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Jelassi R, Khemaissia H, Ayari A, Bohli-Abderrazek D, Ghemari C, Raimond M, Souty-Grosset C, Nasri-Ammar K. Physiological and behavioral responses of Orchestia gammarellus (Amphipoda, Talitridae) towards trace elements contamination soil. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1713-1722. [PMID: 34953108 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Effects of trace elements on the hepatopancreas ultrastructure and on the locomotor activity rhythm were investigated in the amphipod talitrid Orchestia gammarellus collected from Bizerte lagoon banks situated in the north of Tunisia. Animals were exposed to a series of contaminated soil with different concentrations of cadmium and zinc. The locomotor activity rhythm was studied under constant darkness. Histopathological analysis showed that the trace elements, especially the Cd, induced significant changes in the morphology and in the ultrastructural organization of hepatopancreatic cells. The significant alterations obtained were dose dependent. Concerning the behavioral response, results revealed the presence of two components whatever the experimental conditions. In addition, a great inter-individual variability of the locomotor rhythm was observed. Patterns were in majority bimodal for the control individuals and became unimodal and multimodal when exposed under Cd and Zn, respectively. Furthermore, ultradian and circadian periods were determined. The circadian period lengthened after Zn exposure. In addition, the locomotor activity rhythm was more stable for control individuals. However, those exposed to Cd were less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Jelassi
- Tunis El Manar University, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Khemaissia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anas Ayari
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Bohli-Abderrazek
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chedliya Ghemari
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryline Raimond
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution Symbiosis, University of Poitiers, 5 street Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, Poitiers, France
| | - Catherine Souty-Grosset
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution Symbiosis, University of Poitiers, 5 street Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, Poitiers, France
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
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Rupp U, Walther P, Ziegler A. Intracellular calcium phosphate deposits contribute to transcellular calcium transport within the hepatopancreas of Porcellio scaber. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107613. [PMID: 32891730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Like in most Crustacea, the cuticle of terrestrial isopods is hardened by a calcareous mineral phase. This rigid cuticle is frequently shed during a process called moulting. To reduce calcium loss, Porcellio scaber eats the shed cuticle, the exuviae, and absorb the calcium from it through large tubular diverticula of the intestine, called the mid gut glands or hepatopancreas. After moulting the absorbed calcium should be transported immediately into the hemolymph from which it is used to rapidly mineralize the new cuticle. This suggests that the hepatopancreas epithelium transports calcium from the lumen to the hemolymph. We used TEM, energy-filtered TEM and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis to analyse the distribution of elevated calcium within the hepatopancreas cells of P. scaber. We used animals in the postmoult stage that have eaten their exuviae and, as a control, those that have not ingested the exuviae. To minimize calcium loss within the samples, we used high pressure frozen and freeze substituted samples and propane-1-3-diol as floatation medium for thin-sectioning. The results reveal intracellular dense deposits containing calcium, phosphorus and oxygen at the apical microvillus membrane, within the cytoplasm, attached to vesicles and to the basolateral membrane, as well as extracellular between cells and the basal lamina. Control animals were devoid of these deposits. The results indicate that calcium from the exuviae is absorbed and transported across the epithelium into the hemolymph. We propose that during transport, intracellular calcium is bound to phosphate avoiding toxic effects of high concentrations of ionized calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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3
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Antoł A, Labecka AM, Horváthová T, Sikorska A, Szabla N, Bauchinger U, Kozłowski J, Czarnoleski M. Effects of thermal and oxygen conditions during development on cell size in the common rough woodlice Porcellio scaber. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9552-9566. [PMID: 32953083 PMCID: PMC7487255 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, cells may adjust their size to balance between the tissue metabolic demand and the oxygen and resource supply: Small cells may effectively absorb oxygen and nutrients, but the relatively large area of the plasma membrane requires costly maintenance. Consequently, warm and hypoxic environments should favor ectotherms with small cells to meet increased metabolic demand by oxygen supply. To test these predictions, we compared cell size (hindgut epithelium, hepatopancreas B cells, ommatidia) in common rough woodlice (Porcellio scaber) that were developed under four developmental conditions designated by two temperatures (15 or 22°C) and two air O2 concentrations (10% or 22%). To test whether small-cell woodlice cope better under increased metabolic demand, the CO2 production of each woodlouse was measured under cold, normoxic conditions and under warm, hypoxic conditions, and the magnitude of metabolic increase (MMI) was calculated. Cell sizes were highly intercorrelated, indicative of organism-wide mechanisms of cell cycle control. Cell size differences among woodlice were largely linked with body size changes (larger cells in larger woodlice) and to a