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Heidarrezaei M, Mauriello G, Shokravi H, Lau WJ, Ismail AF. Delivery of Probiotic-Loaded Microcapsules in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10311-6. [PMID: 38907825 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and confer health benefits to consumers. However, a sufficient number of viable probiotic cells must be delivered to the specific site of interest in the gastrointestinal tract to exert these benefits. Enhanced viability and tolerance to sublethal gastrointestinal stress can be achieved using appropriate coating materials and food matrices for orally consumed probiotics. The release mechanism and interaction of probiotic microcapsules with the gastrointestinal tract have been minimally explored in the literature to date. To the authors' knowledge, no review has been published to discuss the nature of release and the challenges in the targeted delivery of probiotics. This review addresses gastrointestinal-related complications in the formulation of targeted delivery and controlled release of probiotic strains. It investigates the impacts of environmental stresses during the transition stage and delivery to the target region in the gastrointestinal tract. The influence of factors such as pH levels, enzymatic degradation, and redox conditions on the release mechanisms of probiotics is presented. Finally, the available methods to evaluate the efficiency of a probiotic delivery system, including in vitro and in vivo, are reviewed and assessed. The paper concludes with a discussion highlighting the emerging technologies in the field and emphasising key areas in need of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Heidarrezaei
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Gianluigi Mauriello
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80049, Naples, Italy
| | - Hoofar Shokravi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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2
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Li S, Zhang YX. Sensitive delivery systems and novel encapsulation technologies for live biotherapeutic products and probiotics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:371-384. [PMID: 37074732 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2202237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Live biotherapeutic product (LBP), a type of biological product, holds promise for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disease and pathogenic infection. Probiotics are live microorganisms that improve the intestinal microbial balance and beneficially affect the health of the host when ingested in sufficient numbers. These biological products possess the advantages of inhibition of pathogens, degradation of toxins, and modulation of immunity. The application of LBP and probiotic delivery systems has attracted great interest to researchers. The initial used technologies for LBP and probiotic encapsulation are traditional capsules and microcapsules. However, the stability and targeted delivery capability require further improved. The specific sensitive materials can greatly improve the delivery efficiency of LBPs and probiotics. The specific sensitive delivery systems show advantages over traditional ones due to their better properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, innocuousness, and stability. Moreover, some new technologies, including layer-by-layer encapsulation, polyelectrolyte complexation, and electrohydrodynamic technology, show great potential in LBP and probiotic delivery. In this review, novel delivery systems and new technologies of LBPs and probiotics were presented, and the challenges and prospects were explored in specific sensitive materials for LBP and probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Kanwal U, Mukhtar S, Waheed M, Mehreen A, Abbas N, Shamim R, Hussain K, Rasool F, Hussain A, Bukhari NI. Fixed Dose Single Tablet Formulation with Differential Release of Amlodipine Besylate and Simvastatin and Its Pharmacokinetic Profile: QbD and Risk Assessment Approach. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:2193-2210. [PMID: 34079222 PMCID: PMC8164448 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s240506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A differential release fixed dose matrix tablet of amlodipine besylate (AML-B) and simvastatin (SIM) was formulated to enhance patient compliance. Material and Method In the first phase, release controlling parameters of AML-B and SIM granules were identified and in the second phase a fixed dose AML-B and SIM tablet formulation was prepared and optimized for a differential release of the drugs using a quality by design (QbD) and risk assessment approach. A validated HPLC method was employed for simultaneous determination of AML-B and SIM for FDC formulation. A pharmacokinetics of the above drugs was studied in healthy dogs in the third phase. Results In QbD-based optimized formulation, Eudragit® RSPO-dicalcium phosphate (DCP) blend controlled the release of AML-B over 8 h, though this diffusion-controlled release assumed first order kinetics. DCP and Eudragit® RS 100 also retarded release of SIM causing SIM release over 8 h after AML-B release from the optimized FDC tablet formulation. The HPLC retention times of AML-B and SIM were 2.10 and 15.52 min, respectively. Linearity for AML-B was 5.0–50 ng/mL and 0.01–2.0 µg/mL for SIM with percent recoveries of 92.85–101.53% and 94.51–117.75% for AML-B and SIM. AUC0-∞ of AML-B was increased 3 fold, while AUC0-∞ of SIM was decreased 2 fold. The tmax values for AML-B and SIM were 12 and 6 h, respectively. AML-B was absorbed without any lag time (tlag) while tlag was 6.33 ± 0.81 h for SIM, thus met the study objective. Conclusion The pharmacokinetic study showed an immediate absorption of AML-B while that of SIM was withheld for 6 h, close to the desired delay time of 8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummarah Kanwal
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mukhtar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nasir Abbas
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Shamim
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Rasool
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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4
