1
|
Aneesh PT, Helna AK, Raj S, Kumar AB. Finding Nemo! Description of a New Species of Branchial Fish Parasitic Cymothoid, Elthusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 (Crustacea: Isopoda), infesting Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837 from the Northern Indian Ocean. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:358-369. [PMID: 38103154 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specimens of Elthusa from trashfish of the Indian SW coast were described as a new parasitic cymothoid, Elthusa nemo sp. nov., (Crustacea: Isopoda). Later, the branchial cavity of the Blotchfin dragonet Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837 were documented as its micro- and macro-habitat (host). METHODS Fresh/live specimens of unidentified cymothoid samples were collected from the trash fishes obtained from Neendakara (08°30.0' N 76°53.30' E) fish landing centre, Kollam district, Kerala state, southwest coast of India. After a long search for the host species, we recovered the isopod from the branchial cavity of the deep-sea fish Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837 (Callionymiformes: Callionymidae). The new species is described and illustrated based on ovigerous females. RESULTS Elthusa nemo sp. nov., has the following sets of combinations of characters: body slightly twisted, elongated, dorsal surfaces smooth, nearly twice as long as greatest width; pleon short, ~ 14% body length, 0.8 times as wide as pereon maximum width; widest at pleonite 2 and narrowest at pleonite 1; only pleonite 1, laterally overlapped by pereonite 7 posterolateral expansion and coxa 7; presence of appendix masculina on pleopod 2; uropods 0.8 times as the length of pleotelson; antenna with two plumose setae on article 4. CONCLUSION Elthusa nemo sp. nov., is the sixth species of the genus known from Indian waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panakkool Thamban Aneesh
- Blue Innovation Division, Seto Inland Sea Carbon Neutral Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima, 725-0024, Japan.
| | - Ameri Kottarathil Helna
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India.
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. of Kerala, Kannur, Kerala, 670002, India.
| | - Smrithy Raj
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India
- Wildlife Information Liaison Development, 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti-Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641035, India
- Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695035, India
| | - Appukuttannair Biju Kumar
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahmoud NE, Fahmy MM, Khattab MS, Abuowarda M. Phylogeny and ultrastructure of Elthusa raynaudii (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) firstly recorded from the invasive silver cheeked toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) (Gmelin 1789) in eastern Mediterranean Sea coast. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:86. [PMID: 38182847 PMCID: PMC10769922 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, many changes have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem so became a home to many invasive Lessepsian marine species that have migrated from the Red Sea. About 500 marine species including pufferfish have immigrated and rapidly established a population in the Mediterranean Sea causing significant impact on its ecosystem and fisheries sector. The parasitic fauna of these pufferfish has scarcely been studied in the Mediterranean Sea and also in their native habitat. During this surveillance study on the invasive pufferfish species from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, the female cymothoid isopod Elthusa raynaudii was detected from the branchial cavity and also in the buccal cavity of 23.9% of the examined Lagocephalus sceleratus. The isolated isopod species was firstly identified and described through electron microscopy and molecular phylogeny based on the sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, the description of eggs, embryonic stage, and manca of E. raynaudii was firstly provided. The pathological impact on the infested fish tissues was investigated and revealed curling and loss of secondary gill lamellae in addition to mucous exudates in between the gill filaments and granuloma formation in the gill arch. The study provided the first report of L. sceleratus as a new host for the isopod E. raynaudii collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast as a new locality record. The role of the Lessepsian invasive pufferfish in transmitting parasites to the native fish species was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen E Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt.
| | - Magdy M Fahmy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
| | - Mai Abuowarda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Musgrave C, Prosser RS. Terrestrial Isopods Generate Microplastics from Low-Density Polyethylene Without Effects on Survival. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023. [PMID: 38116991 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
With concern growing regarding the impact of microplastics (MPs) on terrestrial ecosystems, it is important to assess the role invertebrates may play in the fate of MPs within these ecosystems. Commonly, MPs enter these environments through improperly discarded waste or the application of treated biosolids and/or wastewater on agricultural soils. The present study investigated whether three species of terrestrial isopod (Porcellio scaber, Porcellio laevis, and Porcellionides pruinosus) ingest plastic debris and generate MPs during exposures varying from 24 h to 14 days and whether this may have an adverse effect on their health. Test vessels were designed to expose isopods to plastic fragments in the form of polyethylene plastic foam. Isopods were exposed to plastic that was either (1) pristine, or (2) weathered in a soil and water solution prior to incorporation in test vessels. When exposed to weathered polyethylene, all three species generated MPs (minimum-maximum size values for all durations inclusive: P. laevis = 114-1673 µm, P. scaber = 99-1635 µm, P. pruinosus = 85-1113 µm) through the consumption of macroplastic fragments with no observed impact on their health. In the shorter-duration exposures, the number of MPs generated by the isopod species in the present study was highly variable between experimental vessels (minimum-maximum generated MPs for 14-day exposure: P. laevis = 25-420, P. scaber = 50-583, P. pruinosus = 48-311). However, as the exposure durations increased, there was a clear trend of increasing MP generation, indicating that the isopods continued to consume the plastic fragments as long as the surface was weathered. A significant difference in the size of generated MPs was observed as well, with smaller isopod species generating smaller MP fragments on average. The results of the present study confirm that certain species of isopod can contribute to the generation of MPs, which constitutes an additional pathway of MP exposure to soil ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-9. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Musgrave
