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Montelongo C, Mores CR, Putonti C, Wolfe AJ, Abouelfetouh A. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Clinical Isolates from Egypt. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0241321. [PMID: 35727037 PMCID: PMC9431571 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02413-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus are a global concern. This is true in the Middle East, where increasingly resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains have been detected. While extensive surveys have revealed the prevalence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant staphylococci in Europe, Asia, and North America, the population structure of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci recovered from patients and clinical settings in Egypt remains uncharacterized. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 56 S. aureus and 10 S. haemolyticus isolates from Alexandria Main University Hospital; 46 of the S. aureus genomes and all 10 of the S. haemolyticus genomes carry mecA, which confers methicillin resistance. Supplemented with additional publicly available genomes from the other parts of the Middle East (34 S. aureus and 6 S. haemolyticus), we present the largest genomic study to date of staphylococcal isolates from the Middle East. These genomes include 20 S. aureus multilocus sequence types (MLST), including 3 new ones. They also include 9 S. haemolyticus MLSTs, including 1 new one. Phylogenomic analyses of each species' core genome largely mirrored those of the MLSTs, irrespective of geographical origin. The hospital-acquired spa t037/ST239-SCCmec III/MLST CC8 clone represented the largest clade, comprising 22% of the S. aureus isolates. Like S. aureus genome surveys of other regions, these isolates from the Middle East have an open pangenome, a strong indicator of gene exchange of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes with other reservoirs. Our genome analyses will inform antibiotic stewardship and infection control plans in the Middle East. IMPORTANCE Staphylococci are understudied despite their prevalence within the Middle East. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic to hospitals in Egypt, as are other antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus and S. haemolyticus. To provide insight into the strains circulating in Egypt, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 56 S. aureus and 10 S. haemolyticus isolates from Alexandria Main University Hospital. Through analysis of these genomes, as well as all available S. aureus and S. haemolyticus genomes from the Middle East (n = 40), we were able to produce a picture of the diversity in this region more complete than those afforded by traditional molecular typing strategies. For example, we identified 4 new MLSTs. Most strains harbored genes associated with multidrug resistance, toxin production, biofilm formation, and immune evasion. These data provide invaluable insight for future antibiotic stewardship and infection control within the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Montelongo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Carine R. Mores
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
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Shen P, Lin H, Bao Y, Hong H, Wu Z. Synthesis and immunological study of a glycosylated wall teichoic acid-based vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Loftus MJ, Young-Sharma TE, Wati S, Badoordeen GZ, Blakeway LV, Byers SM, Cheng AC, Jenney AW, Naidu R, Prasad A, Prasad V, Tudravu L, Vakatawa T, van Gorp E, Wisniewski JA, Rafai E, Stewardson AJ, Peleg AY. Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in a tertiary hospital in Fiji: A prospective cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH - WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 22:100438. [PMID: 35373162 PMCID: PMC8969155 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Baz AA, Bakhiet EK, Abdul-Raouf U, Abdelkhalek A. Prevalence of enterotoxin genes (SEA to SEE) and antibacterial resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens in Assiut city of Egypt. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Infections in communities and hospitals are mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of five genes (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and SEE) encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins in S. aureus isolates from various clinical specimens, as well as to assess the relationship of these isolates with antibiotic susceptibility. Traditional PCR was used to detect enterotoxin genes, and the ability of isolates expressing these genes was determined using Q.RT-PCR.
Results
Overall; 61.3% (n = 46) of the samples were positive for S. aureus out of 75 clinical specimens, including urine, abscess, wounds, and nasal swabs. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance showed S. aureus isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin (100%), Cefuroxime (94%), Ceftriaxone (89%), Ciprofloxacin (87%), Erythromycin and Ceftaxime (85%), Cephalexin and Clarithromycin (83%), Cefaclor (81%), Gentamicin (74%), Ofloxacin (72%), Chloramphenicol(59%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (54%), while all isolates sensitive to Imipinem (100%). By employing specific PCR, about 39.1% of isolates were harbored enterotoxin genes, enterotoxin A was the most predominant toxin in 32.6% of isolates, enterotoxin B with 4.3% of isolates and enterotoxin A and B were detected jointly in 2.1% of isolates, while enterotoxin C, D and E weren’t detected in any isolate.
Conclusion
This study revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus among clinical specimens. The isolates were also multidrug resistant to several tested antibiotics. Enterotoxin A was the most prevalent gene among isolates. The presence of antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin genes may facilitate the spread of S. aureus strains and pose a potential threat to public health.
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Kolla HB, Tirumalasetty C, Sreerama K, Ayyagari VS. An immunoinformatics approach for the design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting super antigen TSST-1 of Staphylococcus aureus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:69. [PMID: 33974183 PMCID: PMC8112219 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background TSST-1 is a secretory and pyrogenic superantigen that is being responsible for staphylococcal mediated food poisoning and associated clinical manifestations. It is one of the main targets for the construction of vaccine candidates against Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the vaccines have met failure due to adverse reactions and toxicity reported during late clinical studies. To overcome this, an immunoinformatics approach is being used in the present study for the design of a multi-epitope vaccine to circumvent the problems related to toxicity and allergenicity. Results In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus targeting TSST-1 was designed through an immunoinformatics approach. B cell and T cell epitopes were predicted in silico and mapped with linkers to avoid junctional immunogenicity and to ensure the efficient presentation of exposed epitopes through HLA. β-defensin and PADRE were adjusted at the N-terminal end of the final vaccine as adjuvants. Physiochemical parameters, antigenicity, and allergenicity of the vaccine construct were determined with the help of online servers. The three-dimensional structure of the vaccine protein was predicted and validated with various tools. The affinity of the vaccine with TLR-3 was studied through molecular docking studies and the interactions of two proteins were visualized using LigPlot+. The vaccine was successfully cloned in silico into pET-28a (+) for efficient expression in E. coli K12 system. Population coverage analysis had shown that the vaccine construct can cover 83.15% of the global population. Immune simulation studies showed an increase in the antibody levels, IL-2, IFN-γ, TGF-β, B cell, and T cell populations and induced primary, secondary, and tertiary immune responses. Conclusion Multi-epitope vaccine designed through a computational approach is a non-allergic and non-toxic antigen. Preliminary in silico reports have shown that this vaccine could elicit both B cell and T cell responses in the host as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Babu Kolla
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India
| | - Chakradhar Tirumalasetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India
| | - Krupanidhi Sreerama
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India
| | - Vijaya Sai Ayyagari
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India.
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The First Report of a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Harboring Type IV SCC mec in Thailand. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040430. [PMID: 33916527 PMCID: PMC8066656 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mostly found in Thailand in the hospital as a nosocomial pathogen. This study aimed to report the genetic characterization of a clinical community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolate collected from hospitalized patients in Thailand. Among 26 MRSA isolates, S. aureus no. S17 preliminarily displayed the presence of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV pattern. The bacterial genomic DNA was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) production, virulence toxins, and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing were performed. The strain was matched by sequence to MLST type 2885 and spa type t13880. This strain carried type IV SCCmec with no PVL production. Five acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, namely blaZ, mecA, Inu(A), tet(K), and dfrG conferring resistance to β-lactams, lincosamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, were identified. The detected toxins were exfoliative toxin A, gamma-hemolysin, leukocidin D, and leukocidin E. Moreover, there were differences in seven regions in CR-MRSA no. S17 compared to CA-MRSA type 300. In summary, we have reported the ST2885-SCCmec IV CA-MRSA clinical strain in Thailand for the first time, highlighting the problem of methicillin resistance in community settings and the consideration in choosing appropriate antibiotic therapy.