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Wathoni N, Nguyen AN, Rusdin A, Umar AK, Mohammed AFA, Motoyama K, Joni IM, Muchtaridi M. Enteric-Coated Strategies in Colorectal Cancer Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4387-4405. [PMID: 33116423 PMCID: PMC7585804 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s273612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases with the increase of cases prevalence >5% every year. Multidrug resistance mechanisms and non-localized therapy become primary problems of chemotherapy drugs for curing colorectal cancer disease. Therefore, the enteric-coated nanoparticle system has been studied and proved to be able to resolve those problems with good performance for colorectal cancer. The highlight of our review aims to summarize and discuss the enteric-coated nanoparticle drug delivery system specific for colorectal cancer disease. The main and supporting literatures were collected from published research articles of journals indexed in Scopus and PubMed databases. In the oral route of administration, Eudragit pH-sensitive copolymer as a coating agent prevents the degradation of the nanoparticle system from the gastric fluid and releases drug to intestinal-colon track. Therefore, it provides a colon-specific targeting ability. Impressively, enteric-coated nanoparticles having a sustained release profile significantly increase the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and achieve cell-specific target delivery. The enteric-coated nanoparticle drug delivery system represents an excellent modification to improve the effectiveness and performance of anticancer drugs for colorectal cancer disease in terms of the oral route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Research Center of Excellence, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - An Ny Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Germany
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - Abd Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto862-0973, Japan
| | - I Made Joni
- Functional Nano Powder University Research Center of Excellence, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Functional Nano Powder University Research Center of Excellence, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang45363, Indonesia
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ghosh D, Williams RO. Just how prevalent are peptide therapeutic products? A critical review. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119491. [PMID: 32622810 PMCID: PMC10655677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
How prevalent are peptide therapeutic products? How innovative are the formulations used to deliver peptides? This review provides a critical analysis of therapeutic peptide products and the formulations approved by the United States Food and Drug administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). This review also provides an in-depth analysis of dosage forms and administration routes for delivering peptide therapeutics, including injectables, oral dosage forms, and other routes of administration. We discuss the function of excipients in parenteral formulations in detail, since most peptide therapeutics are parenterally administered. We provide case studies of alternate delivery routes and dosage forms. Based on our analysis, therapeutic peptides administered as injectables remain the most commonly used dosage forms, particularly in the form of subcutaneous, intravenous, or intramuscular injections. In addition, therapeutic peptides are formulated to achieve prolonged release, often through the use of polymer carriers. The limited number of oral therapeutic peptide products and their poor absorption and subsequent low bioavailability indicate a need for new technologies to broaden the formulation design space. Therapeutic peptide products may also be delivered through other administration routes, including intranasal, implant, and sublingual routes. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of how therapeutic peptides are now formulated and administered is essential to improve peptide delivery, improve patient compliance, and reduce the healthcare burden for these crucial therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hairui Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Hosseini S, Wey K, Epple M. Enteric Coating Systems for the Oral Administration of Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Carrying Nucleic Acids into the Colon. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Hosseini
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitaetsstr. 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Karolin Wey
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitaetsstr. 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitaetsstr. 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
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7
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Kaffash E, Saremnejad F, Abbaspour M, Mohajeri SA, Garekani HA, Jafarian AH, Sardo HS, Akhgari A, Nokhodchi A. Statistical optimization of alginate-based oral dosage form of 5-aminosalicylic acid aimed to colonic delivery: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Englert C, Brendel JC, Majdanski TC, Yildirim T, Schubert S, Gottschaldt M, Windhab N, Schubert US. Pharmapolymers in the 21st century: Synthetic polymers in drug delivery applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Development of Colorectal-Targeted Dietary Supplement Tablets Containing Natural Purple Rice Bran Oil as a Colorectal Chemopreventive. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040444. [PMID: 29617306 PMCID: PMC5946229 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer occurs due to various factors. The important risks are dietary lifestyle and inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It has been found that the inhibitory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the colorectal region can potentially reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. The present study investigated rice bran oil from natural purple rice bran, which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive compound content of natural purple rice bran oil (NPRBO) derived from native Thai purple rice and the anti-inflammatory activity of NPRBO in colorectal cancer cells, and to develop a colorectal delivery platform in the form of film-coated tablets. NPRBO from the rice bran of five different Thai purple rice cultivars, namely Khao’ Gam Leum-Phua (KGLP), Khao’ Gam Boung (KGB), Khao’ Gam Thor (KGT), Khao’ Gam Pah E-Kaw (KGPEK), and Khao’ Niaw Dam (KND), were extracted using the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technique. The amount of γ-oryzanol (ORY), tocotrienols, and tocopherols present in NPRBOs and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of NPRBO were investigated. The highest anti-inflammatory NPRBO was transformed into a dry and free-flowing powder by liquisolid techniques. Then, it was compressed into core tablets and coated with Eudragit®L100 and Eudragit® NE30D. The in vitro release study of the film-coated NPRBO tablets was performed in three-phase simulated gastrointestinal media. The cultivar KGLP was superior to the other samples in terms of the ORY, tocotrienol and tocopherol contents and anti-inflammatory activity. Aerosil® was the most suitable absorbent for transforming NPRBO into a free-flowing powder and was used to prepare the NPRBO core tablets. The in vitro KGLP-NPRBO film-coated tablet release profile showed that no ORY was released at gastric pH while 85% of ORY was released at pH 7.4 after 6 h; this would be expected to occur in the colorectal area. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of KGLP-NPRBO to prevent colorectal cancer via a specific colorectal dietary supplement delivery system.
