1
|
Koekemoer LL, Hajkazemian M, Zawada JW, Mirzaie M, Dahan-Moss YL, Emami SN. Data-driven networking of global transcriptomics and male sexual development in the main malaria vector, Anopheles funestus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16798. [PMID: 37798302 PMCID: PMC10556010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deaths from malaria remain staggering despite global support that drives research into new territories. One major gap is our understanding of the sexual biological aspects of the male mosquito, which maintain the vector population solidity. Although Anopheles funestus s.s. is an extremely efficient African vector, little is known about the network between its sexual physiology and gene expression. The Culicidae male's sexual maturity involves a suite of physiological changes, such as genitalia rotation that is necessary for successful mating to occur. We show that mating success is guided by genes and physiological plasticity. Transcriptome analysis between newly emerged males (immature) versus males with rotating genitalia (maturing) provides insight into possible molecular mechanisms regulating male sexual behaviour. Putative transcripts that were associated with male sexual maturation were identified and validated. The discovery of the functions of these transcripts could lead to identifying potential targets for innovative vector control interventions, and mosquito population suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Koekemoer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - M Hajkazemian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J W Zawada
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Mirzaie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y L Dahan-Moss
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S N Emami
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Molecular Attraction AB, Elektravägen 10, Hägersten, 126 30, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Natural Resources Institute, FES, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pathour Rajendra S, Rani AT, Devi SR, Meshram NM. Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1822-1836. [PMID: 37639835 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) is an important lepidopteran pest of legumes in the tropics and subtropics. Here, we studied the ultrastructural organization of its antennal sense organs using scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of both sexes of M. vitrata were filiform with the number of flagellar segments varying from 72 to 84. Nine major morphological types of sensilla were observed on male and female antennae: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla basiconica (SB), sensilla auricillica (SA), sensilla chaetica (SCh), sensilla coeloconica (SCoe), sensilla cylindrica (SCy), sensilla squamiformia (SSq), sensilla styloconica (SSt), and Böhm sensilla (BS). Three of these sensilla types (SB, SSq, and BS) are newly reported for M. vitrata. Morphological observations revealed that four types are multiporous (ST, SB, SA, and SCoe), two types are uniporous (SCh and SCy), and three types are aporous (SSq, SSt, and BS). The average length of male ST was longer than that of the female. Sensilla cylindrica were observed only on male antennae, indicating sexual dimorphism. This study aims to provide some basic evidence for further studies on the mechanism of insect-plant chemical communication and future semiochemical-based management strategies of the major legume pest M. vitrata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Pathour Rajendra
- National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abalavadi Thammaiah Rani
- Entomology Laboratory, ICAR-IIHR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Kodagu, Karnataka 571248, India
| | - Salam Rita Devi
- Directorate of Environment and Climate Change, Government of Manipur, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Naresh Manohar Meshram
- Entomology, Division of Citrus Protection, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nonglait KCL, Das KS, Marwein CB, Kharthangmaw JM, Choudhury S. Scanning electron microscopy study of the antennal sensilla of cob borer, Stenachroia elongella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:556-564. [PMID: 36695569 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stenachroia elongella is an important pest of maize in Meghalaya, India. To understand the roles of sensory organs in the biological behaviors of this insect, we determined the structure and distribution of sensilla found on the antenna of both male and female S. elongella by scanning electron microscope. The antenna of both sexes is a filiform type, and the overall length of the female antenna is significantly longer than the male antenna. In both sexes, seven types and two subtypes of antennal sensilla are identified; sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica (I, II), sensilla squamiformia and Böhm sensilla. No sexual dimorphism on the specific occurrence of sensilla is observed. Probable functions are discussed based on their external morphology. These results would be helpful for further studies on TEM investigations, electrophysiological recordings, and behavioral studies. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Seven types and two subtypes of antennal sensilla were observed in both male and female Stenachroia elongella. Morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla were discussed. Sexual dimorphism was observed on the overall length of the antenna where the female antenna is longer than the male antenna. No sexual dimorphism was observed on specific occurrences of antennal sensilla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khirod Sankar Das
- Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Cynthia Bansara Marwein
- Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Joycy Mary Kharthangmaw
- Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Sudipta Choudhury
- Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo J, Du Z, Cui G, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhou X. Ultrastructure Characteristics and Sexual Dimorphism of Antennal Sensilla in Tirathaba rufivena (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13090797. [PMID: 36135498 PMCID: PMC9502414 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tirathaba rufivena Walker, a major insect pest of Areca catechu L., has severely threatened areca nut cultivation in Hainan, China. To improve our understanding of the communication mechanism in host plant seeking and mate-finding for T. rufivena, we described and further characterized the external morphology and internal sensilla structures using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in this study. The antennal morphology was similar between males and females, and there was no significant difference in length between the two sexes. In total, nine sensilla types were identified: sensilla trichodea (Str), sensilla chaetica (Sch), sensilla basiconica (Sba), sensilla auricillica (Sau), sensilla coeloconica (Sco), sensilla styloconica (Sst), Böhm sensilla (Bs), uniporous peg sensilla (Ups) and sensilla squamiformia (Ssq). Sexual dimorphism mainly occurs in variation in the length of Sba, Sch, Sco1 and Bs, and the abundance of Sba, Sau1 and Sau2. The Sba had larger size and numbers on female antennae than that on males, suggesting that these sensilla might have important roles in locating host plants. Both Sau1 and Sau2 were significantly more abundant in females and were probably associated with the detection of mates and host plant for oviposition. These data were important for ongoing studies on host plant seeking and mate-finding behavior in T. rufivena and provided a theoretical foundation to further studies of semiochemical control for this pest.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abalavadi Thammaiah R, Pathour S, Meshram N, Kammar V, Majumder S, Srivastava C, Pandey K, Singh J. Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1371-1391. [PMID: 34843138 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious polyphagous pest of various field and horticultural crops. A complete knowledge on the morphological features of antennal sensory structures is essential for efficient semiochemical-based control methods. The external structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in male and female adults of H. armigera were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Eight distinct morphological types of sensilla were identified in both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla (aporous) in varying numbers and distribution along the length of the antennae. Of these sensilla, the most widespread are sensilla trichodea and sensilla basiconica on the antennae of both sexes. Female antennae have comparatively greater number of sensilla trichodea than male antennae. Among eight types of sensilla, sensilla basiconica, auricillica, styloconica type II, squamiformia, and Böhm sensilla were identified and reported for the first time in H. armigera. Sexual dimorphism in H. armigera was mainly detected as the variations in sensilla shape, numbers, and distribution of each type of sensilla. The sexual difference was observed in the numbers of sensilla coeloconica, chaetica, styloconica, and squamiformia per flagellomere. The possible functions of these sensilla were discussed in view of previously reported lepidopteran insects. The findings provide fundamental information on the morphology and distribution of antennal sensory structures in H. armigera. It would be useful for further detailed studies on physiological and behavioral function of each sensillum type and helpful for formulating related pest control methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashank Pathour
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Meshram
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasudev Kammar
- Department of Entomology, GKVK, UAS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujan Majumder
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chitra Srivastava
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Koshlendra Pandey
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagdish Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu J, Deng C, Lu W, Wu S. Ultrastructure of Antennal Sensilla in Adults of Dioryctria rubella Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090821. [PMID: 34564262 PMCID: PMC8467556 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The pine shoot moth (Dioryctria rubella) is a major pest on pine trees in China. It damages the branches and cones of the trees. However, little is known about this pine pest. Identifying the olfactory receptors on its antennae is critical for controlling the moth. Therefore, we studied the different types of sensilla present on the antennae of the pine shoot moth and their morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the antennae of the moth were filiform. This form of antennae is common and can be divided into three parts: a basal scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum consisting of flagellomeres. As the sensilla play a vital role in the control of this pest, the research presented is a thorough inventory of sensilla on the antennae of the pine shoot moth. This information is important for further functional studies of the antennae of this pine pest. Abstract Antennal sensilla play an essential role in insect life because they receive environmental cues. Dioryctria rubella is an important pine pest in China, but information on the morphology and distribution of its sensilla is limited. To elucidate the mechanism of insect-plant chemical communication, we examined the insect antennae and sensilla by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the antennae of D. rubella were filiform and consisted of a basal scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum with tapered flagellomeres. We identified seven types of sensilla, including trichodea, coeloconica, auricillica, basiconica, styloconica (two subtypes), Böhm’s bristles, and squamiformia, all of which were distributed on the antennae of both sexes. Nevertheless, some sensilla exhibited various degrees of sexual dimorphism; for instance, sensilla trichodea, squamiformia, and basiconica were more abundant in males than in females. Many pores were observed on the surface of the cuticular wall in sensilla trichodea and auricillica, and their biological function may be related to olfaction. This study presented a thorough inventory of sensilla on the antennae of D. rubella and laid a solid foundation for future functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Caiping Deng