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Mohamed SA, Samir TM, Helmy OM, Elhosseiny NM, Ali AA, El-Kholy AA, Attia AS. A Novel Surface-Exposed Polypeptide Is Successfully Employed as a Target for Developing a Prototype One-Step Immunochromatographic Strip for Specific and Sensitive Direct Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Neonatal Sepsis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1580. [PMID: 33233724 PMCID: PMC7699858 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition and Staphylococcus aureus is one of its major causes. However, to date, no rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool has been developed for its direct detection. Bioinformatics analyses identified a surface-exposed 112-amino acid polypeptide of the cell wall protein NWMN_1649, a surface protein involved in cell aggregation and biofilm formation, as being a species-specific and highly conserved moiety. The polypeptide was cloned, purified, and used to immunize mice to raise specific immunoglobulins. The purified antibodies were conjugated to gold nano-particles and used to assemble an immunochromatographic strip (ICS). The developed prototype ICS detected as low as 5 µg purified polypeptide and 102 CFU/mL S. aureus within 15 min. The strip showed superior ability to directly detect S. aureus in neonatal sepsis blood specimens without prior sample processing. Moreover, it showed no cross-reaction in specimens infected with two other major causes of neonatal sepsis; coagulase-negative staphylococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The selected NWMN_1649-derived polypeptide demonstrates success as a promising biomolecule upon which a prototype ICS has been developed. This ICS provides a rapid, direct, sensitive, and specific option for the detection of S. aureus causing neonatal sepsis. Such a tool is urgently needed especially in resources-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Tamer M. Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Omneya M. Helmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Noha M. Elhosseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Aliaa A. Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Amani A. El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed S. Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (O.M.H.); (N.M.E.)
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8
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Kwiecinski JM, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: pathogenesis and regulatory mechanisms. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 53:51-60. [PMID: 32172183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that normally colonizes the human anterior nares. At the same time, this pathogen is one of the leading causes of life-threatening bloodstream infections, such as sepsis and endocarditis. In this review we will present the current understanding of the pathogenesis of these invasive infections, focusing on the mechanisms of S. aureus clearance from the bloodstream by the immune system, and how this pathogen hijacks the host defense and coagulation systems and further interacts with the blood vessel endothelium. Additionally, we will delve into the regulatory mechanisms S. aureus employs during an invasive infection. These new insights into host-pathogen interactions show promising avenues for the development of novel therapies for treating bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub M Kwiecinski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, USA.
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Nam LV, Quyet D, Hung PN, Tien TV, Thanh KC, Dung QA, Linh DD, Tan HT, Bac ND, Dinh TC, Pho DC. Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Methicillin-Resistant Encoding Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infection Patients in Northern Vietnam. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:4406-4410. [PMID: 32215103 PMCID: PMC7084013 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes is essential in the clinical management of bloodstream infections (BSIs). Nevertheless, there are still limited studies in Northern Vietnam. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) AIM: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and methicillin-resistant encoding genes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causing BSIs in Northern Vietnam. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was done from December 2012 to June 2014 in two tertiary hospitals in Northern Vietnam. Tests performed at the lab of the hospital. RESULTS: In 43 S. aureus strains isolating, 53.5 % were MRSA. Distribution of gene for overall, MRSA, and MSSA strains were following mecA gene (58.1 %; 95.7%, and 15%), femA gene (48.8%, 47.8%, and 50%), femB gene (88.4%, 82.6%, and 95%). Antibiotic resistance was highest in penicillin (100%), followed by erythromycin (65.1%) and clindamycin (60.5%). Several antibiotics were susceptible (100%), including vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin. Quinolone group was highly sensitive, include ciprofloxacin (83.7%), levofloxacin (86%) and moxifloxacin (86%). CONCLUSION: In S. aureus causing BSIs, antibiotic resistance was higher in penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. All strains were utterly susceptible to vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Van Nam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Quyet
- Director of Vietnam Military Medical University, Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc Hung
- Department of Epidemiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Training, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Viet Tien
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kieu Chi Thanh
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quan Anh Dung
- Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Dieu Linh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hai Phong Medical University, 72A Nguyen Binh Khiem, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Ha The Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duy Bac
- Department of Training, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thien Chu Dinh
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Cong Pho
- Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Healthy Adults Is more Common in Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal than Those Resettled in Ohio. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5739247. [PMID: 31355270 PMCID: PMC6634125 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5739247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have shown that human migration is one of the risk factors for the spread of drug-resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), surveillance studies examining MRSA among refugee populations in the US are lacking. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and molecular characteristics of S. aureus among Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal and resettled in Northeast Ohio (NEO). One hundred adult Bhutanese refugees from each geographic location were enrolled between August 2015 and January 2016. The participants were interviewed to collect demographic information and potential risk factors for carriage. Nasal and throat swabs were collected for bacterial isolation. All S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing and tested for the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and mecA genes; selected isolates were tested by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 66.0% and 44.0% in NEO and Nepal, respectively. In Nepal, 5.8% (3/52) of isolates were MRSA and 1.1% (1/88) in NEO. Twenty-one isolates in NEO (23.9%) were multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA), while 23 (44.2%) in Nepal were MDRSA. In NEO, 41 spa types were detected from 88 S. aureus isolates. In Nepal, 32 spa types were detected from 52 S. aureus isolates. spa types t1818 and t345 were most common in NEO and Nepal, respectively. The overall prevalence of PVL-positive isolates among S. aureus in Nepal and NEO was 25.0% and 10.2%. ST5 was the most common sequence type in both locations. Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal and resettled in NEO had high prevalence of S. aureus and MDRSA. The findings suggest a potential need for CA-MRSA surveillance among the immigrant population in the U S and among people living in Nepal, and a potential need to devise appropriate public health measures to mitigate the risk imposed by community-associated strains of S. aureus and MRSA.
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Rhodes J, Jorakate P, Makprasert S, Sangwichian O, Kaewpan A, Akarachotpong T, Srisaengchai P, Thamthitiwat S, Khemla S, Yuenprakhon S, Paveenkittiporn W, Kerdsin A, Whistler T, Baggett HC, Gregory CJ. Population-based bloodstream infection surveillance in rural Thailand, 2007-2014. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:521. [PMID: 32326935 PMCID: PMC6696817 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infection (BSI) surveillance is essential to characterize the public health threat of bacteremia. We summarize BSI epidemiology in rural Thailand over an eight year period. Methods Population-based surveillance captured clinically indicated blood cultures and associated antimicrobial susceptibility results performed in all 20 hospitals in Nakhon Phanom (NP) and Sa Kaeo (SK) provinces. BSIs were classified as community-onset (CO) when positive cultures were obtained ≤2 days after hospital admission and hospital-onset (HO) thereafter. Hospitalization denominator data were available for incidence estimates for 2009–2014. Results From 2007 to 2014 a total of 11,166 BSIs were identified from 134,441 blood cultures. Annual CO BSI incidence ranged between 89.2 and 123.5 cases per 100,000 persons in SK and NP until 2011. Afterwards, CO incidence remained stable in SK and increased in NP, reaching 155.7 in 2013. Increases in CO BSI incidence over time were limited to persons aged ≥50 years. Ten pathogens, in rank order, accounted for > 65% of CO BSIs in both provinces, all age-groups, and all years: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella non-typhi spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. HO BSI incidence increased in NP from 0.58 cases per 1000 hospitalizations in 2009 to 0.91 in 2014, but were higher (ranging from 1.9 to 2.3) in SK throughout the study period. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production among E. coli isolates and multi-drug resistance among Acinetobacter spp. isolates was common (> 25% of isolates), especially among HO cases (> 50% of isolates), and became more common over time, while methicillin-resistance among S. aureus isolates (10%) showed no clear trend. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were documented in 2011–2014. Conclusions Population-based surveillance documented CO BSI incidence estimates higher than previously reported from Thailand and the region, with temporal increases seen in older populations. The most commonly observed pathogens including resistance profiles were similar to leading pathogens and resistance profiles worldwide, thus; prevention strategies with demonstrated success elsewhere may prove effective in Thailand. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6775-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rhodes