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10
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Prezotti FG, Boni FI, Ferreira NN, Silva DDSE, Campana-Filho SP, Almeida A, Vasconcelos T, Gremião MPD, Cury BSF, Sarmento B. Gellan Gum/Pectin Beads Are Safe and Efficient for the Targeted Colonic Delivery of Resveratrol. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10010050. [PMID: 30966087 PMCID: PMC6414934 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work addresses the establishment and characterization of gellan gum:pectin (GG:P) biodegradable mucoadhesive beads intended for the colon-targeted delivery of resveratrol (RES). The impact of the polymer carrier system on the cytotoxicity and permeability of RES was evaluated. Beads of circular shape (circularity index of 0.81) with an average diameter of 914 μm, Span index of 0.29, and RES entrapment efficiency of 76% were developed. In vitro drug release demonstrated that beads were able to reduce release rates in gastric media and control release for up to 48 h at an intestinal pH of 6.8. Weibull’s model correlated better with release data and b parameter (0.79) indicated that the release process was driven by a combination of Fickian diffusion and Case II transport, indicating that both diffusion and swelling/polymer chains relaxation are processes that contribute equally to control drug release rates. Beads and isolated polymers were observed to be safe for Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal cell lines. RES encapsulation into the beads allowed for an expressive reduction of drug permeation in an in vitro triple intestinal model. This feature, associated with low RES release rates in acidic media, can favor targeted drug delivery from the beads in the colon, a promising behavior to improve the local activity of RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Garavello Prezotti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara⁻Jaú, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Isadora Boni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara⁻Jaú, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Natália Noronha Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara⁻Jaú, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Daniella De Souza E Silva
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Paulo Campana-Filho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Almeida
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Teófilo Vasconcelos
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara⁻Jaú, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Stringhetti Ferreira Cury
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara⁻Jaú, Km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Gadalla HH, El-Gibaly I, Soliman GM, Mohamed FA, El-Sayed AM. Amidated pectin/sodium carboxymethylcellulose microspheres as a new carrier for colonic drug targeting: Development and optimization by factorial design. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:526-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wulff R, Leopold CS. Coatings of Eudragit® RL and L-55 Blends: Investigations on the Drug Release Mechanism. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:493-503. [PMID: 26265188 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, generally lower drug release rates from RL:L55 blend coated pellets in neutral/basic release media than in acidic release media were reported. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the drug release mechanism of solid dosage forms coated with blends of Eudragit® RL (RL) and Eudragit® L-55 (L55). Swelling experiments with free films were analyzed spectroscopically and gravimetrically to identify the physicochemical cause for this release behavior. With Raman spectroscopy, the swelling of copolymer films could be monitored. IR spectroscopic investigations on RL:L55 blends immersed in media at pH 6.8 confirmed the formation of interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) that were not detectable after swelling in hydrochloric acid pH 1.2. Further investigations revealed that these IPECs decreased the extent of ion exchange between the quaternary ammonium groups of RL and the swelling media. This is presumably the reason for the previously reported decreased drug permeability of RL:L55 coatings in neutral/basic media as ion exchange is the determining factor in drug release from RL coated dosage forms. Gravimetric erosion studies confirmed that L55 was not leached out of the film blends during swelling in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. In contrast to all other investigated films, the 4:1 (RL:L55) blend showed an extensive swelling within 24 h at pH 6.8 which explains the reported sigmoidal release behavior of 4:1 blend coated pellets. These results help to understand the release behavior of RL:L55 blend coated solid dosage forms.
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13
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Liang C, Liu Q, Xu Z. Synthesis of Surface-Responsive Composite Particles by Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20631-20639. [PMID: 26302364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. The simple preparative method does not consume unnecessary chemical reagents and produces no waste material. The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. The surface of composite particles, furthermore, is water-permeable, which allows water to be absorbed from emulsified droplets. The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. The use of the composite absorbent particles, described herein, presents another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta , 7th Floor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Facility (ECERF), 9107 - 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta , 7th Floor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Facility (ECERF), 9107 - 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta , 7th Floor, Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Facility (ECERF), 9107 - 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
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Deol PK, Kaur IP. Improving the therapeutic efficiency of ginger extract for treatment of colon cancer using a suitably designed multiparticulate system. J Drug Target 2013; 21:855-65. [PMID: 23962278 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.829076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ginger extract (GE), a potential natural anticancer agent, has compromised therapeutic utilization due to poor bioavailability and physicochemical properties. Present study aimed at assigning GE with a pharmaceutical couture so as to improve its biopharmaceutical performance by monitoring its localized (though prolonged) delivery in the distal parts of gastrointestinal tract for the treatment of colon cancer. Alginate beads entrapping 85.9 ± 1.78% GE were subjected to Eudragit S100 coating. Latter is insoluble at acidic and near neutral (6.8) pH of stomach and upper part of small intestine and it led to 50% retardation (upto 12 h) in release of GE. However, it was solubilised at pH > 7.0 resulting in colon targeted system. Developed beads were free flowing, showed a particle size of 0.9 ± 0.006 mm and super class-II release controlled by swelling and polymer relaxation. Preclinical evaluation using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer, in male Wistar rats, in terms of histopathology, oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex activity, β-glucuronidase and ammonia concentration determinations indicated GE loaded beads (50 mg/kg) to be significantly better (p < 0.05) than free GE. Highlight of the study was that GE loaded coated alginate beads were administered after the induction of colon cancer and significant recession of the cancers was observed after 4 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parneet Kaur Deol
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Formulation Development and Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics from Colon-Targeted Ibuprofen Tablets Based on Eudragit RL 100-Chitosan Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2013; 2013:838403. [PMID: 23986877 PMCID: PMC3748778 DOI: 10.1155/2013/838403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colon-targeted drug delivery systems (CTDDSs) could be useful for local treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In this study, various interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs), formed between Eudragit RL100 (EL) and chitosan (CS), by nonstoichiometric method, and tablets based on the IPECs, prepared by wet granulation, were evaluated as potential oral CTDDSs for ibuprofen (IBF). Results obtained showed that the tablets conformed to compendial requirements for acceptance and that CS and EL formed IPECs that showed pH-dependent swelling properties and prolonged the in vitro release of IBF from the tablets in the following descending order: 3 : 2 > 2 : 3 > 1 : 1 ratios of CS and EL. An electrostatic interaction between the carbonyl (–CO–) group of EL and amino (–NH3+) group of CS of the tablets formulated with the IPECs was capable of preventing drug release in the stomach and small intestine and helped in delivering the drug to the colon. Kinetic analysis of drug release profiles showed that the systems predominantly released IBF in a zero-order manner. IPECs based on CS and EL could be exploited successfully for colon-targeted delivery of IBF in the treatment of IBDs.