lesser degree with oxygen conditions (development of smaller cells under hypoxia), but not with temperature. Developmental conditions did not affect MMI, and contrary to predictions, large woodlice with large cells showed higher MMI than small woodlice with small cells. We also observed complex patterns of sexual difference in the size of hepatopancreatic cells and the size and number of ommatidia, which are indicative of sex differences in reproductive biology. We conclude that existing theories about the adaptiveness of cell size do not satisfactorily explain the patterns in cell size and metabolic performance observed here in P. scaber. Thus, future studies addressing physiological effects of cell size variance should simultaneously consider different organismal elements that can be involved in sustaining the metabolic demands of tissue, such as the characteristics of gas-exchange organs and O2-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Antoł
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | | | - Terézia Horváthová
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
- Institute of Soil BiologyBiology Centre CASČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Anna Sikorska
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Natalia Szabla
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Jan Kozłowski
- Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland
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Ghemari C, Jelassi R, Khemaissia H, Waterlot C, Raimond M, Souty-Grosset C, Douay F, Nasri-Ammar K. Physiological and histopathological responses of Porcellio laevis (Isopoda, Crustacea) as indicators of metal trace element contamination. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:402-409. [PMID: 31894631 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the impact of the mixture of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on the bioaccumulation and the ultrastructural changes in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio laevis (Latreille, 1804) after 4 weeks of exposure to contaminated Quercus leaves under laboratory conditions. For each metal, four concentrations were used with four replicates for each concentration. Metal concentrations in the hepatopancreas and the rest of the body were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. From the first week until the end of the experiment, a weight gain in P. laevis was observed particularly between the first and the end of exposure from 93.3 ± 18.22 mg fw to 105.22 ± 16.16 mg fw and from 106.4 ± 22.67 mg fw to 125.9 ± 23.9 mg fw for Mix1 and Mix4, respectively. Additionally, the determined metal trace elements (MTE) concentrations in the hepatopancreas were considerably higher compared to those in the rest of the body and seem to be dose-dependent. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), some alterations were highlighted in the hepatopancreas. The main observed alterations were (a) the destruction of the microvilli border in a considerable portion of cells, (b) the increase of the lipid droplets with different shapes and sizes, (c) the increase in the number of the mitochondria, and (d) the appearance of TE in the form of B-type granules. The obtained results confirmed the ability of P. laevis to deal with high amounts of MTE, suggesting its possible use in future soil's biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chedliya Ghemari
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Recherche Diversité, Gestion et Conservation des Systèmes Biologiques, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Jelassi
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Recherche Diversité, Gestion et Conservation des Systèmes Biologiques, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Khemaissia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Recherche Diversité, Gestion et Conservation des Systèmes Biologiques, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Maryline Raimond
- UFR Sciences fondamentales et appliquées, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des interactions UMR CNSR 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Catherine Souty-Grosset
- UFR Sciences fondamentales et appliquées, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des interactions UMR CNSR 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Recherche Diversité, Gestion et Conservation des Systèmes Biologiques, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Abushaala NM. Effects of tributyltin chloride on cell structures of epithelial layer in different stages of Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758). Open Vet J 2019; 9:366-374. [PMID: 32042660 PMCID: PMC6971362 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v9i4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tributylin chloride (TBTCl) has been demonstrated to be acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of TBTCl on epithelial cell of gut Artemia salina in different stages (Nauplii, Juveniles, and Adults). Methods: Samples of A. salina used were cultivated in incubators for hatching. Nauplii were harvested at 24 hours of age, while the juveniles and adults were harvested at 21 and 35 days of age, respectively. These three stages of A. salina were exposed to different concentrations of TBTCl (1 ng.L−1 to 500 ng.L−1) for 24 hours. For nauplii, juveniles, and adults, 100 individuals were exposed, and those that survived in the exposure test were harvested for histological analysis. Results: The histological examinations revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in type of lesions associated with different TBTCl concentrations and at different stages. The predominant lesions associated with different stages and different concentrations of TBTCl were epithelial cell necroasis, degeneration, cell loss, disruption, piknosis, and submucosal necrosis. Cell scoring was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups of different TBTCl concentrations and different life stages. Conclusion: Overall, in this study, the generality of the lesion scores showed that the adults are relatively more susceptible to the effects of TBTCl compared to the juvenile and the nauplii.
