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Domenech de Cellès M, Rohani P. Pertussis vaccines, epidemiology and evolution. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01064-8. [PMID: 38907021 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Pertussis, which is caused by Bordetella pertussis, has plagued humans for at least 800 years, is highly infectious and can be fatal in the unvaccinated, especially very young infants. Although the rollout of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and 1950s was associated with a drastic drop in incidence, concerns regarding the reactogenicity of wP vaccines led to the development of a new generation of safer, acellular (aP) vaccines that have been adopted mainly in high-income countries. Over the past 20 years, some countries that boast high aP coverage have experienced a resurgence in pertussis, which has led to substantial debate over the basic immunology, epidemiology and evolutionary biology of the bacterium. Controversy surrounds the duration of natural immunity and vaccine-derived immunity, the ability of vaccines to prevent transmission and severe disease, and the impact of evolution on evading vaccine immunity. Resolving these issues is made challenging by incomplete detection of pertussis cases, the absence of a serological marker of immunity, modest sequencing of the bacterial genome and heterogeneity in diagnostic methods of surveillance. In this Review, we lay out the complexities of contemporary pertussis and, where possible, propose a parsimonious explanation for apparently incongruous observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Center of Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College for Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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2
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Horiguchi Y. Current understanding of Bordetella-induced cough. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:123-129. [PMID: 38318657 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Typical pathogenic bacteria of the genus Bordetella cause respiratory diseases, many of which are characterized by severe coughing in host animals. In human infections with these bacteria, such as whooping cough, coughing imposes a heavy burden on patients. The pathophysiology of this severe coughing had long been uncharacterized because convenient animal models that reproduce Bordetella-induced cough have not been available. However, rat and mouse models were recently shown as useful for understanding, at least partially, the causative factors and the mechanism of Bordetella-induced cough. Many types of coughs are induced under various physiological conditions, and the neurophysiological pathways of coughing are considered to vary among animal species, including humans. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms of the coughs in different animal species have not been entirely understood, and, accordingly, the current understanding of Bordetella-induced cough is still incomplete. Nevertheless, recent research findings may open the way for the development of prophylaxis and therapeutic measures against Bordetella-induced cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Elgarini M, Mennane Z, Sobh M, Hammoumi A. Bordetella holmesii: Causative agent of pertussis. Arch Pediatr 2024; 31:172-175. [PMID: 38490892 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Bordetella holmesii is a bacterium recently recognized in 1995. It is a gram-negative coccobacillus that can cause pertussis-like symptoms in humans as well as invasive infections. It is often confused with Bordetella pertussis because routine diagnostic tests for whooping cough are not species-specific. The prevalence of B. holmesii as a cause of pertussis has increased in several countries. Therefore, B. holmesii assays are important for determining the epidemiology of pertussis, for the choice of an effective treatment, and for detecting vaccination failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Elgarini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Zakaria Mennane
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdalmalek Saadi, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Sobh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdearrahmane Hammoumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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4
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Natrajan MS, Hall JM, Weigand MR, Peng Y, Williams MM, Momin M, Damron FH, Dubey P, Tondella ML, Pawloski LC. Genome-based prediction of cross-protective, HLA-DR-presented epitopes as putative vaccine antigens for multiple Bordetella species. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0352723. [PMID: 38054724 PMCID: PMC10783135 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03527-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, can cause debilitating respiratory symptoms, so whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wPVs) were introduced in the 1940s. However, reactogenicity of wPV necessitated the development of acellular pertussis vaccines (aPVs) that were introduced in the 1990s. Since then, until the COVID-19 pandemic began, reported pertussis incidence was increasing, suggesting that aPVs do not induce long-lasting immunity and may not effectively prevent transmission. Additionally, aPVs do not provide protection against other Bordetella species that are observed during outbreaks. The significance of this work is in determining potential new vaccine antigens for multiple Bordetella species that are predicted to elicit long-term immune responses. Genome-based approaches have aided the development of novel vaccines; here, these methods identified Bordetella vaccine candidates that may be cross-protective and predicted to induce strong memory responses. These targets can lead to an improved vaccine with a strong safety profile while also strengthening the longevity of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktha S. Natrajan
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse M. Hall
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael R. Weigand
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret M. Williams
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohamed Momin
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frederick Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Lucia Tondella
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucia C. Pawloski
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Miguelena Chamorro B, De Luca K, Swaminathan G, Longet S, Mundt E, Paul S. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis: Similarities and Differences in Infection, Immuno-Modulation, and Vaccine Considerations. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0016422. [PMID: 37306571 PMCID: PMC10512794 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00164-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica belong to the genus Bordetella, which comprises 14 other species. B. pertussis is responsible for whooping cough in humans, a severe infection in children and less severe or chronic in adults. These infections are restricted to humans and currently increasing worldwide. B. bronchiseptica is involved in diverse respiratory infections in a wide range of mammals. For instance, the canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC), characterized by a chronic cough in dogs. At the same time, it is increasingly implicated in human infections, while remaining an important pathogen in the veterinary field. Both Bordetella can evade and modulate host immune responses to support their persistence, although it is more pronounced in B. bronchiseptica infection. The protective immune responses elicited by both pathogens are comparable, while there are important characteristics in the mechanisms that differ. However, B. pertussis pathogenesis is more difficult to decipher in animal models than those of B. bronchiseptica because of its restriction to humans. Nevertheless, the licensed vaccines for each Bordetella are different in terms of formulation, route of administration and immune responses induced, with no known cross-reaction between them. Moreover, the target of the mucosal tissues and the induction of long-lasting cellular and humoral responses are required to control and eliminate Bordetella. In addition, the interaction between both veterinary and human fields are essential for the control of this genus, by preventing the infections in animals and the subsequent zoonotic transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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6
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Gavcovich T, Al Barbandi M, Millan P, Isner E, Defreitas MJ, Glaberson W, Katsoufis CP, Chandar J, Sigurjonsdottir V, Gonzalez IA, Swaminathan S, Zuo Y, Abitbol CL, Seeherunvong W. Case report: Bordetella holmesii: A rare pathogen causing infective endocarditis associated glomerulonephritis. Front Pediatr 2023; 10:1093300. [PMID: 36727008 PMCID: PMC9884818 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1093300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) can cause multiorgan dysfunction and chronic kidney disease, in addition to cardiac sequelae. The presentation may be vague and can manifest as acute glomerulonephritis. While the most common pathogens of infective endocarditis are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, we report a rare pathogen Bordetella holmesii causing infective endocarditis associated glomerulonephritis. A 20-year-old male patient with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and aortopulmonary collaterals underwent several cardiac surgeries including prosthetic pulmonary valve replacement in the past. He was admitted for 3 days at an outside hospital for fever, cough, and hemoptysis, and diagnosed with streptococcal pharyngitis, for which he received antibiotics. Five weeks later, he presented to our institution with lower extremity edema and gross hematuria. On examination, he was afebrile, normotensive, had a 7-kg weight gain with anasarca, and a systolic murmur, without rash. Investigations revealed elevated serum creatinine, nephrotic range proteinuria, hematuria, and hypocomplementemia, consistent with acute glomerulonephritis. Given his cardiac history, blood cultures were collected from three sites. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated when he subsequently developed fever. Renal pathology on biopsy showed diffuse proliferative immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Transesophageal echocardiogram visualized a vegetation on the pulmonary valve. Bordetella holmesii was ultimately cultured from the prior and current hospitalization. A serum sample detecting microbial cell-free DNA sequencing confirmed Bordetella holmesii at very high levels. After completing 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics with concurrent angiotensin receptor blockade, his kidney function recovered with improvement in hypocomplementemia and proteinuria. This case report highlights the early recognition and comprehensive evaluation of a rare organism causing IE-associated GN, which allowed for renal recovery and preserved cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Gavcovich
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Malek Al Barbandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Pamela Millan
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Isner
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marissa J. Defreitas
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wendy Glaberson
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chryso P. Katsoufis
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jayanthi Chandar
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Vaka Sigurjonsdottir
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ivan A. Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sethuraman Swaminathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yiqin Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carolyn L. Abitbol
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wacharee Seeherunvong
- Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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7
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Missed pertussis diagnosis during co-infection with Bordetella holmesii. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:1227-1235. [PMID: 36050561 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify predictive factors associated with missed diagnosis of B. pertussis-B. holmesii co-infection by assessing the analytical performance of a commercially available multiplexed PCR assay and by building a prediction model based on clinical signs and symptoms for detecting co-infections. This is a retrospective study on the electronic health records of all clinical samples that tested positive to either B. pertussis or B. holmesii from January 2015 to January 2018 at Geneva University Hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression was used to build a model for co-infection prediction based on the electronic health record chart review. Limit of detection was determined for all targets of the commercial multiplexed PCR assay used on respiratory samples. A regression model, developed from clinical symptoms and signs, predicted B. pertussis and B. holmesii co-infection with an accuracy of 82.9% (95% CI 67.9-92.8%, p value = .012), for respiratory samples positive with any of the two tested Bordetella species. We found that the LOD of the PCR reaction targeting ptxS1 is higher than that reported by the manufacturer by a factor 10. The current testing strategy misses B. pertussis and B. holmesii co-infections by reporting only B. holmesii infections. Thus, we advocate to perform serological testing for detecting a response against pertussis toxin whenever a sample is found positive for B. holmesii. These findings are important, both from a clinical and epidemiological point of view, as the former impacts the choice of antimicrobial drugs and the latter biases surveillance data, by underestimating B. pertussis infections during co-infections.