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
| | - Possawat Jorakate
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Makprasert
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ornuma Sangwichian
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Anek Kaewpan
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Thantapat Akarachotpong
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Prasong Srisaengchai
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Somsak Thamthitiwat
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Wantana Paveenkittiporn
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.,Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand
| | - Toni Whistler
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.,Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry C Baggett
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.,Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher J Gregory
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.,Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Laman M, Greenhill A, Coombs GW, Robinson O, Pearson J, Davis TME, Manning L. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Papua New Guinea: a community nasal colonization prevalence study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:360-362. [PMID: 29237065 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few epidemiological data available to inform a national response to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey to determine the pattern of MRSA nasal colonization and the diversity of circulating MRSA clones among adults and adolescents in Madang Province, PNG. Results S. aureus nasal colonization was confirmed in 44 (17.1%) of 257 participants. Four (9.1%) isolates were methicillin resistant. Resistance to other antimicrobial agents was uncommon. Detailed molecular typing of three MRSA isolates demonstrated multiple MRSA clones in this community, of which two carried the Panton-Valentin leukocidin-associated virulence genes. Conclusions MRSA is likely to account for a clinically important proportion of staphylococcal disease in PNG. There are multiple MRSA clones in PNG. Ongoing surveillance of community and invasive isolates is a critical component of an effective response to the challenge of community-acquired MRSA in this and many other resource-limited contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Research Institute, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Greenhill
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.,School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Owen Robinson
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Pearson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Research Institute, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laurens Manning
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Research Institute, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization, Evolution, and Epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00020-18. [PMID: 30209034 PMCID: PMC6148192 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00020-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, has a collection of virulence factors and the ability to acquire resistance to most antibiotics. This ability is further augmented by constant emergence of new clones, making S. aureus a "superbug." Clinical use of methicillin has led to the appearance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The past few decades have witnessed the existence of new MRSA clones. Unlike traditional MRSA residing in hospitals, the new clones can invade community settings and infect people without predisposing risk factors. This evolution continues with the buildup of the MRSA reservoir in companion and food animals. This review focuses on imparting a better understanding of MRSA evolution and its molecular characterization and epidemiology. We first describe the origin of MRSA, with emphasis on the diverse nature of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). mecA and its new homologues (mecB, mecC, and mecD), SCCmec types (13 SCCmec types have been discovered to date), and their classification criteria are discussed. The review then describes various typing methods applied to study the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary nature of MRSA. Starting with the historical methods and continuing to the advanced whole-genome approaches, typing of collections of MRSA has shed light on the origin, spread, and evolutionary pathways of MRSA clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahreena Lakhundi
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Calgary Laboratory Services/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Calgary Laboratory Services/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Zellweger RM, Basnyat B, Shrestha P, Prajapati KG, Dongol S, Sharma PK, Koirala S, Darton TC, Boinett C, Thompson CN, Thwaites GE, Baker S, Karkey A. Changing Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Kathmandu, Nepal: A 23-Year Retrospective Analysis of Bacteraemia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:262. [PMID: 30283784 PMCID: PMC6156253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive longitudinal understanding of the changing epidemiology of the agents causing bacteraemia and their AMR profiles in key locations is crucial for assessing the progression and magnitude of the global AMR crisis. We performed a retrospective analysis of routine microbiological data from April 1992 to December 2014, studying the time trends of non-Salmonella associated bacteraemia at a single Kathmandu healthcare facility. The distribution of aetiological agents, their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the hospital ward of isolation were assessed. Two hundred twenty-four thousand seven hundred forty-one blood cultures were performed over the study period, of which, 30,353 (13.5%) exhibited growth for non-contaminant bacteria. We observed a significant increasing trend in the proportion of MDR non-Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001), other Gram-negative organisms (p = 0.006), and Gram-positive organisms (p = 0.006) over time. Additionally, there was an annual increasing trend in the proportion of MDR organisms in bacteria-positive blood cultures originating from patients attending the emergency ward (p = 0.006) and the outpatient department (p = 0.006). This unique dataset demonstrates that community acquired non-Salmonella bacteraemia has become an increasingly important cause of hospital admission in Kathmandu. An increasing burden of bacteraemia associated with MDR organisms in the community underscores the need for preventing the circulation of MDR bacteria within the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël M Zellweger
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership, Centre for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Poojan Shrestha
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Sabina Dongol
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Paban K Sharma
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Samir Koirala
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Thomas C Darton
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Sheffield teaching hospitals NHS trust foundation and the University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Boinett
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Corinne N Thompson
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abhilasha Karkey
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership, Centre for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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Lim WW, Wu P, Bond HS, Wong JY, Ni K, Seto WH, Jit M, Cowling BJ. Determinants of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence in the Asia-Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 16:17-27. [PMID: 30145271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Published literature on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Asia-Pacific region was reviewed to document the prevalence of MRSA in the region and to examine the impact of variability in study design on the reported MRSA prevalence data. METHODS This review included studies reporting MRSA prevalence between 2000 and 2016. Studies were excluded if they did not contain complete information on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods. Primary outcomes were the proportion of MRSA among S. aureus isolates (resistance proportion) or among individual samples (prevalence). RESULTS A total of 229 studies in 19 countries/territories were included in the study. There was substantial heterogeneity in both outcomes (resistance proportion, I2=99.59%; prevalence, I2=99.83%), precluding pooled averages, and meta-regression analyses revealed that these variations were explained by country income status and participant characteristics but not by methodological differences in AST. Also, no significant secular changes in MRSA prevalence or resistance proportions in Asia-Pacific were found. CONCLUSION The resistance proportions and prevalence of MRSA infections in Asia-Pacific are comparable with those reported in other regions with no significant secular changes in the past decade. Country income status and characteristics of the sample population explained more variation in the reported resistance proportions and prevalence of MRSA than methodological differences in AST across locations in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wey Wen Lim
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peng Wu
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Helen S Bond
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jessica Y Wong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kaiwen Ni
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Hong Seto
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark Jit
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Jaganath D, Jorakate P, Makprasert S, Sangwichian O, Akarachotpong T, Thamthitiwat S, Khemla S, DeFries T, Baggett HC, Whistler T, Gregory CJ, Rhodes J. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Incidence and Methicillin Resistance in Rural Thailand, 2006-2014. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:155-163. [PMID: 29761760 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bloodstream infection and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a growing threat worldwide. We evaluated the incidence rate of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) and MRSA from population-based surveillance in all hospitals from two Thai provinces. Infections were classified as community-onset (CO) when blood cultures were obtained ≤ 2 days after hospital admission and as hospital-onset (HO) thereafter. The incidence rate of HO-SAB could only be calculated for 2009-2014 when hospitalization denominator data were available. Among 147,524 blood cultures, 919 SAB cases were identified. Community-onset S. aureus bacteremia incidence rate doubled from 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3-5.8) in 2006 to 9.3 per 100,000 persons per year (95% CI: 7.6-11.2) in 2014. The highest CO-SAB incidence rate was among adults aged 50 years and older. Children less than 5 years old had the next highest incidence rate, with most cases occurring among neonates. During 2009-2014, there were 89 HO-SAB cases at a rate of 0.13 per 1,000 hospitalizations per year (95% CI: 0.10-0.16). Overall, MRSA prevalence among SAB cases was 10% (90/911) and constituted 7% (55/736) of CO-SAB and 20% (22/111) of HO-SAB without a clear temporal trend in incidence rate. In conclusion, CO-SAB incidence rate has increased, whereas MRSA incidence rate remained stable. The increasing CO-SAB incidence rate, especially the burden on older adults and neonates, underscores the importance of strong SAB surveillance to identify and respond to changes in bacteremia trends and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Jaganath
