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Wańczura P, Aebisher D, Iwański MA, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The Essence of Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Health and Diseases Treated by Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:961. [PMID: 38790923 PMCID: PMC11117957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids, together with lipoprotein particles, are the cause of atherosclerosis, which is a pathology of the cardiovascular system. In addition, it affects inflammatory processes and affects the vessels and heart. In pharmaceutical answer to this, statins are considered a first-stage treatment method to block cholesterol synthesis. Many times, additional drugs are also used with this method to lower lipid concentrations in order to achieve certain values of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a new cancer treatment have gained the therapy much attention as a minimally invasive and highly selective method. Photodynamic therapy has been proven more effective than chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy alone in numerous studies. Consequently, photodynamic therapy research has expanded in many fields of medicine due to its increased therapeutic effects and reduced side effects. Currently, PDT is the most commonly used therapy for treating age-related macular degeneration, as well as inflammatory diseases, and skin infections. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against a number of pathogens has also been demonstrated in various studies. Also, PDT has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hyperplasia of the arterial intima. This review evaluates the effectiveness and usefulness of photodynamic therapy in cardiovascular diseases. According to the analysis, photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for treating cardiovascular diseases and may lead to new clinical trials and management standards. Our review addresses the used therapeutic strategies and also describes new therapeutic strategies to reduce the cardiovascular burden that is induced by lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wańczura
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mateusz A Iwański
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Jansen I, Cahalane R, Hengst R, Akyildiz A, Farrell E, Gijsen F, Aikawa E, van der Heiden K, Wissing T. The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:193-213. [PMID: 38329498 PMCID: PMC11008085 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence, the rupture of the plaque cap is a mechanical event, which occurs when the local stress exceeds the local tissue strength. However, due to inter- and intra-cap heterogeneity, the resulting ultimate cap strength varies, causing proper assessment of the plaque at risk of rupture to be lacking. Important players involved in tissue strength include the load-bearing collagenous matrix, macrophages, as major promoters of extracellular matrix degradation, and microcalcifications, deposits that can exacerbate local stress, increasing tissue propensity for rupture. This review summarizes the role of these components individually in tissue mechanics, along with the interplay between them. We argue that to be able to improve risk assessment, a better understanding of the effect of these individual components, as well as their reciprocal relationships on cap mechanics, is required. Finally, we discuss potential future steps, including a holistic multidisciplinary approach, multifactorial 3D in vitro model systems, and advancements in imaging techniques. The obtained knowledge will ultimately serve as input to help diagnose, prevent, and treat atherosclerotic cap rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cahalane
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group (MMDRG), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranmadusha Hengst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, Zhang A, Wei L, Ren K, Wang Q, Shao B, Zhao C, Ren Z, Bai J, Cao N. A high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2258228. [PMID: 37724554 PMCID: PMC10512768 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2258228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to further assess whether the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is independently associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. METHODS From January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014, patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the Blood Purification Center of the General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command were retrospectively selected. A total of 303 MHD patients were enrolled in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For each patient, the endpoint of follow-up was either death or December 31, 2021. The primary endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular death. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to detect the predictive ability of PLR, and the optimal critical value of PLR was determined to be 107.57. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of PLR. We used the same method to evaluate the correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the prognosis of MHD patients. RESULTS At the end of follow-up, 128 MHD patients had progressed to all-cause death, and 73 MHD patients had progressed to cardiovascular death. In multivariate Cox regression, both the high PLR group and the high NLR group were independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 2.608, 95% CI 1.579-4.306, p < .001 vs. HR 1.634, 95% CI 1.023-2.610, p = .04). Only high PLR expression was associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.379, 95% CI 1.646-6.936, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS High PLR levels can independently predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaiming Ren