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8
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Fong W, Timms V, Sim E, Pey K, Nguyen T, Sintchenko V. Genomic and transcriptomic variation in Bordetella spp. following induction of erythromycin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3016-3025. [PMID: 35971665 PMCID: PMC9616548 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of macrolide resistance in Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene has been recently recognized. However, resistance mechanisms to macrolides in Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella holmesii remain unknown. Objectives This study investigated genomic changes induced by in vitro exposure to erythromycin in these three main pathogens responsible for pertussis-like disease. Methods A set of 10 clinical and reference strains of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. holmesii was exposed to erythromycin for 15 weeks or 30 subculture passages. Antibiotic pressure was achieved by growth on the selective media with erythromycin Etest strips or impregnated discs. Genome polymorphisms and transcriptomic profiles were examined by short- and long-read sequencing of passaged isolates. Results B. parapertussis and B. holmesii isolates developed significant in vitro resistance to erythromycin (MIC >256 mg/L) within 2 to 7 weeks and at 5 to 12 weeks, respectively. B. pertussis remained phenotypically susceptible to the antibiotic following 15 weeks of exposure, with the MIC between 0.032 to 0.38 mg/L. Genomic analysis revealed that B. holmesii developed resistance due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The resistance mechanism in B. parapertussis was hypothesized as being due to upregulation of an efflux pump mechanism. Conclusions These findings indicate that both B. holmesii and B. parapertussis can be more prone to induced resistance following exposure to treatment with erythromycin than B. pertussis. The surveillance of macrolide resistance in Bordetella isolates recovered from patients with pertussis, especially persistent disease, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winkie Fong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Verlaine Timms
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Neilan Laboratory of Microbial and Molecular Diversity, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eby Sim
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Microbial Genomics Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keenan Pey
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Microbial Genomics Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Microbial Genomics Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Bridel S, Bouchez V, Brancotte B, Hauck S, Armatys N, Landier A, Mühle E, Guillot S, Toubiana J, Maiden MCJ, Jolley KA, Brisse S. A comprehensive resource for Bordetella genomic epidemiology and biodiversity studies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3807. [PMID: 35778384 PMCID: PMC9249784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bordetella includes bacteria that are found in the environment and/or associated with humans and other animals. A few closely related species, including Bordetella pertussis, are human pathogens that cause diseases such as whooping cough. Here, we present a large database of Bordetella isolates and genomes and develop genotyping systems for the genus and for the B. pertussis clade. To generate the database, we merge previously existing databases from Oxford University and Institut Pasteur, import genomes from public repositories, and add 83 newly sequenced B. bronchiseptica genomes. The public database currently includes 2582 Bordetella isolates and their provenance data, and 2085 genomes ( https://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/bordetella/ ). We use core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) to develop genotyping systems for the whole genus and for B. pertussis, as well as specific schemes to define antigenic, virulence and macrolide resistance profiles. Phylogenetic analyses allow us to redefine evolutionary relationships among known Bordetella species, and to propose potential new species. Our database provides an expandable resource for genotyping of environmental and clinical Bordetella isolates, thus facilitating evolutionary and epidemiological research on whooping cough and other Bordetella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bridel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bryan Brancotte
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Hauck
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Nathalie Armatys
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Mühle
- Collection de l´Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Keith A Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France. .,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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10
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González-López JJ, Álvarez Aldeán J, Álvarez García FJ, Campins M, Garcés-Sánchez M, Gil-Prieto R, Grande-Tejada AM. Epidemiology, prevention and control of pertussis in Spain: New vaccination strategies for lifelong protection. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:195-203. [PMID: 35473991 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable respiratory tract infection, with high morbidity and mortality and a particularly severe effect on newborns and infants under 2 months. The first pertussis vaccines were introduced in the 1940s. Since 1980, however, the incidence of cases has risen despite the extensive vaccination programmes and antibiotic adjuvant treatments available. Transition from the use of whole-cell vaccines to acellular vaccines and the antigenic modifications of Bordetella pertussis have contributed, among other factors, to a reduction in vaccine-acquired immunity and reemergence of the disease. Today, there are still unmet needs not covered by conventional prevention measures and existing antibiotic treatments. This review aims to update the available data, and to discuss which vaccine strategies might contribute to better disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José González-López
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco José Álvarez García
- Pediatrics, Centro de Salud de Llanera, Asturias, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Magda Campins
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ruth Gil-Prieto
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Zhao L, Cho WC, Luo JL. Exploring the patient-microbiome interaction patterns for pan-cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3068-3079. [PMID: 35782745 PMCID: PMC9233187 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer subtype-specific sets of microbiomes, making pan-cancer heterogeneity at the microbial level. Approximately 60% of the untreated cancer patients have experienced microbial composition changes in their tumor tissues. Colorectal cancer (CRC) was largely composed of two subtypes (S4 and S6) driven by different microbial profiles. The identified seven pan-cancer subtypes with 424 subtype-specific microbial signatures will help us find new therapeutic targets and better treatment strategies for cancer patients.
Microbes play important roles in human health and disease. Immunocompromised cancer patients are more vulnerable to getting microbial infections. Regions of hypoxia and acidic tumor microenvironment shape the microbial community diversity and abundance. Each cancer has its own microbiome, making cancer-specific sets of microbiomes. High-throughput profiling technologies provide a culture-free approach for microbial profiling in tumor samples. Microbial compositional data was extracted and examined from the TCGA unmapped transcriptome data. Biclustering, correlation, and statistical analyses were performed to determine the seven patient-microbe interaction patterns. These two-dimensional patterns consist of a group of microbial species that show significant over-representation over the 7 pan-cancer subtypes (S1-S7), respectively. Approximately 60% of the untreated cancer patients have experienced tissue microbial composition and functional changes between subtypes and normal controls. Among these changes, subtype S5 had loss of microbial diversity as well as impaired immune functions. S1, S2, and S3 had been enriched with microbial signatures derived from the Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, respectively. Colorectal cancer (CRC) was largely composed of two subtypes, namely S4 and S6, driven by different microbial profiles. S4 patients had increased microbial load, and were enriched with CRC-related oncogenic pathways. S6 CRC together with other cancer patients, making up almost 40% of all cases were classified into the S6 subtype, which not only resembled the normal control’s microbiota but also retained their original “normal-like” functions. Lastly, the S7 was a rare and understudied subtype. Our study investigated the pan-cancer heterogeneity at the microbial level. The identified seven pan-cancer subtypes with 424 subtype-specific microbial signatures will help us find new therapeutic targets and better treatment strategies for cancer patients.
