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Li Y, Xu X, Wu X, Li J, Chen S, Chen D, Li G, Tang Z. Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:632-645. [PMID: 38886930 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as 'cell polarization.' There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations (microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Hu B, Pei J, Wan C, Liu S, Xu Z, Zou Y, Li Z, Tang Z. Mechanisms of Postischemic Stroke Angiogenesis: A Multifaceted Approach. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4625-4646. [PMID: 39045531 PMCID: PMC11264385 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke constitutes a significant global health care challenge, and a comprehensive understanding of its recovery mechanisms is imperative for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis, a pivotal element of ischemic tissue repair, facilitates the restoration of blood flow to damaged regions, thereby promoting neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying postischemic stroke angiogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. This review meticulously examines the constituents of the neurovascular unit, ion channels, molecular mediators, and signaling pathways implicated in angiogenesis following stroke. Furthermore, it delves into prospective therapeutic strategies informed by these factors. Our objective is to provide detailed and exhaustive information on the intricate mechanisms governing postischemic stroke angiogenesis, thus providing a robust scientific foundation for the advancement of novel neurorepair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Lin SL, Lee W, Liu SP, Chang YW, Jeng LB, Shyu WC. Novel Programmed Death Ligand 1-AKT-engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neuroplasticity to Target Stroke Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3819-3835. [PMID: 38030932 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Although tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and endovascular thrombectomy are well-established treatments for acute ischemic stroke, over half of patients with stroke remain disabled for a long time. Thus, a significant unmet need exists to develop an effective strategy for treating acute stroke. We developed a combination of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and AKT-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSC-PD-L1-AKT) implanted through intravenous (IV) and intracarotid (IA) routes to enhance therapeutic efficacy in a murine stroke model for overcoming the hypoxic environment of the ischemic brain, to prolong stem cell survival, and to attenuate systemic inflammation to protect neuroglial cells from ischemic injury. Higher cellular proliferation and survival upon exposure to toxic agents were observed in UMSC-PD-L1-AKT cells than in UMSCs in vitro. Moreover, increased attenuation of CFSE+ cell proliferation and increased survival of primary cortical cells were verified by the interaction with UMSC-PD-L1-AKT. Consistently, dual-route administration (IV + IA) of UMSC-PD-L1-AKT resulted in a significant reduction in infarction volume and improvement of neurological dysfunction in a stroke model. Furthermore, enhancing CD8+CD122+IL-10+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells and reducing CD11b+CD80+ microglial/macrophages and CD3+CD8+TNF-α+ and CD3+CD8+ IFN-α+ cytotoxic T cells induced an anti-inflammatory microenvironment to protect neuroglial cells in the ischemic brain. Collectively, therapeutic intervention using UMSC-PD-L1-AKT could provide a niche for inducing neuroplastic regeneration in brains after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Ling Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chang
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center and New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Wang G, Li Z, Wang G, Sun Q, Lin P, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang T, Cui F, Zhong Z. Advances in Engineered Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke by Enhancing Angiogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4377-4409. [PMID: 38774029 PMCID: PMC11108071 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels, is a natural defensive mechanism that aids in the restoration of oxygen and nutrition delivery to injured brain tissue after an ischemic stroke. Angiogenesis, by increasing vessel development, may maintain brain perfusion, enabling neuronal survival, brain plasticity, and neurologic recovery. Induction of angiogenesis and the formation of new vessels aid in neurorepair processes such as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Advanced nano drug delivery systems hold promise for treatment stroke by facilitating efficient transportation across the the blood-brain barrier and maintaining optimal drug concentrations. Nanoparticle has recently been shown to greatly boost angiogenesis and decrease vascular permeability, as well as improve neuroplasticity and neurological recovery after ischemic stroke. We describe current breakthroughs in the development of nanoparticle-based treatments for better angiogenesis therapy for ischemic stroke employing polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles, and biomimetic nanoparticles in this study. We outline new nanoparticles in detail, review the hurdles and strategies for conveying nanoparticle to lesions, and demonstrate the most recent advances in nanoparticle in angiogenesis for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtian Wang
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongchen Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qixu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Penglai People’s Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 265600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Lin
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huishu Zhang
- Teaching Center of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Teaching Center of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongshuai Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyun Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Teaching Center of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People’s Republic of China
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Yang H, Niu L, Jia J, Liang W, Li Q, Pan Y. Extracellular vesicles: Mediators of microenvironment in hypoxia-associated neurological diseases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 240:108250. [PMID: 38552364 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prevalent characteristic of numerous neurological disorders including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute particles released by cells that contain diverse biological materials, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They have been implicated in a range of physiological and pathological processes including intercellular communication, immune responses, and disease progression. EVs are believed to play a pivotal role in modulating the microenvironment of hypoxia-associated neurological diseases. These EVs are capable of transporting hypoxia-inducible factors such as proteins and microRNAs to neighboring or remote cells, thereby influencing their behavior. Furthermore, EVs can traverse the blood-brain barrier, shielding the brain from detrimental substances in the bloodstream. This enables them to deliver their payload directly to the brain cells, potentially intensifying the effects of hypoxia. Nonetheless, the capacity of EVs to breach the blood-brain barrier presents new opportunities for drug delivery. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of EVs as mediators of information exchange during tissue hypoxia, a pathophysiological process in ischemic stroke and malignant gliomas. We also investigated their involvement in the progression and regression of major diseases of the central nervous system, which are pertinent to the development of therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Juan Jia
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wentao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Yawen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Tang Y, Wang Z, Teng H, Ni H, Chen H, Lu J, Chen Z, Wang Z. Safety and efficacy of bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy for ischemic stroke recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1885-1896. [PMID: 38172413 PMCID: PMC11021295 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapy represents a potential treatment for ischemic stroke (IS). Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence provided by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) in patients with IS in any phase after stroke. METHODS We searched several databases for relevant articles up to the 10th of March 2023, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Subgroup analyses were implemented to evaluate the dose and route of BMMNC administration. Statistical data were analyzed by Review Manager version 5.3 software. RESULTS Six RCTs were included in this article, including 177 patients who were treated by the transplantation of BMMNCs and 166 patients who received medical treatment. The three-month National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score indicated a favorable outcome for the BMMNC transplantation group (standardized mean difference (SMD), - 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), - 0.57 to - 0.11; P = 0.004). There were no significant differences between the two groups at six months post-transplantation with regards to NIHSS score (SMD 0.00; 95% CI - 0.26 to 0.27; P = 0.97), modified Rankin Scale (risk ratio (RR) 1.10; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.63; P = 0.62), Barthel Index change (SMD 0.68; 95% CI - 0.59 to 1.95; P = 0.29), and infarct volume change (SMD - 0.08; 95% CI - 0.42 to 0.26; P = 0.64). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of safety outcome (RR 1.24; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.91; P = 0.33). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the transplantation of BMMNCs was safe; however, the efficacy of this procedure requires further validation in larger RTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zilan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanyu Ni
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiru Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaye Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Fang H, Bo Y, Hao Z, Mang G, Jin J, Wang H. A promising frontier: targeting NETs for stroke treatment breakthroughs. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38654328 PMCID: PMC11036592 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent global acute cerebrovascular condition, with ischaemic stroke being the most frequently occurring type. After a stroke, neutrophils accumulate in the brain and subsequently generate and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The accumulation of NETs exacerbates the impairment of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), hampers neovascularization, induces notable neurological deficits, worsens the prognosis of stroke patients, and can facilitate the occurrence of t-PA-induced cerebral haemorrhage subsequent to ischaemic stroke. Alternative approaches to pharmacological thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy are being explored, and targeting NETs is a promising treatment that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yunfei Bo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhongfei Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ge Mang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Alzahrani FA, Riza YM, Eid TM, Almotairi R, Scherschinski L, Contreras J, Nadeem M, Perez SE, Raikwar SP, Jha RM, Preul MC, Ducruet AF, Lawton MT, Bhatia K, Akhter N, Ahmad S. Exosomes in Vascular/Neurological Disorders and the Road Ahead. Cells 2024; 13:670. [PMID: 38667285 PMCID: PMC11049650 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, and aneurysms, are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Recent research suggests that proteins linked to these conditions can be secreted and transferred among cells using exosomes. The transmission of abnormal protein buildup and the gradual degeneration in the brains of impacted individuals might be supported by these exosomes. Furthermore, it has been reported that neuroprotective functions can also be attributed to exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. The potential neuroprotective functions may play a role in preventing the formation of aggregates and abnormal accumulation of proteins associated with the disease. The present review summarizes the roles of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases as well as elucidating their therapeutic potential in AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, and aneurysms. By elucidating these two aspects of exosomes, valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases may be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir M. Riza
