C. K. Lau
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
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5
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Duque E, Daddaoua A, Cordero BF, De la Torre J, Antonia Molina-Henares M, Ramos JL. Identification and elucidation of in vivo function of two alanine racemases from Pseudomonas putida KT2440. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:581-588. [PMID: 28799718 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The genome of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 contains two open reading frames (ORFs), PP_3722 and PP_5269, that encode proteins with a Pyridoxal phosphate binding motif and a high similarity to alanine racemases. Alanine racemases play a key role in the biosynthesis of D-alanine, a crucial amino acid in the peptidoglycan layer. For these ORFs, we generated single and double mutants and found that inactivation of PP_5269 resulted in D-alanine auxotrophy, while inactivation of PP_3722 did not. Furthermore, as expected, the PP_3722/PP_5269 double mutant was a strict auxotroph for D-alanine. These results indicate that PP_5269 is an alr allele and that it is the essential alanine racemase in P. putida. We observed that the PP_5269 mutant grew very slowly, while the double PP_5269/PP_3722 mutant did not grow at all. This suggests that PP_3722 may replace PP_5269 in vivo. In fact, when the ORF encoding PP_3772 was cloned into a wide host range expression vector, ORF PP_3722 successfully complemented P. putida PP_5269 mutants. We purified both proteins to homogeneity and while they exhibit similar KM values, the Vmax of PP_5269 is fourfold higher than that of PP_3722. Here, we propose that PP_5269 and PP_3722 encode functional alanine racemases and that these genes be named alr-1 and alr-2 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Duque
- Department of Environmental Protection, CSIC-Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Abdelali Daddaoua
- Department of Environmental Protection, CSIC-Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Baldo F Cordero
- Department of Environmental Protection, CSIC-Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús De la Torre
- Department of Environmental Protection, CSIC-Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan-Luis Ramos
- Department of Environmental Protection, CSIC-Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
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6
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Frese A, Sutton PW, Turkenburg JP, Grogan G. Snapshots of the Catalytic Cycle of the Industrial Enzyme α-Amino-ε-Caprolactam Racemase (ACLR) Observed Using X-ray Crystallography. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Frese
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Sutton
- GSK Medicines
Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Johan P. Turkenburg
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
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7
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Chen M, Shi C, Zhao J, Gao Z, Zhang C. Application and microbial preparation of D-valine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:171. [PMID: 27565781 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
D-Valine is an important organic chiral source and has extensive industrial application, which is used as intermediate for the synthesis of agricultural pesticides, semi-synthetic veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceutical drugs. Its derivatives have shown great activity in clinical use, such as penicillamine for the treatment of immune-deficiency diseases, and actinomycin D for antitumor therapy. Fluvalinate, a pyrethroid pesticide made from D-valine, is a broad-spectrum insecticide with low mammalian toxicity. Valnemulin, a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin derivative synthesized from D-valine, is an antibiotic for animals. Moreover, D-valine is also used in cell culture for selectively inhibiting fibroblasts proliferation. Due to its widespread application, D-valine is gaining more and more attention and some approaches for D-valine preparation have been investigated. In comparison with other approaches, microbial preparation of D-valine is more competitive and promising because of its high stereo selectivity, mild reaction conditions and environmental friendly process. So far, microbial preparation of D-valine can be mainly classified into three categories: microbial asymmetric degradation of DL-valine, microbial stereoselective hydrolysis of N-acyl-DL-valine by D-aminoacylase, and microbial specific hydrolysis of DL-5-isopropylhydantoin by D-hydantoinase coupled with D-carbamoylase. In this paper, the industrial application of D-valine and its microbial preparation are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Gao
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzhi Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Nian Y, Wang J, Zhou S, Dai W, Wang S, Moriwaki H, Kawashima A, Soloshonok VA, Liu H. Purely Chemical Approach for Preparation of d-α-Amino Acids via (S)-to-(R)-Interconversion of Unprotected Tailor-Made α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3501-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Nian
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shengbin Zhou
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenhao Dai
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuni Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hiroki Moriwaki
- Hamari Chemicals
Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-0024, Japan
| | - Aki Kawashima
- Hamari Chemicals
Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-0024, Japan
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda
Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Gaffney D, Abdallah NH, Cooney JC, Laffir FR, Cassimjee KE, Berglund P, Hanefeld U, Magner E. Preparation and characterisation of a Ni2+/Co2+-cyclam modified mesoporous cellular foam for the specific immobilisation of His6-alanine racemase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Qiu J, Su E, Wang W, Wei D. Efficient asymmetric synthesis of d-N-formyl-phenylglycine via cross-linked nitrilase aggregates catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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11
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Sorochinsky AE, Ueki H, Aceña JL, Ellis TK, Moriwaki H, Sato T, Soloshonok VA. Chemical deracemization and (S) to (R) interconversion of some fluorine-containing α-amino acids. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Böhmer N, Dautel A, Eisele T, Fischer L. Recombinant expression, purification and characterisation of the native glutamate racemase from Lactobacillus plantarum NC8. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 88:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Sorochinsky AE, Ueki H, Aceña JL, Ellis TK, Moriwaki H, Sato T, Soloshonok VA. Chemical approach for interconversion of (S)- and (R)-α-amino acids. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4503-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Patel RN. Biocatalysis: Synthesis of Key Intermediates for Development of Pharmaceuticals. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh N. Patel
- Biotechnology Department, Unimark Remedies, Ltd., Mumbai, India
- SLRP Associates, LLC, 572 Cabot Hill Road, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
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15
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Ramezani M, White RL. Enantioselective catabolism of racemic serine: preparation of d-serine using whole cells of Fusobacterium nucleatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Brenna E, Gatti FG, Manfredi A, Monti D, Parmeggiani F. Biocatalyzed Enantioselective Reduction of Activated C=C Bonds: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched α-Halo-β-arylpropionic Acids. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Singh S, Gogoi BK, Bezbaruah RL. Racemic resolution of some DL-amino acids using Aspergillus fumigatus L-amino acid oxidase. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:94-9. [PMID: 21590326 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Aspergillus fumigatus L-amino acid oxidase (L-aao) to cause the resolution of racemic mixtures of DL-amino acids was investigated with DL-alanine, DL-phenylalanine, DL-tyrosine, and DL-aspartic acid. A chiral column, Crownpak CR+ was used for the analysis of the amino acids. The enzyme was able to cause the resolution of the three DL-amino acids resulting in the production of optically pure D-alanine (100% resolution), D-phenylalanine (80.2%), and D-tyrosine (84.1%), respectively. The optically pure D-amino acids have many uses and thus can be exploited industrially. This is the first report of the use of A. fumigatus L: -amino acid oxidase for racemic resolution of DL-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Singh
- Biotechnology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.
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18
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Corynebacterium glutamicum as a host for synthesis and export of D-Amino Acids. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:1702-9. [PMID: 21257776 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01295-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of d-amino acids occur in nature, and there is growing interest in their function and metabolism, as well as in their production and use. Here we use the well-established l-amino-acid-producing bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum to study whether d-amino acid synthesis is possible and whether mechanisms for the export of these amino acids exist. In contrast to Escherichia coli, C. glutamicum tolerates d-amino acids added extracellularly. Expression of argR (encoding the broad-substrate-specific racemase of Pseudomonas taetrolens) with its signal sequence deleted results in cytosolic localization of ArgR in C. glutamicum. The isolated enzyme has the highest activity with lysine (100%) but also exhibits activity with serine (2%). Upon overexpression of argR in an l-arginine, l-ornithine, or l-lysine producer, equimolar mixtures of the d- and l-enantiomers accumulated extracellularly. Unexpectedly, argR overexpression in an l-serine producer resulted in extracellular accumulation of a surplus of d-serine (81 mM d-serine and 37 mM l-serine) at intracellular concentrations of 125 mM d-serine plus 125 mM l-serine. This points to a nonlimiting ArgR activity for intracellular serine racemization and to the existence of a specific export carrier for d-serine. Export of d-lysine relies fully on the presence of lysE, encoding the exporter for l-lysine, which is apparently promiscuous with respect to the chirality of lysine. These data show that d-amino acids can also be produced with C. glutamicum and that in special cases, due to specific carriers, even a preferential extracellular accumulation of this enantiomer is possible.