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Possawat Jorakate
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Makprasert
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ornuma Sangwichian
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Thantapat Akarachotpong
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Somsak Thamthitiwat
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Triveni DeFries
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Henry C Baggett
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Toni Whistler
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Christopher J Gregory
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Julia Rhodes
- Global Disease Detection Center, Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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17
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da Silveira M, da Cunha MDLRDS, de Souza CSM, Correa AAF, Fortaleza CMCB. Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among elderly living in nursing homes in Brazil: risk factors and molecular epidemiology. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:18. [PMID: 29728115 PMCID: PMC5934845 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus poses a threat to elderly living in nursing homes. Studies focusing on the epidemiology of colonization may help in the design of infection control strategies. OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with MRSA colonization and the dissemination of clones among nursing home residents. METHODS Nasal swabs were collected from 300 persons from nine nursing homes in the city of Bauru, Brazil. Resistance to methicillin was identified through amplification of the mecA gene. Strain typing (Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis) and characterization of the Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette (SCC) mec was performed. Univariate and multivariable models were used to identify predictors of overall S. aureus and MRSA carriage. RESULTS Rates of S. aureus and MRSA colonization were 17.7 and 3.7%, respectively. Age and recent admission to a hospital were independently associated with colonization with S. aureus. MRSA colonization was associated with living in small (< 15 residents) and medium-sized (15-49 residents) facilities, as well as with recent hospitalization. Most MRSA strains carried SCCmec types II or IV, and there was evidence of clonal spread within and among different facilities. CONCLUSIONS MRSA may be introduced in nursing homes form hospitals or arise from the community setting. Screening for asymptomatic colonization may identify persons with greater risk for infection, and is advised for residents discharged from acute care hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica da Silveira
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Sena Martins de Souza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Feltrin Correa
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu School of Medicine, University Hospital, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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18
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Santosaningsih D, Santoso S, Verbrugh HA, Severin JA. Risk Factors for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Patients at Admission to the Surgical Ward in a Resource-Limited Hospital in Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1310-1312. [PMID: 29016292 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among patients at admission to the surgery ward in a resource-limited hospital in Indonesia. A case-control study was performed including 65 MRSA carriage patients and 132 non-MRSA carriage patients screened at admission to surgery wards in a hospital in Malang, East Java. For MRSA screening, swabs were obtained from nares and throat, cultured in an enrichment broth followed by subculturing onto CHROMagar™ MRSA; suspected colonies were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Patients referred from other hospitals, patients transferred from the surgical acute care unit, patients that had a surgical procedure within 3 months before admission, and immunocompromised patients were more likely to be MRSA carriers at admission to the surgery wards. Selective MRSA screening of patients according to such risk factors at admission would efficiently detect MRSA carriers and may help control MRSA dissemination in surgery wards in limited-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Santosaningsih
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Infection Prevention and Control Committee, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sanarto Santoso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Henri A Verbrugh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte A Severin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Hassoun A, Linden PK, Friedman B. Incidence, prevalence, and management of MRSA bacteremia across patient populations-a review of recent developments in MRSA management and treatment. Crit Care 2017; 21:211. [PMID: 28807042 PMCID: PMC5557425 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is still a major global healthcare problem. Of concern is S. aureus bacteremia, which exhibits high rates of morbidity and mortality and can cause metastatic or complicated infections such as infective endocarditis or sepsis. MRSA is responsible for most global S. aureus bacteremia cases, and compared with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, MRSA infection is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. S. aureus virulence is affected by the unique combination of toxin and immune-modulatory gene products, which may differ by geographic location and healthcare- or community-associated acquisition. Management of S. aureus bacteremia involves timely identification of the infecting strain and source of infection, proper choice of antibiotic treatment, and robust prevention strategies. Resistance and nonsusceptibility to first-line antimicrobials combined with a lack of equally effective alternatives complicates MRSA bacteremia treatment. This review describes trends in epidemiology and factors that influence the incidence of MRSA bacteremia. Current and developing diagnostic tools, treatments, and prevention strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassoun
- Alabama Infectious Disease Center, 420 Lowell Drive, Suite 301, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA
| | - Peter K. Linden
- Allegheny General Hospital, Division of Surgical Critical Care, Allegheny Professional Building, 490 East North Ave, Suite 309, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA
| | - Bruce Friedman
- Joseph M. Still Burn Center, 3675 J. Dewey Gray Circle, Suite 200B, Augusta, GA 30909 USA
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20
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Haddad Kashani H, Fahimi H, Dasteh Goli Y, Moniri R. A Novel Chimeric Endolysin with Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:290. [PMID: 28713777 PMCID: PMC5491540 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine/histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP) and amidase are known as catalytic domains of the bacteriophage-derived endolysin LysK and were previously reported to show lytic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the current study, the in silico design and analysis of chimeric CHAP-amidase model was applied to enhance the stability and solubility of protein, which was achieved through improving the properties of primary, secondary and tertiary structures. The coding gene sequence of the chimeric CHAP-amidase was synthesized and subcloned into the pET-22(+) expression vector, and the recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain. Subsequent affinity-based purification yielded ~12 mg soluble protein per liter of E. coli culture. Statistical analysis indicated that concentrations of ≥1 μg/mL of the purified protein have significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus MRSA252 cells. The engineered chimeric CHAP-amidase exhibited 3.2 log reduction of MRSA252 cell counts at the concentration of 10 μg/mL. A synergistic interaction between CHAP-amidase and vancomycin was detected by using checkerboard assay and calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. This synergistic effect was shown by 8-fold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin. The chimeric CHAP-amidase displayed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and enterococcus. However, it did not indicate any significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and Lactococcus lactis. Taken together, these findings suggest that our chimeric CHAP-amidase might represent potential to be used for the development of efficient antibacterial therapies targeting MRSA and certain Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical SciencesKashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityTehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Dasteh Goli
- Department of Biology, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, United States
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical SciencesKashan, Iran
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21
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A novel staphylococcal enterotoxin B subunit vaccine candidate elicits protective immune response in a mouse model. Toxicon 2017; 131:68-77. [PMID: 28359755 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), produced by the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, is responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, and is considered a potential bioterrorism agent. Unfortunately, still now no approved vaccines are available against SEB. In this study, we constructed a series of nontoxic SEB mutants (mSEBs) and examined whether these mSEBs provide protective immunity against SEB challenge. These mSEB vaccine candidates did not demonstrate superantigen activity in mouse splenocyte cultures. Immunization with the vaccine candidates triggered the production of IgG-antibodies with neutralizing activity. In addition, increased production of IgG1 and IgG3 was observed after immunization, which signifies both Th1- and Th2-induced immune responses. Among the vaccine candidates tested, S9, a double mutant (N23A and Y90A) and S19, a quadruple mutant (N23A, Y90A, R110A, and F177A), demonstrated complete protection against a lethal SEB challenge. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that these mSEBs could be an effective recombinant SEB vaccine candidates for further/future preclinical and clinical studies.