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M. Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Almotairi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Jessica Contreras
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Muhammed Nadeem
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew F. Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Michael T. Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Kanchan Bhatia
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403, USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
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Chen L, Xiong Y, Chopp M, Zhang Y. Engineered exosomes enriched with select microRNAs amplify their therapeutic efficacy for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1376601. [PMID: 38566841 PMCID: PMC10985177 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1376601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke stand as prominent causes of global disability and mortality. Treatment strategies for stroke and TBI are shifting from targeting neuroprotection toward cell-based neurorestorative strategy, aiming to augment endogenous brain remodeling, which holds considerable promise for the treatment of TBI and stroke. Compelling evidence underscores that the therapeutic effects of cell-based therapy are mediated by the active generation and release of exosomes from administered cells. Exosomes, endosomal derived and nano-sized extracellular vesicles, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication. Thus, we may independently employ exosomes to treat stroke and TBI. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived exosomes promotes neuroplasticity and neurological functional recovery in preclinical animal models of TBI and stroke. In this mini review, we describe the properties of exosomes and recent exosome-based therapies of TBI and stroke. It is noteworthy that the microRNA cargo within exosomes contributes to their therapeutic effects. Thus, we provide a brief introduction to microRNAs and insight into their key roles in mediating therapeutic effects. With the increasing knowledge of exosomes, researchers have "engineered" exosome microRNA content to amplify their therapeutic benefits. We therefore focus our discussion on the therapeutic benefits of recently employed microRNA-enriched engineered exosomes. We also discuss the current opportunities and challenges in translating exosome-based therapy to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
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10
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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Mayerl S, Guadaño-Ferraz A, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone action in adult neurogliogenic niches: the known and unknown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1347802. [PMID: 38516412 PMCID: PMC10954857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, thyroid hormones (THs) signaling has been established as a key signaling cue for the proper maintenance of brain functions in adult mammals, including humans. One of the most fascinating roles of THs in the mature mammalian brain is their ability to regulate adult neurogliogenic processes. In this respect, THs control the generation of new neuronal and glial progenitors from neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as their final differentiation and maturation programs. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the cellular organization of adult rodent neurogliogenic niches encompassing well-established niches in the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles, the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), and the hypothalamus, but also less characterized niches in the striatum and the cerebral cortex. We then discuss critical questions regarding how THs availability is regulated in the respective niches in rodents and larger mammals as well as how modulating THs availability in those niches interferes with lineage decision and progression at the molecular, cellular, and functional levels. Based on those alterations, we explore the novel therapeutic avenues aiming at harnessing THs regulatory influences on neurogliogenic output to stimulate repair processes by influencing the generation of either new neurons (i.e. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases), oligodendrocytes (multiple sclerosis) or both (stroke). Finally, we point out future challenges, which will shape research in this exciting field in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Wintermark P, Lapointe A, Steinhorn R, Rampakakis E, Burhenne J, Meid AD, Bajraktari-Sylejmani G, Khairy M, Altit G, Adamo MT, Poccia A, Gilbert G, Saint-Martin C, Toffoli D, Vachon J, Hailu E, Colin P, Haefeli WE. Feasibility and Safety of Sildenafil to Repair Brain Injury Secondary to Birth Asphyxia (SANE-01): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase Ib Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2024; 266:113879. [PMID: 38142044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test feasibility and safety of administering sildenafil in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE), developing brain injury despite therapeutic hypothermia (TH). STUDY DESIGN We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ib clinical trial between 2016 and 2019 in neonates with moderate or severe NE, displaying brain injury on day-2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) despite TH. Neonates were randomized (2:1) to 7-day sildenafil or placebo (2 mg/kg/dose enterally every 12 hours, 14 doses). Outcomes included feasibility and safety (primary outcomes), pharmacokinetics (secondary), and day-30 neuroimaging and 18-month neurodevelopment assessments (exploratory). RESULTS Of the 24 enrolled neonates, 8 were randomized to sildenafil and 3 to placebo. A mild decrease in blood pressure was reported in 2 of the 8 neonates after initial dose, but not with subsequent doses. Sildenafil plasma steady-state concentration was rapidly reached, but decreased after TH discontinuation. Twelve percent of neonates (1/8) neonates died in the sildenafil group and 0% (0/3) in the placebo group. Among surviving neonates, partial recovery of injury, fewer cystic lesions, and less brain volume loss on day-30 magnetic resonance imaging were noted in 71% (5/7) of the sildenafil group and in 0% (0/3) of the placebo group. The rate of death or survival to 18 months with severe neurodevelopmental impairment was 57% (4/7) in the sildenafil group and 100% (3/3) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil was safe and well-absorbed in neonates with NE treated with TH. Optimal dosing needs to be established. Evaluation of a larger number of neonates through subsequent phases II and III trials is required to establish efficacy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT02812433.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wintermark
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Anie Lapointe
- Department of Neonatology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robin Steinhorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas D Meid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gzona Bajraktari-Sylejmani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - May Khairy
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Altit
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Therese Adamo
- Pharmacy Department, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alishia Poccia
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniela Toffoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Vachon
- Member of the Ordre des Psychologues du Quebec, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hailu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Colin
- Patrick Colin Consultant Inc, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Luo M, Mo D, Liu L, Li J, Lin J, Liang J, Ye F, Wu X, Li X, Li J, Sheng W. Loss of Gucy1a3 causes poor post-stroke recovery by reducing angiogenesis via the HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway in mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107484. [PMID: 38064974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke is a common and debilitating disease that can cause permanent neurological damage. Gucy1a3, which encodes the α1 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase, has been reported to be associated with functional recovery after ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Gucy1a3 on (i) post-stroke recovery; (ii) vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression; and (iii) angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wild-type and Gucy1a3 knockout C57BL/6J male mice were respectively used to establish the models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Neurological deficit scores were evaluated at 24 h and 96 h after pMCAO. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. For determining microvessel density, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with CD31. The expression of VEGFA and HIF-1α was detected by western blotting. RESULTS Our results suggest that loss of Gucy1a3 increased the infarct volume and aggravated neurological deficits after pMCAO. In addition, the Gucy1a3 knockout brains exhibited significantly lower microvessel densities and VEGFA and HIF-1α expression levels than the wild-type brains at 96 h post-pMCAO. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that GUCY1A3 might be involved in angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. Further investigation of GUCY1A3 will provide a new therapeutic target for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongcan Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - LiuYu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianli Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaoxing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Yang T, Jiang N, Han H, Shui J, Hou M, Kumar G, Tian H, Song L, Ma C, Li X, Ding Z. Bibliometric Analysis of Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke (2001-2022): Trends, Hotspots and Prospects. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:151-168. [PMID: 38164351 PMCID: PMC10750336 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular accident with a high risk of neurological deficits. Stem cell therapy has progressively attracted the interest of scientists and clinicians due to the benefits of promoting neural regeneration and regulating the microenvironment surrounding the lesion after ischemic stroke. Our study aimed to evaluate the development trends and research hotspots in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: Publications related to stem cells and ischemic stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science from 2001 to 2022. Data analysis and mapping were performed using VOSviewer, Citespace and ImageGP. Results: In total, 1932 papers were included in the analysis. Publications have steadily increased over the past 22 years. China has contributed the maximum number of publications, whereas the USA ranked first in the total number of citations and was considered the center of the international collaboration network. University of South Florida, Henry Ford Hospital, and Oakland University were the most influential institutions. Stroke, Brain Research, and Neural Regeneration Research were the most productive journals. The research in this field was primarily focused on the effects of stem cells on neurogenesis, inflammation, and angiogenesis following ischemic stroke, as well as their therapeutic potential for the disease. In addition, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly utilized stem cells. The topics related to miRNA, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, neuroinflammation, and autophagy are current research hotspots. Conclusion: Our bibliometric study provides a novel perspective on the research trends in the field of stem cells and ischemic stroke. The outcome of this study may benefit scientists to identify research hotspots and development directions, thereby advancing the application of stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Hongxia Han
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Jing Shui
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Miaomiao Hou
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hao Tian
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Centre of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030600, China
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14