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Sharma A, Kundu S, Reddy M A, Bajaj A, Srivastava A. Design and engineering of disulfide crosslinked nanocomplexes of polyamide polyelectrolytes: stability under biorelevant conditions and potent cellular internalization of entrapped model peptide. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:927-37. [PMID: 23696522 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Counter polyelectrolytes (PEs) having a degradable polyamide backbone and controlled thiolation are prepared. Their nanosized polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) spontaneously crosslink under ambient conditions via bioreducible disulfide bonds. These PECs are regenerable after centrifugation, and resist degradation by proteases. They are stable to variations of pH and electrolyte concentration, similar to those encountered in biological milieu. However, they are unraveled in reductive conditions. These PECs act as efficient vectors for delivering entrapped cargo. They entrap with high efficiency, and controllably release, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-insulin (a model peptide) in vitro. Potent cellular internalization of FITC-insulin within human lung cancer cells with high cell viability is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Govindpura, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
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Krishnaiah YSR, Khan MA. Strategies of targeting oral drug delivery systems to the colon and their potential use for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 17:521-40. [PMID: 22681390 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.696268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. Often, surgical intervention remains the choice in treating CRC. Traditional dosage forms used for treating CRC deliver drug to wanted as well as unwanted sites of drug action resulting in several adverse side effects. Targeted oral drug delivery systems are being investigated to target and deliver chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents directly to colon and rectum. Site-specific delivery of a drug to colon increases its concentration at the target site, and thus requires a lower dose with reduced incidence of side effects. The major obstacle to be overcome for successful targeting of drug to colon through oral route is that drug absorption/degradation must be avoided in stomach and small intestine before the dosage form reaches colon. The review includes discussion of physiological factors that must be considered when targeting drugs directly to colorectal region, an outline on drugs used for treatment and prevention of CRC, and a brief description of various types of colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems. The focus is on the assessment of various formulation approaches being investigated for oral colon-specific delivery of drugs used in the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yellela S R Krishnaiah
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Springs, MD 20993, USA.
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Prezotti FG, Meneguin AB, Evangelista RC, Ferreira Cury BS. Preparation and characterization of free films of high amylose/pectin mixtures cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1354-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.650863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Qureshi J, Amir M, Ahuja A, Baboota S, Ali J. Chronomodulated drug delivery system of salbutamol sulphate for the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:351-6. [PMID: 20046744 PMCID: PMC2792514 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.43000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A time dependent pulsed release system consisting of an effervescent core surrounded by consecutive layers of swelling and rupturable polymers was prepared and evaluated. The cores containing salbutamol sulphate as bioactive agent were prepared by direct compression method using different ratios of microcrystalline cellulose and effervescent agent and then coated sequentially with an inner swelling layer containing a hydrocolloid, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose E5 and an outer rupturable layer having Eudragit RL/RS (1:1). The effects of various processing and formulative parameters on the performance of system were studied. The rupture and dissolution tests were studied using the USP paddle method at 50 rpm in 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The lag time of the drug release decreased by increasing the inner swelling layer and increased by increasing the rupturing layer level. All the results obtained in the present study suggest that osmotic pumping effect was involved which eventually lead to the drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, (Hamdard University), New Delhi-110 062, India
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Uğurlu T, Türkoğlu M, Özaydın T. In vitro evaluation of compression-coated glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu2+)-loaded microparticles for colonic drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:1282-9. [PMID: 21457130 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.569934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested. GHK-Cu(2+) delivery to colon can be useful for the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase, with the increasing secretion of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPS),which are the major factors contributing in mucosal ulceration and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. The concentration of peptide was determined spectrophotometrically. The results obtained implied that surfactant ratio had a significant effect on percent production yield (1.25 to 1.75 w/w; 72.22% to 80.84%), but cross-linking agent concentration had not. The entrapment efficiency (EE) was found to be in the range of 58.25-78.37%. The drug-loading factor significantly increased the EE; however, enhancement of cross-linking agent concentration decreased it. The release of GHK-Cu(2+) from Zn-pectinate microparticles (F1-F8) in simulated intestinal fluid was strongly affected by cross-linking agent concentration and drug amount (50 mg for F1-F6; 250 mg for F7-F8), but not particularly affected by surfactant amount. Release profiles represented that the microparticles released 50-80% their drug load within 4 h. Therefore, the optimum microparticle formulation (F8) coated with a relatively hydrophobic polymer HPC to get a suitable colonic delivery system. The optimum colonic delivery tablets prepared with 700 mg HPC-SL provided the expected delayed release with a lag time of 6 h. The effects of polymer viscosity and coat weight on GHK-Cu(2+) release were found to be crucial for the optimum delay of lag time. The invention was found to be promising for colonic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timuçin Uğurlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Kshirsagar SJ, Bhalekar MR, Shewale NS, Godbole VP, Jagdale PK, Mohapatra SK. Development of enzyme-controlled colonic drug delivery using amylose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: Optimization by factorial design. Drug Deliv 2011; 18:385-93. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.567308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bautzová T, Rabišková M, Lamprecht A. Multiparticulate systems containing 5-aminosalicylic acid for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:1100-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.560156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Eudragit-coated albumin nanospheres carrying inclusion complexes for oral administration of indomethacin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hashem FM, Shaker DS, Nasr M, Saad IE, Ragaey R. Guar gum and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose compressed coated tablets for colonic drug delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation in healthy human volunteers. Drug Discov Ther 2011; 5:90-5. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahima M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