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Pegany RB, George RT, Zhang AY. Bordetella Holmesii: An Unusual Cause of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2021; 5:539-541. [PMID: 37007180 PMCID: PMC9976154 DOI: 10.1177/2474126420946637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This case report describes a rare organism causing endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with sickle cell disease. METHODS A case report was conducted. RESULTS A 41-year-old man with sickle cell disease presented with acute onset of blurry vision of the right eye. His visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. He had ophthalmic findings of hypopyon and vitritis in the right eye, consistent with endophthalmitis. He was treated with intravitreal and systemic antibiotics. Vitreous cultures grew Bordetella holmesii. His visual acuity at follow-up visits improved to 20/40 in the setting of improved vitritis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case describing B holmesii, a rare causative organism of endogenous endophthalmitis, in a patient with sickle cell disease. More studies are needed to improve the early detection and treatment of this unusual organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma B. Pegany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roshan T. George
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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13
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Vancraeynest E, Cattoir L, Van Vaerenbergh K, De Beenhouwer H, Vankeerberghen A, Boel A. Bacteremia and complicated parapneumonic effusion caused by Bordetella holmesii in an elderly patient. Acta Clin Belg 2021; 76:307-309. [PMID: 32009598 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1724448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of bacteremia and a complicated parapneumonic effusion caused by Bordetella holmesii, in an elderly patient with underlying chronic hepatitis C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lien Cattoir
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - An Boel
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Aalst, Belgium
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14
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González-López JJ, Álvarez Aldeán J, Álvarez García FJ, Campins M, Garcés-Sánchez M, Gil-Prieto R, Grande-Tejada AM. Epidemiology, prevention and control of pertussis in Spain: New vaccination strategies for lifelong protection. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021:S0213-005X(21)00185-3. [PMID: 34154858 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable respiratory tract infection, with high morbidity and mortality and a particularly severe effect on newborns and infants under 2 months. The first pertussis vaccines were introduced in the 1940s. Since 1980, however, the incidence of cases has risen despite the extensive vaccination programmes and antibiotic adjuvant treatments available. Transition from the use of whole-cell vaccines to acellular vaccines and the antigenic modifications of Bordetella pertussis have contributed, among other factors, to a reduction in vaccine-acquired immunity and reemergence of the disease. Today, there are still unmet needs not covered by conventional prevention measures and existing antibiotic treatments. This review aims to update the available data, and to discuss which vaccine strategies might contribute to better disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José González-López
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco José Álvarez García
- Pediatrics, Centro de Salud de Llanera, Asturias, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Magda Campins
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ruth Gil-Prieto
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Merdrignac L, Aït El Belghiti F, Pandolfi E, Jané M, Murphy J, Fabiánová K, García Cenoz M, Flem E, Guillot S, Tozzi AE, Carmona G, Habington A, Zavadilová J, Navasués A, Bøås H, Lévy-Brühl D, Ferretti B, Lanaspa M, O'Sullivan N, Křížová P, Fernandino L, Bekkevold T, Hanslik T, Muñoz-Almagro C, Bacci S, Spiteri G, Valenciano M, Moren A. Incidence and severity of pertussis hospitalisations in infants aged less than 1 year in 37 hospitals of six EU/EEA countries, results of PERTINENT sentinel pilot surveillance system, December 2015 to December 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 33509338 PMCID: PMC7848786 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.4.1900762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction PERTINENT is a pilot active surveillance system of infants hospitalised with pertussis in six European Union/European Economic Area countries (37 hospitals, seven sites). Aim This observational study aimed to estimate annual pertussis incidence per site from 2016 to 2018 and respective trends between 2017 and 2018. Pertussis cases were described, including their severity. Methods We developed a generic protocol and laboratory guidelines to harmonise practices across sites. Cases were hospitalised infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture. Sites collected demographic, clinical, laboratory data, vaccination status, and risk/protective factors. We estimated sites’ annual incidences by dividing case numbers by the catchment populations. Results From December 2015 to December 2018, we identified 469 cases (247 males; 53%). The median age, birthweight and gestational age were 2.5 months (range: 0–11.6; interquartile range (IQR): 2.5), 3,280 g (range: 700–4,925; IQR: 720) and 39 weeks (range: 25–42; IQR: 2), respectively. Thirty cases (6%) had atypical presentation either with cough or cyanosis only or with absence of pertussis-like symptoms. Of 330 cases with information, 83 (25%) were admitted to intensive care units including five deceased infants too young to be vaccinated. Incidence rate ratios between 2018 and 2017 were 1.43 in Czech Republic (p = 0.468), 0.25 in Catalonia (p = 0.002), 0.71 in France (p = 0.034), 0.14 in Ireland (p = 0.002), 0.63 in Italy (p = 0.053), 0.21 in Navarra (p = 0.148) and zero in Norway. Conclusions Incidence appeared to decrease between 2017 and 2018 in all but one site. Enhanced surveillance of hospitalised pertussis in Europe is essential to monitor pertussis epidemiology and disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mireia Jané
- Epidemiological surveillance and response, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jane Murphy
- Research, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Manuel García Cenoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elmira Flem
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des bactéries et pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alberto E Tozzi
- Chief Innovation Unit and Clinical Trials, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Carmona
- Epidemiological surveillance and response, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adele Habington
- Microbiology, Our Lady's Children's hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ana Navasués
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Håkon Bøås
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Lévy-Brühl
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé Publique France, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Ferretti
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Lanaspa
- Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niam O'Sullivan
- Microbiology, Our Lady's Children's hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pavla Křížová
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leticia Fernandino
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Terese Bekkevold
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Alain Moren
- Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France
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- The members of the network are listed at the end of the article
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16
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Liu D, Du Q, Yuan L, Wang Q, Shi W, Meng Q, Yu D, Yao K. Retrospective analysis of bacterial culture-confirmed pertussis cases in Beijing Children's hospital from 2014 to 2019 reveals prevention and control of the grim situation in mainland China. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:577-583. [PMID: 33691571 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1899822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to explore the epidemiological features of children with bacterial culture-confirmed pertussis visiting Beijing Children's Hospital, China. METHODS From 2014 through 2019, patients with suspected pertussis coming from mainland China provided nasopharyngeal swabs and bacterial culture that was subsequently cultivated. RESULTS During the study period, 6956 children with suspected pertussis from 30 different administrative provinces of mainland China were investigated, of which 1494 cases (21.5%) had positive B. pertussis culture. The number of pertussis cases increased year-on-year, from 122 in 2014 to 279 in 2019. Of the confirmed cases, 38.2% and 26.8% were identified in the summer and autumn, respectively. The age distribution of children with pertussis showed that 77.2% were <12 months old, including 56.0% <6 months old. Only thirteen B. parapertussis isolates and one B. bronchiseptica isolates were collected in the present samples. CONCLUSIONS The present culture-confirmed cases reveal the severe epidemic situation of pertussis spreading over the whole country and mainly affecting the infants. It is necessary to set up hospital-based surveillance with reliable laboratory methods to promote clinical awareness and to monitor the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihu Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Tracheal colonization factor A (TcfA) is a biomarker for rapid and specific detection of Bordetella pertussis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15002. [PMID: 32929160 PMCID: PMC7490692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious disease for which prompt, point-of-care diagnosis remains an unmet clinical need. Results from conventional test modalities (nucleic acid detection, serology, and culture) take hours to days. To overcome this challenge, we identified a new biomarker (tracheal colonization factor A, TcfA) for detection of Bordetella pertussis infection by lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). We developed a library of 28 epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies against TcfA and incorporated three antibodies into a LFIA. The LFIA did not cross-react with common bacterial or fungal organisms, but did react with nine distinct B. pertussis strains. The minimal linear epitope sequences targeted by the LFIA were conserved in 98% of 954 B. pertussis isolates collected across 12 countries from 1949–2017. The LFIA’s limit of detection was 3.0 × 105 CFU/mL with B. pertussis cells in buffer, 6.2 × 105 CFU/mL with nasopharyngeal washes from a non-human primate model, and 2.3 ng/mL with recombinant TcfA. The LFIA reacted with patient nasopharyngeal swab specimens containing as few as 1.8 × 106B. pertussis genomes/mL and showed no false-positives. Rapid (< 20 min) LFIA detection of TcfA as a biomarker for B. pertussis infection is feasible and may facilitate early detection of pertussis.