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Kumar HN, Jeevanandham S, Ganesh MS, Sabana MA, Manivasakam P. Emerging Strategies and Effective Prevention Measures for Investigating the Association Between Stroke and Sudden Cardiac Fatality. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:35-44. [PMID: 38310557 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x259676231222053709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke-related cardiac death is a significant concern for patients with stroke and their healthcare providers. It is a complex and multifaceted condition that requires careful management of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies for stroke-related cardiac death. The review highlights the importance of identifying and managing modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle factors, as well as non-modifiable risk factors such as age and genetics. Additionally, the review explores emerging strategies for prevention, including the use of wearable devices and genetic testing to identify patients at risk, stem cell therapy and gene therapy for cardiac dysfunction, and precision medicine for personalized treatment plans. Despite some limitations to this review, it provides valuable insights into the current understanding of stroke-related cardiac death and identifies important areas for future research. Ultimately, the implementation of evidence-based prevention strategies and personalized treatment plans has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with stroke and reduce the burden of stroke-related cardiac death in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nithesh Kumar
- Pharmacy Practice, JKKN College of Pharmacy, Namakkal, India
| | - S Jeevanandham
- Pharmacy Practice, JKKN College of Pharmacy, Namakkal, India
| | | | - M Ashmi Sabana
- Pharmacy Practice, JKKN College of Pharmacy, Namakkal, India
| | - P Manivasakam
- Pharmacy Practice, JKKN College of Pharmacy, Namakkal, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vellalar College of Pharmacy, Erode, India
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15
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Mariajoseph FP, Lai L, Moore J, Chandra R, Goldschlager T, Praeger AJ, Slater LA. Pathophysiology of Contrast-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Narrative Review of Possible Mechanisms. Eur Neurol 2023; 87:26-35. [PMID: 38118425 PMCID: PMC11003557 DOI: 10.1159/000535928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast-induced neurotoxicity (CIN) is an increasingly observed event following the administration of iodinated contrast. It presents as a spectrum of neurological symptoms that closely mimic ischaemic stroke, however, CIN remains a poorly understood clinical phenomenon. An appreciation of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is essential to improve clinical understanding and enhance decision-making. METHODS A broad literature search of Medline (1946 to December 2022) and Embase (1947 to December 2022) was conducted. Articles discussing the pathophysiology of CIN were reviewed. SUMMARY The pathogenesis of CIN appears to be multifactorial. A key step is likely blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown due to factors including ischaemic stroke, uncontrolled hypertension, and possibly contrast agents themselves, among others. This is followed by passage of contrast agents across the BBB, leading to chemotoxic sequelae on neural tissue. KEY MESSAGES This review provides a clinically oriented review on the pathophysiology of CIN to enhance knowledge and improve decision-making among clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick P. Mariajoseph
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leon Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Moore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ronil Chandra
- Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Goldschlager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian J. Praeger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lee-Anne Slater
- Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Hood RJ, Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Beard DJ, Rust R, Turner RJ, Stuckey SM, Collins-Praino LE, Walker FR, Nilsson M, Ong LK. Leakage beyond the primary lesion: A temporal analysis of cerebrovascular dysregulation at sites of hippocampal secondary neurodegeneration following cortical photothrombotic stroke. J Neurochem 2023; 167:733-752. [PMID: 38010732 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a cortical stroke causes persistent impairment of hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks concomitant with secondary neurodegenerative processes such as amyloid-β accumulation in the hippocampus, a region remote from the primary infarct. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence suggesting that deposition of amyloid-β around cerebral vessels may lead to cerebrovascular structural changes, neurovascular dysfunction, and disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity. However, there is limited knowledge about the temporal changes of hippocampal cerebrovasculature after cortical stroke. In the current study, we aimed to characterise the spatiotemporal cerebrovascular changes after cortical stroke. This was done using the photothrombotic stroke model targeting the motor and somatosensory cortices of mice. Cerebrovascular morphology as well as the co-localisation of amyloid-β with vasculature and blood-brain barrier integrity were assessed in the cortex and hippocampal regions at 7, 28 and 84 days post-stroke. Our findings showed transient cerebrovascular remodelling in the peri-infarct area up to 28 days post-stroke. Importantly, the cerebrovascular changes were extended beyond the peri-infarct region to the ipsilateral hippocampus and were sustained out to 84 days post-stroke. When investigating vessel diameter, we showed a decrease at 84 days in the peri-infarct and CA1 regions that were exacerbated in vessels with amyloid-β deposition. Lastly, we showed sustained vascular leakage in the peri-infarct and ipsilateral hippocampus, indicative of a compromised blood-brain-barrier. Our findings indicate that hippocampal vasculature may represent an important therapeutic target to mitigate the progression of post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hood
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Beard
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renée J Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon M Stuckey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences & Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Wang Z, Zheng D, Tan YS, Yuan Q, Yuan F, Zhang S. Enabling Survival of Transplanted Neural Precursor Cells in the Ischemic Brain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302527. [PMID: 37867250 PMCID: PMC10667812 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
There is no effective therapy for ischemic stroke following the acute stage. Neural transplantation offers a potential option for repairing the ischemic lesion. However, this strategy is hindered by the poor survival of the neural precursor cells (NPCs) that are transplanted into the inflammatory ischemic core. Here, a chemical cocktail consisting of fibrinogen and maraviroc is developed to promote the survival of the transplanted NPCs in the ischemic core of the mouse cerebral cortex. The grafted NPCs survive in the presence of the cocktail but not fibrinogen or maraviroc alone at day 7. The surviving NPCs divide and differentiate to mature neurons by day 30, reconstituting the infarct cortex with vascularization. Molecular analysis in vivo and in vitro shows that blocking the activation of CCR5 on the NPCs protects the NPCs from apoptosis induced by pro-inflammatory factors, revealing the underlying protective effect of the cocktail for NPCs. The findings open an avenue to enable survival of the transplanted NPCs under the inflammatory neurological conditions like stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Wang
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, GK Goh Centre for NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169857Singapore
| | - Danyi Zheng
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, GK Goh Centre for NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169857Singapore
| | - Ye Sing Tan
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, GK Goh Centre for NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169857Singapore
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, GK Goh Centre for NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169857Singapore
| | - Fang Yuan
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, GK Goh Centre for NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169857Singapore
| | - Su‐Chun Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, GK Goh Centre for NeuroscienceDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169857Singapore
- Department of NeuroscienceDepartment of NeurologyWaisman CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
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18
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Lu W, Chen Z, Wen J. The role of RhoA/ROCK pathway in the ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115141. [PMID: 37437375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that ischemic stroke is the prominent cause of death and disability. To date, neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke represents a complex event, which is an essential process and affects the prognosis of both experimental stroke animals and stroke patients. Intense neuroinflammation occurring during the acute phase of stroke contributes to neuronal injury, BBB breakdown, and worse neurological outcomes. Inhibition of neuroinflammation may be a promising target in the development of new therapeutic strategies. RhoA is a small GTPase protein that activates a downstream effector, ROCK. The up-regulation of RhoA/ROCK pathway possesses important roles in promoting the neuroinflammation and mediating brain injury. In addition, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is another vital regulator of ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation through regulating the functions of microglial cells and astrocytes. After stroke onset, the microglial cells and astrocytes are activated and undergo the morphological and functional changes, thereby deeply participate in a complicated neuroinflammation cascade. In this review, we focused on the relationship among RhoA/ROCK pathway, NF-κB and glial cells in the neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke to reveal new strategies for preventing the intense neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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19
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Mihailova V, Stoyanova II, Tonchev AB. Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2332. [PMID: 37760773 PMCID: PMC10525766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in glial cells in the central nervous system due to their important role in maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding their capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects under different pathological conditions. In combination with their proliferative potential, they contribute not only to the limitation of brain damage and tissue remodeling but also to neuronal repair and synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive glial cells can modulate the processes of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and migration of neurons in the existing neural circuits in the adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, the regulation of sequential processes in adult neurogenesis holds the potential to unlock strategies that can stimulate the generation of functional neurons, whether in response to injury or as a means of addressing degenerative neurological conditions. Cerebral ischemic stroke, a condition falling within the realm of acute vascular disorders affecting the circulation in the brain, stands as a prominent global cause of disability and mortality. Extensive investigations into glial plasticity and their intricate interactions with other cells in the central nervous system have predominantly relied on studies conducted on experimental animals, including rodents and primates. However, valuable insights have also been gleaned from in vivo studies involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following the attempts to map brain cells, the role of various transcription factors in modulating gene expression in response to cerebral ischemia is gaining increasing popularity. Although the results obtained thus far remain incomplete and occasionally ambiguous, they serve as a solid foundation for the development of strategies aimed at influencing the recovery process after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mihailova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (I.I.S.); (A.B.T.)