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iannucci A, Zhu J, Antonielli L, Ayari A, Nasri-Ammar K, Knoll W, Pelosi P, Dani FR. Chemosensory proteins as putative semiochemical carriers in the desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumurii. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 162:104012. [PMID: 37743031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The order Isopoda contains both aquatic and terrestrial species, among which Hemilepistus reaumurii, which lives in arid environments and is the most adapted to terrestrial life. Olfaction has been deeply investigated in insects while it has received very limited attention in other arthropods, particularly in terrestrial crustaceans. In insects, soluble proteins belonging to two main families, Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) and Chemosensory Proteins (CSPs), are contained in the olfactory sensillar lymph and are suggested to act as carriers of hydrophobic semiochemicals to or from membrane-bound olfactory receptors. Other protein families, namely Nieman-Pick type 2 (NPC2) and Lipocalins (LCNs) have been also reported as putative odorant carriers in insects and other arthropod clades. In this study, we have sequenced and analysed the transcriptomes of antennae and of the first pair of legs of H. reaumurii focusing on soluble olfactory proteins. Interestingly, we have found 13 genes encoding CSPs, whose sequences differ from those of the other arthropod clades, including non-isopod crustaceans, for the presence of two additional cysteine residues, besides the four conserved ones. Binding assays on two of these proteins showed strong affinities for fatty acids and long-chain unsaturated esters and aldehydes, putative semiochemicals for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Iannucci
- Department of Biology, University of Firenze, 50019, Firenze, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jiao Zhu
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Livio Antonielli
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Anas Ayari
- Université Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Unité de Recherche de Bio-Ecologie et Systématique Evolutive, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- Université Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Unité de Recherche de Bio-Ecologie et Systématique Evolutive, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Francesca Romana Dani
- Department of Biology, University of Firenze, 50019, Firenze, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim SH, Kim JG, Yoon SM. Two new temporary ectoparasitic isopods (Cymothoida: Cymothooidea) from Korean waters with a note on geographical distributions of Rocinela Leach, 1818 and Gnathia Leach, 1814. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14593. [PMID: 36620749 PMCID: PMC9817955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new species of temporary ectoparasitic isopods, Rocinela excavata sp. nov. and Gnathia obtusispina sp. nov., are reported from the southern Islands of the Korean Peninsula. Rocinela excavata sp. nov. is distinguishable from its related species by the following characteristics: (1) laterally stepped rostrum; (2) separated eyes; (3) propodal blade having eight robust setae; and (4) merus having four or five blunt robust setae in pereopods 1-3. Gnathia obtusispina sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the combination of the following characteristics: (1) body covered with numerous tubercles and setae, (2) cephalon having tooth-like paraocular ornamentations; and (3) frontal border having two inferior frontolateral processes. These two new species are the 13th Rocinela species and 19th Gnathia species in the temperate Northern Pacific region, respectively. Discovery of these new species represents high species diversity of the genera Rocinela Leach, 1818 and Gnathia Leach, 1814 worldwide as well as in the Northern Pacific region. In addition, faunal diversity analysis on the members of both genera revealed that Rocinela species show high-latitude diversity whereas Gnathia species have low-latitude diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kim
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Guk Kim
- Division of Zoology, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Seong Myeong Yoon
- Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohapatra SK, Mohanty SR, Behera RK, Seth JK, Mohapatra A. First record of Mothocya renardi and Mothocya collettei (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from northern part of East Coast of India and new host record of Mothocya collettei. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:651-654. [PMID: 34475645 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present record of different developmental stages of the parasite Mothocya renardi (Bleeker, 1857) and gravid female of Mothocya collettei Bruce, 1986 from different individuals of same host Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) collected from Bay of Bengal, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Odisha, India are the first record of these parasites from the northern part of east coast of India. The record of Mothocya collettei from the host Strongylura leiura is the first host record for this parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Swarup Ranjan Mohanty
- Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha 761 002 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Behera
- Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha 760 007 India
| | - Jaya Kishor Seth
- Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha 760 007 India
| | - Anil Mohapatra
- Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha 761 002 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nizar TS, Raveendran M, Chenkayi Parambil S, Kappalli S. The occurrence of parasitic copepods and isopods infesting the marine teleost fishes of Kerala coast, India. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:78-88. [PMID: 33746390 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the occurrence of parasitic copepods and isopods infecting marine teleost fishes from the Kerala coast, India. A total of 1795 fishes belonging to 38 species were collected from the fish landing centres across the Kerala Coast for 5 months. The isopod & copepod infection status of these fishes were assessed. The incidents of site-specific infection were documented for all parasites and a fecundity analysis was conducted in randomly selected species. The single or multiple parasitic crustacean infestation and host preference (single or multiple hosts) were also documented. A total of 32 species of copepods and 6 species of isopod were sourced out. However, the maximum prevalence was recorded for the family Lernanthropidae (71.43%) and the maximum intensity (14) was recorded for a Caligid copepod Euryphorus nordmannii. The predominantly targeted region of infection on the host fish appeared to be gill filament (52.15%). The fecundity showed significant differences between the tested species. Fourteen species of fishes showed multiple parasitic crustacean infestation and eight species of parasites infected multiple hosts. The present study demonstrates that over 68% of marine fish species of Kerala coast were under heavy infection either by isopods or copepods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thasnim S Nizar