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Jelassi R, Khemaissia H, Ghemari C, Raimond M, Souty-Grosset C, Nasri-Ammar K. The induced damage in the hepatopancreas of Orchestia species after exposure to a mixture of Cu/Zn-An ultrastructural study. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:148-155. [PMID: 31631459 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas of crustaceans species has been recognized as an essential target organ to assess trace elements' effects. Due to its dynamic and capability of detoxifying trace metal, this organ often indicates distinct pathological disturbances. In the present work, we intend to evaluate the bioaccumulation of trace metal in three Orchestia species (Orchestia montagui, Orchestia gammarellus, and Orchestia mediterranea) living in symmetry in the banks of Bizerte lagoon (37°13'8″N 09°55'1″E) after their exposure during 14 days to a mixture of copper and zinc, and to highlight the effect of these metals on their hepatopancreas ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy. At the end of the experiment, results showed that the mortality and the body mass varied according to the used nominal concentrations. Significant alterations were noted in all the treatment groups. The degree of these alterations depends on the used concentration, and they are represented especially by the cells remoteness and the border lyses, the reduction of the nuclear volume, the increase in the cytoplasm density with the presence of trace metal in the nucleus as well as in the vacuole, the disorganization and the destruction of microvilli, the condensation of the majority of cellular organelles and mitochondria swelling. Through this study, Orchestia genus could be an attractive candidate for the biochemical study of trace metal toxicity in Tunisian wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Jelassi
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Salammbô, Tunis, Tunisia.,Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Khemaissia
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chedliya Ghemari
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryline Raimond
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Ecology Evolution Symbiosis Team, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Souty-Grosset
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Ecology Evolution Symbiosis Team, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
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Khemaissia H, Jelassi R, Ghemari C, Raimond M, Souty‐Grosset C, Nasri‐Ammar K. Evaluation of trace element contamination usingArmadillo officinalisDuméril, 1816 (Crustacea, Isopoda) as a tool: An ultrastructural study. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2014-2025. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Khemaissia
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Raja Jelassi
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Chedliya Ghemari
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Maryline Raimond
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Catherine Souty‐Grosset
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Karima Nasri‐Ammar
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
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8
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Khemaissia H, Jelassi R, Ghemari C, Raimond M, Souty‐Grosset C, Nasri‐Ammar K. Effects of trace metal elements on ultrastructural features of hepatopancreas of
Armadillidium granulatum
Brandt, 1833 (Crustacea, Isopoda). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1819-1831. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Khemaissia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Raja Jelassi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Chedliya Ghemari
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Maryline Raimond
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - Catherine Souty‐Grosset
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - Karima Nasri‐Ammar
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
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9
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Structure, function and development of the digestive system in malacostracan crustaceans and adaptation to different lifestyles. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:415-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Jelassi R, Khemaissia H, Ghemari C, Raimond M, Souty-Grosset C, Nasri-Ammar K. Ecotoxicological effects of trace element contamination in talitrid amphipod Orchestia montagui Audouin, 1826. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5577-5587. [PMID: 30612363 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the evaluation of trace element bioaccumulation and histological alterations in the hepatopancreas of the supralittoral amphipod Orchestia montagui Audouin, 1826 due to the exposure to cadmium, copper, and zinc. Orchestia montagui individuals were maintained during 14 days in soils contaminated with different trace elements namely cadmium, copper, and zinc; a control was also prepared. Our results show that the mortality and the body mass vary according to the metal and the nominal concentration used. In general, the mortality increases from the seventh day. However, the body mass shows a decrease with cadmium exposure and an increase with copper and zinc exposures. Furthermore, the concentration factor highlights that this species is considered a macroconcentrator for copper and zinc. The hepatopancreas of unexposed and exposed animals were compared to detect histological changes. Our results show significant alterations in the hepatopancreas of the exposed animals after the experiment. The degree of these alterations was found to be dose-dependent. Among the histological changes in the hepatopancreas in O. montagui, a loss of cell structure was noted, especially cell remoteness and border lyses, the reduction of nuclear volume, an increase in the cytoplasm density with the presence of trace element deposits in both the nucleus and vacuoles, a disorganization and destruction of microvilli, and a condensation of the majority of cell organelles and mitochondria swelling. Through this study, we have confirmed that O. montagui can be a relevant model to assess trace metal element pollution in Tunisian coastal lagoons with the aim of using it in future biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Jelassi
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (INSTM), Salammbô, Tunis, Tunisia.