| | - Dalia S. Shaker
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
| | - Ibrahim E. Saad
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
| | - Reem Ragaey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
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Patel MM, Amin AF. Design and optimization of colon-targeted system of theophylline for chronotherapy of nocturnal asthma. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:1760-72. [PMID: 21154966 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a delayed-onset controlled-release colon-targeted system of theophylline, and to achieve the chronotherapy of nocturnal asthma. The formulation consisted of a core tablet containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose used for achieving controlled release of drug, and a Eudragit S100:ethyl cellulose (EC) coating capable of delaying the drug release. The system was optimized using a 3(2) full factorial design, wherein two factors [ratio of Eudragit S100:EC and the coating level (% w/w)] were evaluated for lag time, t(50) and t(80) . The optimum formulation consisted of Eudragit S100:EC in a 60:40 ratio and a coating level of 7.5% (w/w). Results showed that the tablets prepared according to the optimized values released no drug in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract; drug release was initiated at pH 6.4 (colon) after a lag time of 5 h. In vivo evaluation (pharmacokinetic studies and roentgenography) in rabbits revealed that the tablet remained intact until it reaches the colon and the drug release was initiated after a lag time of 5 h. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed system exhibited a promising colonic targeting and hence may be used for chronotherapy of nocturnal asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
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27
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Miranda JRA, Corá LA, Américo MF, Romeiro FG. AC biosusceptometry technique to evaluate the gastrointestinal transit of pellets under influence of prandial state. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:317-24. [PMID: 19431208 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiparticulate dosage forms have been proposed when distal regions of gastrointestinal tract are desirable as target of drugs. It is known that physiological parameters might interfere with the processes related to the drug delivery and absorption and therefore, it is essential to evaluate the behavior of such delivery systems in vivo. The aim of this study was to propose the AC Biosusceptometry technique as a noninvasive and radiation free device to evaluate the gastrointestinal transit of a magnetic multiparticulate dosage form in healthy volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. Magnetic pellets were prepared by the powder layering method of ferrite on nonpareils sugar beads and coated by using Eudragit. Our data showed that the AC Biosusceptometry technique was able to monitoring the gastrointestinal transit of pellets presenting similar profiles as demonstrated by standard techniques. Food intake has markedly influenced the gastric emptying as well as the colon arrival and the small intestine transit of magnetic pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ricardo A Miranda
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Biosciences Institute, IBB, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, PO Box 510, 18618-000 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Obeidat WM, Abuznait AH, Sallam ASA. Sustained release tablets containing soluble polymethacrylates: comparison with tableted polymethacrylate IPEC polymers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:54-63. [PMID: 20054671 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare a novel sustained release tablet formulation that has the potential to be used for drugs of different physicochemical properties using a binary mixture of polymethacrylate polymers in their salt forms with the polymethacrylate interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) tablets in terms of drug release and compactness. Also, we aimed to compare this formulation with an IPEC tablet in terms of drug release. Tablets prepared using Eudragit E-Citrate and Eudragit L-Sodium were more convenient, easier to prepare, and showed better sustained release and compactness characteristics compared to IPEC tablets of similar concentrations and preparation methods.
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29
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Aimone AM, Connolly B, Chaudhary S, Lugtu-Pe J, Martinuzzi F, Pencharz P, O'Connor DL. A combination of pH-sensitive caplet coatings may be an effective noninvasive strategy to deliver bioactive substances, nutrients, or their precursors to the colon. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 34:893-900. [PMID: 19935851 DOI: 10.1139/h09-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that bacterially synthesized nutrients in the large intestine may significantly influence the nutritional status of humans and, specifically, that of the colonocytes. In vivo research with human subjects in this area has been extremely limited because of the absence of a noninvasive means to quantitatively deliver test doses of nutrients, or their precursors, to the colon. The purpose of this study was to design and test the effectiveness of a pH-dependent coating in delivering intact placebo caplets to the large intestine. Barium sulphate caplet cores (19.1 mm x 9.7 mm) were coated with 2 different pH-dependent acrylic copolymer products, Eudragit L100 and S100, in either a 1:0 ratio (100% Eudragit L100) or 3:1 ratio (75% Eudragit L100 and 25% S100). The disintegration profile of each formulation was determined through in vitro testing, then caplets were sequentially administered to 10 healthy volunteers, and monitored in vivo via serial abdominal fluoroscopic images. Test caplets with the 3:1 coating formulation had a 40% higher colon-targeting specificity compared with the 1:0-coated caplets, and tended to begin disintegrating at a later time after administration (p = 0.09). The total time from administration to complete disintegration was also significantly longer for the 3:1-coated caplets (p = 0.003). These results suggest that barium sulphate caplets with a 3:1 acrylic copolymer coating formulation ratio (Eudragit L100 and S100) may be a suitable delivery system for quantifying the biosynthesis of nutrients in the human large intestine and measuring their absorption across the colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Aimone