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala India
| | - Megha Raveendran
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala India
| | | | - Sudha Kappalli
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rugiu L, de Wit P, Kostian I, Jormalainen V. Climate change driven hyposalinity as a selective agent in the littoral mesoherbivore Idotea balthica. Mar Environ Res 2021; 163:105216. [PMID: 33227618 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will include a decrease in seawater salinity in the Baltic Sea. We quantified the effects of the projected future desalination on survival of the early life stage of the littoral herbivore Idotea balthica. We collected egg-bearing Idotea from three range-margin Baltic Sea populations, we exposed half of each brood to either current (6‰) or future salinity (3.5‰). We genotyped a subsample of each brood to analyse patterns of allelic change and to identify genomic regions targeted by selection. The survival was overall reduced by hyposalinity and broods varied in response to hyposalinity implying genetic variation in tolerance, with a stronger decrease in genetic diversity in future salinity. Finally, we identified proteins with crucial roles in basic cellular functions. This study indicates that projected future northern Baltic Sea hyposalinity will not just hamper I. balthica survival, but its selective pressure may also affect genetic diversity and cell physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rugiu
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden.
| | - Pierre de Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Iita Kostian
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Veijo Jormalainen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bredon M, Herran B, Bertaux J, Grève P, Moumen B, Bouchon D. Isopod holobionts as promising models for lignocellulose degradation. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:49. [PMID: 32190114 PMCID: PMC7071664 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isopods have colonized all environments, partly thanks to their ability to decompose the organic matter. Their enzymatic repertoire, as well as the one of their associated microbiota, has contributed to their colonization success. Together, these holobionts have evolved several interesting life history traits to degrade the plant cell walls, mainly composed of lignocellulose. It has been shown that terrestrial isopods achieve lignocellulose degradation thanks to numerous and diverse CAZymes provided by both the host and its microbiota. Nevertheless, the strategies for lignocellulose degradation seem more diversified in isopods, in particular in aquatic species which are the least studied. Isopods could be an interesting source of valuable enzymes for biotechnological industries of biomass conversion. RESULTS To provide new features on the lignocellulose degradation in isopod holobionts, shotgun sequencing of 36 metagenomes of digestive and non-digestive tissues was performed from several populations of four aquatic and terrestrial isopod species. Combined to the 15 metagenomes of an additional species from our previous study, as well as the host transcriptomes, this large dataset allowed us to identify the CAZymes in both the host and the associated microbial communities. Analyses revealed the dominance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in the five species, covering 36% and 56% of the total bacterial community, respectively. The identification of CAZymes and new enzymatic systems for lignocellulose degradation, such as PULs, cellulosomes and LPMOs, highlights the richness of the strategies used by the isopods and their associated microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results show that the isopod holobionts are promising models to study lignocellulose degradation. These models can provide new enzymes and relevant lignocellulose-degrading bacteria strains for the biotechnological industries of biomass conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bredon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Benjamin Herran
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Joanne Bertaux
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre Grève
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Bouziane Moumen
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Didier Bouchon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The flow regime of a river is an important driver of many ecosystem components. However, few studies explore how differences in flow rates and water chemistry can influence communities of parasites and their hosts. Here, we investigate the impact of dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, water temperature, and river flow on the abundance and prevalence of cymothoid isopod parasitism (Lironeca ovalis) of the Bay Anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) in the Alafia and Hillsborough rivers of Tampa Bay (Florida). We also explore seasonality by comparing monthly samples preserved throughout 2005-2007. Although both the Alafia and Hillsborough rivers had similar average water temperatures and salinity, and similar wet and dry season cycles, the upstream damming of the Hillsborough River had numerous negative effects on water flow rate, dissolved oxygen content, and acidity. This disruption in water quality corresponded with a lower abundance of anchovy hosts, fewer free-swimming cymothoids, and low prevalence of anchovy parasitism. Anchovies were much more abundant in the Alafia River, but flow negatively affected abundance-a negative effect that could be mitigated by positive changes in water temperature, salinity, and pH. Flow rates also negatively affected free-swimming cymothoid abundance; however, water flow was less important in predicting their parasitism of anchovies. In Alafia, fewer anchovies were parasitized when dissolved oxygen was high and water acidity was low, but more were parasitized during the wet season. These findings corroborate predictions that flow can moderate habitat stability and complexity which, in turn, can impact opportunities for parasitism of host communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N MacNeill