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19
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Isobe K, Tamauchi H, Fuhshuku KI, Nagasawa S, Asano Y. A Simple Enzymatic Method for Production of a Wide Variety of D-Amino Acids Using L-Amino Acid Oxidase from Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1. Enzyme Res 2010; 2010:567210. [PMID: 21048866 PMCID: PMC2962901 DOI: 10.4061/2010/567210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple enzymatic method for production of a wide variety of D-amino acids was developed by kinetic resolution of DL-amino acids using L-amino acid oxidase (L-AAO) with broad substrate specificity from Rhodococcus sp. AIU Z-35-1. The optimum pH of the L-AAO reaction was classified into three groups depending on the L-amino acids as substrate, and their respective activities between pH 5.5 and 8.5 accounted for more than 60% of the optimum activity. The enzyme was stable in the range from pH 6.0 to 8.0, and approximately 80% of the enzyme activity remained after incubation at 40°C for 60 min at pH 7.0. D-Amino acids such as D-citrulline, D-glutamine, D-homoserine or D-arginine, which are not produced by D-aminoacylases or D-hydantoinases, were produced from the racemic mixture within a 24-hr reaction at 30°C and pH 7.0. Thus, the present method using L-AAO was versatile for production of a wide variety of D-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyasu Isobe
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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20
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Nara TY, Togashi H, Sekikawa C, Inoh K, Hisamatsu K, Sakaguchi K, Mizukami F, Tsunoda T. Functional immobilization of racemase by adsorption on folded-sheet mesoporous silica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Findrik Z, Vasić-Rački Đ. Mathematical modelling of amino acid resolution catalyzed by l-amino acid oxidases from Crotalus adamanteus and Crotalus atrox. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Hanson RL, Davis BL, Goldberg SL, Johnston RM, Parker WL, Tully TP, Montana MA, Patel RN. Enzymatic Preparation of a d-Amino Acid from a Racemic Amino Acid or Keto Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op800149q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L. Hanson
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Brian L. Davis
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Steven L. Goldberg
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Robert M. Johnston
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - William L. Parker
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Thomas P. Tully
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Michael A. Montana
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh N. Patel
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A
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23
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Komeda H, Asano Y. A novel d-stereoselective amino acid amidase from Brevibacterium iodinum: Gene cloning, expression and characterization. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Paul S, Chaudhuri TK. Chaperone mediated solubilization of 69-kDa recombinant maltodextrin glucosidase in Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:35-41. [PMID: 18171380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the factors affecting expression and solubilization of Escherichia coli maltodextrin glucosidase in E. coli. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression level and solubilization of the recombinant E. coli maltodextrin glucosidase was studied in E. coli at different temperatures, in presence of overexpressed GroEL, GroES and externally supplemented glycerol. Aggregation of maltodextrin glucosidase in the cytoplasm was partially prevented by the co-expression of GroEL and GroES, and using externally supplemented glycerol or lowering the culture temperature. Co-expression of GroEL and GroES or simultaneous presence of overexpressed GroEL, GroES and externally supplemented glycerol together resulted significant increase of the activity of maltodextrin glucosidase. The growth rate of E. coli was inhibited by the formation of inclusion bodies whereas the presence of overexpressed GroEL, GroES alone or together with glycerol enhanced the growth rate of E. coli substantially. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that lowering the temperature, use of GroEL, GroES and glycerol could be few controlling factors for the solubilization of recombinant aggregation-prone maltodextrin glucosidase in E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study could help in developing the strategy for enhancing the production of soluble industrial enzymes and finding the therapeutic agents against protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paul
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
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Chemoenzymatic preparation of enantiopure l-benzofuranyl- and l-benzo[b]thiophenyl alanines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Findrik Z, Vasić-Racki D. Biotransformation of D-methionine into L-methionine in the cascade of four enzymes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 98:956-67. [PMID: 17534960 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
D-Methionine was converted to L-methionine in a reaction system where four enzymes were used. D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO) from Arthrobacter protophormiae was used for the complete conversion of D-methionine to 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid. Catalase was added to prevent 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid decarboxylation. In the second reaction step, L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase (L-PheDH) from Rhodococcus sp. was used to convert 2- oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid to L-methionine, and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Candida boidinii was added for NADH regeneration. Enzyme kinetics of all enzymes was analyzed in detail. Mathematical models for separate reactions steps, as well as for the complete system were developed and validated in the batch reactor experiments. Complete conversion of D-methionine to L-methionine was achieved. Considering that both enzymes act on different substrates, such a system could be easily employed for the synthesis of other amino acids from D-isomer, as well as from the racemate of a certain amino acid (DL-amino acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Findrik