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22
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Sampath Jayaweera JAA, Karunarathne M, Kumbukgolla WW. The importance of timely introduction of vancomycin therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and severity of MRSA bacteremia at Teaching Hospital, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2017.7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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23
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West TE, Wikraiphat C, Tandhavanant S, Ariyaprasert P, Suntornsut P, Okamoto S, Mahavanakul W, Srisamang P, Phiphitaporn S, Anukunananchai J, Chetchotisakd P, Peacock SJ, Chantratita N. Patient Characteristics, Management, and Predictors of Outcome from Severe Community-Onset Staphylococcal Sepsis in Northeast Thailand: A Prospective Multicenter Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1042-1049. [PMID: 28167592 PMCID: PMC5417193 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection is a persistent threat in resource-restricted settings in southeast Asia but informative data about this disease remain limited. We analyzed characteristics, management, and predictors of outcome in severely septic patients with community-onset S. aureus infection in northeast Thailand. We performed a prospective, multicenter observational cohort study of community-onset S. aureus sepsis in four referral hospitals recruiting patients at least 14 years of age admitted between March 2010 and December 2013. One hundred and nineteen patients with severe staphylococcal sepsis were enrolled. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition. Methicillin-resistant infection was rare. Twenty-eight-day mortality was 20%. Ninety-two percent of patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy and 82% were administered intravenous fluids on the first hospital day, although only 14% were managed in an intensive care unit (ICU). On univariable analysis, clinical variables at enrollment significantly associated with death at 28 days were coagulopathy or respiratory failure. Plasma interleukin (IL)-8 concentration alone accurately predicted mortality (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–0.90). In multivariable analysis, addition of IL-8 concentration to a mortality prediction model containing clinical variables further improved the predictive ability of the model. We conclude that severe staphylococcal sepsis in northeast Thailand causes significant mortality. Diabetes is a common preexisting condition and most patients are managed outside the ICU even if they receive vasoactive/inotropic agents or mechanical ventilation. While clinical factors apparent on presentation including coagulopathy and respiratory failure predict death, plasma IL-8 improves this prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eoin West
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chanthiwa Wikraiphat
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarunporn Tandhavanant
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pitchayanant Ariyaprasert
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Suntornsut
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shawna Okamoto
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Weera Mahavanakul
- Department of Medicine, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Pramot Srisamang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Sharon J Peacock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Wang X, Ouyang L, Luo L, Liu J, Song C, Li C, Yan H, Wang P. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates in a hospital of shanghai. Oncotarget 2017; 8:6079-6084. [PMID: 28030828 PMCID: PMC5351614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are now common both in the health care setting and in the community. Active surveillance is critical for MRSA control and prevention. Specimens of patients (200 patients with 1119 specimens) as well as medical staff and hospital setting (1000 specimens) were randomly sampled in a level 2 hospital in Shanghai from September 2011 to August 2012. Isolation, cultivation and identification of S. aureus were performed. Totally, 67 S. aureus strains were isolated. 32 S. aureus strains were isolated from patient samples; 13 (13/32, 40.6%) of the 32 S. aureus isolates were MRSA; sputum sample and patients in the department of general internal medicine were the most frequent specimen and patient group for S. aureus strains isolation. Remaining 35 S. aureus strains were isolated from the medical staff and hospital setting; 20 (20/35, 57.1%) of the 35 S. aureus isolates were MRSA; specimens sampled from doctors and nurses' hands and nose and hospital facilities were the most frequent samples to isolate S. aureus. Resistant and virulent genes detection showed that, all 33 MRSA strains were mecA positive which accounts for 49.3% of the 67 S. aureus strains; 38 isolates were Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene positive which accounts for 56.7% of the 67 S. aureus strains; and 17 (17/67, 25.4%) isolates are mecA and PVL genes dual positive. Multidrug-resistant strains of MRSA and PVL positive S. aureus are common in patients, medical staff and hospital setting, the potential health threat is worthy of our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ouyang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Jiqian Liu
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Chiping Song
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Cuizhen Li
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Hongjing Yan
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minghang District, Minghang District, Shanghai 201101, P.R. China
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25
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The success of the vaccines available on the market has significantly increased interest in vaccine development. Areas covered: The main aim of this paper is to discuss the most important vaccines of pediatric interest that are currently being developed. New pneumococcal vaccines and vaccines against group B Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and respiratory syncytial virus are analyzed in detail. Expert commentary: Advances in understanding human immunology, including human monoclonal antibody identification, sequencing technology, and the ability to solve atomic level structures of vaccine targets have provided tools to guide the rational design of future vaccines. It is likely that some of these vaccines will reach the market in the future and will thus partially contribute to the prevention of very severe diseases that significantly affect the morbidity and mortality of children. However, further studies in animals and several clinical trials in children must be performed before new vaccines become licensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- a Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- a Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
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26
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Giersing BK, Dastgheyb SS, Modjarrad K, Moorthy V. Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus. Vaccine 2016; 34:2962-2966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Ran K, Gao C, Deng H, Lei Q, You X, Wang N, Shi Y, Liu Z, Wei W, Peng C, Xiong L, Xiao K, Yu L. Identification of novel 2-aminothiazole conjugated nitrofuran as antitubercular and antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3669-74. [PMID: 27289321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens is an ongoing main problem in the therapy of bacterial infections. In order to develop promising antitubercular and antibacterial lead compounds, we designed and synthesized a new series of derivatives of 2-aminothiazole conjugated nitrofuran with activities against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. Eight compounds 12e, 12k, 12l, 12m, 18a, 18d, 18e, and 18j emerged as promising antitubercular agents. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed and showed that the derivatives substituted at the position-3 of benzene of 5-nitro-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)furan-2-carboxamide exhibited superior potency. The most potent compound 18e, substituted with benzamide at this position, displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.27μg/mL against Mtb H37Ra and 1.36μg/mL against S. aureus. Furthermore, compound 18e had no obvious cytotoxicity to normal Vero cells (IC50=50.2μM). The results suggest that the novel scaffolds of aminothiazole conjugated nitrofuran would be a promising class of potent antitubercular and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu You
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cuiting Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kunjie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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28
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Dou JL, Jiang YW, Xie JQ, Zhang XG. New Is Old, and Old Is New: Recent Advances in Antibiotic-Based, Antibiotic-Free and Ethnomedical Treatments against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Wound Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E617. [PMID: 27120596 PMCID: PMC4881443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen of wound infections. Thus far, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become the major causative agent in wound infections, especially for nosocomial infections. MRSA infections are seldom eradicated by routine antimicrobial therapies. More concerning, some strains have become resistant to the newest antibiotics of last resort. Furthermore, horizontal transfer of a polymyxin resistance gene, mcr-1, has been identified in Enterobacteriaceae, by which resistance to the last group of antibiotics will likely spread rapidly. The worst-case scenario, "a return to the pre-antibiotic era", is likely in sight. A perpetual goal for antibiotic research is the discovery of an antibiotic that lacks resistance potential, such as the recent discovery of teixobactin. However, when considering the issue from an ecological and evolutionary standpoint, it is evident that it is insufficient to solve the antibiotic dilemma through the use of antibiotics themselves. In this review, we summarized recent advances in antibiotic-based, antibiotic-free and ethnomedical treatments against MRSA wound infections to identify new clues to solve the antibiotic dilemma. One potential solution is to use ethnomedical drugs topically. Some ethnomedical drugs have been demonstrated to be effective antimicrobials against MRSA. A decline in antibiotic resistance can therefore be expected, as has been demonstrated when antibiotic-free treatments were used to limit the use of antibiotics. It is also anticipated that these drugs will have low resistance potential, although there is only minimal evidence to support this claim to date. More clinical trials and animal tests should be conducted on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Dou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yi-Wei Jiang
- Spinal Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicines, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Jun-Qiu Xie
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhang
- Spinal Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicines, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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Santosaningsih D, Santoso S, Budayanti NS, Suata K, Lestari ES, Wahjono H, Djamal A, Kuntaman K, van Belkum A, Laurens M, Snijders SV, Willemse-Erix D, Goessens WH, Verbrugh HA, Severin JA. Characterisation of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates harbouring mecA or Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes from four tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 21:610-8. [PMID: 26970318 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and clonal distribution of either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive S. aureus obtained from clinical cultures in Indonesian hospitals. METHODS S. aureus isolates from clinical cultures of patients in four tertiary care hospitals in Denpasar, Malang, Padang and Semarang were included. We assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles using the Vitek2(®) system, determined the presence of the mecA gene and genes encoding PVL using PCR and analysed the clonal relatedness with Raman spectroscopy. SCCmec typing was performed for all MRSA isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for a subset of isolates. RESULTS In total, 259 S. aureus strains were collected. Of these, 17/259 (6.6%) and 48/259 (18.5%) were MRSA and PVL-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), respectively. The prevalence of MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA ranged between 2.5-8.9% and 9.5-29.1%, respectively and depended on geographic origin. PVL-positive MRSA were not detected. Raman spectroscopy of the strains revealed multiple Raman types with two predominant clusters. We also showed possible transmission of a ST239-MRSA-SCCmec type III strain and a ST121 PVL-positive MSSA in one of the hospitals. CONCLUSIONS We showed that MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA are of clinical importance in Indonesian hospitals. A national surveillance system should be set-up to further monitor this. To reduce the prevalence of MRSA in Indonesian hospitals, a bundle of intervention measures is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Santosaningsih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr.Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sanarto Santoso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr.Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman S Budayanti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suata
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Endang S Lestari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr.Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Hendro Wahjono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr.Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Aziz Djamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University/Dr.M.Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Microbiology Unit, Biomérieux, Inc., La Balme, France