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Bordetella holmesii Bacteremia and Cellulitis in an Immunocompetent Patient. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fernandez-Pittol M, Bosch J, Morata L, Lozano L, Martínez Pastor JC, Soriano A. Prosthetic joint infection by Bordetella holmesii: Case report and a review of the literature. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 43:391398820912746. [PMID: 32207394 DOI: 10.1177/0391398820912746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bordetella holmesii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus involved in different infections mostly described in case reports. Prosthetic joint infections in relation to this pathogen are rare. Here, we present the third case of B. holmesii in a patient without anatomical or functional spleen dysfunction. CASE REPORT The patient was a 62-year-old female with a total knee prosthesis implanted in 1997 that required multiple replacements of the femoral component due to aseptic loosening in the past years. The patient was admitted to our hospital for an elective replacement surgery due to new radiological signs of loosening. B. holmesii was isolated from synovial fluid obtained during surgery. The identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Antibiotic treatment was started but 14 days after surgery the patient presented pain and joint effusion. An arthrocentesis was performed and synovial fluid culture was positive again for B. holmesii. Surgical debridement including polyethylene replacement was performed and antibiotic treatment was continued for 3 months. After a 2-year follow-up period, the patient remained asymptomatic and physical examination showed normal function of the prosthesis. CONCLUSION B. holmesii is an uncommon cause of bone and joint infections. This case indicates that this microorganism is a potential pathogen of prosthetic or native arthritis, and it should be considered when cultures are negative and in cases presenting torpid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Bosch
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global health (ISGlobal), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Morata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Lozano
- Knee Surgery Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez Pastor
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Surgery, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Soriano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Weigand MR, Peng Y, Batra D, Burroughs M, Davis JK, Knipe K, Loparev VN, Johnson T, Juieng P, Rowe LA, Sheth M, Tang K, Unoarumhi Y, Williams MM, Tondella ML. Conserved Patterns of Symmetric Inversion in the Genome Evolution of Bordetella Respiratory Pathogens. mSystems 2019; 4:e00702-19. [PMID: 31744907 PMCID: PMC6867878 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00702-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough (pertussis), primarily caused by Bordetella pertussis, has resurged in the United States, and circulating strains exhibit considerable chromosome structural fluidity in the form of rearrangement and deletion. The genus Bordetella includes additional pathogenic species infecting various animals, some even causing pertussis-like respiratory disease in humans; however, investigation of their genome evolution has been limited. We studied chromosome structure in complete genome sequences from 167 Bordetella species isolates, as well as 469 B. pertussis isolates, to gain a generalized understanding of rearrangement patterns among these related pathogens. Observed changes in gene order primarily resulted from large inversions and were only detected in species with genomes harboring multicopy insertion sequence (IS) elements, most notably B. holmesii and B. parapertussis While genomes of B. pertussis contain >240 copies of IS481, IS elements appear less numerous in other species and yield less chromosome structural diversity through rearrangement. These data were further used to predict all possible rearrangements between IS element copies present in Bordetella genomes, revealing that only a subset is observed among circulating strains. Therefore, while it appears that rearrangement occurs less frequently in other species than in B. pertussis, these clinically relevant respiratory pathogens likely experience similar mutation of gene order. The resulting chromosome structural fluidity presents both challenges and opportunity for the study of Bordetella respiratory pathogens.IMPORTANCE Bordetella pertussis is the primary agent of whooping cough (pertussis). The Bordetella genus includes additional pathogens of animals and humans, including some that cause pertussis-like respiratory illness. The chromosome of B. pertussis has previously been shown to exhibit considerable structural rearrangement, but insufficient data have prevented comparable investigation in related species. In this study, we analyze chromosome structure variation in several Bordetella species to gain a generalized understanding of rearrangement patterns in this genus. Just as in B. pertussis, we observed inversions in other species that likely result from common mutational processes. We used these data to further predict additional, unobserved inversions, suggesting that specific genome structures may be preferred in each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Weigand
- Division of Bacterial Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Division of Bacterial Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dhwani Batra
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark Burroughs
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jamie K Davis
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristen Knipe
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vladimir N Loparev
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taccara Johnson
- Division of Bacterial Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Phalasy Juieng
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lori A Rowe
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mili Sheth
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin Tang
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yvette Unoarumhi
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret M Williams
- Division of Bacterial Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M Lucia Tondella
- Division of Bacterial Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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21
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Wi CI, Wheeler PH, Kaur H, Ryu E, Kim D, Juhn Y. Spatio-temporal comparison of pertussis outbreaks in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2004-2005 and 2012: a population-based study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025521. [PMID: 31110089 PMCID: PMC6530371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two pertussis outbreaks occurred in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during 2004-2005 and 2012 (5-10 times higher than other years), with significantly higher incidence than for the State. We aimed to assess whether there were similar spatio-temporal patterns between the two outbreaks. SETTING Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all Olmsted County residents during the 2004-2005 and 2012 outbreaks, including laboratory-positive pertussis cases. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE For each outbreak, we estimated (1) age-specific incidence rate using laboratory-positive pertussis cases (numerator) and the Rochester Epidemiology Project Census (denominator), a medical record-linkage system for virtually all Olmsted County residents, and (2) pertussis case density using kernel density estimation to identify areas with high case density. To account for population size, we calculated relative difference of observed density and expected density based on age-specific incidence. RESULTS We identified 157 and 195 geocoded cases in 2004-2005 and 2012, respectively. Incidence was the highest among adolescents (ages 11 to <14 years) for both outbreaks (9.6 and 7.9 per 1000). The 2004-2005 pertussis outbreak had higher incidence in winter (52% of cases) versus summer in 2012 (53%). We identified a consistent area with higher incidence at the beginning (ie, first quartile) of two outbreaks, but it was inconsistent for later quartiles. The relative difference maps for the two outbreaks suggest a greater role of neighbourhood population size in 2012 compared with 2004-2005. CONCLUSIONS Comparing spatio-temporal patterns between two pertussis outbreaks identified a consistent geographical area with higher incidence of pertussis at the beginning of outbreaks in this community. This finding can be tested in future outbreaks, and, if confirmed, can be used for identifying epidemiological risk factors clustered in such areas for geographically targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Il Wi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Philip H Wheeler
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harsheen Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Univeristy of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dohyeong Kim
- Geospatial Health Research Group, School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Young Juhn
- Department of Community Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Toubiana J, Azarnoush S, Bouchez V, Landier A, Guillot S, Matczak S, Bonacorsi S, Brisse S. Bordetella parapertussis Bacteremia: Clinical Expression and Bacterial Genomics. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz122. [PMID: 30976607 PMCID: PMC6453521 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough's primary etiological agent is Bordetella pertussis. The closely related Bordetella parapertussis rarely causes severe disease. Here we report an unusual case of bacteremia caused by B. parapertussis, review the literature, and characterize the genomic sequence of the bacterial isolate in comparison with B. parapertussis isolates from respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Paris, France.,Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Saba Azarnoush