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Xu J, Shen Y, Luan P, Wang H, Xu Y, Jiang L, Li R, Wang F, Zhu Y, Zhang J. Pro‑angiogenic activity of salvianolate and its potential therapeutic effect against acute cerebral ischemia. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:409. [PMID: 37522065 PMCID: PMC10375442 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolate (Sal) is a medicinal composition that is widely used in China for the treatment of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential macrophage-mediated pro-angiogenic effects of Sal in vitro. In addition, another aim was to explore the effects of Sal in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) along with the potential mechanism by which it promotes angiogenesis. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro, and a rat tMCAO model in vivo were used to detect the pro-angiogenic effect and mechanism of Sal. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the viability, migration and tube formation of HUVECs were promoted by the supernatant of Sal-treated Raw264.7 macrophages (s-Sal) but not by Sal alone. s-Sal also increased the levels of phosphorylated (p-)VEGFR-2, p-AKT and p-p38 MAPK in HUVECs while Sal alone did not. In vivo, treatment with Sal significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume and neurological deficit scores in the rat tMCAO model. Similar to the mechanism observed in the in vitro experiments, Sal treatment upregulated the protein expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2, in addition to the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, AKT and p38, in the brain tissues of the tMCAO model rats. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that the mechanism of Sal-mediated angiogenesis is associated with stimulation of the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway by macrophages. This suggests the potential of Sal as a therapeutic option for the treatment of acute cerebral ischemic injury, which may act via the promotion of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Xu
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Luan
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lixian Jiang
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Feiyun Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiange Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Singh A, Chen R. The Duration of Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD) Determines the Effects of Subsequent Reperfusion on Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells and Primary Cortical Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7106. [PMID: 37108268 PMCID: PMC10138834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion is the fundamental treatment for ischaemic stroke; however, many ischaemic stroke patients cannot undergo reperfusion treatment. Furthermore, reperfusion can cause ischaemic reperfusion injuries. This study aimed to determine the effects of reperfusion in an in vitro ischaemic stroke model-oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) (0.3% O2)-with rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and cortical neurons. In PC12 cells, OGD resulted in a time-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and reduction in MTT activity from 2 h onwards. Reperfusion following shorter periods (4 and 6 h) of OGD recovered apoptotic PC12 cells, whereas after 12 h, OGD increased LDH release. In primary neurons, 6 h OGD led to significant increase in cytotoxicity, reduction in MTT activity and dendritic MAP2 staining. Reperfusion following 6 h OGD increased the cytotoxicity. HIF-1a was stabilised by 4 and 6 h OGD in PC12 cells and 2 h OGD onwards in primary neurons. A panel of hypoxic genes were upregulated by the OGD treatments depending on the duration. In conclusion, the duration of OGD determines the mitochondrial activity, cell viability, HIF-1a stabilization, and hypoxic gene expression in both cell types. Reperfusion following OGD of short duration is neuroprotective, whereas OGD of long duration is cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
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22
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Qiao C, Liu Z, Qie S. The Implications of Microglial Regulation in Neuroplasticity-Dependent Stroke Recovery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030571. [PMID: 36979506 PMCID: PMC10046452 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes varying degrees of neurological deficits, leading to corresponding dysfunctions. There are different therapeutic principles for each stage of pathological development. Neuroprotection is the main treatment in the acute phase, and functional recovery becomes primary in the subacute and chronic phases. Neuroplasticity is considered the basis of functional restoration and neurological rehabilitation after stroke, including the remodeling of dendrites and dendritic spines, axonal sprouting, myelin regeneration, synapse shaping, and neurogenesis. Spatiotemporal development affects the spontaneous rewiring of neural circuits and brain networks. Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain that contribute to homeostasis under physiological conditions. Microglia are activated immediately after stroke, and phenotypic polarization changes and phagocytic function are crucial for regulating focal and global brain inflammation and neurological recovery. We have previously shown that the development of neuroplasticity is spatiotemporally consistent with microglial activation, suggesting that microglia may have a profound impact on neuroplasticity after stroke and may be a key therapeutic target for post-stroke rehabilitation. In this review, we explore the impact of neuroplasticity on post-stroke restoration as well as the functions and mechanisms of microglial activation, polarization, and phagocytosis. This is followed by a summary of microglia-targeted rehabilitative interventions that influence neuroplasticity and promote stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
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23
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Dlamini Z, Khanyile R, Molefi T, Damane BP, Bates DO, Hull R. Genomic Interplay between Neoneurogenesis and Neoangiogenesis in Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061805. [PMID: 36980690 PMCID: PMC10046518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new blood vessels, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The growing tumor requires nutrients and oxygen. Recent evidence has shown that tumors release signals to attract new nerve fibers and stimulate the growth of new nerve fibers. Neurogenesis, neural extension, and axonogenesis assist in the migration of cancer cells. Cancer cells can use both blood vessels and nerve fibers as routes for cells to move along. In this way, neurogenesis and angiogenesis both contribute to cancer metastasis. As a result, tumor-induced neurogenesis joins angiogenesis and immunosuppression as aberrant processes that are exacerbated within the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between these processes contributes to cancer development and progression. The interplay between these systems is brought about by cytokines, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, which activate signaling pathways that are common to angiogenesis and the nervous tissue. These include the AKT signaling pathways, the MAPK pathway, and the Ras signaling pathway. These processes also both require the remodeling of tissues. The interplay of these processes in cancer provides the opportunity to develop novel therapies that can be used to target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - David Owen Bates
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
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24
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Lin YT, Chen HD, Ai QD, Yang YT, Zhang Z, Chu SF, Chen NH. Characteristics and pathogenesis of chemokines in the post-stroke stage. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109781. [PMID: 36720195 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, as small molecular proteins, play a crucial role in the immune and inflammatory responses after stroke. A large amount of evidence showed chemokines and their receptors were increasingly recognized as potential targets for stroke treatment, which were involved in the processing of neovascularization, neurogenesis, and neural network reconstruction. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of chemokine alterations throughout the post-stroke nerve repair phase to gain insight into the pathological mechanisms of chemokines and find effective therapeutic targets for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Hao-Dong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qi-di Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yan-Tao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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25
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Butyrate promotes post-stroke outcomes in aged mice via interleukin-22. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114351. [PMID: 36804553 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging increases the risk of stroke, may exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses, reduce angiogenesis, and promote white matter damage post-stroke, all of which contribute to long-term functional recovery. Butyric acid, an important gut microbial metabolite, showed the highest correlation with the outcomes of ischemic stroke, and butyrate was selected as an effective treatment for aged stroke mice. Here, we tested the neurorestorative effect and potential therapeutic mechanisms of butyrate in aged mice with stroke. Aged male C57BL/6 J mice (17-19 months) were subjected to photothrombotic stroke. We performed butyrate supplementation in the drinking water for 3 weeks before surgery until 14 days after the stroke. At 14 days after ischemic stroke, white matter damage, leukocyte infiltration, and blood-brain barrier permeability were all decreased in the aged stroke mice that received the butyrate treatment, which also improved neurological outcomes by stimulating angiogenesis. Stroke reduces the level of interleukin-22 (IL-22) and butyrate treatment significantly enhanced IL-22 expression in the brain. To further validate the mechanisms of butyrate promoting neurological function after stroke, monoclonal antibodies were used to block IL-22 in aged stroke mice when butyrate treatment was provided. Blocking IL-22 in butyrate-treated aged stroke fails to improve functional outcomes and attenuated butyrate-induced angiogenesis, increased axon/white matter density and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, but has no effect on inflammatory cells infiltration. In conclusion, butyrate improves outcomes in aged mice after stroke by promoting angiogenesis and BBB integrity and reducing leukocyte infiltration. To some extent, IL-22 may contribute to butyrate treatment induced vascular remodeling and increased BBB integrity responses in aged stroke mice.
