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Mason L, Connolly J, Devenney LE, Lacey K, O’Donovan J, Doherty R. Sleep, Nutrition, and Injury Risk in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5101. [PMID: 38140360 PMCID: PMC10745648 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review explores the impact of sleep and nutrition on injury risk in adolescent athletes. Sleep is viewed as essential to the recuperation process and is distinguished as an active participant in recovery through its involvement in growth, repair, regeneration, and immunity. Furthermore, the literature has shown that the sleep of athletes impacts elements of athletic performance including both physical and cognitive performance, recovery, injury risk, and mental well-being. For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must meet an individual's sleep needs whilst also lasting for an adequate duration and being of adequate quality, which is age-dependent. The literature has suggested that athletes have increased sleep needs compared to those of the general population and thus the standard recommendations may not be sufficient for athletic populations. Therefore, a more individualised approach accounting for overall sleep health may be more appropriate for addressing sleep needs in individuals including athletes. The literature has demonstrated that adolescent athletes achieve, on average, ~6.3 h of sleep, demonstrating a discrepancy between sleep recommendations (8-10 h) and actual sleep achieved. Sleep-wake cycles undergo development during adolescence whereby adaptation occurs in sleep regulation during this phase. These adaptations increase sleep pressure tolerance and are driven by the maturation of physiological, psychological, and cognitive functioning along with delays in circadian rhythmicity, thus creating an environment for inadequate sleep during adolescence. As such, the adolescent period is a phase of rapid growth and maturation that presents multiple challenges to both sleep and nutrition; consequently, this places a significant burden on an adolescent athletes' ability to recover, thus increasing the likelihood of injury. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the available literature on the importance of sleep and nutrition interactions in injury risk in adolescent athletes. Furthermore, it provides foundations for informing further investigations exploring the relation of sleep and nutrition interactions to recovery during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcán Mason
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland (R.D.)
| | - James Connolly
- Department of Computing, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Lydia E. Devenney
- Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Karl Lacey
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland (R.D.)
| | - Jim O’Donovan
- DCU Glasnevin Campus, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue Extension, Dublin 9, D09 Y8VX Dublin, Ireland
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, D15 Y52H Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rónán Doherty
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland (R.D.)
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, D15 Y52H Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Colelli DR, Dela Cruz GR, Kendzerska T, Murray BJ, Boulos MI. Impact of sleep chronotype on in-laboratory polysomnography parameters. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13922. [PMID: 37150591 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Morningness-eveningness preference, also known as chronotype, is the tendency for a person to sleep during certain hours of the day and is broadly categorised into morning and evening types. In-laboratory polysomnography (iPSG) is the gold-standard to assess sleep, however, an individual's chronotype is not accounted for in current protocols, which may confound collected sleep data. The objective of our study was to assess if chronotype had an association with sleep physiology. Patients who completed the diagnostic iPSG and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), which categorises patients into morning type, neither or evening type, were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess if chronotype was associated with sleep quality, duration, and physiology during iPSG. The study sample included 2612 patients (mean age of 53.6 years, 48% male) recruited during 2010-2015. Morning type, compared with neither type, was significantly associated with an increase in total sleep time and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and a decrease in sleep onset latency and the arousal index. Evening type, compared with neither type, was significantly associated with a decrease in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and REM sleep, and an increase in sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. Additionally, iPSG lights out time was significantly different between the different chronotypes. Overall, a morningness chronotype was associated with favourable sleep quality and duration while an eveningness chronotype was associated with reduced sleep quality. Our study quantifies the association of chronotype with iPSG metrics and suggests that laboratory protocols should consider chronotype in their evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Colelli
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gio R Dela Cruz
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J Murray
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sleep Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark I Boulos
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sleep Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Siraji MA, Spitschan M, Kalavally V, Haque S. Light exposure behaviors predict mood, memory and sleep quality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12425. [PMID: 37528146 PMCID: PMC10394000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample research has shown that light influences our emotions, cognition, and sleep quality. However, little work has examined whether different light exposure-related behaviors, such as daytime exposure to electric light and nighttime usage of gadgets, especially before sleep, influence sleep quality and cognition. Three-hundred-and-one Malaysian adults (MeanAge±SD = 28 ± 9) completed the Light Exposure Behavior Assessment tool that measured five light exposure behaviors. They also completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and single items assessing trouble in memory and concentration. A partial least square structural equation model, showing 72.72% predictive