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems (LR18ES06), Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hajer Khemaissia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems (LR18ES06), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chedliya Ghemari
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems (LR18ES06), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryline Raimond
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution Symbiosis, University of Poitiers, 5 street Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Souty-Grosset
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution Symbiosis, University of Poitiers, 5 street Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems (LR18ES06), Tunis, Tunisia
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11
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Sonakowska L, Włodarczyk A, Poprawa I, Binkowski M, Śróbka J, Kamińska K, Kszuk-Jendrysik M, Chajec Ł, Zajusz B, Rost-Roszkowska MM. Structure and Ultrastructure of the Endodermal Region of the Alimentary Tract in the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126900. [PMID: 25996951 PMCID: PMC4440751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) originates from Asia and is one of the species that is widely available all over the world because it is the most popular shrimp that is bred in aquaria. The structure and the ultrastructure of the midgut have been described using X-ray microtomography, transmission electron microscopy, light and fluorescence microscopes. The endodermal region of the alimentary system in N. heteropoda consists of an intestine and a hepatopancreas. No differences were observed in the structure and ultrastructure of males and females of the shrimp that were examined. The intestine is a tube-shaped organ and the hepatopancreas is composed of two large diverticles that are divided into the blind-end tubules. Hepatopancreatic tubules have three distinct zones - proximal, medial and distal. Among the epithelial cells of the intestine, two types of cells were distinguished - D and E-cells, while three types of cells were observed in the epithelium of the hepatopancreas - F, B and E-cells. Our studies showed that the regionalization in the activity of cells occurs along the length of the hepatopancreatic tubules. The role and ultrastructure of all types of epithelial cells are discussed, with the special emphasis on the function of the E-cells, which are the midgut regenerative cells. Additionally, we present the first report on the existence of an intercellular junction that is connected with the E-cells of Crustacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sonakowska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Włodarczyk
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Binkowski
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, X-ray Microtomography Lab, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Joanna Śróbka
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, X-ray Microtomography Lab, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Karolina Kamińska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Chajec
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Zajusz
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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12
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Srpčič AM, Drobne D, Novak S. Altered physiological conditions of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber as a measure of subchronic TiO2 effects. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:415-422. [PMID: 25187081 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) show low toxic potential against a variety of environmental organisms when measured by conventional toxicity endpoints. However, the question is whether the conventional measures of toxicity can define the adverse effects of nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to asses the potential toxic and cytotoxic effects of the ingested nano-TiO2 (anatase, <25 nm) on a terrestrial isopod, Porcellio scaber. In addition to conventional toxicity parameters, the physiological condition of the animals was assessed. Following 28-day feeding exposure to nano-TiO2 at concentrations up to 5,000 μg nano-TiO2/g leaf dry weight, no toxic or cytotoxic effects were demonstrated. However, the physiological condition of the animals was affected in a dose-dependent manner. The physiological state of organisms is an important parameter to assess the potential population implications due to the exposure to nanomaterials. Therefore, we suggest that only if both, the physiological state of the animals exposed to nano-TiO2 and the conventional toxicity markers show no effects, the exposure dose can be interpreted as non-hazardous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Menard Srpčič