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Marc J Lajeunesse
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
MacNeill BN, Lajeunesse MJ. Effects of River Hydrology and Physicochemistry on Anchovy Abundance and Cymothoid Isopod Parasitism. J Parasitol 2019; 105:760-768. [PMID: 31625812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The flow regime of a river is an important driver of many ecosystem components. However, few studies explore how differences in flow rates and water chemistry can influence communities of parasites and their hosts. Here, we investigate the impact of dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, water temperature, and river flow on the abundance and prevalence of cymothoid isopod parasitism (Lironeca ovalis) of the Bay Anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) in the Alafia and Hillsborough rivers of Tampa Bay (Florida). We also explore seasonality by comparing monthly samples preserved throughout 2005-2007. Although both the Alafia and Hillsborough rivers had similar average water temperatures and salinity, and similar wet and dry season cycles, the upstream damming of the Hillsborough River had numerous negative effects on water flow rate, dissolved oxygen content, and acidity. This disruption in water quality corresponded with a lower abundance of anchovy hosts, fewer free-swimming cymothoids, and low prevalence of anchovy parasitism. Anchovies were much more abundant in the Alafia River, but flow negatively affected abundance-a negative effect that could be mitigated by positive changes in water temperature, salinity, and pH. Flow rates also negatively affected free-swimming cymothoid abundance; however, water flow was less important in predicting their parasitism of anchovies. In Alafia, fewer anchovies were parasitized when dissolved oxygen was high and water acidity was low, but more were parasitized during the wet season. These findings corroborate predictions that flow can moderate habitat stability and complexity which, in turn, can impact opportunities for parasitism of host communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N MacNeill
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Marc J Lajeunesse
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghemari C, Waterlot C, Ayari A, Douay F, Nasri-Ammar K. Effects of Heavy Metals Artificial Contamination on Porcellio laevis (Latreille, 1804) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:416-420. [PMID: 31342133 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the competition of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on their assimilation, on the food consumption and the growth of terrestrial isopod Porcellio laevis. Individuals were exposed to artificially contaminated litter of Quercus for 4 weeks and were weekly weighed. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu in individuals were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Biological parameters such as growth, and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) were calculated and results from the various treatments were compared. Depending on metals, weight loss or gain were recorded for isopods during the four weeks of exposure. A weight loss was measured on individuals exposed to Cd-contaminated litter whereas a weight gain was highlighted for those exposed to the Zn-contaminated litter. BAF values revealed that P. laevis was macroconcentrator of Zn and Cu and deconcentrator of Cd and Pb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chedliya Ghemari
- Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur D'Agriculture (ISA), 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Anas Ayari
- Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur D'Agriculture (ISA), 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bredon M, Herran B, Lheraud B, Bertaux J, Grève P, Moumen B, Bouchon D. Lignocellulose degradation in isopods: new insights into the adaptation to terrestrial life. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:462. [PMID: 31174468 PMCID: PMC6555040 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isopods constitute a particular group of crustaceans that has successfully colonized all environments including marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Their ability to use various food sources, especially plant biomass, might be one of the reasons of their successful spread. All isopods, which feed on plants and their by-products, must be capable of lignocellulose degradation. This complex composite is the main component of plants and is therefore an important nutrient source for many living organisms. Its degradation requires a large repertoire of highly specialized Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (called CAZymes) which are produced by the organism itself and in some cases, by its associated microbiota. The acquisition of highly diversified CAZymes could have helped isopods to adapt to their diet and to their environment, especially during land colonization. RESULTS To test this hypothesis, isopod host CAZomes (i.e. the entire CAZyme repertoire) were characterized in marine, freshwater and terrestrial species through a transcriptomic approach. Many CAZymes were identified in 64 isopod transcriptomes, comprising 27 de novo datasets. Our results show that marine, freshwater and terrestrial isopods exhibit different CAZomes, illustrating different strategies for lignocellulose degradation. The analysis of variations of the size of CAZy families shows these are expanded in terrestrial isopods while they are contracted in aquatic isopods; this pattern is probably resulting from the evolution of the host CAZomes during the terrestrial adaptation of isopods. We show that CAZyme gene duplications and horizontal transfers can be involved in adaptive divergence between isopod CAZomes. CONCLUSIONS Our characterization of the CAZomes in 64 isopods species provides new insights into the evolutionary processes that enabled isopods to conquer various environments, especially terrestrial ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bredon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Benjamin Herran
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Baptiste Lheraud
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Joanne Bertaux
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre Grève
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Bouziane Moumen