power, revealed that less use of wearable blue filters outdoors during the day and more within one hour before sleep predicted early peak time (direct effect = -0.25). Increased time spent outdoors predicted a positive affect (direct effect = 0.33) and a circadian phase advancement (direct effect: rising time = 0.14, peak time = 0.20, retiring time = 0.17). Increased use of mobile phone before sleep predicted a circadian phase delay (direct effect: retiring time = -0.25; rising time = -0.23; peak time = -0.22; morning affect = -0.12), reduced sleep quality (direct effect = 0.13), and increased trouble in memory and concentration (total effect = 0.20 and 0.23, respectively). Increased use of tunable, LED, or dawn-simulating electric light in the morning and daytime predicted a circadian phase advancement (direct effect: peak time = 0.15, morning affect = 0.14, retiring time = 0.15) and good sleep quality (direct effect = -0.16). The results provide valuable insights into developing a healthy light diet to promote health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vineetha Kalavally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Choo YS, Hong SW, Koo GE, Han SH. The eveningness chronotype is associated with nightmare distress and dream recall: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:329-335. [PMID: 38469083 PMCID: PMC10899907 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dreaming may be affected by sleep behavior; however, evidence of the effect of chronotypes on dreaming is limited. We investigated sleep patterns, dream recall, and nightmare distress according to chronotypes. This cross-sectional study retrospectively enrolled adult participants (age > 18 years) who visited a sleep laboratory between 2016 and 2021 and underwent standard polysomnography (PSG) and completed a self-reported questionnaire. Patients with major sleep disorders were excluded. Chronotypes and dreaming components were assessed using the Korean version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire and a nine-item dreaming questionnaire (nightmare distress and dream recall), respectively. Among healthy participants without major sleep disorders, the eveningness chronotype correlated with better dream recall than the morningness and intermediate chronotypes. Participants with the eveningness chronotype were younger and more likely to be unmarried than those with the other chronotypes. No significant chronotype-based difference was observed in the subjective measurements of sleep quality, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, depression, and anxiety or in respiration and movement events on PSG. In multivariate linear regression analysis, the chronotypes were independently related to nightmare distress (b = - 0.296; p = 0.002) and dream recall (b = - 0.334; p = 0.002). The apnea-hypopnea index was associated with nightmare distress (b = - 0.209; p = 0.029) and dream recall (b = - 0.189; p = 0.044). Depression was positively correlated with nightmare distress (b = 0.450; p = 0.002). Dream recall was best in the eveningness group among healthy adults. Greater eveningness was associated with higher nightmare distress and better dream recall. Further research is needed to understand the role of chronotypes in dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Seul Choo
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang wook Hong
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga eun Koo
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Han
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Costa M, Re M. Chronotype and quality of sleep in alpine skiers. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37080773 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpine skiing is among the most demanding sporting activities in terms of physical effort and mental workload. The aim of the study was to compare sleep quality and chronotype distribution between 84 highly trained alpine skiers and a control sample of 84 non-athletes matched by age and sex ratio. Quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI), and chronotype was assessed by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Additional questions assessed sleep management during training or competitions. The results showed a marked skewed chronotype distribution towards morningness in alpine skiers (52.4% morning type, 42.8% intermediate, and 4.8% evening type) in comparison to the control group. The midpoint of sleep was significantly anticipated among alpine skiers. Differently from the previous literature that showed poor sleep quality and quantity in competitive athletes, the quality and quantity of sleep in alpine skiers was within the normal range in all the PSQI subcomponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costa
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Re
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Jongte L, Trivedi AK. Chronotype, sleep quality and academic performances among Mizo students. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:398-408. [PMID: 34794352 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential component of the daily cycle. Age and puberty-related declines in sleep duration, delays in chronotype, and an increase in social jet lag have been consistently reported. This study examined chronotype and gender-based differences in adolescents' sleep quality, depression level, and academic achievements. Eight hundred fifteen school students (372 male and 443 female) aged 14 to 20 years voluntarily participated in this study. Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to measure their chronotype. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness were assessed by the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Pittsburgh's Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep habits. Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) was used to measure the sleep pattern of the students. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used to assess the level of depression for the students. Our results show neither type of students dominated the population studied but interestingly, in comparison to evening type, morning type individuals were higher among the population. Chronotype-based sleep quality and academic performances were observed, and higher depression levels, poor sleep quality, poor academic performances were observed in evening type compared to neither type and morning type. In contrast to males, females had a poor sleep pattern (CASQ) and a higher depression level (SDS). Altogether, our study shows the effect of chronotype and gender on sleep quality and depression levels among school students.