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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Mazzei V, Longo G, Brundo MV, Sinatra F, Copat C, Oliveri Conti G, Ferrante M. Bioaccumulation of cadmium and lead and its effects on hepatopancreas morphology in three terrestrial isopod crustacean species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:269-279. [PMID: 25279851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) bioaccumulation in three species of oniscidean isopods - Armadillidium granulatum Brandt, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille) and Porcellio laevis Latreille which were exposed for three weeks to a contaminated diet, and to determine the morphological and ultrastructural changes in hepatopancreas. Metal accumulation, determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), was linearly associated with the exposed concentration and was a function of the metal and the species tested. All three species accumulated lower levels of Pb than Cd. A. vulgare accumulated the largest concentration of Pb, especially at the higher doses, whereas P. laevis showed the greatest Cd accumulation, and the highest Cd concentration was lethal for all exposed species. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cd induced significant changes both in the general morphology of tubules and in the ultrastructural organization of epithelial cells in hepatopancreas. Some Pb/Cd induced alterations include: brush border disorganization; reduction of the basal labyrinth formed by the plasma membrane; condensation of some cytoplasm areas and of chromatin; rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial alterations; increase of secondary lysosomes and of type B granules in S cells. Some of the ultrastructural changes observed overlap with those induced by prolonged starvation, whereas others can be useful biomarkers of heavy metal toxicity. This study has confirmed that in terrestrial isopods, the accumulation of the different metals occurs in a species-specific manner; therefore ecological monitoring and assessment studies should consider each species individually. The research has confirmed that in the terrestrial isopods the accumulation of the different metals occurs in a species-specific way; therefore each species should first be evaluated in view of its employ in biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - G Longo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - M V Brundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - F Sinatra
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - C Copat
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - G Oliveri Conti
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - M Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Jemec A, Lešer V, Drobne D. The link between antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase and physiological condition of a control population of terrestrial isopod (Porcellio scaber). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:42-47. [PMID: 22177480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate if the activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferase in a control population of terrestrial isopods (Porcellio scaber) are correlated with the physiological condition of the isopods. For this purpose, the activities of these enzymes were analysed in isopods from a stock population and in parallel, the physiological condition of the same specimens was assessed using a histological approach based on epithelial thickness and lipid droplets. We found a correlation between antioxidant enzymes and the physiological condition of the isopods. This implies that these enzymes could be used as predictive indicators of the physiological condition in a stock population before comprehensive toxicological studies are conducted and also in control group after the experiment. When a control group is found to be very heterogeneous in terms of physiological condition, the experiment should be repeated with a larger number of experimental animals. The findings of this study will contribute to more accurate experimental design of toxicity tests when using biomarkers. This should encourage other researchers to increase their effort to know the physiological state of their test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vladka Lešer
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Leser V, Milani M, Tatti F, Tkalec ZP, Strus J, Drobne D. Focused ion beam (FIB)/scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in tissue structural research. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 246:41-48. [PMID: 20169456 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are commonly used in material sciences for imaging and analysis of materials. Over the last decade, the combined FIB/SEM system has proven to be also applicable in the life sciences. We have examined the potential of the focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope system for the investigation of biological tissues of the model organism Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda). Tissue from digestive glands was prepared as for conventional SEM or as for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples were transferred into FIB/SEM for FIB milling and an imaging operation. FIB-milled regions were secondary electron imaged, back-scattered electron imaged, or energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzed. Our results demonstrated that FIB/SEM enables simultaneous investigation of sample gross morphology, cell surface characteristics, and subsurface structures. The same FIB-exposed regions were analyzed by EDX to provide basic compositional data. When samples were prepared as for TEM, the information obtained with FIB/SEM is comparable, though at limited magnification, to that obtained from TEM. A combination of imaging, micro-manipulation, and compositional analysis appears of particular interest in the investigation of epithelial tissues, which are subjected to various endogenous and exogenous conditions affecting their structure and function. The FIB/SEM is a promising tool for an overall examination of epithelial tissue under normal, stressed, or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladka Leser