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Savska c. 16, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Skey J, O'reilly RK. Synthesis of chiral micelles and nanoparticles from amino acid based monomers using RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Komeda H, Hariyama N, Asano Y. l-Stereoselective amino acid amidase with broad substrate specificity from Brevundimonas diminuta: characterization of a new member of the leucine aminopeptidase family. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 70:412-21. [PMID: 16001251 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brevundimonas diminuta TPU 5720 produces an amidase acting L-stereoselectively on phenylalaninamide. The enzyme (LaaA(Bd)) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and four steps of column chromatography. The final preparation gave a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of approximately 53,000. The native molecular weight of the enzyme was about 288,000 based on gel filtration chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme is active as a homohexamer. It had maximal activity at 50 degrees C and pH 7.5. LaaA(Bd) lost its activity almost completely on dialysis against potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and the amidase activity was largely restored by the addition of Co(2+) ions. The enzyme was, however, inactivated in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid even in the presence of Co(2+), suggesting that LaaA(Bd) is a Co(2+)-dependent enzyme. LaaA(Bd) had hydrolyzing activity toward a broad range of L-amino acid amides including L-phenylalaninamide, L-glutaminamide, L-leucinamide, L-methioninamide, L-argininamide, and L-2-aminobutyric acid amide. Using information on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme, the gene encoding LaaA(Bd) was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of the strain and sequenced. Analysis of 4,446 bp of the cloned DNA revealed the presence of seven open-reading frames (ORFs), one of which (laaA ( Bd )) encodes the amidase. LaaA(Bd) is composed of 491 amino acid residues (calculated molecular weight 51,127), and the deduced amino acid sequence exhibits significant similarity to that of ORFs encoding hypothetical cytosol aminopeptidases found in the genomes of Caulobacter crescentus, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Mesorhizobium loti, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and leucine aminopeptidases, PepA, from Rickettsia prowazekii, Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633, and Escherichia coli K-12. The laaA ( Bd ) gene modified in the nucleotide sequence upstream from its start codon was overexpressed in an E. coli transformant. The activity of the recombinant LaaA(Bd) in cell-free extracts of the E. coli transformant was 25.9 units mg(-1) with L-phenylalaninamide as substrate, which was 50 times higher than that of B. diminuta TPU 5720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Komeda
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kosugi, Japan
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Carboni C, Kierkels HG, Gardossi L, Tamiola K, Janssen DB, Quaedflieg PJ. Preparation of d-amino acids by enzymatic kinetic resolution using a mutant of penicillin-G acylase from E. coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Asano Y, Lübbehüsen TL. Enzymes acting on peptides containing D-amino acid. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 89:295-306. [PMID: 16232749 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)88949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2000] [Accepted: 02/21/2000] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mainly microorganisms but only a few higher organisms are presently known to express enzymes that hydrolyze peptides containing D-amino acids. These enzymes can be involved in proceedings at the bacterial cell wall, in either assembly or modification, and thus cause resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics, or mediate resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics. In other cases the in vivo function is still unknown. New enzymes screened from nature, such as D-aminopeptidase, D-amino acid amidase, alkaline D-peptidase or D-aminoacylase, offer potential application in the production of D-amino acids, the synthesis of D-amino acid oligomers by promoting the reversed reaction under appropriate conditions, or in the field of semi-synthetic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Hongpattarakere T, Komeda H, Asano Y. Purification, characterization, gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing of D-stereospecific amino acid amidase from soil bacterium: Delftia acidovorans. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 32:567-76. [PMID: 15959727 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The D-amino acid amidase-producing bacterium was isolated from soil samples using an enrichment culture technique in medium broth containing D-phenylalanine amide as a sole source of nitrogen. The strain exhibiting the strongest activity was identified as Delftia acidovorans strain 16. This strain produced intracellular D-amino acid amidase constitutively. The enzyme was purified about 380-fold to homogeneity and its molecular mass was estimated to be about 50 kDa, on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was active preferentially toward D-amino acid amides rather than their L-counterparts. It exhibited strong amino acid amidase activity toward aromatic amino acid amides including D-phenylalanine amide, D-tryptophan amide and D-tyrosine amide, yet it was not specifically active toward low-molecular-weight D-amino acid amides such as D-alanine amide, L-alanine amide and L-serine amide. Moreover, it was not specifically active toward oligopeptides. The enzyme showed maximum activity at 40 degrees C and pH 8.5 and appeared to be very stable, with 92.5% remaining activity after the reaction was performed at 45 degrees C for 30 min. However, it was mostly inactivated in the presence of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride or Cd2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and As3+ . The NH2 terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the enzyme were determined; and the gene was cloned and sequenced. The enzyme gene damA encodes a 466-amino-acid protein (molecular mass 49,860.46 Da); and the deduced amino acid sequence exhibits homology to the D-amino acid amidase from Variovorax paradoxus (67.9% identity), the amidotransferase A subunit from Burkholderia fungorum (50% identity) and other enantioselective amidases.