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Garbellotto L, Petit E, Brunet E, Gillet V, Bourdin H, Mougin F. Complete sleep evaluation of top professional cross-country mountain bikers athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:265-272. [PMID: 34080812 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing interest in athletes' sleep, few studies have focused on professional athletes, especially in individual sports. Moreover, limited investigations included female athletes. This study aims to evaluate sleep chronotype, as well as objective and subjective sleep characteristics in male and female professional cross-country mountain bikers. METHODS Thirteen athletes (7 males and 6 females) of the French national team took part in this study. The Chronotype was assessed by the Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and sleep by actigraphy for one month, by ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) for one night and by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS Most athletes (77 %) are classified as moderately morning type and a minority of athletes (23 %) are intermediate type. Athletes sleep on average 8 hours per night and during the night recorded by PSG, N3 and REM sleep stages represented 21.2 ± 3.4 % and 20.9 ± 3.1 % of the total sleep time, respectively. These good sleep parameters were confirmed by subjective data with 77 % good sleepers. Except the poorer subjective sleep quality in female athletes (5.7 ± 1.6) compared to male athletes (2.6 ± 1.7, p < 0.05), no significant sex difference was found for all characteristics evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The professional status of these athletes and the organization of mountain bike calendar may explain their good sleep characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Garbellotto
- Research Unit EA3920 and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France - .,Sports Science Faculty, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France - .,French Cycling Federation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France -
| | - Elisabeth Petit
- Research Unit EA3920 and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.,Sports Science Faculty, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
| | | | | | - Hubert Bourdin
- Research Unit EA481, Sleep Disorder Unit Hospital, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Fabienne Mougin
- Research Unit EA3920 and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.,Sports Science Faculty, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
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8
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Akçay BD, Akçay D, Yetkin S. The Effects of Mobile Electronic Devices Use on the Sleep States of University Students. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2021; 22:31-37. [PMID: 36426202 PMCID: PMC9590654 DOI: 10.5455/apd.99831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the purpose was to evaluate the effect of mobile electronic devices (MEDs) use on the sleep states of university students. METHODS The study was conducted in a cross-sectional fashion between April 21, 2019 and May 31, 2019 with the participation of the students registered in a public university at medical faculties and faculty of health sciences. Television viewing, MED and desktop computer use form, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Sleepiness Severity Index (SSI) were used as data collection tools. The data of 752 students (56.5% girls, mean age: 20.57 [SD = 1.54] years) were analyzed. RESULTS In this study, overall MED use times and PSQI, ESS, and SSI total scores were higher in students who had an evening-oriented chronotype. There was a negative relationship between overall and evening MED use times and the chronotype scores of the students. As a result of the regression analyses applied to the PSQI, ESS, and SSI dependent variables, a positive and significant relationship was detected with smartphone use times (P < 0.05, P = 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, there was a positive relationship between PSQI and ESS variables and iPod touch use times (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall MED use times were determined to be higher in students who had Type E chronotype. It was also determined that their sleep quality was poorer and their insomnia severity was higher, and there was more sleepiness in the students with chronotype E. Comprehensive interventions must be planned by professional healthcare staff for students on the topics of sleep hygiene and conscious media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Devrim Akçay
- Department of Mental Health and Disease, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital,
Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Duygu Akçay
- Department of Military Health Services, Ministry of National Defense,
Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Sinan Yetkin
- Clinic of Sleep Research Center, Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences,
Ankara,
Turkey
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10
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Gonzalez R, Gonzalez SD, McCarthy MJ. Using Chronobiological Phenotypes to Address Heterogeneity in Bipolar Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 5:72-84. [PMID: 32399471 DOI: 10.1159/000506636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in addition to disruptions in sleep, energy, appetite, and cognitive functions-rhythmic behaviors that typically change on daily cycles. BD symptoms can also be provoked by seasonal changes, sleep, and/or circadian disruption, indicating that chronobiological factors linked to the circadian clock may be a common feature in the disorder. Research indicates that BD exists on a clinical spectrum, with distinct subtypes often intersecting with other psychiatric disorders. This heterogeneity has been a major challenge to BD research and contributes to problems in diagnostic stability and treatment outcomes. To address this heterogeneity, we propose that chronobiologically related biomarkers could be useful in classifying BD into objectively measurable phenotypes to establish better diagnoses, inform treatments, and perhaps lead to better clinical outcomes. Presently, we review the biological basis of circadian time keeping in humans, discuss the links of BD to the circadian clock, and pre-sent recent studies that evaluated chronobiological measures as a basis for establishing BD phenotypes. We conclude that chronobiology may inform future research using other novel techniques such as genomics, cell biology, and advanced behavioral analyses to establish new and more biologically based BD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne D Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Center for Chronobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Valérie Groß J, Fritschi L, Hellmich M, Schwert I, Renner R, Pinger A, Wild U, Erren TC. Comparing different approaches to assess individual chronotypes in epidemiological studies (SEVERUS-Cohort). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1525132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Valérie Groß