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Millaku A, Leser V, Drobne D, Godec M, Torkar M, Jenko M, Milani M, Tatti F. Surface characteristics of isopod digestive gland epithelium studied by SEM. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 241:83-89. [PMID: 20155290 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the digestive gland epithelium of a terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber has been investigated by conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), and light microscopy in order to provide evidence on morphology of the gland epithelial surface in animals from a stock culture. We investigated the shape of cells, extrusion of lipid droplets, shape and distribution of microvilli, and the presence of bacteria on the cell surface. A total of 22 animals were investigated and we found some variability in the appearance of the gland epithelial surface. Seventeen of the animals had dome-shaped digestive gland "normal" epithelial cells, which were densely and homogeneously covered by microvilli and varying proportions of which extruded lipid droplets. On the surface of microvilli we routinely observed sparsely distributed bacteria of different shapes. Five of the 22 animals had "abnormal" epithelial cells with a significantly altered shape. In three of these animals, the cells were much smaller, partly or completely flat or sometimes pyramid-like. A thick layer of bacteria was detected on the microvillous border, and in places, the shape and size of microvilli were altered. In two animals, hypertrophic cells containing large vacuoles were observed indicating a characteristic intracellular infection. The potential of SEM in morphological investigations of epithelial surfaces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agron Millaku
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Boldis V, Spitalská E. Dermacentor marginatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks versus L929 and Vero cell lines in Rickettsia slovaca life cycle evaluated by quantitative real time PCR. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2010; 50:353-9. [PMID: 19779862 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ticks transmit many different pathogens to animals, humans and their pets. Rickettsia slovaca, as a member of the spotted-fever-group rickettsiae is an agent of the human disease Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA), also called Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL), which occurs from the Mediterranean to central Europe, transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor marginatus (Acari: Ixodidae). In this study, quantitative real time PCR was used to characterize the growth of R. slovaca, strain B in static (mammalian L929 and Vero cells without replacement of growth medium) and dynamic (D. marginatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks) cultivation systems. Curves of bacterial growth in static cultivations were modeled with exponential, stationary and death phases, whereas in dynamic systems the stationary phase was absent. The highest point of multiplication of R. slovaca was recorded on the 4th day post infection in both cell lines and the rickettsial DNA copy number in L929 and Vero cells at this point was 21 and 27 times greater than rickettsial DNA copy number of inoculum, respectively. In the dynamic system, the highest point of multiplication was on the 21th and 12th day after feeding of ticks and rickettsial DNA copy numbers were 7,482 and 865 times greater than the inoculum in D. marginatus and I. ricinus, respectively. Life cycle of R. slovaca in mammalian cell lines was shorter; supposedly, bacteria destroyed these cells and ticks, especially D. marginatus, were considered a more appropriate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Boldis
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Boldis V, Strus J, Kocianová E, Tusek-Znidaric M, Stefanidesová K, Spitalská E. Ultrastructural study of the life cycle of Rickettsia slovaca, wild and standard type, cultivated in L929 and Vero cell lines. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:130-6. [PMID: 19418250 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural changes induced by Rickettsia slovaca standard type (ST) and wild type (WT) were examined during their life cycle in L929 and Vero cells. R. slovaca invaded the cytoplasm of the host cell by phagocytosis on the 1st d p.i. Rickettsiae adhering to the cytoplasmic membrane were engulfed by cellular extensions and occurred in phagocytic vacuoles. Binary fission of rickettsia was observed. The nuclear chromatin of eukaryotic cells was rearranged and condensed during 3rd and 6th d p.i. Finally, loss of the plasma membrane integrity, destruction of cytoplasm and nucleus resulted in cell lysis. Degeneration of the host cell caused by WT and ST was observed after 4 and 5 d p.i. in L929 cells and after 3 and 6 d p.i. in Vero cells, respectively. WT type was able to penetrate into the nucleus of the host cell and was responsible for dilatation of the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum, causing more pronounced and different cytopathological changes than the ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boldis