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26
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Tang H, Zhang X, Hao X, Dou H, Zou C, Zhou Y, Li B, Yue H, Wang D, Wang Y, Yang C, Fu J. Hepatocyte growth factor-modified hair follicle stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 36782269 PMCID: PMC9926795 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered as a promising cell type in the stem cell transplantation treatment of neurological diseases because of their rich sources, easy access, and the same ectoderm source as the nervous system. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that shows neuroprotective function in ischemic stroke. Here we assessed the therapeutic effects of HFSCs on ischemic stroke injury and the synthetic effect of HGF along with HFSCs. METHODS Rat HFSCs were intravenously transplanted into a middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. Neurological scoring and TTC staining were performed to assess the benefits of HFSC transplantation. Inflammatory cytokines, blood-brain barrier integrity and angiogenesis within penumbra were estimated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The differentiation of HFSCs was detected by immunofluorescence method 2 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS HFSC transplantation could significantly inhibit the activation of microglia, improve the integrity of blood-brain barrier and reduce brain edema. Moreover, the number of surviving neurons and microvessels density in the penumbra were upregulated by HFSC transplantation, leading to better neurological score. The combination of HFSCs and HGF could significantly improve the therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSION Our results indicate for the first time that HGF modified HFSCs can reduce I/R injury and promote the neurological recovery by inhibiting inflammatory response, protecting blood-brain barrier and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaojun Hao
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Haitong Dou
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Chendan Zou
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yinglian Zhou
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Bing Li
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hui Yue
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Duo Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yifei Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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27
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Moniche F, Cabezas-Rodriguez JA, Valverde R, Escudero-Martinez I, Lebrato-Hernandez L, Pardo-Galiana B, Ainz L, Medina-Rodriguez M, de la Torre J, Escamilla-Gomez V, Ortega-Quintanilla J, Zapata-Arriaza E, de Albóniga-Chindurza A, Mancha F, Gamero MA, Perez S, Espinosa-Rosso R, Forero-Diaz L, Moya M, Piñero P, Calderón-Cabrera C, Nogueras S, Jimenez R, Martin V, Delgado F, Ochoa-Sepúlveda JJ, Quijano B, Mata R, Santos-González M, Carmona-Sanchez G, Herrera C, Gonzalez A, Montaner J. Safety and efficacy of intra-arterial bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke in Spain (IBIS trial): a phase 2, randomised, open-label, standard-of-care controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:137-146. [PMID: 36681446 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilot clinical trials have shown the safety of intra-arterial bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) in stroke. However, the efficacy of different doses of intra-arterial BMMNCs in patients with acute stroke has not been tested in a randomised clinical trial. We aimed to show safety and efficacy of two different doses of autologous intra-arterial BMMNC transplantation in patients with acute stroke. METHODS The IBIS trial was a multicentre phase 2, randomised, controlled, investigator-initiated, assessor-blinded, clinical trial, in four stroke centres in Spain. We included patients (aged 18-80 years) with a non-lacunar, middle cerebral artery ischaemic stroke within 1-7 days from stroke onset and with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 6-20. We randomly assigned patients (2:1:1) with a computer-generated randomisation sequence to standard of care (control group) or intra-arterial injection of autologous BMMNCs at one of two different doses (2 × 106 BMMNCs/kg or 5 × 106 BMMNCs/kg). The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-2 at 180 days in the intention-to-treat population, comparing each BMMNC dose group and the pooled BMMNC group versus the control group. The primary safety endpoint was the proportion of serious adverse events. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02178657 and is completed. FINDINGS Between April 1, 2015, and May 20, 2021, we assessed 114 patients for eligibility. We randomly assigned 77 (68%) patients: 38 (49%) to the control group, 20 (26%) to the low-dose BMMNC group, and 19 (25%) the high-dose BMMNC group. The mean age of participants was 62·4 years (SD 12·7), 46 (60%) were men, 31 (40%) were women, all were White, and 63 (82%) received thrombectomy. The median NIHSS score before randomisation was 12 (IQR 9-15), with intra-arterial BMMNC injection done a median of 6 days (4-7) after stroke onset. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 14 (39%) patients in the control group versus ten (50%) in the low-dose group (adjusted odds ratio 2·08 [95% CI 0·55-7·85]; p=0·28), eight (44%) in the high-dose group (1·89 [0·52-6·96]; p=0·33), and 18 (47%) in the pooled BMMNC group (2·22 [0·72-6·85]; p=0·16). We found no differences in the proportion of patients who had adverse events or dose-related events, but two patients had a groin haematoma after cell injection in the low-dose BMMNC group. INTERPRETATION Intra-arterial BMMNCs were safe in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, but we found no significant improvement at 180 days on the mRS. Further clinical trials are warranted to investigate whether improvements might be possible at different timepoints. FUNDING Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund, Mutua Madrileña, and the Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Moniche
- Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Neurovascular Lab, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Roberto Valverde
- Department of Neurology, Department of Radiology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Irene Escudero-Martinez
- Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Neurovascular Lab, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Leire Ainz
- Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Neurovascular Lab, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier de la Torre
- Department of Neurology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Zapata-Arriaza
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Mancha
- Neurovascular Lab, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Gamero
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Soledad Perez
- Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Forero-Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miguel Moya
- Department of Neurology, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pilar Piñero
- Department of Radiology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Nogueras
- Cell Therapy Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Jimenez
- Cell Therapy Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martin
- Department of Hematology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Cell Therapy Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Delgado
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Quijano
- Coordination Unit of the Andalusian Network for the design and translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Mata
- Coordination Unit of the Andalusian Network for the design and translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Monica Santos-González
- Production and Reprogramming Cell Unit of Seville, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain; Centro de Transfusiones, Tejidos y Células de Sevilla (CTTS), Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud en Sevilla (FISEVI), Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria Carmona-Sanchez
- Coordination Unit of the Andalusian Network for the design and translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain; Production and Reprogramming Cell Unit of Seville, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Seville, Spain
| | - Concha Herrera
- Department of Hematology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Cell Therapy Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Lab, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Seville, Spain; Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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28
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Mu JD, Ma LX, Zhang Z, Qian X, Zhang QY, Ma LH, Sun TY. The factors affecting neurogenesis after stroke and the role of acupuncture. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1082625. [PMID: 36741282 PMCID: PMC9895425 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1082625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke induces a state of neuroplasticity in the central nervous system, which can lead to neurogenesis phenomena such as axonal growth and synapse formation, thus affecting stroke outcomes. The brain has a limited ability to repair ischemic damage and requires a favorable microenvironment. Acupuncture is considered a feasible and effective neural regulation strategy to improve functional recovery following stroke via the benign modulation of neuroplasticity. Therefore, we summarized the current research progress on the key factors and signaling pathways affecting neurogenesis, and we also briefly reviewed the research progress of acupuncture to improve functional recovery after stroke by promoting neurogenesis. This study aims to provide new therapeutic perspectives and strategies for the recovery of motor function after stroke based on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Dan Mu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Xiao Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,The Key Unit of State Administration of Traditional Chines Medicine, Evaluation of Characteristic Acupuncture Therapy, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Liang-Xiao Ma ✉
| | - Zhou Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Qian
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Yong Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Hui Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yi Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Shabani L, Abbasi M, Azarnew Z, Amani AM, Vaez A. Neuro-nanotechnology: diagnostic and therapeutic nano-based strategies in applied neuroscience. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36593487 PMCID: PMC9809121 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial, de-novo manufactured materials (with controlled nano-sized characteristics) have been progressively used by neuroscientists during the last several decades. The introduction of novel implantable bioelectronics interfaces that are better suited to their biological targets is one example of an innovation that has emerged as a result of advanced nanostructures and implantable bioelectronics interfaces, which has increased the potential of prostheses and neural interfaces. The unique physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles have also facilitated the development of novel imaging instruments for advanced laboratory systems, as well as intelligently manufactured scaffolds and microelectrodes and other technologies designed to increase our understanding of neural tissue processes. The incorporation of nanotechnology into physiology and cell biology enables the tailoring of molecular interactions. This involves unique interactions with neurons and glial cells in neuroscience. Technology solutions intended to effectively interact with neuronal cells, improved molecular-based diagnostic techniques, biomaterials and hybridized compounds utilized for neural regeneration, neuroprotection, and targeted delivery of medicines as well as small chemicals across the blood-brain barrier are all purposes of the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shabani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Azarnew
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Conti E, Pavone FS, Allegra Mascaro AL. In Vivo Imaging of the Structural Plasticity of Cortical Neurons After Stroke. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:69-81. [PMID: 36715929 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The comprehension of the finest mechanisms underlying experience-dependent plasticity requires the investigation of neurons and synaptic terminals in the intact brain over prolonged periods of time. Longitudinal two-photon imaging together with the expression of fluorescent proteins enables high-resolution imaging of dendritic spines and axonal varicosities of cortical neurons in vivo. Importantly, the study of the mechanisms of structural reorganization is relevant for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological diseases such as stroke and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. This protocol describes the principal steps for in vivo investigation of neuronal plasticity both in healthy conditions and after an ischemic lesion. First, we give a description of the surgery to perform a stable cranial window that allows optical access to the mouse brain cortex. Then we explain how to perform longitudinal two-photon imaging of dendrites, axonal branches, and synaptic terminals in the mouse brain cortex in vivo, in order to investigate the plasticity of synaptic terminals and orientation of neuronal processes. Finally, we describe how to induce an ischemic lesion in a target region of the mouse brain cortex through a cranial window by applying the photothrombotic stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Conti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Goraltchouk A, Mankovskaya S, Kuznetsova T, Hladkova Z, Hollander JM, Luppino F, Seregin A. Comparative evaluation of rhFGF18 and rhGDF11 treatment in a transient ischemia stroke model. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2023; 41:257-270. [PMID: 38363623 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-231347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke remain limited to thrombolysis, which is associated with increased risk of potentially fatal hemorrhage. Treatments with Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 (rhFGF18) and Growth and Differentiation Factor 11 (rhGDF11) appear promising based on different preclinical models. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of rhFGF18 and rhGDF11 directly on survival, behavioral deficits, and histological fingerprint of cerebral ischemia in the Wistar rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke. Methods Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced using a 2-hour transient MCAO. Animals were administered rhFGF18 (infusion), rhGDF11 (multi-injection), or Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) vehicle control and followed for 42 days. Motor-Cognitive deficits were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze at Days 0 (pre-MCAO), 7, 21, and 42. Histopathological assessments were performed on Days 21 and 42. Results Day 7 post-ischemia water maze performance times increased 38.3%, 2.1%, and 23.1% for PBS, rhFGF18, and rhGDF11-treated groups, respectively. Fraction of neurons with abnormal morphology (chromatolysis, pyknotic nuclei, somal degeneration) decreased in all groups toward Day 42 and was lowest for rhFGF18. AChE-positive fiber density and activity increased over time in the rhFGF18 group, remained unchanged in the rhGDF11 treatment arm, and declined in the PBS control. Metabolic increases were greatest in rhGDF11 treated animals, with both rhFGF18 and rhGDF11 achieving improvements over PBS, as evidenced by increased succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Finally, rhFGF18 treatment exhibited a trend for reduced mortality relative to PBS (5.6%, 95% CI [27.3%, 0.1% ] vs. 22.2%, 95% CI [47.6%, 6.4% ]). Conclusions rhFGF18 treatment appears promising in improving survival and promoting motor-cognitive recovery following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhanna Hladkova
- Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Judith M Hollander
- Remedium Bio, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Yuan Y, Sun J, You T, Shen W, Xu W, Dong Q, Cui M. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics in Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122652. [PMID: 36559145 PMCID: PMC9783774 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases remain some of the major causes of death and disability in the world. Few types of drugs and insufficient delivery across the blood-brain barrier limit the treatment of neurological disorders. The past two decades have seen the rapid development of extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics in many fields. As the physiological and pathophysiological roles of extracellular vesicles are recognized in neurological diseases, they have become promising therapeutics and targets for therapeutic interventions. Moreover, advanced nanomedicine technologies have explored the potential of extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems in neurological diseases. In this review, we discussed the preclinical strategies for extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics in neurological disorders and the struggles involved in their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tongyao You
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (M.C.)