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Ren
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiuxu Bai
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Park JY, Park HM, Kim S, Jeon KB, Lim CM, Hong JT, Yoon DY. Human IL-32θA94V mutant attenuates monocyte-endothelial adhesion by suppressing the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via binding to cell surface receptor integrin αVβ3 and αVβ6 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160301. [PMID: 37228610 PMCID: PMC10203490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32), first reported in 2005, and its isoforms have been the subject of numerous studies investigating their functions in virus infection, cancer, and inflammation. IL-32θ, one of the IL-32 isoforms, has been shown to modulate cancer development and inflammatory responses. A recent study identified an IL-32θ mutant with a cytosine to thymine replacement at position 281 in breast cancer tissues. It means that alanine was also replaced to valine at position 94 in amino acid sequence (A94V). In this study, we investigated the cell surface receptors of IL-32θA94V and evaluated their effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Recombinant human IL-32θA94V was expressed, isolated, and purified using Ni-NTA and IL-32 mAb (KU32-52)-coupled agarose columns. We observed that IL-32θA94V could bind to the integrins αVβ3 and αVβ6, suggesting that integrins act as cell surface receptors for IL-32θA94V. IL-32θA94V significantly attenuated monocyte-endothelial adhesion by inhibiting the expression of Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated HUVECs. IL-32θA94V also reduced the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) by inhibiting phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Additionally, IL-32θA94V regulated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1), which are involved in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Monocyte-endothelial adhesion mediated by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 is an important early step in atherosclerosis, which is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Our findings suggest that IL-32θA94V binds to the cell surface receptors, integrins αVβ3 and αVβ6, and attenuates monocyte-endothelial adhesion by suppressing the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. These results demonstrate that IL-32θA94V can act as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in a chronic inflammatory disease such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhwa Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Bae Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu M, Liu S, Zhu X, Sun Y, Su L, Yu H, Liu D, Li Y, Du Y, Liu R, Sun K. Tanshinone IIA-Loaded Micelles Functionalized with Rosmarinic Acid: A Novel Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Strategy for Treatment of Atherosclerosis. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2827-2838. [PMID: 35580692 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) and tanshinone IIA (TA) which are effective components in Salvia miltiorrhiza show anti-inflammatory potential against atherosclerosis. Based on polysulfated propylene-polyethylene glycol (PPS-PEG), RA was grafted onto this polymer via amide bonds to form a micelle carrier for TA encapsulation: PPS-PEG-RA@TA. A potent inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced proliferation of endothelial cells with significant intracellular uptake was observed with this system. This could have been the result of release of TA in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) environment and stronger antioxidant effect of RA. The synergistic effect was optimized when the combination was used in a molar ratio of 1:1. Mechanistic studies showed that, compared with PPS-PEG-RA and TA+RA, PPS-PEG-RA@TA micelles could more effectively regulate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway to reduce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), inhibit the inflammatory cascade and reduce endothelial-cell injury. One month after intravenous injection of PPS-PEG-RA@TA micelles, the plaque area in murine aortic vessels was reduced significantly, and serious toxic side-effects were not observed in vivo, along with excellent biocompatibility. In summary, PPS-PEG-RA@TA micelles could achieve synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Xiaosu Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yiying Sun
- Shandong International Biotechnology Park Development Co.,Ltd, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Linyu Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Hairong Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Deshuai Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, PR China
| | - Yuan Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Rongxia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