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- Forest Protection Station of Daxing District of Beijing City, Beijing 120600, China;
| | - Sanan Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu GL, Zhang CM, Wang ZQ, Chen QX, Lu JQ. Sensilla of the antenna and proboscis of Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Morphol 2021; 282:733-745. [PMID: 33644867 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sensory structures on the antennae and mouthparts of insects are associated with various activities, such as host location, feeding, attracting a mate, and identifying a suitable oviposition site. Athetis lepigone (Möschler) is an important polyphagous Eurasian pest with more than 30 species of host plants. The larvae target bud leaves, prop roots, and tender stems of many agricultural crops, but the feeding habits of the adults remain poorly known. Aiming to understand the feeding behavior of the species, we investigated the fine morphology of its antennae and proboscis using scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of both sexes are filiform, and bear eight types of sensilla: Böhm's bristles, sensilla squamiformia, trichodea, chaetica, basiconica, coeloconica, styloconica, and auricillica. Sensilla trichodea are the most abundant among these sensillum types. The proboscis consists of two elongated, interlocked maxillary galeae that enclose the food canal by dorsal and ventral legulae. The external galeal surface is covered with numerous triangular microtrichia on Zone 1 and abundant blunt microbumps on Zone 2. The surface of the food canal bears closely connected and smooth semicircular ridges, gradually tapering toward the proboscis tip. Three types of sensilla are noticeable on the proboscis: sensilla trichodea, basiconica, and styloconica. We briefly discuss the putative functional significance of the antennal and proboscis sensilla and, based on the specific structural modifications of the proboscis, predict a flower-visiting habit for A. lepigone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lin Hu
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Min Zhang
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Xiao Chen
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ji-Qi Lu
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Limberger GM, Brugnera R, Fonseca DBD. Antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of Ascia monuste (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Micron 2021; 142:103000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Lan L, Wang S, Hu K, Ma T, Wen X. Ultrastructure of Antennal Morphology and Sensilla of Teak Skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1274-1282. [PMID: 33050977 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The leaf skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a severe insect pest of teak trees (Tectona grandis L.f.) in China. To provide some basic evidence for future semiochemical-based management strategies of E. machaeralis, the morphology, ultrastructure, and distribution of antennal sensilla of adults were observed under scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The shape and structure of antenna were similar between males and females, both being filiform. However, the antennal length of males was significantly longer than that of females. Eight morphological sensilla types were observed in both sexes: Böhm's bristles, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla chaetica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica, and sensilla squamiformia. Significant sexual dimorphism of the sensilla dimensions was found, especially in sensillar length. The putative and potential functions of the different sensilla types are discussed based on the fine structures of the cuticular walls and dendrites of the different sensilla types. We expect these results to help lay a solid foundation for future functional research and develop further investigations of E. machaeralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laijiao Lan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Shengkun Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of CAF, Guangzhou510520, China
| | - Keyan Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Xiujun Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rani AT, Shashank PR, Meshram NM, Sagar D, Srivastava C, Pandey KK, Singh J. Morphological characterization of antennal sensilla of Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). Micron 2020; 140:102957. [PMID: 33120164 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is an important and most devastating insect pest on okra and cotton. The pest mainly responsible for causing significant direct damage to tender shoots and fruits of okra, flowers and green bolls of cotton causing net yield loss in both crops. Many non-chemical control strategies have been developed under the insect pest management program, A complete knowledge on the antennal morphology of E. vitella is essential for future electrophysiological and behavioural studies. In the present study, the antennal morphology and types of sensilla on the antennae of both sexes of E. vitella were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine distinct