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Gao X, Yang H, Xiao W, Su J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ni W, Gu Y. Modified exosomal SIRPα variants alleviate white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage via microglia/macrophages. Biomater Res 2022; 26:67. [DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite limited efficiency, modulation of microglia/macrophages has shown to attenuate neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this context, we evaluated the efficacy of modified exosomal signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) variants (SIRPα-v Exos) in microglia/macrophages and neuroinflammation-associated white matter injury after ICH.
Methods
SIRPα-v Exos were engineered to block CD47-SIRPα interactions. After obtaining SIRPα-v Exos from lentivirus-infected mesenchymal stem cells, C57BL/6 mice suffering from ICH underwent consecutive intravenous injections of SIRPα-v Exos (6 mg/kg) for 14 days. Afterwards, the volume of hematoma and neurological dysfunctions were assessed in mice continuously until 35 days after ICH. In addition, demyelination, electrophysiology and neuroinflammation were evaluated. Furthermore, the mechanisms of microglial regulation by SIRPα-v Exos were investigated in vitro under coculture conditions.
Results
The results demonstrated that the clearance of hematoma in mice suffering from ICH was accelerated after SIRPα-v Exo treatment. SIRPα-v Exos improved long-term neurological dysfunction by ameliorating white matter injury. In addition, SIRPα-v Exos recruited regulatory T cells (Tregs) to promote M2 polarization of microglia/macrophages in the peri-hematoma tissue. In vitro experiments further showed that SIRPα-v Exos regulated primary microglia in a direct and indirect manner in synergy with Tregs.
Conclusion
Our studies revealed that SIRPα-v Exos could accelerate the clearance of hematoma and ameliorate secondary white matter injury after ICH through regulation of microglia/macrophages. SIRPα-v Exos may become a promising treatment for ICH in clinical practice.
Graphical Abstract
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Zhang T, Han H, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Ma T, Cao X. MicroRNA-454 modulates the oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23153. [PMID: 36043333 PMCID: PMC9786265 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the function of miR-454 in ischemic stroke, this study was carried out. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury animal model and a SHSY5Y cell culture model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were constructed. The effects of miR-454 were detected by evaluating the levels of biochemical markers, gene expression, and pathophysiological markers. The results showed that NOX4 level was elevated, while miR-454 expression was reduced in I/R brain samples and in OGD/R-treated cells. The miR-454 agomir declined NOX4 level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in rats suffering from I/R. Furthermore, microRNA-145 (miR-454) overexpression inhibited NOX4 level and ROS production in cells treated by OGD/R and decreased luciferase activity in cells transfected with NOX4-wild type (WT) reporter plasmid. Meanwhile, our results proved that the protected effects of miR-454 on SH-SY5Y cells treated by OGD/R were reversed by pcDNA-NOX4 transfection. MiR-454 protected animals from brain injury induced by cerebral I/R via directly regulating its target gene NOX4, illustrating a curatively potential target for treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of NeurologyBaoan District Central HospitalShenzhen CityGuangdong ProvinceP.R. China
| | - Haiping Han
- Department of NeurologyNingxia Hui Autonomous Region People's HospitalYinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNingxia Hui Autonomous Region People's HospitalYinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R. China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of NeurologyNingxia Hui Autonomous Region People's HospitalYinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R. China
| | - Tingjie Ma
- Department of NeurologyNingxia Hui Autonomous Region People's HospitalYinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R. China
| | - Xuqing Cao
- Department of NeurologyNingxia Hui Autonomous Region People's HospitalYinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R. China
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Zeng M, Zhang R, Yang Q, Guo L, Zhang X, Yu B, Gan J, Yang Z, Li H, Wang Y, Jiang X, Lu B. Pharmacological therapy to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: Focus on saponins. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113696. [PMID: 36116247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary insult from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major risk factor for poor prognosis of cerebral ischemia. Saponins are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities that are effective in treating CIRI. By browsing the literature from 2001 to 2021, 55 references involving 24 kinds of saponins were included. Saponins were shown to relieve CIRI by inhibiting oxidation stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, restoring BBB integrity, and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. This review summarizes and classifies several common saponins and their mechanisms in relieving CIRI. Information provided in this review will benefit researchers to design, research and develop new medicines to treat CIRI-related conditions with saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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The Role of DNA Methylation in Stroke Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810373. [PMID: 36142283 PMCID: PMC9499691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations affect the onset of ischemic stroke, brain injury after stroke, and mechanisms of poststroke recovery. In particular, DNA methylation can be dynamically altered by maintaining normal brain function or inducing abnormal brain damage. DNA methylation is regulated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), which promotes methylation, DNA demethylase, which removes methyl groups, and methyl-cytosine–phosphate–guanine-binding domain (MBD) protein, which binds methylated DNA and inhibits gene expression. Investigating the effects of modulating DNMT, TET, and MBD protein expression on neuronal cell death and neurorepair in ischemic stroke and elucidating the underlying mechanisms can facilitate the formulation of therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection and promotion of neuronal recovery after stroke. In this review, we summarize the role of DNA methylation in neuroprotection and neuronal recovery after stroke according to the current knowledge regarding the effects of DNA methylation on excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and recovery after ischemic stroke. This review of the literature regarding the role of DNA methylation in neuroprotection and functional recovery after stroke may contribute to the development and application of novel therapeutic strategies for stroke.