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Taylor HA, Przemylska L, Clavane EM, Meakin PJ. BACE1: More than just a β-secretase. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13430. [PMID: 35119166 PMCID: PMC9286785 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) research has historically focused on its actions as the β-secretase responsible for the production of β-amyloid beta, observed in Alzheimer's disease. Although the greatest expression of BACE1 is found in the brain, BACE1 mRNA and protein is also found in many cell types including pancreatic β-cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and vascular cells. Pathologically elevated BACE1 expression in these cells has been implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we examine key questions surrounding the BACE1 literature, including how is BACE1 regulated and how dysregulation may occur in disease, and understand how BACE1 regulates metabolism via cleavage of a myriad of substrates. The phenotype of the BACE1 knockout mice models, including reduced weight gain, increased energy expenditure, and enhanced leptin signaling, proposes a physiological role of BACE1 in regulating energy metabolism and homeostasis. Taken together with the weight loss observed with BACE1 inhibitors in clinical trials, these data highlight a novel role for BACE1 in regulation of metabolic physiology. Finally, this review aims to examine the possibility that BACE1 inhibitors could provide a innovative treatment for obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Taylor
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lena Przemylska
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eva M Clavane
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Meng Q, Ma M, Zhang W, Bi Y, Cheng P, Yu X, Fu Y, Chao Y, Ji T, Li J, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Li Y, Shan J, Bian H. The gut microbiota during the progression of atherosclerosis in the perimenopausal period shows specific compositional changes and significant correlations with circulating lipid metabolites. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-27. [PMID: 33691599 PMCID: PMC7954427 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1880220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is exacerbated in the perimenopausal period, which significantly increases the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease. The disruption of the gut microbiota has been associated with AS or menopause, but the specific changes of AS-associated gut microbiota in the perimenopausal period remain largely unknown. As lipid abnormalities are mainly responsible for AS, the relationship between lipid metabolism abnormalities and gut microbiota disruptions during menopause is rarely reported hitherto. In the present study, ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) were subjected to ovariectomy and supplemented with estrogen. The ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice underwent significant AS damage, hepatic lipid damage, hyperlipidemia, and changes of lipid metabolism- and transport-related enzymes. There was significantly higher abundance of some lipid metabolites in the plasma of ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice than in non-ovariectomized ones, including cholesterol esters, triglycerides, phospholipids, and other types of lipids (free fatty acids, acylcarnitine, sphingomyelins, and ceramides). The administration of estrogen significantly reduced the contents of most lipid metabolites. The diversity and composition of gut microbiota evidently changed in ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice, compared to HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice without ovariectomy. In contrast, with estrogen supplementation, the diversity and composition of gut microbiota were restored to approach that of non-ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice, and the relative abundances of some bacteria were even like those of C57BL/6 mice fed with a normal diet. On the other hand, the transplantation of feces from C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet to ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice was sufficient to correct the hyperlipidemia and AS damage, and to reverse the characteristics changing of lipid metabolomics in ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. These phenomena were also been observed after transplantation of feces from estrogen-treated ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice to ovariectomized HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Moreover, the gut microbiota and lipid metabolites were significantly correlated, demonstrating that the changes of serum lipids may be associated with the gut microbiota disruptions in the perimenopausal period. In conclusion, the gut microbiota during the progression of AS in the perimenopausal period showed specific compositional changes and significant correlations with circulating lipid metabolites. Estrogen supplementation may exert beneficial effects on gut bacteria and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhui Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xichao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,CONTACT Huimin Bian School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing320561, China; Jinjun Shan First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