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Schwert
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - René Renner
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Pinger
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ursula Wild
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Sleep in elite multi-sport athletes: Implications for athlete health and wellbeing. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 39:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Hasler BP, Wallace ML, White SJ, Molina BSG, Pedersen SL. Preliminary Evidence That Real World Sleep Timing and Duration are Associated With Laboratory-Assessed Alcohol Response. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1575-1584. [PMID: 31070238 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep timing and evening chronotype have been implicated in alcohol use problems but research has yet to study them in relation to theory-driven laboratory-based measures of alcohol use disorder risk. The current study examined (i) whether chronotype, sleep timing, and/or sleep duration are associated with alcohol response (subjective stimulation, sedation, and behavioral disinhibition) and (ii) if sex and race moderate these associations. METHODS Adult drinkers (N = 144; 46 female participants) completed 2 counterbalanced beverage administration sessions (alcohol and nonalcohol) during which they rated stimulation/sedation and completed a cued go/no-go task. They reported bed and waketimes over 10 days. RESULTS Later sleep timing was associated with greater increases in alcohol stimulation, but among male and White participants only. Later sleep timing (among male participants) and greater eveningness (examined among White male participants only) were associated with greater overall stimulation on average in the alcohol session relative to the nonalcohol session, irrespective of alcohol consumption. More variable sleep duration was associated with greater increases in sedation. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer preliminary, but novel evidence that sleep characteristics may relate to the relative stimulating and sedating effects of alcohol, thereby influencing the risk for alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meredith L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah J White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah L Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Doherty R, Madigan S, Warrington G, Ellis J. Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040822. [PMID: 30979048 PMCID: PMC6520871 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review explores the relationship between sleep and nutrition. Various nutritional interventions have been shown to improve sleep including high carbohydrate, high glycaemic index evening meals, melatonin, tryptophan rich protein, tart cherry juice, kiwifruit and micronutrients. Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health. For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition. Sleep has been shown to have a restorative effect on the immune system, the endocrine system, facilitate the recovery of the nervous system and metabolic cost of the waking state and has an integral role in learning, memory and synaptic plasticity, all of which can impact both athletic recovery and performance. Functional food-based interventions designed to enhance sleep quality and quantity or promote general health, sleep health, training adaptations and/or recovery warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rónán Doherty
- Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Port Road, Letterkenny, F92 FC93 County Donegal, Ireland.
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, 15, D15 Y52H, Dublin, Ireland.
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Sharon Madigan
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, 15, D15 Y52H, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Giles Warrington
- Health Research Institute, Schuman Building, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX County Donegal, Ireland.
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX County Donegal, Ireland.
| | - Jason Ellis
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Putilov AA, Verevkin EG, Donskaya OG, Tkachenko ON, Dorokhov VB. Model-based simulations of weekday and weekend sleep times self-reported by larks and owls. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1558735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arcady A. Putilov
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, The Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, The Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Verevkin
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, The Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga G. Donskaya
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, The Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga N. Tkachenko
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, The Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir B. Dorokhov
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, The Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Shields RA, Ludwig CA, Powers MA, Tijerina JD, Schachar IH, Moshfeghi DM. Surgical timing and presence of a vitreoretinal fellow on postoperative adverse events following pars plana vitrectomy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 30:81-87. [PMID: 30426767 DOI: 10.1177/1120672118811980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the adverse event rate following pars plana vitrectomy as a function of surgical start time and the presence of a vitreoretinal fellow. METHODS Single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 at Stanford University School of Medicine (Palo Alto, CA, USA). Records were reviewed for surgical start time, the presence of vitreoretinal fellow, and postoperative adverse events defined as any finding deviating from the expected postoperative course requiring observation or intervention. RESULTS A total of 310 pars plana vitrectomies were performed. There was no statistical difference in the rate of any adverse event when comparing cases starting after 16:01 (9/13, 69.2%) and after 12:01 (42/99, 42.4%) to a morning start time (69/198, 34.9%, adjusted p = 0.083). There was a statistically significant increase in the risk of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage with afternoon and evening cases as compared to morning cases (adjusted p = 0.021). In addition, there was no difference in any adverse event with a fellow present (93/244, 38.1%) compared to without (27/66, 40.9%, adjusted p = 0.163). There was a higher risk of postoperative hypotony when a fellow was involved (6.6% vs 0%, p = 0.028), though this difference disappeared after adjusting for confounders (adjusted p = 0.252). There was no difference in the length of surgery with and without a fellow (49 vs 54 min, respectively; p = 0.990). DISCUSSION Afternoon start time and the presence of a fellow were not independent risk factors for postoperative adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Shields