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Didier Bouchon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Groffen T, Eens M, Bervoets L. Do concentrations of perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAAs) in isopods reflect concentrations in soil and songbirds? A study using a distance gradient from a fluorochemical plant. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:111-123. [PMID: 30537574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAAs) are persistent chemicals that have been detected globally in the environment and in wildlife. Although it is known that PFAAs sorb to solid matrices, little is known on PFAA concentrations in soils. PFAA pollution has often been studied in aquatic invertebrates. However, this has rarely been done on terrestrial species. In the present study, we examined whether the concentrations of 15 PFAAs in isopods (Oniscidae), collected at a fluorochemical plant and in four other areas, representing a gradient in distance from the pollution source (1 km to 11 km), were related to those in the soil and in eggs of a songbird, the great tit (Parus major), collected in the same areas. Additionally, we examined the effect of physicochemical properties such as total organic carbon (TOC) and clay content on the relationship between the concentrations in soil and isopods. Finally, we examined the composition profile in the soil and isopods. Mean PFOS and PFOA concentrations of 1700 ng/g dw and 24 ng/g dw were detected in the soil at the plant. PFOS and PFPeA were the dominant PFAAs in isopods and were detected at mean concentrations of 253 and 108 ng/g ww, respectively. The great tit eggs showed elevated mean PFOS concentrations of 55,970 ng/g ww. In most cases, PFAA concentrations decreased with increasing distance from the plant. As PFAA concentrations in isopods were correlated with concentrations in the soils, isopods could serve as a bioindicator for PFAA concentrations in soils. Additionally, there were indications that isopods could also serve as a bioindicator for PFAA concentrations in eggs of great tits. However, these indications were only the case at two locations, showing the need to further monitor the possibilities of using isopods as a bioindicator for PFAA concentrations in song bird eggs. CAPSULE: Elevated PFAA concentrations in isopods reflected concentrations in songbird eggs and in soil, indicating that trophic transfer of PFAAs from soil, via isopods, to songbirds might play a role in the PFAA exposure of terrestrial songbirds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gospodarek J, Petryszak P, Kołoczek H, Rusin M. The effect of soil pollution with petroleum-derived substances on Porcellio scaber Latr. (Crustacea, Isopoda). Environ Monit Assess 2018; 191:38. [PMID: 30593601 PMCID: PMC6310710 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Presented research aimed at investigating the effect of short-term contact with petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) on life parameters of Porcellio scaber Latr. (Isopoda) and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in its body. The influence of presence of P. scaber on the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) content in soil was also determined. The following objects were established: control-unpolluted soil; soil polluted with petrol; soil polluted with diesel fuel and soil polluted with used engine oil. Every pollutant was used in the amounts equal to 6000 mg of fuel/kg d.m. of soil 15 months earlier. In the laboratory, survival and body mass change of P. scaber reared in investigated soils were observed. The delivered food was not contaminated with PDSs. P. scaber reveals a considerable resistance in a short (4 weeks) contact with PDSs, evidenced as high survivability (from 68% on the soil polluted with engine oil to 77% on the soil polluted with diesel fuel) and undisturbed increase in body mass (on the level similar to control). It indicates the potential usefulness of this animal as a monitoring organism. No positive correlation was observed between TPH depletion in the soils contaminated with PDSs and P. scaber presence during 4 weeks of the experiment. PAH level in P. scaber bodies was generally very low (with the highest level of anthracene 0.40 μg/g of wet mass-after 4 weeks of rearing on the diesel fuel-contaminated soil), which may confirm the thesis about considerable abilities of isopods for biotransformation of these pollutants and low susceptibility to these xenobiotic penetration through integuments. However, a tendency for accumulation for phenanthrene and anthracene in conditions of soil polluted with diesel fuel was observed respectively 0.07 and 0.21 μg/g of wet mass for phenanthrene and 0.22 and 0.40 μg/g of wet mass for anthracene, observed successively in the 2nd and 4th week of rearing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Gospodarek
- Department of Agricultural Environment Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - P. Petryszak
- Unit of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - H. Kołoczek
- Department of Inorganic Technology and Environmental Biotechnology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Rusin
- Department of Agricultural Environment Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bredon M, Dittmer J, Noël C, Moumen B, Bouchon D. Lignocellulose degradation at the holobiont level: teamwork in a keystone soil invertebrate. Microbiome 2018; 6:162. [PMID: 30223906 PMCID: PMC6142342 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woodlice are recognized as keystone species in terrestrial ecosystems due to their role in the decomposition of organic matter. Thus, they contribute to lignocellulose degradation and nutrient cycling in the environment together with other macroarthropods. Lignocellulose is the main component of plants and is composed of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. Its digestion requires the action of multiple Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (called CAZymes), typically acting together as a cocktail with complementary, synergistic activities and modes of action. Some invertebrates express a few endogenous lignocellulose-degrading enzymes but in most species, an efficient degradation and digestion of lignocellulose can only be achieved through mutualistic associations with endosymbionts. Similar to termites, it has been suspected that several bacterial symbionts may be involved in lignocellulose degradation in terrestrial isopods, by completing the CAZyme repertoire of their hosts. RESULTS To test this hypothesis, host transcriptomic and microbiome shotgun metagenomic datasets were obtained and investigated from the pill bug Armadillidium vulgare. Many genes of bacterial and archaeal origin coding for CAZymes were identified in the metagenomes of several host tissues and the gut content of specimens from both laboratory lineages and a natural population of A. vulgare. Some of them may be involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Reconstructing a lignocellulose-degrading microbial community based on the prokaryotic taxa contributing relevant CAZymes revealed two taxonomically distinct but functionally redundant microbial communities depending on host origin. In parallel, endogenous CAZymes were identified from the transcriptome of the host and their expression in digestive tissues was demonstrated by RT-qPCR, demonstrating a complementary enzyme repertoire for lignocellulose degradation from both the host and the microbiome in A. vulgare. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the role of the microbiome in the evolution of terrestrial isopods and their adaptive radiation in terrestrial habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bredon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cyril Noël