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Komeda H, Asano Y. Genes for an alkaline D-stereospecific endopeptidase and its homolog are located in tandem on Bacillus cereus genome. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 228:1-9. [PMID: 14612229 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline D-peptidase (Adp) from Bacillus cereus DF4-B is a D-stereospecific endopeptidase acting on oligopeptides composed of D-phenylalanine and the primary structure deduced from its gene, adp, shows a similarity with D-stereospecific hydrolases from Ochrobactrum anthropi strains. We have isolated DNA fragments covering the flanking region of adp from DF4-B genome and found an additional gene, adp2, located upstream of adp. The deduced amino acid sequence of Adp2 showed 96% and 85% identity with those of Adp from B. cereus strains AH559 and DF4-B, respectively. The recombinant Adp2 expressed in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and characterized. It had hydrolyzing activity toward (D-Phe)3, (D-Phe)4, and (D-Phe)6 but did not act on (L-Phe)4, D-Phe-NH2, and L-Phe-NH2, some characteristics that are closely related to those of Adp from strain DF4-B. These results indicate that highly homologous genes encoding D-stereospecific endopeptidases are arranged in a tandem manner on the genomic DNA of B. cereus DF4-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Komeda
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Enantiospecific enzymatic synthesis of N-carbamoyl-d-p-fluorophenylglycine and N-carbamoyl-d-p-trifluoromethylphenylglycine. J Fluor Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Enhancement of the thermostability and catalytic activity of d-stereospecific amino-acid amidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi SV3 by directed evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Baek DH, Kwon SJ, Hong SP, Kwak MS, Lee MH, Song JJ, Lee SG, Yoon KH, Sung MH. Characterization of a thermostable D-stereospecific alanine amidase from Brevibacillus borstelensis BCS-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:980-6. [PMID: 12571020 PMCID: PMC143600 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.2.980-986.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding a new thermostable D-stereospecific alanine amidase from the thermophile Brevibacillus borstelensis BCS-1 was cloned and sequenced. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 199 kDa after gel filtration chromatography and about 30 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme could be composed of a hexamer with identical subunits. The purified enzyme exhibited strong amidase activity towards D-amino acid-containing aromatic, aliphatic, and branched amino acid amides yet exhibited no enzyme activity towards L-amino acid amides, D-amino acid-containing peptides, and NH(2)-terminally protected amino acid amides. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were 85 degrees C and 9.0, respectively. The enzyme remained stable within a broad pH range from 7.0 to 10.0. The enzyme was inhibited by dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, and EDTA yet was strongly activated by Co(2+) and Mn(2+). The k(cat)/K(m) for D-alaninamide was measured as 544.4 +/- 5.5 mM(-1) min(-1) at 50 degrees C with 1 mM Co(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Heoun Baek
- Biocatalysis Research Laboratory, National Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Baek DH, Song JJ, Lee SG, Kwon SJ, Asano Y, Sung MH. New thermostable d-methionine amidase from Brevibacillus borstelensis BCS-1 and its application for d-phenylalanine production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Lin PH, Su SC, Tsai YC, Lee CY. Identification and characterization of a new gene from Variovorax paradoxus Iso1 encoding N-acyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase responsible for D-amino acid production. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:4868-78. [PMID: 12354118 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An N-acyl-d-amino acid amidohydrolase (N-D-AAase) was identified in cell extracts of a strain, Iso1, isolated from an environment containing N-acetyl-d-methionine. The bacterium was classified as Variovorax paradoxus by phylogenetic analysis. The gene was cloned and sequenced. The gene consisted of a 1467-bp ORF encoding a polypeptide of 488 amino acids. The V. paradoxusN-D-AAase showed significant amino acid similarity to the N-acyl-d-amino acid amidohydrolases of the two eubacteria Alcaligenes xylosoxydans A-6 (44-56% identity), Alcaligenes facelis DA1 (54% identity) and the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi (42% identity). After over-expression of the N-D-AAase protein in Escherichia coli, the enzyme was purified by multistep chromatography. The native molecular mass was 52.8 kDa, which agreed with the predicted molecular mass of 52 798 Da and the enzyme appeared