- Department of Ophthalmology, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cassie A Ludwig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Powers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Tijerina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ira H Schachar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Darius M Moshfeghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Bender AM, Van Dongen HPA, Samuels CH. Sleep Quality and Chronotype Differences between Elite Athletes and Non-Athlete Controls. Clocks Sleep 2018; 1:3-12. [PMID: 33089151 PMCID: PMC7509668 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has found that elite athletes have insufficient sleep, yet the specific kinds of sleep disturbances occurring as compared to a control group are limited. Here we compare the subjective sleep quality and chronotype of elite athletes to a control group of non-athlete good sleepers. Sixty-three winter Canadian National Team athletes (mean age 26.0 ± 0.0; 32% females) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Athlete Morningness Eveningness Scale. They were compared to 83 healthy, non-athlete, good-sleeper controls (aged 27.3 ± 3.7; 51% females) who completed the PSQI and the Composite Scale of Morningness. The elite athletes reported poorer sleep quality (PSQI global score 5.0 ± 2.6) relative to the controls (PSQI global score 2.6 ± 1.3), despite there being no group difference in self-reported sleep duration (athletes 8.1 ± 1.0 h; controls 8.0 ± 0.7 h). Further, athletes’ chronotype distribution showed a greater skew toward morningness, despite there being no group differences in self-reported usual bedtime and wake time. These results suggest that a misalignment of sleep times with circadian preference could contribute to poorer sleep quality in elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Bender
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-587-703-8664
| | - Hans P. A. Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Charles H. Samuels
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, Calgary, AB T2X 3V4, Canada
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Kentiba E, Mondal S, Mathivanan D, George M. Chronotype preferences of college students from varied altitude backgrounds in Ethiopia. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1742-1747. [PMID: 30067391 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1501054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare chronotype preferences of college students from high- and low-altitude backgrounds living in a tropical setting of Ethiopia. Chronotype (morningness-eveningness) is a preference for a given time of day for physical or mental activities. The present cross-sectional study employed Horne and Osteberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires to evaluate chronotype preferences. The chronotype preference of 264 male college students from varied altitude backgrounds indicated significant differences (p < 0.001). Our findings confirm our hypothesis, of the prevalence of M-types dominant chronotype among college students at low than high altitude. However, we did not confirm our second hypothesis, since students from high-altitude backgrounds were generally I-type dominant chronotype. Similarly, students' academic performances from low- compared to high-altitudes backgrounds also indicated significant differences (p < 0.003). Better academic performances were seen in students with I-type chronotype orientations from high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Kentiba
- a Department of Sports Science , Arba Minch College of Teachers' Education , Arba Minch-Ethiopia.,b Department of Sports Science , Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- b Department of Sports Science , Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
| | - D Mathivanan
- b Department of Sports Science , Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- c Department of Biochemistry , Mekelle University School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
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Park YK, Noh KH, Hong SB, Joo EY. Clinical and Polysomnographic Characteristics of Patients with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lee TY, Chang PC, Tseng IJ, Chung MH. Nocturnal sleep mediates the relationship between morningness-eveningness preference and the sleep architecture of afternoon naps in university students. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185616. [PMID: 29040275 PMCID: PMC5644984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the parameters of nocturnal sleep that mediate the relationship between morningness-eveningness preference and the sleep architecture of naps in university students. This study had a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design. The sleep architecture of 52 students invited to take an afternoon nap in the laboratory was recorded. The morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) was used to evaluate morningness-eveningness preference. An actigraph was used to collect students' nighttime sleep data in the week preceding the study. Polysomnography was used to measure the sleep architecture of the participants' naps. After adjustments for potential factors, although the MEQ did not directly correlate with the percentage of sleep stages in naps, the effects of the MEQ on the percentage of Stage 1 sleep, slow-wave sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep; sleep duration; and sleep efficiency of naps were mediated by the total sleep time in the preceding week. This preliminary study suggests that nap quality was affected by morningness-eveningness preference through the mediation of total nocturnal sleep time. Therefore, future studies should be carefully designed to consider nighttime sleep patterns when analyzing the effects of chronotypes on daytime sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yin Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jy Tseng