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Moustafine RI, Salachova AR, Frolova ES, Kemenova VA, Van den Mooter G. Interpolyelectrolyte complexes of Eudragit® E PO with sodium alginate as potential carriers for colonic drug delivery: monitoring of structural transformation and composition changes during swellability and release evaluating. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:1439-51. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040902988574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Asghar LFA, Chandran S. Design and evaluation of matrices of Eudragit with polycarbophil and carbopol for colon-specific delivery. J Drug Target 2008; 16:741-57. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802473345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sinha VR, Bhinge JR, Kumria R, Kumar M. Development of Pulsatile Systems for Targeted Drug Delivery of Celecoxib for Prophylaxis of Colorectal Cancer. Drug Deliv 2008; 13:221-5. [PMID: 16556575 DOI: 10.1080/10717540500309180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to formulate fast release enteric-coated tablets for drug delivery to the colon. Two different approaches were used for the preparation of these tablets. The first included making use of superdisintegrant (SD) in the tablet. The amount of super disintegrant (cross-linked PVP) in the tablet and the coat weight were varied to formulate a suitable time-controlled release system, that would provide colon-specific drug delivery. The second approach consisted of development of osmogen-based tablets for drug delivery into the tracts of the colon. Two different osmogens, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, were used. These also were coated at different coat levels. Celecoxib was used as a model drug. In vitro drug release studies showed that superdisintegrants were more effective in showing burst effect in the tablets and therefore showed a rapid drug release as compared with osmogens, which would show a sustained drug release all through the colon. Osmotic tablets were formulated making use of a high concentration of osmogen sodium chloride (OM-SC) and potassium chloride (OM-KC) were further enteric-coated. These also were found to be useful in providing a sustained delivery of nearly 80-90% of the drug into the colonic region. The coat weight required in these tablets for protection in the upper gastrointestinal conditions varied from 9.69% in OM-KC tablets to 4.65% in OM-SC tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Sinha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Xu C, Zhang JS, Mo Y, Tan RX. Calcium Pectinate Capsules for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 31:127-34. [PMID: 15773280 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-200046990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The calcium pectinate (CaP) capsule, a novel, colon-specific delivery system, was designed and developed using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a model drug. Technically, CaP capsules were prepared by dipping a glass or stainless steel rod successively into pectin and calcium chloride solutions, followed by subsequent air-drying and coating. In vitro studies showed that the release of 5-FU from CaP capsules markedly increased in the presence of rat cecal contents, and the release characteristic was mainly associated with some capsule parameters such as calcium content, shell thickness, and coat amount. Gamma scintigraphic studies demonstrated that CaP capsules could pass through the stomach and small intestine intact and could release drug in colon. The 5-FU releasing characteristics acquired both from in vitro biomimic dissolution experiments and from healthy volunteers indicated that the newly developed CaP capsule possessed the ideal colon-specific drug delivery characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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34
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Obeidat WM, Abu Znait AH, Sallam ASA. Novel Combination of Anionic and Cationic Polymethacrylate Polymers for Sustained Release Tablet Preparation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:650-60. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040701836578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Yu DG, Zhu LM, Branford-White CJ, Yang XL. Three-Dimensional Printing in Pharmaceutics: Promises and Problems. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:3666-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tanno FK, Sakuma S, Masaoka Y, Kataoka M, Kozaki T, Kamaguchi R, Ikeda Y, Kokubo H, Yamashita S. Site‐Specific Drug Delivery to the Middle Region of the Small Intestine by Application of Enteric Coating with Hypromellose Acetate Succinate (HPMCAS). J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:2665-79. [PMID: 17828736 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enteric coatings that deliver drugs to specific regions of the small intestine were examined. Hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) with different values of succinoyl group contents was used. Decreasing the succinoyl group content resulted in an increase in the pH at which HPMCAS started to dissolve. Drug-containing granules with or without enteric coating were prepared and their in vitro dissolution in a simulated intestinal fluid of pH 6.8 was examined. Granules coated with HPMCAS having the succinoyl group content of 6.2% showed a lag time of about 30 min, although drug release from granules without coating was completed within 20 min. The time lag and dissolution rate were extended and reduced, respectively, as the succinoyl group content was decreased. Rat experiments indicated that enteric-coated granules disintegrated and the bulk of the drugs was immediately released when the granules reached a specific site of the small intestine where the pH corresponded to the pH at which the enteric coating agent started to dissolve. Similar results were observed in monkey experiments. It was suggested that HPMCAS with the succinoyl group content of about 5% was suitable as an enteric coating agent for delivering drugs to the middle-to-lower region of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumié K Tanno
- Specialty Chemicals Research Center, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co, Ltd, 28-1, Nishifukushima, Joetsu, Niigata, Japan
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Wei H, Qing D, De-Ying C, Bai X, Li-Fang F. In-vitro and in-vivo studies of pectin/ethylcellulosefilm-coated pellets of 5-fluorouracil for colonic targeting. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:35-44. [PMID: 18088503 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.1.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to define in-vitro and in-vivo characteristics of pectin/ethylcellulose-film-coated pellets of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for colonic targeting. The pellet cores were coated to different film thicknesses with three different pectin/ethylcellulose formulations using a fluidized bed coater. The gastrointestinal (GI) transit of coated pellets was determined by counting the percentage of coated pellets in the GI lumen by celiotomy at certain times after oral administration. 5FU was administered to rats at a dose of 15 mg kg(-1). The toxicity of 5-FU in the GI tract was evaluated using histological examination. The 1:2 ratio pectin:ethylcellulose-coated pellets with 30% total weight gain (TWG-30%) produced more satisfactory drug-release profiles in the simulated gastric, intestinal and colonic fluids. Most of the coated pellets were eliminated from the stomach in 2 h, moved into the small intestine after 2-4 h, and reached the large intestine after 4 h. After oral administration of coated pellets, 5-FU started appearing in the plasma at 7 h, and reached peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 3.21+/-2.01 microg mL(-1) at 16 h (Tmax); the Cmax for uncoated pellets was 22.21+/-2.60 microg mL(-1) at Tmax 0.75 h. The TWG-30% formulation showed delayed Tmax, decreased Cmax and prolonged mean residence time compared with uncoated pellets. Marked pathological features in the colon were seen in rats given coated pellets, but no injuries were observed in the upper GI tract. The formulation of TWG-30% could deliver 5-FU to the colon for local action.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei Medical University, 361, ZhongShan East Road, ShiJiaZhuang, 050017, P. R. China