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Navarrete C, García-Martín A, Correa-Sáez A, Prados ME, Fernández F, Pineda R, Mazzone M, Álvarez-Benito M, Calzado MA, Muñoz E. A cannabidiol aminoquinone derivative activates the PP2A/B55α/HIF pathway and shows protective effects in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:177. [PMID: 35810304 PMCID: PMC9270745 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a primary mechanical injury and a secondary injury associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neurodegeneration. We have developed a novel cannabidiol aminoquinone derivative, VCE-004.8, which is a dual PPARγ/CB2 agonist that also activates the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway. VCE-004.8 shows potent antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities and it is now in Phase II clinical trials for systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of action of VCE-004.8 in the HIF pathway and explored its efficacy in a preclinical model of TBI. METHODS Using a phosphoproteomic approach, we investigated the effects of VCE-004.8 on prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) posttranslational modifications. The potential role of PP2A/B55α in HIF activation was analyzed using siRNA for B55α. To evaluate the angiogenic response to the treatment with VCE-004.8 we performed a Matrigel plug in vivo assay. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) as well as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM), and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) tight junction protein expression were studied in brain microvascular endothelial cells. The efficacy of VCE-004.8 in vivo was evaluated in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) murine model of TBI. RESULTS Herein we provide evidence that VCE-004.8 inhibits PHD2 Ser125 phosphorylation and activates HIF through a PP2A/B55α pathway. VCE-004.8 induces angiogenesis in vivo increasing the formation of functional vessel (CD31/α-SMA) and prevents in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption ameliorating the loss of ZO-1 expression under proinflammatory conditions. In CCI model VCE-004.8 treatment ameliorates early motor deficits after TBI and attenuates cerebral edema preserving BBB integrity. Histopathological analysis revealed that VCE-004.8 treatment induces neovascularization in pericontusional area and prevented immune cell infiltration to the brain parenchyma. In addition, VCE-004.8 attenuates neuroinflammation and reduces neuronal death and apoptosis in the damaged area. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight about the mechanism of action of VCE-004.8 regulating the PP2A/B55α/PHD2/HIF pathway. Furthermore, we show the potential efficacy for TBI treatment by preventing BBB disruption, enhancing angiogenesis, and ameliorating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro Correa-Sáez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Fernández
- FEA Radiodiagnóstico, Sección de Neurorradiología Diagnóstica. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pineda
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB-KULeuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Marina Álvarez-Benito
- Unidad de Radiodiagnóstico Y Cáncer de Mama, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, USA. .,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain. .,Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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Lin X, Li N, Tang H. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:885190. [PMID: 35836741 PMCID: PMC9274459 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.885190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health issue, corresponding to the second cause of mortality and the first cause of severe disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 87% of all strokes, where early detection and clinical intervention are well known to decrease its morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide rational and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, inactivation, allergic reactions, and non-specific tissue targeting. Another problem is the limited ability of current neuroprotective agents to promote recovery of the ischemic brain tissue after stroke, which contributes to the progressive and irreversible nature of ischemic stroke and also the severity of the outcome. Fortunately, because of biomaterials’ inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, nontoxicity, long blood circulation time, and targeting ability. Utilization of them has been pursued as an innovative and promising strategy to tackle these challenges. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on the recent advances in the study of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, nanomaterials provide much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia, which is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
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Zhang M, Wei J, Wu X. Effects of whole-body vibration training on lower limb motor function and neural plasticity in patients with stroke: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060796. [PMID: 35768103 PMCID: PMC9240887 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower limb motor dysfunction is common in patients with stroke, and usually caused by brain neural connectivity disorder. Previous studies have shown that the whole-body vibration training (WBVT) significantly improves the lower limb motor function in patients with stroke and may promote nerve remodelling. The prior purpose of this study is to explore effects of WBVT on lower limb motor function and neuroplasticity in patients with stroke. METHODS A single-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Sixty patients with stroke will be recruited and allocated randomly to WBVT, routine rehabilitation training (RRT) and control group (CG). The WBVT and RRT interventions will be implemented as five 25 min sessions weekly for continuous 12 weeks; the CG will remain daily habitual living styles and routine treatments, in community or hospital, and will also receive telephone follow-up and health-related lectures. Transcranial magnetic stimulation will be used to assess neural plasticity while lower limb motor function is assessed using indicators of strength, walking ability and joint activity. The assessments will be conducted at the period of baseline, week 6, week 12 as well as on 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, after intervention completion. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Shanghai University of Sport Research Ethics Committee (102772021RT067) and will provide data on the effects of WBVT relative to RRT in terms of the improvement of stroke patients' lower limb motor function and neural plasticity. The results of this study will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200055143.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianing Wei
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Wu
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Stroke: Recent Insights into Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3450207. [PMID: 35720192 PMCID: PMC9200548 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3450207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved cellular catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis by removal of damaged proteins and organelles, which is critical for the maintenance of energy and function homeostasis of cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays important roles in pathophysiological mechanisms under ischemic stroke. Previous investigations show that autophagy serves as a “double-edged sword” in ischemic stroke as it can either promote the survival of neuronal cells or induce cell death in special conditions. Following ischemic stroke, autophagy is activated or inhibited in several cell types in brain, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, as well as microvascular endothelial cells, which involves in inflammatory activation, modulation of microglial phenotypes, and blood-brain barrier permeability. However, the exact mechanisms of underlying the role of autophagy in ischemic stroke are not fully understood. This review focuses on the recent advances regarding potential molecular mechanisms of autophagy in different cell types. The focus is also on discussing the “double-edged sword” effect of autophagy in ischemic stroke and its possible underlying mechanisms. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke targeting autophagy are also reviewed.
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He T, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Crosstalk of Astrocytes and Other Cells during Ischemic Stroke. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060910. [PMID: 35743941 PMCID: PMC9228674 DOI: 10.3390/life12060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Astrocytes structurally compose tripartite synapses, blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular unit and perform multiple functions through cell-to-cell signaling of neurons, glial cells, and vasculature. The crosstalk of astrocytes and other cells is complicated and incompletely understood. Here we review the role of astrocytes in response to ischemic stroke, both beneficial and detrimental, from a cell–cell interaction perspective. Reactive astrocytes provide neuroprotection through antioxidation and antiexcitatory effects and metabolic support; they also contribute to neurorestoration involving neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis by crosstalk with stem cells and cell lineage. In the meantime, reactive astrocytes also play a vital role in neuroinflammation and brain edema. Glial scar formation in the chronic phase hinders functional recovery. We further discuss astrocyte enriched microRNAs and exosomes in the regulation of ischemic stroke. In addition, the latest notion of reactive astrocyte subsets and astrocytic activity revealed by optogenetics is mentioned. This review discusses the current understanding of the intimate molecular conversation between astrocytes and other cells and outlines its potential implications after ischemic stroke. “Neurocentric” strategies may not be sufficient for neurological protection and recovery; future therapeutic strategies could target reactive astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
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Naoluo Xintong Decoction Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Angiogenesis through Activating the HIF-1α/VEGF Signaling Pathway in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9341466. [PMID: 35449809 PMCID: PMC9017488 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9341466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Naoluo Xintong decoction (NLXTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula which has been used to improve neuronal functional recovery after cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanism underlying NLXTD's amelioration of ischemic stroke remains unclear. The present study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of NLXTD on brain angiogenesis in a rat model with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Materials and Methods Cerebral I/R model was established by the classical middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (n = 80) were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) group, the 2ME2 with NLXTD group, and the NLXTD group. Neurological deficit test, TTC staining, H&E staining, TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry (IH), immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the effect of NLXTD after MCAO. Results Administration of NLXTD significantly decreased neuron deficiency scores, reduced brain infarct volume, and lowered damaged and apoptotic cells after brain I/R injury in rats. Meanwhile, NLXTD had a protective effect on angiogenesis by increasing the MVD and the expressions of BrdU and CD34, which enhanced the number of endothelial cells in the ischemic penumbra brain. NLXTD treatment significantly raised the protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, and Notch1 compared with the model treatment. In contrast, a specific HIF-1α inhibitor, 2ME2, inhibited the improvement of neurological function and angiogenesis in NLXTD-induced rats with cerebral I/R injury, suggesting that NLXTD played a positive role in ischemic brain injury by activating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Conclusions NLXTD exerts neuroprotection targeting angiogenesis by upregulating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway on cerebral I/R injury rats.
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Publication Trends in Rehabilitative Effects of Acupuncture: A Visual Analysis of the Literature. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7705256. [PMID: 35449821 PMCID: PMC9017514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7705256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To conduct a comprehensive analysis of scientific outputs in 2011–2021 regarding the rehabilitative effects of acupuncture on diseases. Methods The study was conducted in the form of knowledge graph and data visualization, with data being drawn from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Results Articles and reviews were the dominant types; China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and Medicine ranked was the active country, institution, and journal, respectively, in terms of issued articles. Systematic reviews and the meta-analyses of stroke and pain were extensively carried out in the past decade, whose principal interventions were manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, scalp acupuncture, and dry needling correspondingly at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36). And most frequently utilized rehabilitation assessment criteria were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale and the Barthel Index. More recently, motor function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have captured researchers' attention, which might be the futuristic frontier. Conclusions This article provided a relatively panoramic picture of the scientific outputs in acupuncture for disease rehabilitation, which may help readers embrace the heated topic and grasp the recent research focus on this field.