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Abstract
The aims of this study were (i) to compare the chronotype distribution of elite athletes to a young adult population and (ii) to determine if there was a tendency for athletes to select and/or participate in sports which suited their chronotype. A total of 114 elite athletes from five sports (cricket, cycling, hockey, soccer and triathlon) participated in this study. The participants' chronotype, sleepiness, sleep satisfaction and sleep quality were determined using the Horne and Östberg Morningness and Eveningness questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and questions concerning their sleep satisfaction and quality. All questionnaires were administered during a typical training phase that was not in the lead up to competition and/or post competition. No differences between chronotype group for sleepiness, sleep satisfaction or sleep quality were found. There was a significantly higher proportion of triathletes that were morning and intermediate types compared to the control group χ2 (2) = 7.5, p = 0.02. A significant relationship between sport and chronotype group (χ2(4)=15.9, p = 0.04) was observed, with a higher frequency of morning types involved in sports that required morning training. There was a clear indication that athletes tended to select and pursue sports that suited their chronotype. This was evident by the amount of morning types involved in morning sports. Given that athletes are more likely to pursue and excel in sports which suit their chronotype, it is recommended that coaches consider the athlete's chronotype during selection processes or if possible design and implement changes to training schedules to either suit the athletes' chronotype or the timing of an upcoming competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lastella
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory D Roach
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia
| | - Charli Sargent
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
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Kim SJ, Lee JH, Lee SY, Hwang JW, Suh IB. No association of CLOCK 3111T/C polymorphism with diurnal preference and sleep quality in Korean adults. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-015-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee SY, Hwang JW, Suh IB. Association of PER2 and CRY1 Polymorphisms with the Morningness-Eveningness in Korean Adults. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2015.6.2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Kunorozva L, Roden LC, Rae DE. Perception of effort in morning-type cyclists is lower when exercising in the morning. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:917-25. [PMID: 24479495 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.873139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A recent study found that South African endurance athletes are likely to be morning-types and carry the PER3(5) allele, which has been associated with a preference for mornings. The aim of this study was to measure the response of morning-type cyclists to a standardised bout of exercise performed at different times of the day. Participants ncluded 20 trained male cyclists (age: 39.8 ± 7.7 years, VO2max: 51.0 ± 7.0 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1), training: 166 ± 98 km · wk(-1)), categorised as morning-types (mean Horne-Östberg score: 68.3 ± 5.5) and carrying the PER3(5) allele. They completed a 17-min sub-maximal cycling test at 60%, 80% and 90% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) at 06h00, 10h00, 14h00, 18h00 and 22h00. These morning-type cyclists reported higher ratings of perceived exertion when cycling at 60% (P = 0.044), 80% (P < 0.001) and 90% (P < 0.001) of HRmax during the evening (18h00 and 22h00) compared to the other sessions (0600, 10h00 and 14h00). This was despite absolute power output, speed and cadence displaying no time-of-day differences. Thus, morning-type cyclists perceive the same relative intensity workload to be harder in the evening compared to the morning. This may have implications for both training and competition scheduling, and highlights the importance of considering individual chronotype in sports in which diurnal variation may be relevant to training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovemore Kunorozva
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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25
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A Hindi version of the Composite Scale of Morningness. Asian J Psychiatr 2013; 6:581-4. [PMID: 24309877 PMCID: PMC4026194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several pen and paper measures of human circadian preference are available in English, but none are available in Hindi, hampering research in circadian behavior among Hindi speaking populations in India and elsewhere. The present study describes a Hindi version of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), a self-reported questionnaire widely used to assess morningness/eveningness (M/E). M/E has been used a proxy for circadian phase in lieu of cumbersome and expensive laboratory studies. METHOD The thirteen item English version of the CSM was translated into Hindi and independently back translated into English. Inconsistencies between the original and back translated versions were then resolved. Both versions were next administered to bilingual persons at Delhi, India (N=130). After intra-class correlations between the Hindi and the English versions were examined, the Hindi version was administered to community based participants representing different age groups (N=310). RESULTS There was satisfactory intra-class correlation (ICC) between the total scores for the Hindi and the English versions of the CSM (Cronbach's alpha=0.873), with variation for individual items scores. Total CSM scores in the second sample suggested a significant association with age, consistent with published reports with the English CSM, i.e., morningness tendencies were more likely to be reported by older adults. Significant associations with gender or educational status were not observed. CONCLUSIONS The Hindi CSM is a brief questionnaire that provides behavioral measures of diurnal preference. It is freely available for research in Hindi speaking populations.