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Nunthanid J, Huanbutta K, Luangtana-Anan M, Sriamornsak P, Limmatvapirat S, Puttipipatkhachorn S. Development of time-, pH-, and enzyme-controlled colonic drug delivery using spray-dried chitosan acetate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:253-9. [PMID: 17616377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A colonic drug delivery with a new concept based on a combination of time-, pH-, and enzyme-controlled system was developed. Spray-dried chitosan acetate (CSA) prepared from low molecular weight chitosan was characterized. A combination of CSA and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was used as new compression-coats for 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) tablets. Factors affecting in-vitro drug release, i.e. % weight ratio of coating polymers, enzyme activity, pH of media, and excipients in core tablets, were evaluated. The tablets compression-coated with HPMC:CSA at 60:40 and 50:50% weight ratio providing lag times about 5-6h were able to pass through the stomach (stage I, 0.1N HCl) and small intestine (stage II, pH 6.8, Tris-HCl). The delayed release was time- and pH-controlled owing to the swelling with gradual dissolving of CSA and HPMC in 0.1N HCl and the less solubility of CSA at higher pH. After reaching the colon (stage III, pH 5.0, acetate buffer), the dissolution of CSA at low pH triggered the drug release over 90% within 14h. Furthermore, the degradation of CSA by beta-glucosidase in the colonic fluid enhanced the drug release while adding the disintegrant or the osmotic agent in the core tablets would affect the drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurairat Nunthanid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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Roldo M, Barbu E, Brown JF, Laight DW, Smart JD, Tsibouklis J. Azo compounds in colon-specific drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007; 4:547-60. [PMID: 17880276 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.4.5.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Azo compounds have the potential to act as drug carriers that facilitate the selective release of therapeutic agents to the colon, and also to effect the oral administration of those macromolecular drugs that require colon-specific drug delivery. With some further research-driven refinements, these materials may lead to more efficient treatments for local conditions, such as colonic cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. This article provides an overview of the azo-based systems developed to date, identifies the requirements for an ideal carrier, and highlights the directions for further developments in the field of azo group-facilitated colonic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roldo
- University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
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Zema L, Maroni A, Foppoli A, Palugan L, Sangalli ME, Gazzaniga A. Different HPMC Viscosity Grades as Coating Agents for an Oral Time and/or Site‐Controlled Delivery System: An Investigation into the Mechanisms Governing Drug Release. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:1527-36. [PMID: 17094127 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When used as release-controlling coating agents for tableted core-based pulsatile delivery systems, three different hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) grades, Methocel E5, E50, and K4M, provided lag phases of varying duration (Methocel K4M > E50 > E5) and a prompt and quantitative model drug release. Dissolution/mechanical erosion, permeability increase and disruption of the hydrated polymeric layer were assumed to participate in the definition of the overall release pattern. Based on these premises, we investigated what process(es) might prevail in the release-controlling mechanism for each HPMC grade. The polymers were evaluated for dissolution and swelling, while the finished systems were concomitantly evaluated for drug release and polymer dissolution. The obtained results indicated likely similarities between Methocel E5 and E50 performances, which we hypothesized to be mainly dissolution/erosion-controlled, and a clearly different behavior for Methocel K4M. This polymer indeed proved to yield higher viscosity and slower dissolving gel layer, which was able to withstand extensive dissolution/erosion for periods that exceeded the observed lag phases. The particular characteristics of swollen Methocel K4M were shown to be associated with possible drug diffusion phenomena, which might impair the prompt and quantitative release phase that is typical of pulsatile delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zema
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, P. Pratesi Università degli Studi di Milano, V.le Abruzzi 42, I-20131 Milano, Italia
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Gazzaniga A, Maroni A, Sangalli ME, Zema L. Time-controlled oral delivery systems for colon targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2006; 3:583-97. [PMID: 16948555 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.3.5.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many research efforts have been spent in the achievement of selective delivery of drugs into the colon following oral administration. Indeed, colonic release is regarded as a beneficial approach to the pharmacological treatment or prevention of widespread large bowel pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease and adenocarcinoma. In addition, it is extensively explored as a potential means of enhancing the oral bioavailability of peptides, proteins and other biotechnological molecules, which are known to be less prone to enzymatic degradation in the large, rather than in the small, intestine. Based on these premises, several formulation strategies have been attempted in pursuit of colonic release, chiefly including microflora-, pH-, pressure- and time-dependent delivery technologies. In particular, this review is focused on the main design features and release performances of time-controlled devices, which rely on the relative constancy that is observed in the small intestinal transit time of dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzaniga
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica P. Pratesi, Università di Milano, V.le Abruzzi 42, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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Corá LA, Romeiro FG, Paixão FC, Américo MF, Oliveira RB, Baffa O, Miranda JRA. Enteric Coated Magnetic HPMC Capsules Evaluated in Human Gastrointestinal Tract by AC Biosusceptometry. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1809-16. [PMID: 16858651 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To employ the AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) technique to evaluate in vitro and in vivo characteristics of enteric coated magnetic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) capsules and to image the disintegration process. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPMC capsules filled with ferrite (MnFe2O4) and coated with Eudragit were evaluated using USP XXII method and administered to fasted volunteers. Single and multisensor ACB systems were used to characterize the gastrointestinal (GI) motility and to determine gastric residence time (GRT), small intestinal transit time (SITT) and orocaecal transit time (OCTT). Mean disintegration time (t50) was quantified from 50% increase of pixels in the imaging area. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo performance of the magnetic HPMC capsules as well as the disintegration process were monitored using ACB systems. The mean disintegration time (t50) calculated for in vitro was 25+/-5 min and for in vivo was 13+/-5 min. In vivo also were determined mean values for GRT (55+/-19 min), SITT (185+/-82 min) and OCTT (240+/-88 min). CONCLUSIONS AC Biosusceptometry is a non-invasive technique originally proposed to monitoring pharmaceutical dosage forms orally administered and to image the disintegration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Corá