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Bouziane Moumen
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Didier Bouchon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Butrimavičienė L, Baršienė J, Greiciūnaitė J, Stankevičiūtė M, Valskienė R. Environmental genotoxicity and risk assessment in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea) using fish, bivalves, and crustaceans. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:24818-24828. [PMID: 29926332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental genotoxicity in the Gulf of Riga was assessed using different bioindicators (fish, clams, and isopods) collected from 14 study stations. Comparison of genotoxicity responses (micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NB)) in blood erythrocytes of herring (Clupea harengus), eelpout (Zoarces viviparous), and flounder (Platichthys flesus) revealed the species- and site-specific differences. For the first time, the analysis of genotoxicity was carried out in gill cells of isopods Saduria entomon. The highest inductions of MN and NB in gill cells of investigated S. entomon and clams (Macoma balthica) were evaluated in specimens from station 111A (offshore zone). In fish, the highest incidences of MN were measured in eelpout and in herring collected in the southern part of Gulf of Riga (station GOR3/41S). Moreover, in the southern coastal area, the assessment of genotoxicity risk (according to micronuclei levels) indicated exceptionally high risk for flounder, eelpout, and clams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Butrimavičienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Janina Baršienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Greiciūnaitė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Stankevičiūtė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Valskienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Lima E Silva C, Brennan N, Brouwer JM, Commandeur D, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM. Comparative toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid to different species of soil invertebrates. Ecotoxicology 2017; 26:555-564. [PMID: 28337632 PMCID: PMC5420372 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have come under increasing scrutiny for their impact on non-target organisms, especially pollinators. The current scientific literature is mainly focused on the impact of these insecticides on pollinators and some aquatic insects, leaving a knowledge gap concerning soil invertebrates. This study aimed at filling this gap, by determining the toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid to five species of soil invertebrates: earthworms (Eisenia andrei), enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), Collembola (Folsomia candida), oribatid mites (Oppia nitens) and isopods (Porcellio scaber). Tests focused on survival and reproduction or growth, after 3-5 weeks exposure in natural LUFA 2.2 standard soil. Imidacloprid was more toxic than thiacloprid for all species tested. F. candida and E. andrei were the most sensitive species, with LC50s of 0.20-0.62 and 0.77 mg/kg dry soil for imidacloprid and 2.7-3.9 and 7.1 mg/kg dry soil for thiacloprid. EC50s for effects on the reproduction of F. candida and E. andrei were 0.097-0.30 and 0.39 mg/kg dry soil for imidacloprid and 1.7-2.4 and 0.44 mg/kg dry soil for thiacloprid. The least sensitive species were O. nitens and P. scaber. Enchytraeids were a factor of 5-40 less sensitive than the taxonomically related earthworm, depending on the endpoint considered. Although not all the species showed high sensitivity to the neonicotinoids tested, these results raise awareness about the effects these insecticides can have on non-target soil invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Lima E Silva
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Brennan
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jitske M Brouwer
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël Commandeur
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Michaud C, Chupeau C, Bech N, Thierry M, Sicard M, Greve P, Beltran-Bech S. Isolation, characterization and PCR multiplexing of microsatellite loci for two sub-species of terrestrial isopod Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Oniscidea). Genetica 2016; 144:223-8. [PMID: 26943350 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several microsatellite markers have already been developed for different terrestrial isopod species such as Armadillidium vulgare, A. nasatum and Porcellionides pruinosus. In all these species, the endosymbiont Wolbachia has a feminizing effect that generates a female bias in sex ratio and reduces the number of reproductive males. Thus this can potentially decrease the genetic diversity of host populations. However, in some other isopod species, Wolbachia induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI); the most commonly described effect of Wolbachia in arthropods. The CI by rendering some crossings incompatible can reduce the gene flow and strengthen genetic differentiation between isopod populations. To date, the influence of Wolbachia inducing CI on population structure of terrestrial isopods has never been investigated. In this study, we developed 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers shared by two sub-species of Porcellio dilatatus. Crossings between the two sub-species are partially incompatible due to two CI-inducing Wolbachia strains. These new microsatellite markers will allow us to investigate the effect of CI on host genetic differentiation in this species complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Michaud
- Laboratoire EBI Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Bât. B8-B35, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86022, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Cassandre Chupeau
- Laboratoire EBI Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Bât. B8-B35, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86022, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Bech
- Laboratoire EBI Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Bât. B8-B35, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86022, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Magali Thierry
- Laboratoire EBI Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Bât. B8-B35, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86022, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Mathieu Sicard
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR CNRS-IRD-UM 5554), Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Greve