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Kim SJ, Lee JH, Kim IS, Jang KH, Duffy JF. Self-Reported Sleep Duration, Daytime Sleepiness, and Caffeine Use in Male and Female Morning and Evening Types. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2012.3.2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Beşoluk S, Onder I, Deveci I. Morningness-eveningness preferences and academic achievement of university students. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:118-25. [PMID: 21231873 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2010.540729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates whether the circadian preferences of students are related to their academic achievements. This study explores whether different class times affect students' achievement and examines the performance of students on final exams administered at 09:30 h for differences according to chronotype. A total of 1471 university students between 18 and 25 yrs of age responded to a morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), and data on their cumulative grade point averages (CGPA) were also collected from their transcripts. Some of the students in the sample attended classes during the first teaching period, which started at 08:00 h and ended at 14:50 h, and the remaining students followed the second schedule, which started at 15:00 h and ended at 21:50 h. MEQ scores were found to differ by sex. MEQ scores partially predicted academic success and that students' academic achievements differed according to the time of the teaching period. Moreover, final exam (administered at 09:30 h) scores differed with respect to their circadian preferences; students with a morning preference achieved higher scores than either those with an evening or intermediate preference. Both teaching and test start times thus impact academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senol Beşoluk
- Department of Elementary Science Education, Sakarya University, Faculty of Education, Sakarya, Turkey. sbesoluk@sakar
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Borisenkov MF. Latitude of Residence and Position in Time Zone are Predictors of Cancer Incidence, Cancer Mortality, and Life Expectancy at Birth. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:155-62. [PMID: 21231877 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2010.541312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Borisenkov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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FERNÁNDEZ-MENDOZA J, ILIOUDI C, MONTES MI, OLAVARRIETA-BERNARDINO S, AGUIRRE-BERROCAL A, DE LA CRUZ-TROCA JJ, VELA-BUENO A. Circadian preference, nighttime sleep and daytime functioning in young adulthood. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2010.00430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Staples VSL, Archer SN, Arber S, Skene DJ. Daily light exposure profiles in older non-resident extreme morning and evening types. J Sleep Res 2009; 18:466-71. [PMID: 19691475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Differences in daily light exposure profiles have been reported, with younger M-types shown to spend more time in bright light, especially in the morning, compared with E-types. This study aimed to investigate how patterns of daily light exposure in older non-resident M-types and E-types compare. Sleep diaries were kept during actigraphic measurement of activity and light using the Actiwatch-L for 14 days in 12 M-types [eight females, mean +/- standard deviation (SD) Horne-Ostberg Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (HO MEQ) score 75.2 +/- 1.6] and 11 E-types (seven females, HO MEQ 41.5 +/- 4.8), over 60 years old, living in their own homes. Light data were log-transformed, averaged over each hour, and group x time analysis of covariance (ancova) performed with age as a covariate. M-types had significantly earlier bed and wake time than E-types, but there was no significant difference in sleep duration, sleep efficiency or time spent in bed between groups. Daily exposure to light intensity greater than 1000 lux was compared between the two groups, with no significant difference in the duration of exposure to >1000 lux between M-types and E-types. Twenty-four-hour patterns of light exposure show that M-types were exposed to higher light intensity at 06:00 h than E-types. Conversely, E-types were exposed to higher light intensity between 22:00 and 23:00 h than M-types. These findings show that differences in daily light exposure patterns found previously in younger M-types and E-types are also found in older M-types and E-types, but at an earlier clock-time, confirming the tendency to advance with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S L Staples
- Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Morningness is a stable characteristic of individuals, related to impulsivity and novelty seeking. The evening orientation is a risk factor for psychiatric conditions such as depression and personality disorders. The authors hypothesized that adults suspected of having ADHD are more evening oriented than adults without ADHD. METHOD Exploratory factor analyses were performed on the polychoric correlation matrices of the full Adult Self-Report Scale for ADHD (ASRS) and the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). RESULTS As expected, two factors for the ASRS--Inattention and Impulsivity- Hyperactivity--and three factors for the CSM were retrieved. All three CSM factors correlated negatively with ASRS Inattention, none with ASRS Impulsivity-Hyperactivity. CONCLUSION Inattention is more strongly related to eveningness than is Impulsivity-Hyperactivity, and therefore eveningness may constitute an endophenotype of the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD. These findings need to be replicated in a patient population with a standardized assessment of sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Caci
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice--Cedex 3, France.
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Vardar E, Vardar SA, Molla T, Kaynak C, Ersoz E. Psychological symptoms and sleep quality in young subjects with different circadian preferences. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010701736884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chronotype and time-of-day influences on the alerting, orienting, and executive components of attention. Exp Brain Res 2008; 192:189-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-008-1567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Contemporary lifestyle and different life circumstances often require that individuals restrict their sleep duration and change their sleep schedule. That often leads to sleep deprivation. Former studies showed that sleep deprivation effects on the physiological and psychological functioning of an individual depended on numerous factors such as type of sleep deprivation, previous sleep duration, time of day when the effects were examined, characteristics of tasks performed, and the subject's motivation. This paper discusses the effects of sleep deprivation and the existence of stable individual differences in those effects, named "vulnerability to sleep loss". Recent studies indicate that some characteristics of the subjects could help predict systematic and robust sleep deprivation effects, such as age, sex and personality characteristics. Furthermore, the article discusses the importance of individual differences in specific characteristics related to sleep and wakefulness like those in preferred circadian phase, sleep need, individual level of sleepiness, and the ability to fall asleep quickly. So far, studies of individual characteristics did not result in consistent conclusions about their predictive importance for vulnerability to sleep loss. Further studies directed at this problem could help identify individuals who are more vulnerable to sleep loss, and contribute to personal and public safety of night work.