to be a monomer protein by gel-filtration chromatography. A homogenous protein with a specific activity of 516 U.mg-1 was finally obtained. After peptide sequencing by LC/MS/MS, the results were in agreement with the deduced amino acid sequence of the N-D-AAase. The pI of the enzyme was 5.12 and it had an optimal pH and temperature of 7.5 and 50 degrees C, respectively. After 30 min heat treatment at 45 degrees C, between pH 6 and pH 8, 80% activity remained. The N-D-AAase had higher hydrolysing activity against N-acetyl-d-amino acid derivates containing d-methionine, d-leucine and d-alanine and against N-chloroacetyl-d-phenylalanine. Importantly, the enzyme does not act on the N-acetyl-l-amino acid derivatives. The enzyme was inhibited by chelating agents and certain metal ions, but was activated by 1 mm of Co2+ and Mg2+. Thus, the N-D-AAase from V. paradoxus can be considered a chiral specific and metal-dependent enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ragnitz K, Syldatk C, Pietzsch M. Optimization of the immobilization parameters and operational stability of immobilized hydantoinase and l-N-carbamoylase from Arthrobacter aurescens for the production of optically pure l-amino acids. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:713-720. [PMID: 11339957 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2The immobilization parameters were optimized for the hydantoinase and the L-N-carbamoylase from Arthrobacter aurescens DSM 3747 or 3745, respectively. To optimize activity yields and specific activities for the immobilization to Eupergit C, Eupergit C 250 L, and EAH-Sepharose wild-type, recombinant and genetically modified ('tagged') enzymes were investigated concerning the influence of the protein concentration, the kind of support and the immobilization method. For both enzymes, the use of the recombinant proteins resulted in enhanced specific activities especially when using a hydrophilic support for immobilization such as Sepharose. In the case of a genetically modified hydantoinase carrying a His(6)-tag, affinity coupling led to a loss of activity of higher than 80%. Both enzymes were significantly stabilized by immobilization: In packed bed reactors, Eupergit C 250 L (NH(2))-immobilized hydantoinase and EAH-Sepharose-immobilized L-N-carbamoylase showed half-life times of approx. 14000 and 900 hours, respectively. Together with specific activities of the immobilized enzymes of 2.5 U/g wet carrier (hydantoinase) and 10 U/g wet carrier (L-N-carbamoylase) the newly developed biocatalysts are sufficient to fulfill industrial requirements.In comparison to the free enzymes, temperature and pH-optima were increased by 10 degrees C and one pH unit, respectively, after immobilization. The pH and temperature optima of the hydantoinase (L-N-carbamoylase) were determined to be pH 8.5-10 (pH 9.5) and 45-60 degrees C (60 degrees C).In order to provide sufficient amounts of biocatalyst for the process development in mini plant scale, a 50 fold scale-up of the optimized immobilization procedure was carried out for both enzymes. Because of the overlapping optima, both immobilized enzymes can be operated together in one reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ragnitz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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López-Serrano P, Jongejan J, van Rantwijk F, Sheldon R. Enantioselective acylation of α-aminonitriles catalysed by Candida antarctica lipase. An unexpected turnover-related racemisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Decarboxylation reactions using microbial cells or enzymes are increasingly being used for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds because of their high degree of regio- and stereo-specificity. Pyruvate decarboxylase, benzoylformate decarboxylase and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase enzymes are capable of acyloin-type condensation reactions leading to formation of chiral alpha-hydroxy ketones, which are versatile building blocks in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Availability of three-dimensional structures of some decarboxylases in recent years has facilitated understanding of reaction mechanisms and the creation of mutants with enhanced activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Ward