- Department of Hematology, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Matczak
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Paris, France
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González MM, Romano MPC, de Guzmán García Monge MT, Martín BB, García AS. Bordetella hinzii Endocarditis, A Clinical Case Not Previously Described. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2019; 6:000994. [PMID: 30931262 PMCID: PMC6432829 DOI: 10.12890/2019_000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review infections by Bordetella hinzii. Materials and methods A 79-year-old male patient, with a chronic aortic valve biological prosthesis, presented to hospital because of fever. First examinations were normal. However, 72 hours later B. hinzii was isolated in blood cultures, and so meropenem was prescribed. Nevertheless, fever and B. hinzii bacteraemia were still present 7 days later. Results The transoesophageal echocardiogram revealed an enlarged image suggesting a periprosthetic abscess, confirmed with a PET-CT scan. The patient was sent for cardiac surgery, and biopsy samples confirmed the presence of B. hinzii. Conclusion There are very few cases of B. hinzii infection in humans. Ours is the first described case of B. hinzii endocarditis. LEARNING POINTS
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mateos González
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Parla, Madrid
| | | | | | | | - Aída Sánchez García
- Central Laboratory, BR Salud, Infanta Sofía Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid
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Validation and Implementation of a Diagnostic Algorithm for DNA Detection of Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. holmesii in a Pediatric Referral Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01231-18. [PMID: 30404946 PMCID: PMC6322476 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01231-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a comprehensive diagnostic protocol based on real-time PCR for the rapid detection and identification of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella holmesii, as well as its implementation in the diagnostic routine of a reference children's hospital. The new algorithm included a triplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting IS481 gene (in B. pertussis, B. holmesii, and some Bordetella bronchiseptica strains), pIS1001 (B. parapertussis-specific) and rnase P as the human internal control. Two confirmatory singleplex tests for B. pertussis (ptxA-Pr) and B. holmesii (hIS1001) were performed if IS481 was positive. Analytical validation included determination of linear range, linearity, efficiency, precision, sensitivity, and a reference panel with clinical samples. Once validated, the new algorithm was prospectively implemented in children with clinical suspicion of whooping cough presenting to Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (Barcelona, Spain) over 12 months. Lower limits of detection obtained were 4.4, 13.9, and 27.3 genomic equivalents/ml of sample for IS481 (on B. pertussis), pIS1001 and hIS1001, and 777.9 for ptxA-Pr. qPCR efficiencies ranged from 86.0% to 96.9%. Intra- and interassay variabilities were <3% and <5%, respectively. Among 566 samples analyzed, B. pertussis, B. holmesii, and B. parapertussis were detected in 11.1%, 0.9% (only in females >4 years old), and 0.2% of samples, respectively. The new algorithm proved to be a useful microbiological diagnostic tool for whooping cough, demonstrating a low rate of other non-pertussis Bordetella species in our surveilled area.
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Bordetella holmesii Contamination of Platelet Concentrates: Revisiting the Definition of a Positive Culture. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01105-18. [PMID: 30158191 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01105-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination remains the most important infectious risk of platelet transfusion. After an initially positive result, a second test is performed on the blood products and the initial culture bottle to confirm the contamination. Based on the blood center's decision algorithm used, results can be either confirmed negative, positive, or indeterminate, or be unconfirmed or discordant. Here, we report the first cases of platelet concentrates contaminated with Bordetella holmesii The in vitro growth characteristics of this unusual contaminant in platelet concentrate were investigated. Two B. holmesii strains isolated from platelet concentrates, as well as a control strain (Serratia marcescens), were spiked into platelet concentrates (PCs) at 1 and 10 CFU/ml. PCs were stored at 20 to 24°C under agitation. Samples were collected on days 2, 3, 4, and 7 for colony count and for bacterial screening using the BacT/Alert 3D system. Two PCs were detected as being positive for B. holmesii However, recultures were negative. In vitro, B. holmesii did not grow but remained detectable in PCs. Its viability diminished rapidly in contact with human plasma. Upon screening using the BacT/Alert 3D system, the majority of products spiked with B. holmesii were negative. This is the first description of PCs contaminated with B. holmesii This bacterium survives in blood products and remains dormant at low concentrations in blood products stored at room temperature, thus making difficult its detection with the BacT/Alert 3D system. The present definition of a true-positive culture of PCs may be overly restrictive for certain bacterial strains.
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Spondylodiscitis caused by Bordetella holmesii, a misrecognized pathogen emerging in invasive infections. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 75:95-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Boehm DT, Hall JM, Wong TY, DiVenere AM, Sen-Kilic E, Bevere JR, Bradford SD, Blackwood CB, Elkins CM, DeRoos KA, Gray MC, Cooper CG, Varney ME, Maynard JA, Hewlett EL, Barbier M, Damron FH. Evaluation of Adenylate Cyclase Toxoid Antigen in Acellular Pertussis Vaccines by Using a Bordetella pertussis Challenge Model in Mice. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00857-17. [PMID: 30012638 PMCID: PMC6204743 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00857-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the primary causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough), which is a respiratory infection that leads to a violent cough and can be fatal in infants. There is a need to develop more effective vaccines because of the resurgence of cases of pertussis in the United States since the switch from the whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP) to the acellular pertussis vaccines (aP; diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis vaccine/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine). Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is a major virulence factor of B. pertussis that is (i) required for establishment of infection, (ii) an effective immunogen, and (iii) a protective antigen. The C-terminal repeats-in-toxin domain (RTX) of ACT is sufficient to induce production of toxin-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we characterized the effectiveness of vaccines containing the RTX antigen against experimental murine infection with B. pertussis RTX was not protective as a single-antigen vaccine against B. pertussis challenge, and adding RTX to 1/5 human dose of aP did not enhance protection. Since the doses of aP used in murine studies are not proportionate to mouse/human body masses, we titrated the aP from 1/20 to 1/160 of the human dose. Mice receiving 1/80 human aP dose had bacterial burden comparable to those of naive controls. Adding RTX antigen to the 1/80 aP base resulted in enhanced bacterial clearance. Inclusion of RTX induced production of antibodies recognizing RTX, enhanced production of anti-pertussis toxin, decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6, and decreased recruitment of total macrophages in the lung. This study shows that adding RTX antigen to an appropriate dose of aP can enhance protection against B. pertussis challenge in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea M DiVenere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shelby D Bradford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Catherine B Blackwood
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Cody M Elkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine A DeRoos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mary C Gray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - C Garret Cooper
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Melinda E Varney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer A Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Erik L Hewlett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Mir-Cros A, Codina G, Martín-Gómez MT, Fàbrega A, Martínez X, Jané M, Van Esso D, Cornejo T, Rodrigo C, Campins M, Pumarola T, González-López JJ. Emergence of Bordetella holmesii as a Causative Agent of Whooping Cough, Barcelona, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1856-1859. [PMID: 29052540 PMCID: PMC5652430 DOI: 10.3201/eid2311.170960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the detection of Bordetella holmesii as a cause of whooping cough in Spain. Prevalence was 3.9% in 2015, doubling to 8.8% in 2016. This emergence raises concern regarding the contribution of B. holmesii to the reemergence of whooping cough and the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine.