| | - Mitchell Laurens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,BaseClear BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susan V Snijders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Willemse-Erix
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Wil H Goessens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henri A Verbrugh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte A Severin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Rovira G, Cooke EF, Mucavele H, Sitoe A, Madrid L, Nhampossa T, Garrine M, Massora S, Cossa A, Mandomando I, Bassat Q. The Challenge of Diagnosing and Treating Staphylococcus aureus Invasive Infections in a Resource-limited Sub-Saharan Africa Setting: A Case Report. J Trop Pediatr 2015; 61:397-402. [PMID: 26187541 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmv045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MSSA) is responsible for the majority of skin and soft-tissue infections. CA-MSSA can also cause life-threatening infections, possibly in relation to particular virulence factors, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). METHODS We describe a severe CA-MSSA necrotizing pneumonia complicated with multifocal osteomyelitis, pericardial effusion and endocarditis in a 6-year-old boy admitted to a Mozambican hospital. Staphylococcus aureus isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by conventional microbiology. Additionally, microarray assay was used for molecular characterization. RESULTS Blood culture confirmed the presence of S. aureus susceptible to most antimicrobial agents, including methicillin. Molecular characterization confirmed the presence of PVL, together with alpha and beta haemolysin genes. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of disseminated CA-MSSA disease with confirmed PVL exotoxin in sub-Saharan Africa. PVL-positive CA-MSSA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, making laboratory testing a higher priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Rovira
- EAP Sardenya-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Elisa F Cooke
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Helio Mucavele
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929
| | - Antonio Sitoe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929
| | - Lola Madrid
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929 ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Tacilta Nhampossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929 Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique, CP264
| | - Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929
| | - Sergio Massora
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929
| | - Anelsio Cossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929 Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique, CP264
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique, CP1929 ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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31
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Punina NV, Makridakis NM, Remnev MA, Topunov AF. Whole-genome sequencing targets drug-resistant bacterial infections. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:19. [PMID: 26243131 PMCID: PMC4525730 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, the technological progress of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) had changed the fields of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, and, currently, is changing the underlying principles, approaches, and fundamentals of Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Economics, and national productivity. Today’s WGS technologies are able to compete with conventional techniques in cost, speed, accuracy, and resolution for day-to-day control of infectious diseases and outbreaks in clinical laboratories and in long-term epidemiological investigations. WGS gives rise to an exciting future direction for personalized Genomic Epidemiology. One of the most vital and growing public health problems is the emerging and re-emerging of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in the communities and healthcare settings, reinforced by a decline in antimicrobial drug discovery. In recent years, retrospective analysis provided by WGS has had a great impact on the identification and tracking of MDR microorganisms in hospitals and communities. The obtained genomic data are also important for developing novel easy-to-use diagnostic assays for clinics, as well as for antibiotic and therapeutic development at both the personal and population levels. At present, this technology has been successfully applied as an addendum to the real-time diagnostic methods currently used in clinical laboratories. However, the significance of WGS for public health may increase if: (a) unified and user-friendly bioinformatics toolsets for easy data interpretation and management are established, and (b) standards for data validation and verification are developed. Herein, we review the current and future impact of this technology on diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and control of MDR infectious bacteria in clinics and on the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Punina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - N M Makridakis
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - M A Remnev
- The Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics, Moscow, 127055, Russia
| | - A F Topunov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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32
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Ghasemian A, Najar Peerayeh S, Bakhshi B, Mirzaee M. Several Virulence Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates From Hospitalized Patients in Tehran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep25196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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33
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Strommenger B, Layer F, Klare I, Werner G. Pre-Use Susceptibility to Ceftaroline in Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Germany: Is There a Non-Susceptible Pool to be Selected? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125864. [PMID: 25955221 PMCID: PMC4425514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceftaroline is a new cephalosporin active against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Based on a representative collection of clinical S. aureus isolates from Germany, supplemented with isolates of clonal lineages ST228 and ST239, we demonstrate the in-vitro susceptibility towards ceftaroline prior to its introduction into clinical use for a total of 219 isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution, disc diffusion and Etest, respectively. Results were interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines and showed considerable variance in dependence on clonal affiliation of the isolates tested. Among isolates of widespread hospital-associated lineages we found a high proportion of clinical isolates with MICs close to the EUCAST breakpoint (MIC50/90 1.0/1.5 mg/L); currently, interpretation of these "borderline" MICs is complicated by a lack of concordant susceptibility testing methods and reasonable breakpoint determination. Isolates of clonal lineages ST228 and ST239 demonstrated increased MIC50/90 values of 2.5/3.33 mg/L. Sequencing of mecA revealed no association of resistance to a specific mecA polymorphism, but rather reveals two regions in the non-penicillin-binding domain of PbP2a which displayed different combinations of mutations putatively involved in resistance development. This study provides national baseline data to (i) adjust susceptibility testing methods and current breakpoints to clinical and epidemiological requirements, (ii) evaluate current breakpoints with respect to therapeutic outcome and (iii) monitor further resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Strommenger
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Franziska Layer
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Ingo Klare
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
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34
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In Vitro Antistaphylococcal Effects of Embelia schimperi Extracts and Their Component Embelin with Oxacillin and Tetracycline. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:175983. [PMID: 25802535 PMCID: PMC4352930 DOI: 10.1155/2015/175983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are in less-developed countries traditionally treated by remedies prepared from medicinal plants. Embelia schimperi (Vatke) is a plant used as a taenicide or disinfectant in Ethiopia, very often taken mixed with another plant species. In the present study, we examined two extracts prepared from seeds and twigs with leaves of E. schimperi and its main present secondary metabolite embelin for their antibacterial combinatory effect with oxacillin and tetracycline against sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined through the broth microdilution method, whereas the combinatory effect was evaluated through fractional inhibitory concentration sum (ΣFIC) indices. Results show many positive interactions and synergy occurring in embelin and oxacillin combinations against 4 out of 9 strains (ΣFIC 0.203–0.477) and for embelin and tetracycline combination against 3 out of 9 strains (ΣFIC 0.400–0.496). Moreover, the resistance to oxacillin has been overcome in 2 strains and to tetracycline in 3 strains. According to our knowledge, this is the first study showing antimicrobial combinatory effect of E. schimperi as well as of embelin. These findings can be used for the further research targeted on the development of new antistaphylococcal agents.
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35
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Tambyah PA. Doing Good and Doing It Well, Especially Where It Is Not Easy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 31:142-3. [DOI: 10.1086/650200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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36
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Tong SYC, Holden MTG, Nickerson EK, Cooper BS, Köser CU, Cori A, Jombart T, Cauchemez S, Fraser C, Wuthiekanun V, Thaipadungpanit J, Hongsuwan M, Day NP, Limmathurotsakul D, Parkhill J, Peacock SJ. Genome sequencing defines phylogeny and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a high transmission setting. Genome Res 2014; 25:111-8. [PMID: 25491771 PMCID: PMC4317166 DOI: 10.1101/gr.174730.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infection. Whole-genome sequencing of MRSA has been used to define phylogeny and transmission in well-resourced healthcare settings, yet the greatest burden of nosocomial infection occurs in resource-restricted settings where barriers to transmission are lower. Here, we study the flux and genetic diversity of MRSA on ward and individual patient levels in a hospital where transmission was common. We repeatedly screened all patients on two intensive care units for MRSA carriage over a 3-mo period. All MRSA belonged to multilocus sequence type 239 (ST 239). We defined the population structure and charted the spread of MRSA by sequencing 79 isolates from 46 patients and five members of staff, including the first MRSA-positive screen isolates and up to two repeat isolates where available. Phylogenetic analysis identified a flux of distinct ST 239 clades over time in each intensive care unit. In total, five main clades were identified, which varied in the carriage of plasmids encoding antiseptic and antimicrobial resistance determinants. Sequence data confirmed intra- and interwards transmission events and identified individual patients who were colonized by more than one clade. One patient on each unit was the source of numerous transmission events, and deep sampling of one of these cases demonstrated colonization with a "cloud" of related MRSA variants. The application of whole-genome sequencing and analysis provides novel insights into the transmission of MRSA in under-resourced healthcare settings and has relevance to wider global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Y C Tong
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Emma K Nickerson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ben S Cooper
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Claudio U Köser
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OXY, United Kingdom; Public Health England, Cambridge CB2 0QW, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Cori
- Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaut Jombart
- Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Janjira Thaipadungpanit
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Maliwan Hongsuwan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nicholas P Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Julian Parkhill
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OXY, United Kingdom; Public Health England, Cambridge CB2 0QW, United Kingdom
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Lee JS, Yoo YH, Kang J, Han WS, Lee JK, Yoon CN. Proteome reactivity profiling for the discrimination of pathogenic bacteria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4347-50. [PMID: 24643251 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diverse proteome reactivity profiles were obtained using small-molecule electrophiles. Based on the cross-reactivity profile, each protein generated a unique reactivity fingerprint. Here, we report the first proteome reactivity signature-based discrimination of 11 bacteria. Perfect differentiation of 11 bacteria can be achieved using 2 benzyl-halide probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Seok Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seoul, 136-791, Korea.