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Zhu T, Wang L, Wang LP, Wan Q. Therapeutic targets of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in ischemic stroke: Applications for natural compounds from medicinal herbs. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Sun Y, Langer HF. Platelets, Thromboinflammation and Neurovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843404. [PMID: 35309326 PMCID: PMC8930842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain and spinal cord are immune-privileged organs, but in the disease state protection mechanisms such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) are ineffective or overcome by pathological processes. In neuroinflammatory diseases, microglia cells and other resident immune cells contribute to local vascular inflammation and potentially a systemic inflammatory response taking place in parallel. Microglia cells interact with other cells impacting on the integrity of the BBB and propagate the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory signals. Here, we discuss the activation and response mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune processes in response to neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the clinical importance of neuroinflammatory mediators and a potential translational relevance of involved mechanisms are addressed also with focus on non-classical immune cells including microglia cells or platelets. As illustrative examples, novel agents such as Anfibatide or Revacept, which result in reduced recruitment and activation of platelets, a subsequently blunted activation of the coagulation cascade and further inflammatory process, demonstrating that mechanisms of neuroinflammation and thrombosis are interconnected and should be further subject to in depth clinical and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Harald F. Langer,
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Li N, Zhang X, Zhai J, Yin J, Ma K, Wang R, Qin X, Li Y, Dong X, Wang S. Isoflurane and Netrin-1 combination therapy enhances angiogenesis and neurological recovery by improving the expression of HIF-1α-Netrin-1-UNC5B/VEGF cascade to attenuate cerebral ischemia injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 352:114028. [PMID: 35247371 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) causes many morbidities and deaths worldwide. However, the current monotherapy strategy is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to explore possible combined treatment methods. Although both isoflurane (ISO) and Netrin-1 (NT-1) have angiogenesis and neuroprotective effects, it is still unclear whether combining ISO with NT-1 will provide a positive effect and the possible mechanism of action. In this study, we used a photochemical (PTI) method to establish a mouse ischemic stroke model. ISO and NT-1 were used to treat the mice for 1 week. The adhesive removal test, Morris water maze test, modified neurological severity scores and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining were performed to test the treatment effect. Western blotting was performed to assess protein expression, immunofluorescence staining (IF) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to evaluate angiogenesis. The results suggested that combining ISO with NT-1 resulted in a better therapeutic effect than ISO or NT-1 treatment after PTI injury (all P < 0.01). The protein expression of VEGFA and CD34 in the ISO + NT-1 group was significantly increased compared with that in the other groups (all P < 0.05). IF and IHC also showed that the ISO + NT-1 group significantly improved angiogenesis (all P < 0.01). YC-1 (an HIF-1α inhibitor) and Unc5B siRNA were used to inhibit the expression of HIF-1α and UNC5B before and after combination ISO and NT-1 treatment. The combined inhibition group not only expressed the least VEGFA and CD34 but also expressed the least HIF-1α, UNC5B, FAK, and β-catenin in all groups (all P < 0.05). Most importantly, angiogenesis and neurological recovery were also significantly decreased by inhibiting HIF-1α and UNC5B (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that ISO combined with NT-1 could promote angiogenesis, recover long-term neurobehavioral function, and attenuate cerebral ischemia injury by activating the HIF-1α-Netrin-1-UNC5B/VEGF cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xinlei Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, China; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiwei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Yuan YS, Xu HL, Liu ZD, Kou YH, Jin B, Zhang PX. Brain functional remodeling caused by sciatic nerve transposition repair in rats identified by multiple-model resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:418-426. [PMID: 34269218 PMCID: PMC8464002 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity nerve transposition repair has become an important treatment strategy for peripheral nerve injury; however, brain changes caused by this surgical procedure remain unclear. In this study, the distal stump of the right sciatic nerve in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury was connected to the proximal end of the left sciatic nerve using a chitin conduit. Neuroelectrophysiological test showed that the right lower limb displayed nerve conduction, and the structure of myelinated nerve fibers recovered greatly. Muscle wet weight of the anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius recovered as well. Multiple-model resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed functional remodeling in multiple brain regions and the re-establishment of motor and sensory functions through a new reflex arc. These findings suggest that sciatic nerve transposition repair induces brain functional remodeling. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital on December 9, 2015 (approval No. 2015-50).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Song Yuan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Xu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Di Liu
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Kou
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
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Bambakidis T, Dekker SE, Williams AM, Biesterveld BE, Bhatti UF, Liu B, Li Y, Pickell Z, Buller B, Alam HB. Early Treatment With a Single Dose of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulates the Brain Transcriptome to Create Neuroprotective Changes in a Porcine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock. Shock 2022; 57:281-290. [PMID: 34798633 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) improve neurologic outcomes in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and hemorrhage. Using a porcine 7-day survival model of TBI and hemorrhagic shock (HS), we previously demonstrated that EV-treatment was associated with reduced brain lesion size, neurologic severity score, and cerebral inflammation. However, the underlying cellular and genomic mechanisms remain poorly defined. We hypothesize that EV treatment modulates the brain transcriptome to enhance neuroprotection and neurorestoration following TBI + HS. METHODS Swine were subjected to severe TBI (8-mm cortical impact) and HS (40% blood volume). After 1 h of shock, animals were randomized (n = 4/group) to treatment with either lactated Ringer's (LR) or LR + EV. Both groups received fluid resuscitation after 2 h of shock, and autologous packed red blood cells 5 h later.After 7-days, brains were harvested and RNA-sequencing was performed. The transcriptomic data were imported into the iPathway pipeline for bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS 5,273 genes were differentially expressed in the LR + EV group versus LR alone (total 9,588 measured genes). Genes with the greatest upregulation were involved in synaptic transmission and neuronal development and differentiation, while downregulated genes were involved in inflammation. GO-terms experiencing the greatest modulation were involved in inflammation, brain development, and cell adhesion. Pathway analysis revealed significant modulation in the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. Network analysis revealed downregulation of inflammation, and upregulation of neurogenesis, and neuron survival and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In a porcine model of TBI + HS, EV treatment was associated with an attenuation of cerebral inflammatory networks and a promotion of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. These transcriptomic changes could explain the observed neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties associated with EV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Bambakidis
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Simone E Dekker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron M Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Umar F Bhatti
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zachary Pickell
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Buller
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Luo W, Yang J. Schizophrenia predisposition gene Unc-51-like kinase 4 for the improvement of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2933-2943. [PMID: 35083612 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) has complex pathogenesis, and inhibiting apoptosis and supporting neural progenitor proliferation are extremely beneficial strategies for treating CIRI. Unc-51-like kinase 4 (ULK4), a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, promotes neural progenitors proliferation. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a critical role in CIRI via inhibition of apoptosis. Therefore, the relationship among ULK4, the PI3K pathway, and apoptosis in the context of CIRI has attracted our great interest. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), and rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Transfection of the ULK4-overexpression lentivirus was performed alone or in combination with PI3K inhibitor treatment. Here, we revealed that ULK4 was poorly expressed in the cortex in MCAO/R rats and OGD/R-treated primary cortical neurons, ULK4 overexpression inhibited apoptosis, and reduced neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct volume, and histopathological damage. Moreover, ULK4 overexpression increased PI3K expression and the p-protein kinase B/AKT and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/GSK3β ratios, and inhibited apoptosis, while a PI3K inhibitor reversed the effects of ULK4 overexpression on CIRI. CONCLUSIONS ULK4 protects against CIRI, and the underlying mechanism involves PI3K pathway activation which in turn inhibits apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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50
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Vespakinin-M, a natural peptide from Vespa magnifica, promotes functional recovery in stroke mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:74. [PMID: 35058552 PMCID: PMC8776894 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke triggers complex systemic pathological responses for which the exploration of drug resources remains a challenge. Wasp venom extracted from Vespa magnifica (Smith, 1852) is most commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as well as neurological disorders. Vespakinin-M (VK), a natural peptide from wasp venom, has remained largely unexplored for stroke. Herein, we first confirmed the structure, stability, toxicity and distribution of VK as well as its penetration into the blood–brain barrier. VK (150 and 300 µg/kg, i.p.) was administered to improve stroke constructed by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Our results indicate that VK promote functional recovery in mice after ischemia stroke, including an improvement of neurological impairment, reduction of infarct volume, maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity, and an obstruction of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In addition, VK treatment led to reduced neuroinflammation and apoptosis associated with the activation of PI3K–AKT and inhibition of IκBα–NF-κB signaling pathways. Simultaneously, we confirmed that VK can combine with bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R) as detected by molecular docking, the B2R antagonist HOE140 could counteract the neuro-protective effects of VK on stroke in mice. Overall, targeting the VK–B2R interaction can be considered as a practical strategy for stroke therapy. Zhao et al establish the structure, stability, toxicity and distribution of vespakinin-M (VK) as well as its penetration into the blood–brain barrier in mice. They go on to show that VK promotes functional recovery in mice after ischemia stroke and shed light on the potential underlying mechanisms, which together indicates the potential therapeutic value of targeting VK in stroke therapy.
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