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Distrito Rubião Jr, s/n, CXP 510, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Roldo M, Barbu E, Brown JF, Laight DW, Smart JD, Tsibouklis J. Orally administered, colon-specific mucoadhesive azopolymer particles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Anin vivo study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:706-15. [PMID: 16871516 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled congeners of a series of azopolymers have been synthesized and characterized. The in vivo (rat) gastrointestinal transit profile of millimeter-sized particles of these azopolymers has been determined and used to facilitate the selection of a candidate material for therapeutic applications. The efficacy of the selected material as a protective coating for the colonic mucosa has been tested in a hapten-reactivated, in vivo model of inflammatory bowel disease: 7 days after reactivation of the condition, the myeloperoxidase activity of animals that had received doses of the selected azopolymer was determined to be at the same level as that of healthy animals or that of the negative control group, highlighting the therapeutic promise of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
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Maroni A, Zema L, Cerea M, Sangalli ME. Oral pulsatile drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2005; 2:855-71. [PMID: 16296783 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2.5.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the field of modified release, there has been a growing interest in pulsatile delivery, which generally refers to the liberation of drugs following a programmable lag phase from the time of administration. In particular, the recent literature reports on a variety of pulsatile release systems intended for the oral route, which have been recognised as potentially beneficial to the chronotherapy of widespread diseases, such as bronchial asthma or angina pectoris, with mainly night or early morning symptoms. In addition, time-dependent colon delivery may also represent an appealing related application. The delayed liberation of orally administered drugs has been achieved through a range of formulation approaches, including single- or multiple-unit systems provided with release-controlling coatings, capsular devices and osmotic pumps. Based on these premises, the aim of this review is to outline the rational and prominent design strategies behind oral pulsatile delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maroni
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Milano, Italy
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47
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Abstract
Targeting drugs and delivery systems to the colonic region of the gastrointestinal tract has received considerable interest in recent years. Scientific endeavour in this area has been driven by the need to better treat local disorders of the colon such as inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), irritable bowel syndrome and carcinoma. The colon is also receiving significant attention as a portal for the entry of drugs into the systemic circulation. A variety of delivery strategies and systems have been proposed for colonic targeting. These generally rely on the exploitation of one or more of the following gastrointestinal features for their functionality: pH, transit time, pressure or microflora. Coated systems that utilise the pH differential in the gastrointestinal tract and prodrugs that rely on colonic bacteria for release have been commercialised. Both approaches have their own inherent limitations. Many systems in development have progressed no further than the bench, while others are expensive or complex to manufacture, or lack the desired site-specificity. The universal polysaccharide systems appear to be the most promising because of their practicality and exploitation of the most distinctive property of the colon, abundant microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul W Basit
- The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, England, UK.
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Sangalli ME, Maroni A, Foppoli A, Zema L, Giordano F, Gazzaniga A. Different HPMC viscosity grades as coating agents for an oral time and/or site-controlled delivery system: a study on process parameters and in vitro performances. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 22:469-76. [PMID: 15265517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently, delayed/pulsatile release and colon delivery represent topics of remarkable interest. The present paper deals with the study and development of an oral dosage form devised to release drugs following a programmed time period after administration or, when opportune design modifications are introduced, to target the colon. The system is composed of a drug-containing core and a hydrophilic swellable polymeric coating capable of delaying drug release through slow interaction with aqueous fluids. An optional external gastroresistant film is applied to overcome gastric emptying variability, thus allowing colon delivery to be pursued according to the time-dependent approach. The aim of this work was to evaluate different hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) viscosity grades as possible materials for the attainment of the system retarding hydrophilic layer. Both the relevant suitability for application onto tablet cores by aqueous spray-coating in fluid bed and capability of delaying drug release for a programmable period were explored and compared. Methocel E50 was found to afford the best balance among different important items, i.e. process time, retarding ability, dimensions of the coated units and possibility of finely tuning the delay duration. Further results pointed out the robustness of Methocel E50-based systems, which have shown to be practically unaffected by the concentration of the employed coating solution and the pH of the release medium, as well as only poorly influenced by ionic strength, at least with regard to values encompassed in the physiological range for gastrointestinal fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sangalli
- Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Milano, V.le Abruzzi 42, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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Liu ZL, Hu H, Zhuo RX. Konjac glucomannan-graft-acrylic acid hydrogels containing azo crosslinker for colon-specific delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Corá LA, Américo MF, Oliveira RB, Baffa O, Moraes R, Romeiro FG, Miranda JRA. Disintegration of magnetic tablets in human stomach evaluated by alternate current Biosusceptometry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2003; 56:413-20. [PMID: 14602185 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most convenient route for drug therapy. The knowledge of the gastrointestinal transit and specific site for drug delivery is a prerequisite for development of dosage forms. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that is possible to monitor the disintegration process of film-coated magnetic tablets by multi-sensor alternate current Biosusceptometry (ACB) in vivo and in vitro. This method is based on the recording of signals produced by the magnetic tablet using a seven sensors array and signal-processing techniques. The disintegration was confirmed by signals analysis in healthy human volunteers' measurements and in vitro experiments. Results showed that ACB is efficient to characterize the disintegration of dosage forms in the stomach, being a research tool for the development of new pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Corá
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil
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