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Detection and incidence of Bordetella holmesii in respiratory specimens from patients with pertussis-like symptoms in New South Wales, Australia. Pathology 2018; 50:322-326. [PMID: 29455870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the aetiological agent of whooping cough is routinely diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directed at IS481, an insertion sequence target also found in Bordetella holmesii. Recent reports have suggested that B. holmesii infections can be misdiagnosed as pertussis, which can have a significant impact on public health surveillance. This study investigated the presence of B. holmesii in B. pertussis positive clinical samples, in order to determine the incidence of B. holmesii. Clinical cases of pertussis diagnosed by IS481-specific PCR between October 2008 and March 2016 in New South Wales were included. Bordetella holmesii was detected through the simultaneous amplification of IS481 and B. holmesii specific insertions sequence, hIS1001. A total of 46 of 802 patients were identified to be positive for B. holmesii rather than B. pertussis, suggesting an incidence rate of 6.5% in 2009, 16.8% in 2010, 7.6% during 2013 and 8.1% during 2015. Bordetella holmesii infections were diagnosed during and between pertussis epidemics, however cases of B. holmesii and B. pertussis co-infections were not found. The predominant age group of B. holmesii infection was 11-18 years old, which was significantly different to the mean age of B. pertussis infections (0-6 years, p = 0.023). These findings revealed that B. holmesii was co-circulating alongside the B. pertussis epidemic for seven years, hidden from view, as B. holmesii infections have been diagnosed as B. pertussis. Confirmatory testing of B. pertussis positive samples for the presence of B. holmesii, especially during pertussis epidemics, should improve the quality of laboratory diagnosis and laboratory surveillance for pertussis. The presence of B. holmesii in Australia highlights the importance of testing for this pathogen and ongoing molecular surveillance that can guide the control of whooping cough.
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Wagner K, Springer B, Imkamp F, Opota O, Greub G, Keller PM. Detection of respiratory bacterial pathogens causing atypical pneumonia by multiplex Lightmix ® RT-PCR. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:317-323. [PMID: 29397298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a severe infectious disease. In addition to common viruses and bacterial pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae), fastidious respiratory pathogens like Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella spp. can cause severe atypical pneumonia. They do not respond to penicillin derivatives, which may cause failure of antibiotic empirical therapy. The same applies for infections with B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, the cause of pertussis disease, that may present atypically and need to be treated with macrolides. Moreover, these fastidious bacteria are difficult to identify by culture or serology, and therefore often remain undetected. Thus, rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens causing atypical pneumonia is crucial. We performed a retrospective method evaluation study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the new, commercially available Lightmix® multiplex RT-PCR assay that detects these fastidious bacterial pathogens causing atypical pneumonia. In this retrospective study, 368 clinical respiratory specimens, obtained from patients suffering from atypical pneumonia that have been tested negative for the presence of common agents of pneumonia by culture and viral PCR, were investigated. These clinical specimens have been previously characterized by singleplex RT-PCR assays in our diagnostic laboratory and were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the respiratory multiplex Lightmix® RT-PCR. The multiplex RT-PCR displayed a limit of detection between 5 and 10 DNA copies for different in-panel organisms and showed identical performance characteristics with respect to specificity and sensitivity as in-house singleplex RT-PCRs for pathogen detection. The Lightmix® multiplex RT-PCR assay represents a low-cost, time-saving and accurate diagnostic tool with high throughput potential. The time-to-result using an automated DNA extraction device for respiratory specimens followed by multiplex RT-PCR detection was below 4 h, which is expected to significantly improve diagnostics for atypical pneumonia-associated bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkard Springer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Imkamp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onya Opota
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Keller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Whole-Genome Sequences of Bacteremia Isolates of Bordetella holmesii. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/39/e01023-17. [PMID: 28963213 PMCID: PMC5624759 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01023-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella holmesii causes respiratory and invasive diseases in humans, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. We report here the genome sequences of seven bacteremia isolates of B. holmesii, including the type strain. Comparative analysis of these sequences may aid studies of B. holmesii biology and assist in the development of species-specific diagnostic strategies.
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Abstract
Since the first description of Bordetella holmesii in 1995, almost 100 publications have contributed to the increasing knowledge of this emerging bacterium. Although first reported to induce bacteremia mainly in immunocompromised patients, it has also been isolated in healthy persons and has shown the capacity to induce pertussis-like symptoms and other clinical entities, such as meningitis, arthritis, or endocarditis. Respiratory diseases are generally less severe than those induced by Bordetella pertussis. However, B. holmesii was found to have a higher capacity of invasiveness given the various infection sites in which it was isolated. The diagnosis is difficult, particularly as it is a slow-growing organism but also because respiratory infections are systematically misdiagnosed as B. pertussis. Treatment is delicate, as its susceptibility to macrolides (prescribed in respiratory infections) and ceftriaxone (used in invasive disease) is challenged. Regarding prevention, there is no consensus on prophylactic treatment following index cases and no vaccine is available. Epidemiological data are also sparse, with few prevalence studies available. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on B. holmesii.
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Relationship of the Middle Ear Effusion Microbiome to Secretory Mucin Production in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Otitis Media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:635-640. [PMID: 28027286 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute otitis media, an infection of the middle ear, can become chronic after multiple episodes. Microbial influence on chronic otitis media remains unclear. It has been reported that mucin glycoproteins are required for middle ear immune defense against pathogens. We aim to characterize the middle ear effusion (MEE) microbiome using high-throughput sequencing and assess potential associations in microbiome diversity with the presence of the secretory mucins MUC5B and MUC5AC. We hypothesize that MEEs containing MUC5B will exhibit a microbiome largely devoid of typical acute otitis media bacteria. METHODS Fifty-five MEEs from children undergoing myringotomy at Children's National Health System were recovered. Mucin was semiquantitatively determined through Western blot analysis. DNA was subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Raw data were processed in mothur (SILVA reference database). Alpha- and beta-diversity metrics were determined. Abundance differences between sample groups were estimated. RESULTS MUC5B was present in 94.5% and MUC5AC in 65.5% of MEEs. Sequencing revealed 39 genera with a relative abundance ≥0.1%. Haemophilus (22.54%), Moraxella (11.11%) and Turicella (7.84%) were the most abundant. Turicella and Pseudomonas proportions were greater in patients older than 24 months of age. In patients with hearing loss, Haemophilus was more abundant, while Turicella and Actinobacteria were less abundant. Haemophilus was also more abundant in samples containing both secretory mucins. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome of MEEs from children with chronic otitis media differs according to specific clinical features, such as mucin content, age and presence of hearing loss. These associations provide novel pathophysiologic insights across the spectrum of otitis media progression.