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Leser V, Drobne D, Pipan Z, Milani M, Tatti F. Comparison of different preparation methods of biological samples for FIB milling and SEM investigation. J Microsc 2009; 233:309-19. [PMID: 19220697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When a new approach in microscopy is introduced, broad interest is attracted only when the sample preparation procedure is elaborated and the results compared with the outcome of the existing methods. In the work presented here we tested different preparation procedures for focused ion beam (FIB) milling and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of biological samples. The digestive gland epithelium of a terrestrial crustacean was prepared in a parallel for FIB/SEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM). All samples were aldehyde-fixed but followed by different further preparation steps. The results demonstrate that the FIB/SEM samples prepared for conventional scanning electron microscopy (dried) is suited for characterization of those intracellular morphological features, which have membranous/lamellar appearance and structures with composition of different density as the rest of the cell. The FIB/SEM of dried samples did not allow unambiguous recognition of cellular organelles. However, cellular organelles can be recognized by FIB/SEM when samples are embedded in plastic as for TEM and imaged by backscattered electrons. The best results in terms of topographical contrast on FIB milled dried samples were obtained when samples were aldehyde-fixed and conductively stained with the OTOTO method (osmium tetroxide/thiocarbohydrazide/osmium tetroxide/thiocarbohydrazide/osmium tetroxide). In the work presented here we provide evidence that FIB/SEM enables both, detailed recognition of cell ultrastructure, when samples are plastic embedded as for TEM or investigation of sample surface morphology and subcellular composition, when samples are dried as for conventional SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Leser
- Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Boldis V, Kocianová E, Strus J, Tusek-Znidaric M, Sparagano OAE, Stefanidesová K, Spitalská E. Rickettsial agents in Slovakian ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) and their ability to grow in Vero and L929 cell lines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1149:281-5. [PMID: 19120229 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1428.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A total of 80 adult ticks (55 Haemaphysalis inermis, 12 Dermacentor reticulatus, 11 D. marginatus, 2 Ixodes ricinus) were collected from vegetation in three areas of Slovakia (forest and pasture habitat) in central Europe. Forty-six (46 ticks) (57.5%) of all species tested were positive by the hemocyte test, PCR assays based on the gltA and ompA genes showed a Rickettsiaceae infection in 77.5% of the ticks, whereas only one H. inermis tick was positive for Anaplasmataceae on a 16S rRNA-based PCR. Isolation of rickettsiae was attempted on all collected ticks by means of the shell vial technique, 52 isolates of which were inoculated into Vero cells and 28 into L929 cells. Rickettsiae were detected in 50% (40/80) of the cell lines using the Gimenez staining method, whereas 33.8% (27/80) of the cell lines were PCR-positive for Rickettsia species. The presence of rickettsiae was shown by PCR to be around 30.8% (16/52) in Vero and 39.3% (11/28) in L929 cell lines. Sequencing results showed that detected infections were Rickettsia sp., R. raoultii, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks, and R. slovaca in cell lines. This is the first report of R. raoultii in Slovakia. Observations by electron microscopy of the R. slovaca isolate from Vero cell lines showed a microcapsular layer, typical Gram-negative cell wall, and a cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boldis
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Lešer V, Drobne D, Vilhar B, Kladnik A, Žnidaršič N, Štrus J. Epithelial thickness and lipid droplets in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda) in different physiological conditions. ZOOLOGY 2008; 111:419-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lapanje A, Drobne D, Nolde N, Valant J, Muscet B, Leser V, Rupnik M. Long-term Hg pollution induced Hg tolerance in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 153:537-547. [PMID: 17988772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our work was to assess the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) of isopod gut microbiota and pollution-induced isopod population tolerance (PIPT). Animals collected from a chronically Hg polluted and an unpolluted location were exposed for 14 days to 10microg Hg/g dry food under laboratory conditions. The lysosomal membrane stability, hepatopancreas epithelium thickness, feeding activity and animal bacterial gut microbiota composition were determined. The results confirm the hypothesis that the response to short-term Hg exposure differs for animals from the Hg polluted and the unpolluted field locations. The animals and their gut microbiota from the Hg polluted location were less affected by Hg in a short-term feeding experiment than those from the unpolluted environment. We discuss the pollution-induced population tolerance of isopods and their gut microbiota as a measure of effects of long-term environmental pollution. The ecological consequences of such phenomena are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lapanje