- Laboratoire EBI Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Bât. B8-B35, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86022, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Beltran-Bech
- Laboratoire EBI Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Bât. B8-B35, 5 rue Albert Turpin, TSA 51106, 86022, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tourinho PS, van Gestel CAM, Morgan AJ, Kille P, Svendsen C, Jurkschat K, Mosselmans JFW, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Toxicokinetics of Ag in the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus exposed to Ag NPs and AgNO₃ via soil and food. Ecotoxicology 2016; 25:267-278. [PMID: 26581474 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been used in numerous consumer products and may enter the soil through the land application of biosolids. However, little is known about the relationship between Ag NP exposure and their bioavailability for soil organisms. This study aims at comparing the uptake and elimination kinetics of Ag upon exposures to different Ag forms (NPs and ionic Ag (as AgNO3)) in the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Isopods were exposed to contaminated Lufa 2.2 soil or alder leaves as food. Uptake and elimination rate constants for soil exposure did not significantly differ between Ag NPs and ionic Ag at 30 and 60 mg Ag/kg. For dietary exposure, the uptake rate constant was up to 5 times higher for Ag NPs than for AgNO3, but this was related to feeding activity and exposure concentrations, while no difference in the elimination rate constants was found. When comparing both routes, dietary exposure resulted in lower Ag uptake rate constants but elimination rate constants did not differ. A fast Ag uptake was observed from both routes and most of the Ag taken up seemed not to be eliminated. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence showed Ag in the S-cells of the hepatopancreas, thus supporting the observations from the kinetic experiment (i.e. low elimination). In addition, our results show that isopods have an extremely high Ag accumulation capacity, suggesting the presence of an efficient Ag storage compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tourinho
- Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A John Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Begbroke Science Park, Sandy Lane Yarnton, Oxford, OX5 1PF, UK
| | - J Fred W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Agodi A, Oliveri Conti G, Barchitta M, Quattrocchi A, Lombardo BM, Montesanto G, Messina G, Fiore M, Ferrante M. Validation of Armadillo officinalis Dumèril, 1816 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) as a bioindicator: in vivo study of air benzene exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 114:171-178. [PMID: 25638523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study tests the potential for using Armadillo officinalis as a bioindicator of exposure to and activation of benzene metabolic pathways using an in vivo model. A. officinalis specimens collected in a natural reserve were divided into a control and three test groups exposed to 2.00, 5.32 or 9.09 µg/m(3) benzene for 24h. Three independent tests were performed to assess model reproducibility. Animals were dissected to obtain three pooled tissue samples per group: hepatopancreas (HEP), other organs and tissues (OOT), and exoskeleton (EXO). Muconic acid (MA), S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), two human metabolites of benzene, and changes in mtDNA copy number, a human biomarker of benzene exposure, were determined in each sample; benzene was determined only in EXO. MA was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection, S-PMA by triple quadrupole mass spectrometer liquid chromatography with electro spray ionization (LC-MS-ESI-TQD), mtDNA by real-time quantitative PCR and end-point PCR, and benzene by quadrupole mass spectrometer head-space gas chromatography (HSGC-MS). MA and S-PMA levels rose both in HEP and OOT; EXO exhibited increasing benzene concentrations; and mtDNA copy number rose in HEP but not in OOT samples. Overall, our findings demonstrate that A. officinalis is a sensitive bioindicator of air benzene exposure and show for the first time its ability to reproduce human metabolic dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Agodi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - G Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - M Barchitta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - A Quattrocchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - B M Lombardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy Via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - G Montesanto
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy Via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - G Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Italy Via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - M Fiore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - M Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA) of Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tourinho PS, Waalewijn-Kool PL, Zantkuijl I, Jurkschat K, Svendsen C, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S, van Gestel CAM. CeO2 nanoparticles induce no changes in phenanthrene toxicity to the soil organisms Porcellionides pruinosus and Folsomia candida. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 113:201-206. [PMID: 25499053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are used as diesel fuel additives to catalyze oxidation. Phenanthrene is a major component of diesel exhaust particles and one of the most common pollutants in the environment. This study aimed at determining the effect of CeO2 NPs on the toxicity of phenanthrene in Lufa 2.2 standard soil for the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus and the springtail Folsomia candida. Toxicity tests were performed in the presence of CeO2 concentrations of 10, 100 or 1000mg Ce/kg dry soil and compared with results in the absence of CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs had no adverse effects on isopod survival and growth or springtail survival and reproduction. For the isopods, LC50s for the effect of phenanthrene ranged from 110 to 143mg/kg dry soil, and EC50s from 17.6 to 31.6mg/kg dry soil. For the springtails, LC50s ranged between 61.5 and 88.3mg/kg dry soil and EC50s from 52.2 to 76.7mg/kg dry soil. From this study it may be concluded that CeO2 NPs have a low toxicity and do not affect toxicity of phenanthrene to isopods and springtails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tourinho
- Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pauline L Waalewijn-Kool
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Zantkuijl