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Lee SJ, Im DS. GPR55 Antagonist CID16020046 Protects against Atherosclerosis Development in Mice by Inhibiting Monocyte Adhesion and Mac-1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313084. [PMID: 34884889 PMCID: PMC8658038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR55 recognizes several lipid molecules such as lysophosphatidylinositol. GPR55 expression was reported in human monocytes. However, its role in monocyte adhesion and atherosclerosis development has not been studied. The role of GPR55 in monocyte adhesion and atherosclerosis development was investigated in human THP-1 monocytes and ApoE-/- mice using O-1602 (a potent agonist of GPR55) and CID16020046 (a specific GPR55 antagonist). O-1602 treatment significantly increased monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the O-1602-induced adhesion was inhibited by treatment with CID16020046. O-1602 induced the expression of Mac-1 adhesion molecules, whereas CID16020046 inhibited this induction. Analysis of the promoter region of Mac-1 elucidated the binding sites of AP-1 and NF-κB between nucleotides -750 and -503 as GPR55 responsive elements. O-1602 induction of Mac-1 was found to be dependent on the signaling components of GPR55, that is, Gq protein, Ca2+, CaMKK, and PI3K. In Apo-/- mice, administration of CID16020046 ameliorated high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis development. These results suggest that high-fat diet-induced GPR55 activation leads to the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells via induction of Mac-1, and CID16020046 blockage of GPR55 could suppress monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells through suppression of Mac-1 expression, leading to protection against the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- East West Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-7399; Fax: +82-2-961-9580
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9
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Lin CH, Li HY, Wang SH, Chen YH, Chen YC, Wu HT. Consumption of Non-Nutritive Sweetener, Acesulfame Potassium Exacerbates Atherosclerosis through Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism in ApoE -/- Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113984. [PMID: 34836239 PMCID: PMC8618357 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, and non-nutritive sweetener, such as acesulfame potassium (AceK) has been used to combat obesity. However, the effects of AceK on cardiovascular disease are still unclear. In this study, high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed ApoE-/- mice had dysregulated plasma lipid profile, and developed atherosclerosis, determined by atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta. Supplement of AceK in HCD worsened the dyslipidemia and increased atherosclerotic plaque, as compared with HCD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Since treatment of AceK in RAW264.7 macrophages showed no significant effects on inflammatory cytokine expressions, we then investigated the impacts of AceK on lipid metabolism. We found that AceK consumption enhanced hepatic lipogenesis and decreased β-oxidation in ApoE-/- mice. In addition, AceK directly increased lipogenesis and decreased β-oxidation in HepG2 cells. Taken together, a concurrent consumption of AceK exacerbated HCD-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-/- mice, and AceK might increase the risk of atherosclerosis under HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Lin
- Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Yue-Hwa Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5205); Fax: +886-6-2353660
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De Negri Atanasio G, Ferrari PF, Campardelli R, Perego P, Palombo D. Innovative nanotools for vascular drug delivery: the atherosclerosis case study. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8558-8568. [PMID: 34609399 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the Western world. Among them, atherosclerosis represents one of the most common diseases in the modern society due to a common sedentary lifestyle, high-fat diet, and smoking. In the near future, a new approach could potentially improve the therapy of vascular pathologies, where to date the non-specific treatments present several limitations, such as poor biodistribution, quick elimination from the body, and undesired side-effects. In this field, nanotechnology has a great potential for the therapy and diagnosis of atherosclerosis with more and more recent and innovative publications. This review is a critical analysis of the results reported in the literature regarding the different and possible new approaches for the therapy and diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia De Negri Atanasio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, via Leon Battista Alberti, 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Ferrari
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Campardelli
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy. .,Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity, University of Genoa, via Montallegro, 1, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,Research Center for Biologically Inspired Engineering in Vascular Medicine and Longevity, University of Genoa, via Montallegro, 1, 16145 Genoa, Italy.,Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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11
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Gasparyan VK, Mikaelyan MV, Poghosyan GG. Antibodies to oxidized lipoproteins in human normal plasma, detection and analysis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:761-767. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1765796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Rubin LH, Xu Y, Norris PJ, Wang X, Dastgheyb R, Fitzgerald KC, Keating SM, Kaplan RC, Maki PM, Anastos K, Springer G, Benning L, Kassaye S, Gustafson DR, Valcour VG, Williams DW. Early Inflammatory Signatures Predict Subsequent Cognition in Long-Term Virally Suppressed Women With HIV. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 32390808 PMCID: PMC7193823 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologic function is an important determinant of cognition. Here we examined the contribution of early immune signatures to cognitive performance among HIV-infected, virally suppressed women (HIV+VS) and in HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women. Specifically, we measured serum inflammatory markers, developed combinatory immune signatures, and evaluated their associations with cognition. Forty-nine HIV+VS women in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who achieved viral suppression shortly after effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and 56 matched HIV− women were selected. Forty-two serum inflammatory markers were measured within 2 years of effective ART initiation for HIV+VS women, and at an initial timepoint for HIV− women. The same inflammatory markers were also measured approximately 1, 7, and 12 years later for all women. Of the 105 women with complete immune data, 83 (34 HIV+VS, 49 HIV−) also had cognitive data available 12 years later at ≥1 time points (median = 3.1). We searched for combinatory immune signatures by adapting a dynamic matrix factorization analytic method that builds upon Tucker decomposition followed by Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis to facilitate data interpretation. Seven combinatory immune signatures emerged based on the Frobenius residual. Three signatures were common between HIV+VS and HIV− women, while four signatures were unique. These inflammatory signatures predicted subsequent cognitive performance in both groups using mixed-effects modeling, but more domain-specific associations were significant in HIV+VS than HIV− women. Leukocyte influx into brain was a major contributor to cognitive function in HIV+VS women, while T cell exhaustion, inflammatory response indicative of depressive/psychiatric disorders, microglial activity, and cytokine signaling predicted both global and domain-specific performance for HIV− women. Our findings suggest that immune signatures may be useful diagnostic, prognostic, and immunotherapeutic targets predictive of subsequent cognitive performance. Importantly, they also provide insight into common and distinct inflammatory mechanisms underlying cognition in HIV− and HIV+VS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah H Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yanxun Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Philip J Norris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vitalant Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xuzhi Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raha Dastgheyb
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Sheila M Keating
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vitalant Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Gayle Springer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lorie Benning
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Victor G Valcour
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Yasukochi Y, Sakuma J, Takeuchi I, Kato K, Oguri M, Fujimaki T, Horibe H, Yamada Y. Six novel susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction identified by longitudinal exome-wide association studies in a Japanese population. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:123-134. [PMID: 29963304 PMCID: PMC6020445 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebral infarction (CI) remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified various genetic variants associated with these diseases. However, these studies were commonly conducted in a cross-sectional manner. Therefore, the present research performed longitudinal exome-wide association studies for CAD and CI using data on ~244,000 genotyped variants and the clinical data of 6,026 Japanese individuals who had attended annual health checkups for several years (mean followed-up period, 5±3 years). Following quality controls, the significance [false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05] of association of the diseases with 24,651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5,989 individuals for three inheritance models was tested using the generalized estimating equation model. SNPs that reached statistical significance were further screened against a threshold of approxdf (a scale of small effective sample size) of >30. The longitudinal exome-wide association studies revealed that three SNPs [rs4606855 of ADGRE3 (P=2.5×10-6; FDR=0.031; approxdf=71), rs3746414 of ZFP64 (P=5.9×10-6; FDR=0.048; approxdf=93) and rs7132908 of FAIM2 (P<2.0×10-16; FDR<4.9×10-12; approxdf=65)] were significantly associated with the prevalence of CAD. A different set of three SNPs [rs6580741 of FAM186A (P<2.0×10-16; FDR<4.9×10-12; approxdf=48), rs1324015 of LINC00400 (P<2.0×10-16; FDR<4.9×10-12; approxdf=49) and rs884205 of TNFRSF11A (P<2.0×10-16; FDR<4.9×10-12; approxdf=32)] was significantly associated with CI. The comparison of disease incidence with these SNPs demonstrated that all the minor alleles were associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD or CI. In conclusion, six novel SNPs were identified as susceptibility loci for CAD (rs4606855 of ADGRE3, rs3746414 of ZFP64, and rs7132908 of FAIM2) or CI (rs6580741 of FAM186A, rs1324015 of LINC00400, and rs884205 of TNFRSF11A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Yasukochi
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jun Sakuma
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Computer Science Department, College of Information Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.,Department of Computer Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kato
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Meitoh Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 465-0025, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Oguri