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38
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Hill EH, Pappas HC, Evans DG, Whitten DG. Cationic oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes form complexes with surfactants for long-term light-activated biocidal applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:247-53. [PMID: 24149833 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cationic oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes are highly effective light-activated biocides that deal broad-spectrum damage to a variety of pathogens, including bacteria. A potential problem arising in the long-term usage of these compounds is photochemical breakdown, which nullifies their biocidal activity. Recent work has shown that these molecules complex with oppositely-charged surfactants, and that the resulting complexes are protected from photodegradation. In this manuscript, we determine the biocidal activity of an oligomer and a complex formed between it and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The complexes are able to withstand prolonged periods of irradiation, continuing to effectively kill both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, while the oligomer by itself loses its biocidal effectiveness quickly in the presence of light. In addition, damage and stress responses induced by these biocides in both E. coli and S. aureus are discussed. This work shows that complexation with surfactants is a viable method for long-term light-activated biocidal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Hill
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, USA.
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39
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Van Nguyen K, Zhang T, Thi Vu BN, Dao TT, Tran TK, Thi Nguyen DN, Thi Tran HK, Thi Nguyen CK, Fox A, Horby P, Wertheim H. Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage in rural and urban northern Vietnam. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 108:783-90. [PMID: 25187670 PMCID: PMC4235569 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that can colonise the respiratory tract and cause infection. Here we investigate the risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) in Vietnam. Methods Between February and June 2012, nasal and pharyngeal swabs for S. aureus culture, and demographic and socioeconomic data were taken from 1016 participants in urban and rural northern Vietnam, who were randomly selected from pre-specified age strata. Results Overall S. aureus prevalence was 303/1016 (29.8%; adjusted for age: 33.8%). Carriage in the main cohort was found to be associated with younger age (≤5 years [OR 3.13, CI 1.62–6.03]; 6–12 [OR 6.87, CI 3.95–11.94]; 13–19 [OR 6.47, CI 3.56–11.74]; 20–29 [OR 4.73, CI 2.40–9.31]; 30–59 [OR 1.74, CI 1.04–2.92); with ≥60 as reference), living in an urban area (OR 1.36, CI 1.01–1.83) and antibiotics use (OR 0.69, CI 0.49–0.96). MRSA was detected in 80/1016 (7.9%). Being aged ≤5 years (OR 4.84, CI 1.47–15.97); 6–12 (OR 10.21, CI 3.54–29.50); 20–29 (OR 4.01, CI 1.09–14.77) and wealth (>3/5 wealth index, OR 1.63 CI 1.01–2.62) were significant risk factors for MRSA carriage. Conclusions Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus is present in one-third of the Vietnamese population, and is more prevalent among children. Pharyngeal carriage is more common than nasal carriage. Risk factors for S. aureus (including MRSA) carriage are identified in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianying Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Annette Fox
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Horby
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heiman Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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40
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Hill EH, Whitten DG, Evans DG. Computational study of bacterial membrane disruption by cationic biocides: structural basis for water pore formation. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9722-32. [PMID: 25011642 DOI: 10.1021/jp504297s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of biocides as disinfectants that do not induce bacterial resistance is crucial to health care since hospital-acquired infections afflict millions of patients every year. Recent experimental studies of a class of cationic biocides based on the phenylene ethynylene backbone, known as OPEs, have revealed that their biocidal activity is accompanied by strong morphology changes to bacterial cell membranes. In vitro studies of bacterial membrane mimics have shown changes to the lipid phase that are dependent on the length and orientation of the cationic moieties on the backbone. This study uses classical molecular dynamics to conduct a comprehensive survey of how oligomers with different chemical structures interact with each other and with a bacterial cell membrane mimic. In particular, the ability of OPEs to disrupt membrane structure is studied as a function of the length of the biocides and the orientation of their cationic moieties along the backbone of the molecule. The simulation results show that the structure of OPEs radically affects their interactions with a lipid bilayer. Biocides with branched cationic groups form trans-membrane water pores regardless of their backbone length, while only 1-1.5 nm of membrane thinning is observed with biocides with cationic groups on their terminal ends. The molecular dynamics simulations provide mechanistic details at the molecular level of the interaction of these biocidal oligomers and the lipid bilayer and corroborate experimental findings regarding observed differences in membrane disruption by OPEs with different chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Hill
- The Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering Program and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and ‡Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
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41
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Hill EH, Pappas HC, Whitten DG. Activating the antimicrobial activity of an anionic singlet-oxygen sensitizer through surfactant complexation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5052-5056. [PMID: 24786342 DOI: 10.1021/la501230m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cationic oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes have shown much promise as broad-spectrum light-activated antimicrobial compounds against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The anionic varieties, however, have weak biocidal activity. In this study, a complex is formed between a weakly biocidal anionic oligomer and a cationic surfactant, and the effects on their biocidal activity against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus are explored. The enhancement in biocidal activity that is observed when the complex is irradiated suggests that interfacial surfactant gives the complex a net-positive charge, allowing it to associate strongly with the bacterial membrane. The results of this study demonstrate a method for the enhancement of biocidal activity of singlet-oxygen sensitizers and corroborate the use of surfactants as trans-membrane drug-delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Hill
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and the Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering Program, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
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42
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Duan F, Li X, Cai S, Xin G, Wang Y, Du D, He S, Huang B, Guo X, Zhao H, Zhang R, Ma L, Liu Y, Du Q, Wei Z, Xing Z, Liang Y, Wu X, Fan C, Ji C, Zeng D, Chen Q, He Y, Liu X, Huang W. Haloemodin as Novel Antibacterial Agent Inhibiting DNA Gyrase and Bacterial Topoisomerase I. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3707-14. [PMID: 24588790 DOI: 10.1021/jm401685f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Duan
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
- College
of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department
of Biopharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery
Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Suping Cai
- Shenzhen
Eye Hospital, Jinan University, No. 18, Zetian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Guang Xin
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Dan Du
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Shiliang He
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Baozhan Huang
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiurong Guo
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Limei Ma
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Qigen Du
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yong Liang
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Chengzhong Fan
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chengjie Ji
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Dequan Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang He
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Shenzhen
Eye Hospital, Jinan University, No. 18, Zetian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory
of Ethnopharmacology, Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and
Membrane Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China
Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University Keyuan 4 Road
No. 1, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxinqu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
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Jenney A, Holt D, Ritika R, Southwell P, Pravin S, Buadromo E, Carapetis J, Tong S, Steer A. The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:160. [PMID: 24655406 PMCID: PMC3998116 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few data describing the microbiology and genetic typing of Staphylococcus aureus that cause infections in developing countries. Methods In this study we observed S. aureus infections in Pacific Island nation of Fiji in both the community and hospital setting with an emphasis on clonal complex (CC) genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results S. aureus was commonly found in impetigo lesions of school children and was recovered from 57% of impetigo lesions frequently in conjunction with group A streptococcal infection. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) comprised 7% (20/299) of isolates and were all non-multi-resistant and all genotyped as CC1. In contrast, there was a diverse selection of 17 CCs among the 105 genotyped methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) strains. Isolates of the rare, phylogenetically divergent and non-pigmented CC75 lineage (also called S.argenteus) were found in Fiji. From hospitalized patients the available 36 MRSA isolates from a 9-month period were represented by five CCs. The most common CCs were CC1 and CC239. CC1 is likely to be a community-acquired strain, reflecting what was found in the school children, whereas the CC239 is the very successful multi-drug resistant MRSA nosocomial lineage. Of 17 MSSA isolates, 59% carried genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The S. aureus bacteraemia incidence rate of 50 per 100,000 population is among the highest reported in the literature and likely reflects the high overall burden of staphylococcal infections in this population. Conclusions S. aureus is an important cause of disease in Fiji and there is considerable genotypic diversity in community skin infections in Fijian schoolchildren. Community acquired- (CA)- MRSA is present at a relatively low prevalence (6.7%) and was solely to CC1 (CA-MRSA). The globally successful CC239 is also a significant pathogen in Fiji.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jenney