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Begbroke Science Park OX5 1PF, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mazzei V, Longo G, Brundo MV, Sinatra F, Copat C, Oliveri Conti G, Ferrante M. Bioaccumulation of cadmium and lead and its effects on hepatopancreas morphology in three terrestrial isopod crustacean species. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 110:269-279. [PMID: 25279851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) bioaccumulation in three species of oniscidean isopods - Armadillidium granulatum Brandt, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille) and Porcellio laevis Latreille which were exposed for three weeks to a contaminated diet, and to determine the morphological and ultrastructural changes in hepatopancreas. Metal accumulation, determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), was linearly associated with the exposed concentration and was a function of the metal and the species tested. All three species accumulated lower levels of Pb than Cd. A. vulgare accumulated the largest concentration of Pb, especially at the higher doses, whereas P. laevis showed the greatest Cd accumulation, and the highest Cd concentration was lethal for all exposed species. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cd induced significant changes both in the general morphology of tubules and in the ultrastructural organization of epithelial cells in hepatopancreas. Some Pb/Cd induced alterations include: brush border disorganization; reduction of the basal labyrinth formed by the plasma membrane; condensation of some cytoplasm areas and of chromatin; rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial alterations; increase of secondary lysosomes and of type B granules in S cells. Some of the ultrastructural changes observed overlap with those induced by prolonged starvation, whereas others can be useful biomarkers of heavy metal toxicity. This study has confirmed that in terrestrial isopods, the accumulation of the different metals occurs in a species-specific manner; therefore ecological monitoring and assessment studies should consider each species individually. The research has confirmed that in the terrestrial isopods the accumulation of the different metals occurs in a species-specific way; therefore each species should first be evaluated in view of its employ in biomonitoring programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - G Longo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - M V Brundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - F Sinatra
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - C Copat
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - G Oliveri Conti
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - M Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Patologia Diagnostica, Medicina Legale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica "G. F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peninal S, Rathna GS, Elavarasi A, Kalaiselvam M. First report on the record of parasitic infection in the Moray eel (Thyrsoidea macrura) along the Parangipettai coastal waters (Southeast coast of India). J Parasit Dis 2014; 38:273-6. [PMID: 25035584 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An isopod belongs to the family Cirolanidae namely Anopsilana sp. was recorded from Parangipettai coastal waters during February and March, 2011. This is the first report and first record of occurrence of parasite in the Moray eel from this region. In the present study, totally 110 specimens of Moray eel (Thyrsoidea macrura) were examined for parasites and discussed about parasitic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Peninal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gnanaprakasam Sathiya Rathna
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Alaganandham Elavarasi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Murugaiyan Kalaiselvam
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tourinho PS, van Gestel CAM, Lofts S, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Influence of soil pH on the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013; 32:2808-2815. [PMID: 23983054 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of soil pH on the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus were evaluated. Isopods were exposed to a natural soil amended with CaCO3 to reach 3 different pH(CaCl2) levels (4.5, 6.2, and 7.3) and to standard LUFA 2.2 soil (pH 5.5) spiked with ZnO NPs (30 nm), non-nano ZnO (200 nm), and ionic Zn as ZnCl₂. Toxicity was expressed based on total Zn concentration in soil, as well as total Zn and free Zn²⁺ ion concentrations in porewater. Compared with ZnO-spiked soils, the ZnCl₂-spiked soils had lower pH and higher porewater Ca²⁺ and Zn levels. Isopod survival did not differ between Zn forms and soils, but survival was higher for isopods exposed to ZnO NPs at pH 4.5. Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for biomass change showed similar trends for all Zn forms in all soils, with higher values at intermediate pH. Median lethal concentration (LC50) and EC50 values based on porewater Zn or free Zn ion concentrations were much lower for ZnO than for ionic zinc. Zn body concentrations increased in a dose-related manner, but no effect of soil pH was found. It is suggested not only that dissolved or free Zn in porewater contributed to uptake and toxicity, but also that oral uptake (i.e., ingestion of soil particles) could be an important additional route of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tourinho
- Department of Biology and CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Novak S, Drobne D, Menard A. Prolonged feeding of terrestrial isopod (Porcellio scaber, Isopoda, Crustacea) on TiO (2) nanoparicles. Absence of toxic effect. Zookeys 2012:261-73. [PMID: 22536113 PMCID: PMC3335419 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.176.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide are one of most widely used nanomaterials in different products in everyday use and in industry, but very little is known about their effects on non- target cells and tissues. Terrestrial isopods were exposed to food dosed with nano-TiO2 to give final nominal concentration 1000 and 2000 µg TiO2/g dry weight of food. The effects of ingested nano-TiO2 on the model invertebrate Porcellio scaber (Isopoda, Crustacea) after short-term (3 and 7 days) and prolonged (14 and 28 days) dietary exposure was assessed by conventional toxicity measures such as feeding rate, weight change and mortality. Cell membrane destabilization was also investigated. No severe toxicity effects were observed after 3, 7, 14 or 28 days of dietary exposure to nano-TiO2, but some animals, particularly those exposed to lower concentrations of nanoparticles, had severely destabilized digestive cell membranes. It was concluded that strong destabilization of the cell membrane was sporadic, and neither concentration- nor time-related. Further research is needed to confirm this sporadic toxic effect of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|