types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica (multiporous), sensilla chaetica, uniporous peg sensilla (uniporous), sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia and bohm bristles (aporous). Among all sensilla, the most widespread are multiporous sensilla trichodea with 42.90 ± 1.77/flagellomere in male and 37.38 ± 1.38/flagellomere in female. Sensilla basiconica were the second most common sensillum type in male antennae with 15.67 ± 1.92/flagellomere. Other multiporous sensilla such as auricillica (11.90 ± 0.99) and coeloconica (4.57 ± 0.25) were significantly more abundant in female than in male antennae. Results of the study provide morphological evidence that E. vitella antennae possess microscopic cuticular structures that can play a role in perception of pheromones, plant odours and other chemical stimulants. This will open up opportunities to assess the possibility of using pheromones and plant-derived compounds for the monitoring or management of E. vittella moths in the agricultural landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A T Rani
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - P R Shashank
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Naresh M Meshram
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D Sagar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Chitra Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - K K Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| | - Jagdish Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu F, Li F, Zhang S, Kong X, Zhang Z. Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of
Erannis ankeraria
Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1903-1910. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Xiangbo Kong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuvaraj JK, Andersson MN, Anderbrant O, Löfstedt C. Diversity of olfactory structures: A comparative study of antennal sensilla in Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Micron 2018; 111:9-18. [PMID: 29804006 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The antenna is the main sensory organ of insects, housing different types of sensilla dedicated to detect chemical cues, motion, humidity and temperature. Sensilla are divided into different types based on their wall structure and morphology. Among the olfactory sensilla, there is an enormous variation in the numbers and morphological types present in different insect taxa. The reasons for this variation remain obscure, though there may be a correlation between sensillum morphology and the characteristics of the stimulus that the olfactory sensory neurons inside the sensillum detect. Here, we report the first comparative analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of sensilla from Rhyacophila nubila (Rhyacophilidae: Trichoptera) and three species of Lepidoptera, Eriocrania semipurpurella (Eriocraniidae), Lampronia capitella (Prodoxidae), and Bicyclus anynana (Nymphalidae), which use different chemical types of pheromones. Our results, together with a thorough literature review, suggest a shift in major types of olfactory sensilla, from a high proportion of sensilla placodea or auricillica in Trichoptera and the most basal moth lineages (including Eriocraniidae), respectively, to sensilla trichodea in the more derived Lepidoptera (including Prodoxidae and the Ditrysia clade), which parallels the change in the types of sex pheromones used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roh GH, Park KC, Oh HW, Park CG. Species- and sex-specific distribution of antennal olfactory sensilla in two tortricid moths, Epiphyas postvittana and Planotortrix octo. Micron 2018; 106:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Yan XZ, Deng CP, Xie JX, Wu LJ, Sun XJ, Hao C. Distribution patterns and morphology of sensilla on the antennae of Plutella xylostella (L.)—A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. Micron 2017; 103:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Bawin T, Collard F, De Backer L, Yarou BB, Compère P, Francis F, Verheggen FJ. Structure and distribution of the sensilla on the antennae of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Micron 2017; 96:16-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Ma M, Chang MM, Lu Y, Lei CL, Yang FL. Ultrastructure of sensilla of antennae and ovipositor of Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and location of female sex pheromone gland. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40637. [PMID: 28094781 PMCID: PMC5240572 DOI: 10.1038/srep40637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is a serious pest of stored grains worldwide. Presently, the best effective control against the moth is to disrupt the sexual communication between sexes. Sexual communication in moths includes two processes in which females produce and release pheromones from the sex pheromone gland and males detect and respond to them with a relatively sophisticated olfactory system in their antennae. To better understand these processes, we studied the ultrastructure of antennal and ovipositor sensilla of S. cerealella and determined the location of the female sex pheromone gland. Seven types of antennal sensilla were identified on both sexes: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla squamiformia and Bӧhm bristles. Of these sensilla, the sensilla trichodea were significantly more abundant on male antennae than on those of females, suggesting that these sensilla may detect the sex pheromones. On the ovipositor, only sensilla chaetica of various lengths were found. The sexual gland was an eversible sac of glandular epithelium that was situated dorsally in the intersegmental membrane between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. These results will lead to a better understanding of mate finding with sex pheromones for this worldwide pest species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Chang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Liang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ranieri E, Ruschioni S, Riolo P, Isidoro N, Romani R. Fine structure of antennal sensilla of the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius L. (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). I. Chemoreceptors and thermo-/hygroreceptors. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2016; 45:432-439. [PMID: 27664780 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae), is a polyphagous species that transmits Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium associated with "Olive Quick Decline Syndrome" in Southern Italy. In this study, the morphology and the ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of P. spumarius were investigated. The antennae consist of three segments: a basal scape, a pedicel and a flagellum composed of a basal enlargement (ampulla) and a long segment (filament). The pedicel bears a single campaniform sensillum while the ampulla houses twelve coeloconic sensilla and three large basiconic sensilla. These latter sensilla show a smooth multiporous external cuticular wall and a total number of 27 sensory neurons per sensillum. The coeloconic sensilla belong to two morphologically distinct types: double-walled and single-walled sensilla. The sensory peg of the double-walled sensilla is smooth at the base and distally has a grooved cuticular surface with pores organized in spoke channels between each ridge. Three sensory neurons enter the lumen while at the basal level, before entering the peg, a fourth sensory neuron is found. The single-walled sensilla show an aporous thick cuticular wall and two sensory neurons entering the sensillar lumen, with a third neuron ending at the sensillum base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Ranieri
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari E Ambientali, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Sara Ruschioni
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari E Ambientali, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari E Ambientali, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Nunzio Isidoro
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari E Ambientali, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Roberto Romani
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari E Ambientali, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roh HS, Park KC, Oh HW, Park CG. Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of two tortricid moths,Cydia pomonellaandC. succedana(Lepidoptera). Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1069-1081. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sik Roh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program); Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Chung Park
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Hyun-Woo Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejun 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Gyoo Park
- Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Ren L, Zhang L, Luo Y. Ultrastructure of antennal and posterior abdominal sensilla in Chlorophorus caragana females. Micron 2015; 75:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
20
|
Ruschioni S, Riolo P, Verdolini E, Peri E, Guarino S, Colazza S, Romani R, Isidoro N. Fine Structure of Antennal Sensilla of Paysandisia archon and Electrophysiological Responses to Volatile Compounds Associated with Host Palms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124607. [PMID: 25905711 PMCID: PMC4408066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) is a serious pest of palm trees. A comprehensive knowledge of the insect olfactory system is essential for the development of efficient semiochemical-based control methods. The olfactory sensilla are located particularly on the antennae, and these can detect plant volatiles that provide important cues for the insects in the search for their host plants. To date, the fine structure of P. archon antennal sensilla studies and their role in host-plant perception have not been investigated in great detail. Using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the antennae of both sexes of P. archon are described here in detail, according to the different types, quantities and distributions of the sensilla. Six types of sensilla were identified. The most widespread are sensilla trichoidea, sensilla basiconica and sensilla auricilica, which are associated with olfactory function. These have cuticular shafts characterised by numerous pores, and they are innervated by two or three sensory neurons. Sensilla coeloconica, sensilla chaetica and sensilla ampullacea are associated with olfactory or olfactory-thermoreception, mechano-gustatory, and thermo-hygroreception functions, respectively. Moreover, the role of P. archon antennae in locating of the host palms was evaluated using electroantennograms, to monitor responses to ester and terpene compounds previously identified as volatiles of damaged/fermenting palm tissues. P. archon showed responses to all of the synthetic chemicals tested, with greater responses in the females, providing a significant sex*dose effect. Among the compounds tested, ethyl isobutyrate elicited the strongest antenna responses. The fine structure of the cuticular and cellular components of the P. archon antenna sensory equipment is described for the first time. The results of this study form an important starting point and complement physiological and behavioural studies, to provide valuable information of practical importance for the development of efficient semiochemical-based control methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ruschioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisa Verdolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ezio Peri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guarino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Colazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Romani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nunzio Isidoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiangqun Y, Ke G, Feng Y, Yalin Z. Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of four skipper butterflies in Parnara sp. and Pelopidas sp. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zookeys 2014:17-27. [PMID: 24843250 PMCID: PMC4023232 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.399.7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most species of Parnara and Pelopidas (Hesperiidae) are important pests of rice. In this study, the antennal morphology, types of sensilla, and their distribution of four skipper butterflies, including Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey), Pa. bada (Moore), Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius) and Pe. agna (Moore), were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Six distinct morphological types of sensilla were found on the antennae of all of these species: sensilla squamiformia, sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm sensilla. The sensilla trichodea are the most abundant sensilla among the four skipper butterflies, and the sensilla auricillica are confirmed on the antennae of butterflies for the second time. In addition, the possible functions of these sensilla are discussed in the light of previously reported lepidopteran insects, which may provide useful information for further study of the function of these antennal sensilla and for related pests control by applying sex pheromones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiangqun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gao Ke
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhang Yalin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang S, Zhang Z, Kong X, Wang H. Sexual dimorphism in antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure ofDendrolimus tabulaeformisTsai et Liu (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Microsc Res Tech 2012; 76:50-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang S, Zhang Z, Kong X, Wang H, Zhou G, Yu J. External morphology ofTrichogramma dendrolimimatsumura (hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) organ and ultrastructure of the sensilla. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1513-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
24
|
Hill SR, Zaspel J, Weller S, Hansson BS, Ignell R. To be or not to be… a vampire: a matter of sensillum numbers in Calyptra thalictri? ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2010; 39:322-333. [PMID: 20566317 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which blood feeding in insects has evolved are unclear, primarily because there has been no access to species in which there is a mixture of same-sex blood feeding and non-blood feeding individuals. The discovery of a subset of male Calyptra thalictri (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpini) that blood feed under constrained experimental conditions, while the majority of these males do not, provides a unique opportunity to investigate members of the same species for potential root mechanisms leading to the ability to blood feed. Previously, C. thalictri populations revealed no morphological differences in the classical structures used for species identification in individuals that took a blood meal compared with those that did not. We report a description of the antennal sensilla and their distribution in male C. thalictri and describe an antennal sensillum distribution dimorphism between individuals that took a blood meal under constrained experimental conditions and those that did not. The number of olfactory sensilla, primarily sensilla coeloconica but also sensilla auricillica, is reduced in C. thalictri males that took a blood meal compared with those that did not. The selectivity of sensilla coeloconica olfactory sensory neurons was investigated. The sensilla coeloconica demonstrated sensitivity to fifteen vertebrate-related volatiles, including ammonia. We propose that the reduction in olfactory sensilla sensitive to vertebrate-related compounds may be correlated to an increase in the likelihood of a male C. thalictri to take a blood meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Hill
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Romani R, Stacconi MVR, Riolo P, Isidoro N. The sensory structures of the antennal flagellum in Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae): a functional reduction? ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2009; 38:473-483. [PMID: 19682602 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite their relevance as harmful pests on plants of economic importance, Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha have been poorly studied as regards their antennal sensory structures. In particular, the flagellum has been neglected and, therefore, to date there are no data on its structural organization and sensory equipment. In order to fill this gap, we carried out a study on the sensillum types and distribution on the flagellum of the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, an efficient vector of the stolbur phytoplasma, the cause of various crop diseases. In this cixiid species the antenna is composed of three segments, the scape, an enlarged pedicel and a long flagellum. This latter is made of a single segment and presents a basal, bulb-like enlargement from which two processes arise, a short spur and a long arista. Combining scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam investigations, we discovered the presence of a total number of 6 sensilla, belonging to 4 different types: a single scolopidium extending from the bulb to the arista, three sensilla styloconica within the cuticular spur and two different sensilla coeloconica inside the bulb. As far as structural data can suggest, these sensilla might be involved in the perception of mechanical stimuli (possibly air-borne vibrations), temperature and humidity variations and CO(2) concentration. The strong reduction in sensillum number in this species is discussed as possible functional specialization of the flagellum itself. The ultrastructure of the sensilla in the flagellum of a species of Fulgoromorpha is here presented for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Perugia University, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kristoffersen L, Hallberg E, Wallén R, Anderbrant O. Sparse sensillar array on Trioza apicalis (Homoptera, Triozidae) antennae-an adaptation to high stimulus levels? ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2006; 35:85-92. [PMID: 18089061 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the morphological basis for olfactory reception in the carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) we used scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Our study reveals a very sparse sensillar setup. We identify and describe several different types of single-walled sensilla likely to have an olfactory function, as well as mechanosensory hairs and intracuticular sensilla. A T. apicalis antenna is about 0.6 mm long and has 10 segments. Apically on the flagellum there are two conspicuous multi-porous single-walled bristles. There are six cuticular cavities on the flagellum; two smaller on the apical flagellomere, and four larger located on the lateral side of the antenna on flagellomeres 2, 4, 6 and 7. Each cavity contains two sensilla and there are three varieties of cavity sensilla. Mechano- and chemosensory hairs appear in low numbers on all segments but the third. Carrot psyllids most likely use olfactory cues to locate their rather strongly smelling host plants, and we argue that the low number of olfactory sensilla found in this insect may accommodate high concentrations of odour stimuli. There is no sexual dimorphism in the sensillar setup. In concordance with this, no sex pheromones have been described in the Psylloidea so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Kristoffersen
- Department of Ecology, Chemical Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ansebo L, Ignell R, Löfqvist J, Hansson BS. Responses to sex pheromone and plant odours by olfactory receptor neurons housed in sensilla auricillica of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:1066-74. [PMID: 15964591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antennal olfactory receptor neurons located in a limited number of two types of sensilla auricillica, the rabbit-eared shoehorn and the regular shoehorn, located on the 5-30 flagellomere of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, antenna were screened for selectivity to 11 plant compounds, the major sex pheromone component, three minor pheromone components and one behavioural antagonist. Both types of sensilla housed at least three neurons characterised by different action potential amplitudes. Neurons in both males and females responded to the plant compounds, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, (+/-)-linalool, (E)-ss-farnesene, hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,(E)7-nonatriene, nonanol, the major pheromone component codlemone [(E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol] and the minor pheromone component tetradecanol. Additionally, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene and (Z)-3-hexenol elicited responses specifically in female neurons, whereas (E,E)-farnesol elicited a specific response in a male neuron. Neurons responded to 1-3 odorants, with sometimes overlapping response spectra. A scanning electron microscopic study of the antennae of both sexes supported an earlier study, apart from that long s. trichodea were present in a wreath at the proximal margin of the flagellomere and in addition evenly distributed over the remaining surface, and a previously non-described sensillum type with external basiconic features was revealed, distributed on the proximal and medial region of the flagellomeres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ansebo
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Crop Science, SLU, P.O. Box 44, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Larsson MC, Hallberg E, Kozlov MV, Francke W, Hansson BS, Löfstedt C. Specialized olfactory receptor neurons mediating intra- and interspecific chemical communication in leafminer moths Eriocrania spp.(Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae). J Exp Biol 2002; 205:989-98. [PMID: 11916994 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205.7.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
We performed a physiological and morphological characterization of sensilla auricillica in male Eriocrania semipurpurella moths. Each auricillic sensillum contained three olfactory receptor neurons. Responding neurons (87 of 139) could be grouped into five physiological types. Type 1 responded to(R,Z)-6-nonen-2-ol and type 2 to its enantiomer(S,Z)-6-nonen-2-ol, both of which are pheromone components of E. semipurpurella. Type 3 responded to both (R)-heptan-2-ol and(R,Z)-4-hepten-2-ol, which are pheromone components of the sympatric species E. cicatricella. Types 4 and 5 responded to the ketones(Z)-6-nonen-2-one and/or nonan-2-one, which are found in the pheromone glands of female E. semipurpurella.
Field-trapping showed that type 3 receptor neurons mediate strongly antagonistic effects of (R)-heptan-2-ol and(R,Z)-4-hepten-2-ol on E. semipurpurella, while nonan-2-one should possibly be included as a synergist in the sex pheromone blend of this species. The attraction of E. cicatricella and E. sparrmannella to compounds mixed with the pheromone blend of E. semipurpurella shows that the pheromone components of E. semipurpurella have little or no antagonistic effects on these species.
The morphology and physiology of eriocraniid pheromone sensilla are very similar to those found in the order Trichoptera (caddisflies), suggesting a homology between pheromone detection systems in the two sister orders Lepidoptera and Trichoptera.
Collapse
|