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Komeda H, Asano Y. Gene cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and purification and characterization of the D-stereospecific amino-acid amidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi SV3. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:2028-35. [PMID: 10727942 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the D-stereospecific amino-acid amidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi SV3 was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of 7.3 kb of genomic DNA revealed the presence of six ORFs, one of which (daaA) encodes the D-amino-acid amidase. This enzyme, DaaA, is composed of 363 amino-acid residues (molecular mass 40 082 Da), and the deduced amino-acid sequence exhibits homology to alkaline D-peptidase from Bacillus cereus DF4-B (32% identity), DD-peptidase from Streptomyces R61 (29% identity), and other penicillin-recognizing proteins. The DaaA protein contains the typical SXXK, YXN, and H(K)XG active-site motifs identified in the penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases. The daaA gene modified in the nucleotide sequence upstream from its start codon was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The activity of the recombinant DaaA enzyme in cell-free extracts of E. coli was 33.6 U. mg-1 with D-phenylalaninamide as substrate, which is about 350-fold higher than in extracts of O. anthropi SV3. This enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and three column chromatography steps. On gel-filtration chromatography, DaaA appeared to be a monomer with a molecular mass of 40 kDa. It had maximal activity at 45 degrees C and pH 9.0, and was completely inactivated in the presence of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride or Zn2+. DaaA had hydrolyzing activity toward D-amino-acid amides with aromatic or hydrophobic side chains, but did not act on the substrates for the DD-peptidase and beta-lactamase, despite their sequence similarity to DaaA. The characteristics of the recombinant DaaA are similar to those found for the native enzyme partially purified from O. anthropi SV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Komeda
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
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Abstract
Presently, a large number of biotransformations are carried out on an industrial scale and are discussed in a fast increasing number of reviews. Besides this, a significant number of biotransformations have been investigated over the past year, from degrading to transforming and synthetic reactions. The development of more specific and stable biocatalysts, either isolated enzymes or whole cells, generated by the new methods of genetic engineering and improved by reaction engineering have led to new industrial biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liese
- Institute of Biotechnology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, 52425, Germany.
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Hashimoto SI, Ozaki A. Whole microbial cell processes for manufacturing amino acids, vitamins or ribonucleotides. Curr Opin Biotechnol 1999; 10:604-8. [PMID: 10600687 DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of recombinant DNA technology has greatly expanded whole microbial cell processes for manufacturing amino acids, vitamins, or ribonucleotides. A novel well-designed scheme with integrated enzymatic conversions and fermentation enables the production of even complicated compounds, such as sugar nucleotides and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S i Hashimoto
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Machida-shi, 194-8533, Japan.
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Andreesen JR, Wagner M, Sonntag D, Kohlstock M, Harms C, Gursinsky T, Jäger J, Parther T, Kabisch U, Gräntzdörffer A, Pich A, Söhling B. Various functions of selenols and thiols in anaerobic gram-positive, amino acids-utilizing bacteria. Biofactors 1999; 10:263-70. [PMID: 10609892 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer reactions for the reduction of glycine in Eubacterium acidaminophilum involve many selenocysteine (U)- and thiol-containing proteins, as shown by biochemical and molecular analysis. These include an unusual thioredoxin system (-CXXC-), protein A (-CXXU-) and the substrate-specific protein B of glycine reductase (-UXXCXXC-). Most probably a selenoether is formed at protein B by splitting the C-N-bond after binding of the substrate. The carboxymethyl group is then transferred to the selenocysteine of protein A containing a conserved motif. The latter protein acts as a carbon and electron donor by giving rise to a protein C-bound acetyl-thioester and a mixed selenide-sulfide bond at protein A that will be reduced by the thioredoxin system. The dithiothreitol-dependent D-proline reductase of Clostridium sticklandii exhibits many similarities to protein B of glycine reductase including the motif containing selenocysteine. In both cases proprotein processing at a cysteine residue gives rise to a blocked N-terminus, most probably a pyruvoyl group. Formate dehydrogenase and some other proteins from E. acidaminophilum contain selenocysteine, e.g., a 22 kDa protein showing an extensive homology to peroxiredoxins involved in the detoxification of peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Andreesen
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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