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Katfy K, Guiso N, Diawara I, Zerouali K, Slaoui B, Jouhadi Z, Zineddine A, Belabbes H, Elmdaghri N. Epidemiology of pertussis in Casablanca (Morocco): contribution of conventional and molecular diagnosis tools. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:348. [PMID: 28511667 PMCID: PMC5434547 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pertussis, a vaccine preventable disease, is still responsible of significant morbidity and mortality around the world, mostly in newborns. The aim of the present study was (1) to introduce pertussis surveillance in the major pediatric hospital of Casablanca (2) to analyze the prevalence of pertussis among children under 14 years of age and their entourage in Casablanca, Morocco. Methods This is a prospective and non-case controlled study, including children suspected of Pertussis admitted at the Abderrahim Harouchi Pediatric Hospital in Casablanca, from January 2013 to June 2015. Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained for Bordetella spp. culture and Real time PCR detection (RT-PCR) with specific primers of Bordetella spp., B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. holmesii. The detection of Bordetella spp. was also performed in some household contacts of the children suspected of pertussis. Results During the 2.5-years period, a total of 282 samples were collected from hospitalized children (156) and in some of their contacts (126). Among 156 samples from the children (from whom 57% were under 2 month of age), Bordetella DNA was detected in 61% (96/156) by RT-PCR. Among these positive samples, 91.7% (88/96) corresponded to B. pertussis DNA. Furthermore, in 39.5% (38/96) of the Bordetella positive samples, B. holmesii DNA was also detected. B. parapertussis DNA was detected in only one sample (1/156). Out of the 156 samples collected from the hospitalized children, only 48 were tested by culture, and 4 B. pertussis were isolated (8.3%). Among the 126 samples from the contacts of the children, mostly mothers (115 cases), Bordetella DNA was detected in 47% (59/126), 90% (53/59) being B. pertussis DNA. Moreover, B. holmesii DNA was also detected in 18.6% (11/59) of the Bordetella positive samples, and coexistence of B. pertussis and B. holmesii DNA in 36.5% (35/96). Two B. pertussis were isolated by culture performed on 43 samples of the contacts of the children (4.6%). Conclusions This study highlights the circulation of B. pertussis but also of B. holmesii in Casablanca-Morocco with a high proportion of co-infections B. holmesii/B. pertussis in infants and their mothers, indicate that infection of non-vaccinated infants could be more associated with young parents. Moreover, the RT- PCR provides a sensitive and specific diagnosis of B. pertussis infections and distinguishes it from other Bordetella species, and is therefore suitable for implementation in the diagnostic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Katfy
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B, P 5696, Casablanca, Morocco. .,Service de Microbiologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, B, P 2698, Casablanca, Morocco. .,Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Nicole Guiso
- Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Idrissa Diawara
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B, P 5696, Casablanca, Morocco.,Service de Microbiologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, B, P 2698, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B, P 5696, Casablanca, Morocco.,Service de Microbiologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, B, P 2698, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Slaoui
- Service des Maladies Respiratoires Pédiatriques, Hôpital d'Enfants Abderrahim Harouchi, CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Zineb Jouhadi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses Pédiatriques, Hôpital d'Enfants Abderrahim Harouchi, CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhadi Zineddine
- Service d'Accueil des Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital d'Enfants Abderrahim Harouchi, CHU Ibn Rochd de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houria Belabbes
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B, P 5696, Casablanca, Morocco.,Service de Microbiologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, B, P 2698, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Elmdaghri
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B, P 5696, Casablanca, Morocco.,Service de Microbiologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, B, P 2698, Casablanca, Morocco
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Martini H, Detemmerman L, Soetens O, Yusuf E, Piérard D. Improving specificity of Bordetella pertussis detection using a four target real-time PCR. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175587. [PMID: 28403204 PMCID: PMC5389834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of whooping cough, a contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, is on the rise despite existing vaccination programmes. Similar, though usually milder, respiratory symptoms may be caused by other members of the Bordetella genus: B. parapertussis, B. holmesii, and B. bronchiseptica. Pertussis diagnosis is mostly done using PCR, but the use of multiple targets is necessary in order to differentiate the different Bordetella spp. with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In this study we evaluate a multiplex PCR assay for the differentiation of B. pertussis from other Bordetella spp., using the targets IS481, IS1001, IS1002, and recA. Moreover, we retrospectively explore the epidemiology of Bordetella spp. infections in Belgium, using the aforementioned assay over a three-year period, from 2013 until 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Martini
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Liselot Detemmerman
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oriane Soetens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erlangga Yusuf
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Piérard
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control and Belgian National Reference Centre for Bordetella Pertussis, Brussels, Belgium
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Saito M, Odanaka K, Otsuka N, Kamachi K, Watanabe M. Development of vaccines against pertussis caused by Bordetella holmesii using a mouse intranasal challenge model. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:599-608. [PMID: 27515393 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella holmesii is recognized as the third causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough) in addition to Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. Pertussis caused by B. holmesii is not rare around the world. However, to date, there is no effective vaccine against B. holmesii. We examined the protective potency of pertussis vaccines available in Japan and vaccines prepared from B. holmesii. A murine model of respiratory infection was exploited to evaluate protective potency. No Japanese commercial pertussis vaccines were effective against B. holmesii. In contrast, a wBH vaccine and an aBH vaccine prepared from B. holmesii were both protective. Passive immunization with sera from mice immunized with aBH vaccine established protection against B. holmesii, indicating that B. holmesii-specific serum antibodies might play an important role in protection. Immuno-proteomic analysis with sera from mice immunized with aBH vaccine revealed that the sera recognized a BipA-like protein of B. holmesii. An aBH vaccine prepared from a BipA-like protein-deficient mutant strain did not have a protective effect against B. holmesii. Taken together, our results suggest that the BipA-like protein plays an important role in the protective efficacy of aBH vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Saito
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Keita Odanaka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nao Otsuka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kamachi
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Mineo Watanabe
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan. .,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Cooke FJ, Slack MP. Gram-Negative Coccobacilli. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Greub G, Sahli R, Brouillet R, Jaton K. Ten years of R&D and full automation in molecular diagnosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:403-25. [PMID: 27028061 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-year experience of our automated molecular diagnostic platform that carries out 91 different real-time PCR is described. Progresses and future perspectives in molecular diagnostic microbiology are reviewed: why automation is important; how our platform was implemented; how homemade PCRs were developed; the advantages/disadvantages of homemade PCRs, including the critical aspects of troubleshooting and the need to further reduce the turnaround time for specific samples, at least for defined clinical settings such as emergencies. The future of molecular diagnosis depends on automation, and in a novel perspective, it is time now to fully acknowledge the true contribution of molecular diagnostic and to reconsider the indication for PCR, by also using these tests as first-line assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland Sahli
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Brouillet
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Jaton
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Domenech de Cellès M, Magpantay FMG, King AA, Rohani P. The pertussis enigma: reconciling epidemiology, immunology and evolution. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:rspb.2015.2309. [PMID: 26763701 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, a highly contagious respiratory infection, remains a public health priority despite the availability of vaccines for 70 years. Still a leading cause of mortality in developing countries, pertussis has re-emerged in several developed countries with high vaccination coverage. Resurgence of pertussis in these countries has routinely been attributed to increased awareness of the disease, imperfect vaccinal protection or high infection rates in adults. In this review, we first present 1980-2012 incidence data from 63 countries and show that pertussis resurgence is not universal. We further argue that the large geographical variation in trends probably precludes a simple explanation, such as the transition from whole-cell to acellular pertussis vaccines. Reviewing available evidence, we then propose that prevailing views on pertussis epidemiology are inconsistent with both historical and contemporary data. Indeed, we summarize epidemiological evidence showing that natural infection and vaccination both appear to provide long-term protection against transmission and disease, so that previously infected or vaccinated adults contribute little to overall transmission at a population level. Finally, we identify several promising avenues that may lead to a consistent explanation of global pertussis epidemiology and to more effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia M G Magpantay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aaron A King