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi 486-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fujimaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Inabe General Hospital, Inabe, Mie 511-0428, Japan
| | - Hideki Horibe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi, Gifu 507-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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14
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Kohn JC, Azar J, Seta F, Reinhart-King CA. High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Subendothelial Matrix Stiffening is Mitigated by Exercise. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2018; 9:84-93. [PMID: 29159794 PMCID: PMC5797500 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-017-0335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat, high-sugar diet and sedentary lifestyle are correlated with bulk arterial stiffening. While measurements of bulk arterial stiffening are used to assess cardiovascular health clinically, they cannot account for changes to the tissue occurring on the cellular scale. The compliance of the subendothelial matrix in the intima mediates vascular permeability, an initiating step in atherosclerosis. High-fat, high-sugar diet consumption and a sedentary lifestyle both cause micro-scale subendothelial matrix stiffening, but the impact of these factors in concert remains unknown. In this study, mice on a high-fat, high-sugar diet were treated with aerobic exercise or returned to a normal diet. We measured bulk arterial stiffness through pulse wave velocity and subendothelial matrix stiffness ex vivo through atomic force microscopy. Our data indicate that while diet reversal mitigates high-fat, high-sugar diet-induced macro- and micro-scale stiffening, exercise only significantly decreases micro-scale stiffness and not macro-scale stiffness, during the time-scale studied. These data underscore the need for both healthy diet and exercise to maintain vascular health. These data also indicate that exercise may serve as a key lifestyle modification to partially reverse the deleterious impacts of high-fat, high-sugar diet consumption, even while macro-scale stiffness indicators do not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Kohn
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Julian Azar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 351631, USA.
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15
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Higher circulating levels of chemokines CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 in patients with ischemic heart disease. Cytokine 2016; 83:147-157. [PMID: 27152707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of leukocytes is one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chemokines play an important role in the migration of these cells into the inflammation sites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 levels and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4508917, rs6749704 and rs4359426 in chemokine genes in patients with IHD to clarify any association. A total of 300 patients with IHD as having acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=100), stable angina (SA; n=100) or unstable angina (UA; n=100) and 100 healthy subjects as a control group were enrolled to study. Serum samples from all participants were tested for the CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 levels by using ELISA. The SNPs were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The mean serum concentrations of CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 in AMI patients (395.97±21.20Pg/mL, 108.38±10.31Pg/mL and 1852.58±205.77Pg/mL), SA patients (405.48±27.36Pg/mL, 90.20±7.69Pg/mL and 2322.04±231.23Pg/mL) and UA patients (396.69±22.79Pg/mL, 141.87±18.10Pg/mL and 2754.89±211.70Pg/mL) were significantly higher than in the healthy group (179.38±8.85Pg/mL, 51.92±4.62Pg/mL and 451.82±23.76Pg/mL, respectively; P<0.001). Similarly, the serum levels of CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 in total IHD patients (399.38±13.77Pg/mL, 113.49±7.48Pg/mL and 2309.84±126.39Pg/mL, respectively) were also significantly higher as compared with healthy subjects (P<0.001). The serum levels of CCL20 and CCL22 in UA patients were significantly higher than those in SA and AMI patients, respectively (P<0.01 and P<0.003, respectively). The serum levels of CXCL10 and CCL20 in diabetic patients were significantly higher in comparison to non-diabetic patients (P<0.05 and P<0.02, respectively). The serum levels of CCL22 in dyslipidemic- and obese patients were also significantly higher in comparison with non-dyslipidemic- and non-obese patients, correspondingly (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). There were no significant differences between men and women or between patients who treated with statin, aspirin, β-blockers or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and patients without mentioned treatment regarding the levels of chemokines. The frequency of the GG genotype at SNP rs4508917 in CXCL10 gene was higher, whereas the frequency of the AA genotype at SNP rs4359426 in CCL22 gene was lower in total patients with IHD as compared with healthy subjects (P<0.04 and P<0.002, respectively). These results showed that the higher levels of CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 were associated with IHD. The serum levels of chemokines may influence by the certain traditional risk factors of IHD and some studied SNPs, but did not influence by treatment and gender of patients.