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Imaging of intracellular spherical lamellar structures and tissue gross morphology by a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM). Ultramicroscopy 2008; 108:663-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Drobne D, Milani M, Zrimec A, Leser V, Berden Zrimec M. Electron and ion imaging of gland cells using the FIB/SEM system. J Microsc 2005; 219:29-35. [PMID: 15998363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2005.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The FIB/SEM system was satisfactorily used for scanning ion (SIM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of gland epithelial cells of a terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea). The interior of cells was exposed by site-specific in situ focused ion beam (FIB) milling. Scanning ion (SI) imaging was an adequate substitution for scanning electron (SE) imaging when charging rendered SE imaging impossible. No significant differences in resolution between the SI and SE images were observed. The contrast on both the SI and SE images is a topographic. The consequences of SI imaging are, among others, introduction of Ga(+) ions on/into the samples and destruction of the imaged surface. These two characteristics of SI imaging can be used advantageously. Introduction of Ga(+) ions onto the specimen neutralizes the charge effect in the subsequent SE imaging. In addition, the destructive nature of SI imaging can be used as a tool for the gradual removal of the exposed layer of the imaged surface, uncovering the structures lying beneath. Alternative SEM and SIM in combination with site-specific in situ FIB sample sectioning made it possible to image the submicrometre structures of gland epithelium cells with reproducibility, repeatability and in the same range of magnifications as in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the present state of technology, ultrastructural elements imaged by the FIB/SEM system cannot be directly identified by comparison with TEM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Drobne
- Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Drobne D, Milani M, Zrimec A, Zrimec MB, Tatti F, Draslar K. Focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy studies of Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea) digestive gland epithelium cells. SCANNING 2005; 27:30-34. [PMID: 15712755 DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950270106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The focused ion beam (FIB) was used to prepare cross sections of precisely selected regions of the digestive gland epithelium of a terrestrial isopod P. scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FIB/SEM system allows ad libitum selection of a region for gross morphologic to ultrastructural investigation, as the repetition of FIB/SEM operations is unrestricted. The milling parameters used in our work proved to be satisfactory to produce serial two-dimensional (2-D) cuts and/or three-dimensional (3-D) shapes on a submicrometer scale. A final, cleaning mill at lower ion currents was employed to minimize the milling artifacts. After cleaning, the milled surface was free of filament- and ridge-like milling artifacts. No other effects of the cleaning mill were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Drobne D, Milani M, Ballerini M, Zrimec A, Zrimec MB, Tatti F, Draslar K. Focused ion beam for microscopy and in situ sample preparation: application on a crustacean digestive system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2004; 9:1238-1243. [PMID: 15568945 DOI: 10.1117/1.1803846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We prove that the focused ion beam (FIB) machine can be used as a microscope and as an in situ cutting device for tissue and cells. For the first time we obtain high-resolution ion images, complemented by electron imaging of different animal tissues both from uncoated and coated samples. In our study, we select the digestive system of Porcellio scaber (isopoda, crustacea) as a test system for FIB microscopy and in situ sample preparation. After the milling operation, some of the ultrastructural elements of hepatopancreatic cells can clearly be recognized. Also, FIB operation reveals significant differences in structural integrity between the apical and basal parts of hepatopancreatic cells, which have not been observed before by classical microscopy techniques. FIB microscopy and in situ sample preparation have advantages over classical microscopy techniques because of: 1. in situ site-specific 2-D sectioning and imaging of subsurface microstructures; 2. no need to embed the sample prior to sectioning; and 3. a wide range of magnifications while imaging the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Choi HSJ, Ahn IY, Lee YS, Kim KW, Jeong KH. Histological Responses of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica to a Short-term Sublethal-level Cd Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.4217/opr.2003.25.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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