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Kudielka BM, Federenko IS, Hellhammer DH, Wüst S. Morningness and eveningness: The free cortisol rise after awakening in “early birds” and “night owls”. Biol Psychol 2006; 72:141-6. [PMID: 16236420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated salivary cortisol profiles in the first hour after awakening in morning versus evening chronotypes. Chronotypes were defined by Horne and Ostberg's Owl-and-Lark-Questionnaire. In a sample of 112 healthy, day-active young men, we identified 9 morning and 29 evening chronotypes. Saliva samples were collected 0, 30, 45, and 60min after awakening on 2 consecutive days. Log-transformed cortisol levels were analyzed with General Linear Model procedures (GLMs) and awakening time and sleep duration were entered as covariates. On both days, a significant main effect of chronotype emerged (both p=0.02), and this effect could not be explained by differences in awakening time or sleep duration. The present data support the idea that morning relative to evening chronotypes might show higher cortisol levels in the first hour after awakening. In sum, individual chronotype should be acknowledged as one further possible source of interindividual variability in the cortisol rise after awakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M Kudielka
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Psychobiology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, D-54290 Trier, Germany.
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Hidalgo MPL, de Souza CM, Zanette CB, Nunes PV. Association of daytime sleepiness and the morningness/eveningness dimension in young adult subjects in Brazil. Psychol Rep 2004; 93:427-34. [PMID: 14650667 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2003.93.2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleepiness is a major public health problem associated with motor vehicle crashes, occupational accidents, decreased productivity, and interpersonal problems. It can be influenced by many factors, including the individual's circadian rhythm. The objective of this study is to assess the correlation between the morningness/eveningness dimension and daytime sleepiness in medical school students. This is a cross-sectional study; 310 subjects (123 women and 187 men, M age 20.5 +/- 1.9 yr.) completed a questionnaire on use of drugs, diagnostic diseases, sleeping habits, the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The only variable related to daytime sleepiness was the morningness/eveningness dimension (r = -.18, p=.002). Questions with higher coefficients of discrimination between the morning and the evening chronotype were "Lying down to rest in the afternoon when circumstances permit" (.61), "Sitting and reading" (.53), and "As a passenger in a car for an hour without a break" (.53). The implications of the findings are discussed.
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HIDALGO MARIAPAZLOAYZA. ASSOCIATION OF DAYTIME SLEEPINESS AND THE MORNINGNESS/EVENINGNESS DIMENSION IN YOUNG ADULT SUBJECTS IN BRAZIL. Psychol Rep 2003. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.93.6.427-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Giannotti F, Cortesi F, Sebastiani T, Ottaviano S. Circadian preference, sleep and daytime behaviour in adolescence. J Sleep Res 2002; 11:191-9. [PMID: 12220314 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between circadian preferences, regularity of sleep patterns, sleep problems, daytime sleepiness and daytime behaviour. As a part of an epidemiological survey on sleep in a representative sample of Italian high-school students, a total of 6631 adolescents, aged 14.1-18.6 years, completed the School Sleep Habits Survey, a comprehensive questionnaire including items regarding sleep, sleepiness, substance use, anxiety and depressed mood, use of sleeping pills, school attendance and a morningness/eveningness scale. The sample consisted of 742 evening-types (315 males and 427 females; mean age 17.1 years) and 1005 morning-types (451 males and 554 females; mean age 16.8 years). No significant sex differences were found for morningness/eveningness score. Eveningness was associated with later bedtime and wake-up time, especially on weekends, shorter time in bed during the week, longer weekend time in bed, irregular sleep-wake schedule, subjective poor sleep. Moreover, evening types used to nap more frequently during school days, complained of daytime sleepiness, referred more attention problems, poor school achievement, more injuries and were more emotionally upset than the other chronotype. They referred also greater caffeine-containing beverages and substances to promote sleep consumption. Our results suggest that circadian preference might be related not only to sleep pattern, but also to other adolescent behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giannotti
- Center of Pediatric Sleep Disorders, Department of Developmental Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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