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16
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Zaguri R, Verbovetski I, Atallah M, Trahtemberg U, Krispin A, Nahari E, Leitersdorf E, Mevorach D. 'Danger' effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL on human immature dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:543-52. [PMID: 17645766 PMCID: PMC2219334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) maturation may accelerate autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis seen in these patients. The immune system responds to both exogenous and endogenous 'dangerous' signals that can induce dendritic cell maturation. We have found that autologous plasma contains danger signals that induce up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and co-stimulatory molecules in immature DCs (iDCs). The objective of this study was to determine whether low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and/or oxidized LDL (oxLDL) constitute danger signals, and to assess the effect of exposure to LDL and oxLDL following monocyte differentiation into iDCs in lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS). IDCs were generated in the presence of autologous plasma or LPDS. Expression of maturation and migration molecules was evaluated using flow cytometry, and morphology was assessed by light microscopy. Pro- or anti-apoptotic effect was determined using annexin V and propidium iodide binding. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was evaluated using autologous plasma or LPDS. LDL and oxLDL were clearly able to slightly up-regulate levels of HLA-DR and co-stimulatory molecule CD86. High oxLDL concentrations (50-100 microg/ml) were associated with expression of additional maturation molecules. Moreover, iDCs that were prepared in LPDS showed partial maturation following exposure to LDL and oxLDL, and improved tolerogenic apoptotic cell uptake. This study suggests that oxLDL, and to some extent LDL, are at least partly responsible for the iDC 'danger' response induced by autologous plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zaguri
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Chuang KP, Huang YF, Hsu YL, Liu HS, Chen HC, Shieh CC. Ligation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 on monocytes decreases very late antigen-4-mediated adhesion through a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Blood 2004; 104:4046-53. [PMID: 15308572 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMonocyte-endothelial adhesion plays an important role in monocyte trafficking and hence is important for immune responses and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. The cross-talk between different integrins on monocytes may be crucial for a coordinated regulation of the cellular adhesion during the complex process of transendothelial migration. By using monoclonal antibodies and recombinant intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) to engage lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on monocytic cells, we found that the cellular adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) mediated by very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) was suppressed after this treatment and the suppression depended on the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Inhibition of production of ROSs through the use of inhibitor of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, but not inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport chain or xanthine oxidase, revealed that this suppression on VLA-4-mediated cellular binding was mediated by ROSs produced by phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Activation of phosphoinositol-3 kinase and Akt appears to mediate this NADPH oxidase activation through p47phox phosphorylation and Rac-1 activation. Our results provide a novel pathway in which ROSs play a critical role in integrin cross-talk in monocytes. This signaling pathway may be important for cellular transition from firm arrest to diapedesis during monocyte trafficking. (Blood. 2004;104:4046-4053)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng-Kung University Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Rd, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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18
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Hartman ME, O'Connor JC, Godbout JP, Minor KD, Mazzocco VR, Freund GG. Insulin receptor substrate-2-dependent interleukin-4 signaling in macrophages is impaired in two models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:28045-50. [PMID: 15123681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that hyperinsulinemia inhibits interferon-alpha-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-induced serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1. Here we report that chronic insulin and high glucose synergistically inhibit interleukin (IL)-4-dependent activation of PI3-kinase in macrophages via the mTOR pathway. Resident peritoneal macrophages (PerMPhis) from diabetic (db/db) mice showed a 44% reduction in IRS-2-associated PI3-kinase activity stimulated by IL-4 compared with PerMPhis from heterozygote (db/+) control mice. IRS-2 from db/db mouse PerMPhis also showed a 78% increase in Ser/Thr-Pro motif phosphorylation without a difference in IRS-2 mass. To investigate the mechanism of this PI3-kinase