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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The persistence of pertussis and developments in vaccination strategies. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2016; 3:668-670. [PMID: 26380881 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervos MJ, Schmitt HJ. Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:449-86. [PMID: 27029594 PMCID: PMC4861987 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00083-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution of B. pertussis strains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmit B. pertussis to younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding of B. pertussis pathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcus J Zervos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Paris, France Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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MAGPANTAY FMG, DE CELLÉS MDOMENECH, ROHANI P, KING AA. Pertussis immunity and epidemiology: mode and duration of vaccine-induced immunity. Parasitology 2016; 143:835-849. [PMID: 26337864 PMCID: PMC4792787 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of pertussis in some countries that maintain high vaccination coverage has drawn attention to gaps in our understanding of the epidemiological effects of pertussis vaccines. In particular, major questions surround the nature, degree and durability of vaccine protection. To address these questions, we used mechanistic transmission models to examine regional time series incidence data from Italy in the period immediately following the introduction of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine. Our results concur with recent animal-challenge experiments wherein infections in aP-vaccinated individuals proved as transmissible as those in naive individuals but much less symptomatic. On the other hand, the data provide evidence for vaccine-driven reduction in susceptibility, which we quantify via a synthetic measure of vaccine impact. As to the precise nature of vaccine failure, the data do not allow us to distinguish between leakiness and waning of vaccine immunity, or some combination of these. Across the range of well-supported models, the nature and duration of vaccine protection, the age profile of incidence and the range of projected epidemiological futures differ substantially, underscoring the importance of the remaining unknowns. We identify key data gaps: sources of data that can supply the information needed to eliminate these remaining uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. M. G. MAGPANTAY
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M. DOMENECH DE CELLÉS
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P. ROHANI
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A. A. KING
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Humphrey JM, Lacaille SNJ, Patel K, Thompson E, Tulumba S, Healey JH, Gilhuley KA, Babady NE, Kamboj M, Mead PA. Prosthetic-Joint-Associated Bordetella holmesii Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv169. [PMID: 26688826 PMCID: PMC4682186 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella holmesii is a globally distributed pathogen that is increasingly recognized as a cause of both pertussis-like respiratory infections and invasive disease. In this study, we describe a case of an immunocompetent man who developed B holmesii infection of his femoral prosthesis—the fifth B holmesii orthopedic infection reported in literature to date. This article highlights the potentially underrecognized role of B holmesii in orthopedic infections by reviewing these previously reported cases in the context of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Humphrey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Sherard N J Lacaille
- Critical Care Medicine Service, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Krutika Patel
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Erin Thompson
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Steve Tulumba
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | - N Esther Babady
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - Mini Kamboj
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Peter A Mead
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
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Ivanov YV, Shariat N, Register KB, Linz B, Rivera I, Hu K, Dudley EG, Harvill ET. A newly discovered Bordetella species carries a transcriptionally active CRISPR-Cas with a small Cas9 endonuclease. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:863. [PMID: 26502932 PMCID: PMC4624362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated genes (cas) are widely distributed among bacteria. These systems provide adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements specified by the spacer sequences stored within the CRISPR. Methods The CRISPR-Cas system has been identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) against other sequenced and annotated genomes and confirmed via CRISPRfinder program. Using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Sanger DNA sequencing, we discovered CRISPRs in additional bacterial isolates of the same species of Bordetella. Transcriptional activity and processing of the CRISPR have been assessed via RT-PCR. Results Here we describe a novel Type II-C CRISPR and its associated genes—cas1, cas2, and cas9—in several isolates of a newly discovered Bordetella species. The CRISPR-cas locus, which is absent in all other Bordetella species, has a significantly lower GC-content than the genome-wide average, suggesting acquisition of this locus via horizontal gene transfer from a currently unknown source. The CRISPR array is transcribed and processed into mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNA), some of which have homology to prophages found in closely related species B. hinzii. Conclusions Expression of the CRISPR-Cas system and processing of crRNAs with perfect homology to prophages present in closely related species, but absent in that containing this CRISPR-Cas system, suggest it provides protection against phage predation. The 3,117-bp cas9 endonuclease gene from this novel CRISPR-Cas system is 990 bp smaller than that of Streptococcus pyogenes, the 4,017-bp allele currently used for genome editing, and which may make it a useful tool in various CRISPR-Cas technologies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2028-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Nikki Shariat
- Department of Food Science, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Present address: Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA.
| | - Karen B Register
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Israel Rivera
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Edward G Dudley
- Department of Food Science, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Laboratory-based surveillance of pertussis using multitarget real-time PCR in Japan: evidence for Bordetella pertussis infection in preteens and teens. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 8:70-4. [PMID: 27076914 PMCID: PMC4815931 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Between January 2013 and December 2014, we conducted laboratory-based surveillance of pertussis using multitarget real-time PCR, which discriminates among Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Bordetella holmesii and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Of 355 patients clinically diagnosed with pertussis in Japan, B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and M. pneumoniae were detected in 26% (n = 94), 1.1% (n = 4) and 0.6% (n = 2), respectively, whereas B. holmesii was not detected. It was confirmed that B. parapertussis and M. pneumoniae are also responsible for causing pertussis-like illness. The positive rates for B. pertussis ranged from 16% to 49%, depending on age. Infants aged ≤ 3 months had the highest rate (49%), and children aged 1 to 4 years had the lowest rate (16%, p < 0.01 vs. infants aged ≤ 3 months). Persons aged 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years also showed high positive rates (29% each); the positive rates were not statistically significant compared with that of infants aged ≤ 3 months (p ≥ 0.06). Our observations indicate that similar to infants, preteens and teens are at high risk of B. pertussis infection.
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Abstract
The introduction of vaccination in the 1950s significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of pertussis. However, since the 1990s, a resurgence of pertussis has been observed in vaccinated populations, and a number of causes have been proposed for this phenomenon, including improved diagnostics, increased awareness, waning immunity, and pathogen adaptation. The resurgence of pertussis highlights the importance of standardized, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnoses, the lack of which is responsible for the large differences in pertussis notifications between countries. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is also important for distinguishing between the several etiologic agents of pertussis-like diseases, which involve both viruses and bacteria. If pertussis is diagnosed in a timely manner, antibiotic treatment of the patient can mitigate the symptoms and prevent transmission. During an outbreak, timely diagnosis of pertussis allows prophylactic treatment of infants too young to be (fully) vaccinated, for whom pertussis is a severe, sometimes fatal disease. Finally, reliable diagnosis of pertussis is required to reveal trends in the (age-specific) disease incidence, which may point to changes in vaccine efficacy, waning immunity, and the emergence of vaccine-adapted strains. Here we review current approaches to the diagnosis of pertussis and discuss their limitations and strengths. In particular, we emphasize that the optimal diagnostic procedure depends on the stage of the disease, the age of the patient, and the vaccination status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke van der Zee
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frits R Mooi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bouchez V, Guiso N. Bordetella pertussis,B. parapertussis, vaccines and cycles of whooping cough. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv055. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pittet LF, Posfay-Barbe KM. Bordetella holmesiiinfection: current knowledge and a vision for future research. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:965-71. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1056161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Orellana-Peralta F, Jacinto M, Pons MJ, Gomes C, Bada C, Reyes I, Del Valle Mendoza J, Ruiz J. Characterization of two Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates from patients with pertussis-like symptoms. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015. [PMID: 26194831 PMCID: PMC7104947 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize two Achromobacter xylosoxidans recovered from 2 patients diagnosed with pertussis during a Bordetella pertussis surveillance program. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs from 2 children under 1 year of age with clinical suspicion of pertussis were analyzed by culture and PCR. Results Two Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8, closely related to Bordetella spp. were recovered from 2 patients diagnosed of pertussis, both carrying the ptxA gene and IS418 the pertussis toxin encoding gene. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk-diffusion method and by PCR. Conclusions Although more detailed studies are needed, the present data highlight the possibility that Achromobacter xylosoxidans, closely related Bordetella pertusssis microorganisms and not covered under the vaccine umbrella, might also result in cases of whooping cough. Thereby further surveillance is necessary to determine the extension and relevance of their pathogenic role in order to discriminate their real public health implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Orellana-Peralta
- Centro de Investigación de la, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas-UPC, Lima, Peru
| | - Michelle Jacinto
- Centro de Investigación de la, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas-UPC, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria J Pons
- Centro de Investigación de la, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas-UPC, Lima, Peru
| | - Cláudia Gomes
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Bada
- Hospital de Emergencias Pediatricas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Juana Del Valle Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación de la, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas-UPC, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Almuzara M, Barberis C, Traglia G, Sly G, Procopio A, Vilches V, Ramirez MS, Famiglietti A, Vay C. Isolation of Bordetella species from unusual infection sites. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Almuzara
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Barberis
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Traglia
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA‐CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sly
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Procopio
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Vilches
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Soledad Ramirez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA‐CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angela Famiglietti
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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