- Fiji Group A Streptococcal Project, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Eyoh AB, Toukam M, Atashili J, Fokunang C, Gonsu H, Lyonga EE, Mandi H, Ikomey G, Mukwele B, Mesembe M, Assoumou MCO. Relationship between multiple drug resistance and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from medical and non-medical personnel in Yaounde, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:186. [PMID: 25396012 PMCID: PMC4228992 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.186.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monitoring the prevalence of nasal carriage of multiple drug resistance (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains in hospital personnel is essential. These strains when transmitted from hospital personnel to patients with already weakened immune states or in-built medical devices, may limit the latter's treatment options. This study aimed at assessing the potential exposure of patients to these MDR SA in a resource-limited hospital setting by assessing the prevalence and relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm forming capacity of SA isolates from hospital personnel. Methods A total of 59 bacteria isolates phenotypically identified as Staphylococcus aureus obtained from medical (39) and non-medical personnel (20) in Yaounde were used in the study. Multiple drug resistance defined as resistance to four or more of twelve locally used antibiotics were determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique whereas quantification of biofilm production was by the microtitre plate method. Results Among the 59 SA isolates, the prevalence of MDR was 50.9%. Among medical personnel 48.7% had MDR as against 55.9% for non-medical personnel (p-value=0.648). The overall percentage of weak biofilm producers was 35.6%. Although the prevalence of weak biofilm formers was higher in isolates from non-medical personnel (40%) than medical personnel (33.3%) the difference was not statistically significant (p-value= 0.246). Slightly less than half (42.9%) of the weak biofilm producers were MDR. Conclusion Considering the high rates of MDR and that slightly less than half of biofilm formers were MDR, these trends need to be monitored regularly among hospital personnel in Yaounde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bedie Eyoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon ; Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Cameroon
| | - Michel Toukam
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon
| | | | - Charles Fokunang
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon
| | - Hortense Gonsu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon
| | - Emilia Enjema Lyonga
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon ; Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Cameroon
| | | | - George Ikomey
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon ; Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Cameroon
| | - Bertha Mukwele
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Cameroon
| | - Martha Mesembe
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Cameroon
| | - Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon ; Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Cameroon
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45
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Liu X, Hu Y, Pai PJ, Chen D, Lam H. Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of antibiotic response in Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1223-33. [PMID: 24156611 DOI: 10.1021/pr400669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the leading cause of fatal bacterial infections in hospitals and has become a global health threat. Although the resistance mechanisms of β-lactam antibiotics have been studied for decades, there are few attempts at systems-wide investigations into how the bacteria respond to antibiotic stress. Spectral counting-based label-free quantitative proteomics has been applied to study global responses in MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) treated with subinhibitory doses of oxacillin, a model β-lactam antibiotic. We developed a simple and easily repeated sample preparation procedure that is effective for extracting surface-associated proteins. On average, 1025 and 1013 proteins were identified at a false discovery rate threshold of 0.01, for the untreated group of MRSA and MSSA. Upon treatment with oxacillin, 81 proteins (65 up-regulated, 16 down-regulated) were shown differentially expressed in MRSA (p < 0.05). In comparison, 225 proteins (162 up-regulated, 63 down-regulated) were shown differentially expressed in oxacillin-treated MSSA. β-Lactamase and penicillin-binding protein 2a were observed up-regulated uniquely in oxacillin-treated MRSA, which is consistent with the known β-lactam resistance mechanisms of S. aureus. More interestingly, the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway and the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathway were found to be up-regulated in both oxacillin-treated MRSA and MSSA, and a series of energy metabolism pathways were up-regulated uniquely in oxacillin-treated MSSA. These new data offer a more complete view of the proteome changes in bacteria in response to the antibiotic. This report is the first in using label-free quantitative proteomics to study β-lactam antibiotic responses in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Bertanha CS, Utrera SH, Gimenez VMM, Groppo M, Silva MLAE, Cunha WR, Martins CHG, Januário AH, Pauletti PM. Antibacterial evaluation of Styrax pohlii and isolated compounds. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of the compounds egonol (1) and homoegonol (2), of the crude ethanolic extract of Styrax pohlii (Styracaceae) aerial parts (EE), and of its n-hexane (HF), EtOAc (EF), n-BuOH (BF), and hydromethanolic (HMF) fractions was evaluated against the following microorganisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 6305), S. pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Haemophilus influenzae (ATCC 10211), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031). The broth microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during preliminary evaluation of antibacterial activity. The EE yielded MIC values of 400 µg/mL for S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and 300 µg/mL for H. influenzae. The HF and EF fractions exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 200 µg/mL against S. pneumoniae, but only EF displayed activity against H. influenzae (MIC 200 µg/mL). The best MIC value with compounds 1 and 2 (400 µg/mL) was obtained for (1) against S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, 1 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against these standard strains.
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Chen L, Li BQ, Zheng MY, Zhang J, Feng KY, Cai YD. Prediction of effective drug combinations by chemical interaction, protein interaction and target enrichment of KEGG pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:723780. [PMID: 24083237 PMCID: PMC3780555 DOI: 10.1155/2013/723780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug combinatorial therapy could be more effective in treating some complex diseases than single agents due to better efficacy and reduced side effects. Although some drug combinations are being used, their underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, it is of great interest to deduce a novel drug combination by their molecular mechanisms in a robust and rigorous way. This paper attempts to predict effective drug combinations by a combined consideration of: (1) chemical interaction between drugs, (2) protein interactions between drugs' targets, and (3) target enrichment of KEGG pathways. A benchmark dataset was constructed, consisting of 121 confirmed effective combinations and 605 random combinations. Each drug combination was represented by 465 features derived from the aforementioned three properties. Some feature selection techniques, including Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance and Incremental Feature Selection, were adopted to extract the key features. Random forest model was built with its performance evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation. As a result, 55 key features providing the best prediction result were selected. These important features may help to gain insights into the mechanisms of drug combinations, and the proposed prediction model could become a useful tool for screening possible drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Systems Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bi-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Kai-Yan Feng
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- Institute of Systems Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Chuang YY, Huang YC. Molecular epidemiology of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Asia. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2013; 13:698-708. [PMID: 23827369 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, most reports on the epidemiology of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are from developed countries, with few data from resource-limited countries, not because of low actual prevalence, but probably because of scarce diagnostic facilities. The rate of MRSA in all community-associated S. aureus infections in Asian countries ranges from 2·5% to 39%. Unlike the predominance of USA300-sequence type (ST) 8 staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV in the USA, the molecular epidemiology of CA-MRSA in Asia is characterised by clonal heterogeneity, similar to that in Europe. The emergence of CA-MRSA is a threat in both community and hospital settings because such strains are now more prevalent than are health-care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains. Many epidemic clones are in circulation in Asia and with scarce data available, concern has arisen that CA-MRSA could have devastating results if it becomes epidemic in resource-poor regions. The epidemiology of CA-MRSA in Asia is closely linked with the health of both developing and developed countries. The present situation of CA-MRSA in Asia is important not only for local public health, but also to provide a better understanding of the successful epidemic clones of this global pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics, St Mary's Hospital, Luodong, Taiwan
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Kwiecinski J, Jacobsson G, Karlsson M, Zhu X, Wang W, Bremell T, Josefsson E, Jin T. Staphylokinase Promotes the Establishment of Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections While Decreasing Disease Severity. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:990-9. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Dubey D, Rath S, Sahu MC, Pattnaik L, Debata NK, Padhy RN. Surveillance of infection status of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an Indian teaching hospital. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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