inhibition, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-matured U937 cells were treated chronically with insulin (1 nm, 18 h) and high glucose (4.5 g/liter, 48 h). In these cells, IL-4-stimulated IRS-2-associated PI3-kinase activity was reduced by 37.5%. Importantly, chronic insulin or high glucose alone did not impact IL-4-activated IRS-2-associated PI3-kinase. Chronic insulin + high glucose did reduce IL-4-dependent IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and p85 association by 54 and 37%, respectively, but did not effect IL-4-activated JAK/STAT signaling. When IRS-2 Ser/Thr-Pro motif phosphorylation was examined, chronic insulin + high glucose resulted in a 92% increase in IRS-2 Ser/Thr-Pro motif phosphorylation without a change in IRS-2 mass. Pretreatment of matured U937 cells with rapamycin blocked chronic insulin + high glucose-dependent IRS-2 Ser/Thr-Pro motif phosphorylation and restored IL-4-dependent IRS-2-associated PI3-kinase activity. Taken together these results indicate that IRS-2-dependent IL-4 signaling in macrophages is impaired in models of type 2 diabetes mellitus through a mechanism that relies on insulin/glucose-dependent Ser/Thr-Pro motif serine phosphorylation mediated by the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Hartman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 South Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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19
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Schäfer A, Schulz C, Eigenthaler M, Fraccarollo D, Kobsar A, Gawaz M, Ertl G, Walter U, Bauersachs J. Novel role of the membrane-bound chemokine fractalkine in platelet activation and adhesion. Blood 2004; 103:407-12. [PMID: 12969973 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines released by the endothelium have proaggregatory properties on platelets. Fractalkine, a recently discovered membrane-bound chemokine with a transmembrane domain, is expressed in vascular injury; however, the effects of fractalkine on platelets have not yet been investigated. Blood was taken from healthy Wistar-Kyoto rats and the expression of the fractalkine receptor on platelets was demonstrated. The modulation of surface expression of P-selectin was assessed by flow cytometry. P-selectin expression was significantly enhanced by in vitro stimulation with recombinant rat fractalkine compared with baseline levels. Selectively inhibiting the function of recombinant fractalkine by an antagonizing antibody or the disruption of the G-protein-coupled intracellular signaling cascade of the fractalkine receptor by pertussis toxin (PTX) completely prevented fractalkine-mediated platelet activation. Preincubation with apyrase significantly attenuated the fractalkine-induced degranulation. In a flow chamber model of platelet adhesion, stimulation with fractalkine significantly enhanced platelet adhesion to collagen and fibrinogen. Similar to P-selectin expression, enhanced adhesion could be prevented by the antagonizing antibody or preincubation of platelets with PTX. Fractalkine, which is overexpressed in atherosclerosis and vascular injury, contributes to platelet activation and adhesion and hence is likely to play a pathophysiologically important role for increased thrombogenesis in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schäfer
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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20
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Chemokine-mediated recruitment of inflammatory and smooth muscle cells in transplant-associated arteriosclerosis. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00075200-200303000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Cotter R, Williams C, Ryan L, Erichsen D, Lopez A, Peng H, Zheng J. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and brain inflammation: Implications for HIV-1-associated dementia. J Neurovirol 2002; 8:585-98. [PMID: 12476352 DOI: 10.1080/13550280290100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte migration and activation play an important role in immune surveillance and the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated dementia (HAD). A novel chemokine named fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1), which exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble isoforms, has been proposed to participate in the generation and progression of inflammatory brain disorders. Upon binding to the CX3C receptor one (CX3CR1), FKN induces adhesion, chemoattraction, and activation of leukocytes, including brain macrophages and microglia (MP). Constitutively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), mainly by neurons, FKN is up-regulated and released in response to proinflammatory stimuli. Importantly, FKN is up-regulated in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HAD patients. Together, these observations suggest that FKN and its receptor have a unique role in regulating the neuroinflammatory events underlying disease. This review will examine how FKN contributes to the recruitment and activation of CX3CR1-expressing MP, which are critical events in the neuropathogenesis of HAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cotter
- The Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, the Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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